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Xu T, Lyu L, Zheng J, Li L. Advances in omics-based biomarker discovery for biliary tract malignancy Diagnosis:A narrative review. Mol Cell Probes 2024; 76:101970. [PMID: 38964426 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2024.101970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Biliary tract neoplasms, which originate from the intrahepatic or extrahepatic biliary epithelium, are relatively rare but diagnostically challenging types of tumours, and their morbidity and mortality have increased in recent years. Due to ineffective early diagnostic methods, once detected, patients are in an advanced stage with a poor prognosis and few treatment options. With the development of omics technologies, the associations between microorganisms, bile acid and salts, noncoding RNAs and biliary tract malignancies have been gradually revealed, providing new methods for the discovery of diagnostic biomarkers. Here, we review the research advances in microbiomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, and proteomics in the discovery of diagnostic biomarkers for biliary tract malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 102200, China.
| | - Lingna Lyu
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Junfu Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 102200, China.
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 102200, China.
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2
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Zhang L, Jiang G, Lu J, Wang L. LINC00844 suppresses tumor progression and predicts survival outcomes through inhibiting miR-19a-5p in cholangiocarcinoma. Clin Transl Oncol 2024; 26:414-423. [PMID: 37400667 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-023-03254-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a heterogeneous malignancy. The aim of the study was to investigate the regulatory role of long noncoding RNA LINC00844 in CCA progression, explore the underlying molecular mechanisms, and to analyze the potential prognostic value of LINC00844 in CCA patients. METHODS Expression of LINC00844 in CCA cell lines and tissues was examined by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Cell counting kit-8 assay was used to assess CCA cell proliferation, and the Transwell assay was used to evaluate tumor cell migration and invasion. miRNAs sponged by LINC00844 were predicted and confirmed using a luciferase reporter assay. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to evaluate the survival prognosis of CCA patients. RESULTS The expression levels of LINC00844 were decreased in CCA tissues and cells. Overexpression of LINC00844 inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion in CCA cells. miR-19a-5p is directly targeted by LINC00844, mediating the inhibitory effects of LINC00844 on the proliferation, migration and invasion of CCA cells. LINC00844 and miR-19a-5p expression were associated with differentiation and tumor node metastasis stage in CCA patients. CCA patients with low LINC00844 expression or overexpression of miR-19a-5p had worse overall survival. CONCLUSION The expression levels of LINC00844 were decreased in both CCA tissues and cells, and high LINC00844 inhibited CCA cell proliferation, migration and invasion through sponging miR-19a-5p. Low LINC00844 and high miR-19a-5p expression were associated with worse overall survival in CCA patients. All the data suggested that the LINC00844/miR-19a-5p axis may provide novel therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers for CCA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, 255000, Shandong, China
| | - Guohong Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qingdao Chest Hospital, Qingdao, 266043, Shandong, China
| | - Juan Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth People's Hospital of Zibo, Zichuan District, No. 102 Zi Mining Bureau, Zibo, 255100, Shandong, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth People's Hospital of Zibo, Zichuan District, No. 102 Zi Mining Bureau, Zibo, 255100, Shandong, China.
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3
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Zhong B, Liao Q, Wang X, Wang X, Zhang J. The roles of epigenetic regulation in cholangiocarcinogenesis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115290. [PMID: 37557012 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a heterogeneous malignancy of bile duct epithelial cells, is characterized by aggressiveness, difficult diagnosis, and poor prognosis due to limited understanding and lack of effective therapeutic strategies. Genetic and epigenetic alterations accumulated in CCA cells can cause the aberrant regulation of oncogenes and tumor suppressors. Epigenetic alterations with histone modification, DNA methylation, and noncoding RNA modulation are associated with the carcinogenesis of CCA. Mutation or silencing of genes by various mechanisms can be a frequent event during CCA development. Alterations in histone acetylation/deacetylation at the posttranslational level, DNA methylation at promoters, and noncoding RNA regulation contribute to the heterogeneity of CCA and drive tumor development. In this review article, we mainly focus on the roles of epigenetic regulation in cholangiocarcinogenesis. Alterations in epigenetic modification can be potential targets for the therapeutic management of CCA, and epigenetic targets may become diagnostic biomarkers of CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiyin Zhong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Qicheng Liao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Xiaonong Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Jianhong Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Hepatocellular Carcinoma, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China.
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4
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miRNA Regulatory Functions in Farm Animal Diseases, and Biomarker Potentials for Effective Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063080. [PMID: 33802936 PMCID: PMC8002598 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small endogenous RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally by targeting either the 3′ untranslated or coding regions of genes. They have been reported to play key roles in a wide range of biological processes. The recent remarkable developments of transcriptomics technologies, especially next-generation sequencing technologies and advanced bioinformatics tools, allow more in-depth exploration of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including miRNAs. These technologies have offered great opportunities for a deeper exploration of miRNA involvement in farm animal diseases, as well as livestock productivity and welfare. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge of miRNA roles in major farm animal diseases with a particular focus on diseases of economic importance. In addition, we discuss the steps and future perspectives of using miRNAs as biomarkers and molecular therapy for livestock disease management as well as the challenges and opportunities for understanding the regulatory mechanisms of miRNAs related to disease pathogenesis.
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5
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Yang Y, Deng X, Li Q, Wang F, Miao L, Jiang Q. Emerging roles of long noncoding RNAs in cholangiocarcinoma: Advances and challenges. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2020; 40:655-680. [PMID: 33142045 PMCID: PMC7743012 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a cancer with a relatively low incidence rate, is usually associated with poor prognosis. Current modalities for the diagnosis and treatment of CCA patients are still far from satisfactory. In recent years, numerous long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified as crucial players in the development of various cancers, including CCA. Abnormally expressed lncRNAs in CCA, regulated by some upstream molecules, significantly influence the biological behavior of tumor cells and are involved in tumor development through various mechanisms, including interactions with functional proteins, participation in competing for endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory networks, activation of cancer‐related signaling pathways and epigenetic modification of gene expression. Furthermore, several lncRNAs are closely associated with the clinicopathological features of CCA patients, and are promising biomarkers for diagnosing and prognostication of CCA. Some of these lncRNAs play an important role in chemotherapy drug resistance. In addition, lncRNAs have also been shown to be involved in the inflammation microenvironment of CCA and malignant outcome of CCA risk factors, such as cholestatic liver diseases. In view of the difficulty of diagnosing CCA, more attention should be paid to detectable lncRNAs in the serum or bile. This review summarizes the recent knowledge on lncRNAs in CCA and provides a new outlook on the molecular mechanisms of CCA development from the perspective of lncRNAs. Moreover, we also discussed the limitations of the current studies and differential expression of lncRNAs in different types of CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Institute of Digestive Endoscopy and Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, P. R. China.,Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, P. R. China
| | - Xueting Deng
- Institute of Digestive Endoscopy and Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, P. R. China.,Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, P. R. China
| | - Quanpeng Li
- Institute of Digestive Endoscopy and Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, P. R. China.,Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, P. R. China
| | - Fei Wang
- Institute of Digestive Endoscopy and Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, P. R. China.,Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, P. R. China
| | - Lin Miao
- Institute of Digestive Endoscopy and Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, P. R. China.,Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, P. R. China
| | - Qi Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dongtai People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224000, P. R. China
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Fletcher SC, Coleman ML. Human 2-oxoglutarate-dependent oxygenases: nutrient sensors, stress responders, and disease mediators. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 48:1843-1858. [PMID: 32985654 PMCID: PMC7609023 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fe(II)/2-oxoglutarate (2OG)-dependent oxygenases are a conserved enzyme class that catalyse diverse oxidative reactions across nature. In humans, these enzymes hydroxylate a broad range of biological substrates including DNA, RNA, proteins and some metabolic intermediates. Correspondingly, members of the 2OG-dependent oxygenase superfamily have been linked to fundamental biological processes, and found dysregulated in numerous human diseases. Such findings have stimulated efforts to understand both the biochemical activities and cellular functions of these enzymes, as many have been poorly studied. In this review, we focus on human 2OG-dependent oxygenases catalysing the hydroxylation of protein and polynucleotide substrates. We discuss their modulation by changes in the cellular microenvironment, particularly with respect to oxygen, iron, 2OG and the effects of oncometabolites. We also describe emerging evidence that these enzymes are responsive to cellular stresses including hypoxia and DNA damage. Moreover, we examine how dysregulation of 2OG-dependent oxygenases is associated with human disease, and the apparent paradoxical role for some of these enzymes during cancer development. Finally, we discuss some of the challenges associated with assigning biochemical activities and cellular functions to 2OG-dependent oxygenases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally C. Fletcher
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Mathew L. Coleman
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
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Baliou S, Kyriakopoulos AM, Spandidos DA, Zoumpourlis V. Role of taurine, its haloamines and its lncRNA TUG1 in both inflammation and cancer progression. On the road to therapeutics? (Review). Int J Oncol 2020; 57:631-664. [PMID: 32705269 PMCID: PMC7384849 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.5100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
For one century, taurine is considered as an end product of sulfur metabolism. In this review, we discuss the beneficial effect of taurine, its haloamines and taurine upregulated gene 1 (TUG1) long non‑coding RNA (lncRNA) in both cancer and inflammation. We outline how taurine or its haloamines (N‑Bromotaurine or N‑Chlorotaurine) can induce robust and efficient responses against inflammatory diseases, providing insight into their molecular mechanisms. We also provide information about the use of taurine as a therapeutic approach to cancer. Taurine can be combined with other chemotherapeutic drugs, not only mediating durable responses in various malignancies, but also circumventing the limitations met from chemotherapeutic drugs, thus improving the therapeutic outcome. Interestingly, the lncRNA TUG1 is regarded as a promising therapeutic approach, which can overcome acquired resistance of cancer cells to selected strategies. In this regard, we can translate basic knowledge about taurine and its TUG1 lncRNA into potential therapeutic options directed against specific oncogenic signaling targets, thereby bridging the gap between bench and bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Demetrios A. Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
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Lv Y, Wang Z, Zhao K, Zhang G, Huang S, Zhao Y. Role of noncoding RNAs in cholangiocarcinoma (Review). Int J Oncol 2020; 57:7-20. [PMID: 32319584 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.5047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a malignant tumour originating from biliary epithelial cells, and is increasing in incidence. Radical surgery is the main treatment. However, the pathogenesis of CCA is unclear. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are non‑protein‑coding RNAs produced by genomic transcription that include microRNAs (miRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). They play important roles in gene expression, epigenetic modification, cell proliferation, differentiation and reproduction. ncRNAs also serve key roles in cancer development. Numerous studies have been carried out on ncRNAs, and associated publications have shown that ncRNAs are closely associated with the physiological and pathological mechanisms of CCA. The findings of these studies can provide new insights into the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of CCA. The present review summarizes the pathophysiological mechanisms of different types of ncRNAs, including miRNAs, circRNAs and lncRNAs in CCA, and their applications in the diagnosis and treatment of CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghao Lv
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 476100, P.R. China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 476100, P.R. China
| | - Kun Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 476100, P.R. China
| | - Guokun Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 476100, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 476100, P.R. China
| | - Yongfu Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 476100, P.R. China
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9
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Zhang Z, Wang Z, Huang Y. Identification of potential prognostic long non-coding RNA for predicting survival in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e19606. [PMID: 32221083 PMCID: PMC7220432 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000019606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is an aggressive biliary epithelial tumor with poor prognosis. There are increasing evidences that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are dysregulated in multifarious tumors, revealing potential significant role of lncRNAs in tumorigenesis.We used the ICC dataset retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas and the Gene Expression Omnibus database to obtain the lncRNAs expression profiles and identify potential prognostic lncRNAs for predicting the prognosis in ICC. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to construct a prognostic index (PI). Furthermore, coexpression analysis and functional assessment were performed to initially investigate the function of these prognostic lncRNAs.A total of 255 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) were identified among two RNA sequencing dataset of a total 63 ICC patients with 98 samples using R platform. Thirteen of 255 DElncRNAs were identified as prognostic lncRNAs and used for a PI. Patients with high PI were associated with poor prognostic (P = .0064), and the Cox regression showed consistent result (P = .042). The time-dependent receiver operating characteristic analysis showed the PI performed well in ICC survival prediction with an area under curve of 0.921, 0.801, and 0.717 for 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival, respectively.In conclusion, we included 13 identified prognostic DElncRNAs and constructed a prognostic signature/PI. ICC patient with higher PI was associated with poorer prognosis. However, the clinical role as well as biological functions of constructed PI and these prognostic DElncRNAs need to be verified in future study.
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Xu W, Yu S, Xiong J, Long J, Zheng Y, Sang X. CeRNA regulatory network-based analysis to study the roles of noncoding RNAs in the pathogenesis of intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:1047-1086. [PMID: 31956102 PMCID: PMC7053603 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To explore and understand the competitive mechanism of ceRNAs in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), we used bioinformatics analysis methods to construct an ICC-related ceRNA regulatory network (ceRNET), which contained 340 lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory relationships based on the RNA expression datasets in the NCBI GEO database. We identified the core regulatory pathway RP11-328K4.1-hsa-miR-27a-3p-PROS1, which is related to ICC, for further validation by molecular biology assays. GO analysis of 44 differentially expressed mRNAs in ceRNET revealed that they were mainly enriched in biological processes including “negative regulation of epithelial cell proliferation” and "positive regulation of activated T lymphocyte proliferation.” KEGG analysis showed that they were mainly enriched in the “complement and coagulation cascade” pathway. The molecular biology assay showed that lncRNA RP11-328K4.1 expression was significantly lower in the cancerous tissues and peripheral plasma of ICC patients than in normal controls (p<0.05). In addition, hsa-miR-27a-3p was found to be significantly upregulated in the cancer tissues and peripheral plasma of ICC patients (p<0.05). Compared to normal controls, the expression of PROS1 mRNA was significantly downregulated in ICC patient cancer tissues (p<0.05) but not in peripheral plasma (p>0.05). Furthermore, ROC analysis revealed that RP11-328K4.1, hsa-miR-27a-3p, and PROS1 had significant diagnostic value in ICC. We concluded that the upregulation of lncRNA RP11-328K4.1, which might act as a miRNA sponge, exerts an antitumor effect in ICC by eliminating the inhibition of PROS1 mRNA expression by oncogenic miRNA hsa-miR-27a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyu Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Xi-Cheng, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Si Yu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Wangfujing, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Xiong
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Xi-Cheng, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyu Long
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Wangfujing, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongchang Zheng
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Wangfujing, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinting Sang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Wangfujing, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China
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11
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Li J, Jiang X, Li C, Liu Y, Kang P, Zhong X, Cui Y. LncRNA-MEG3 inhibits cell proliferation and invasion by modulating Bmi1/RNF2 in cholangiocarcinoma. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:22947-22959. [PMID: 31119760 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a mortal cancer with gradually increasing incidences all over the world, whereas effective diagnosis and treatment for this disease are still lacking. As a classical long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) has been reported to exhibit pivotal regulatory roles in the occurrence and development of various digestive system tumors. Nevertheless, the clinical relevance and biological function of MEG3 in CCA remain largely unclear. In this study, MEG3 expression was significantly downregulated in both CCA tissues and cells in comparison with that in nontumor controls, respectively, and this downexpression was prominently associated with advanced TNM stage, lymph node invasion, and poor survival. Moreover, decreased MEG3 was an independent forecaster of poor prognosis for CCA patients. Functionally, MEG3 overexpression inhibited CCA growth in vitro and in vivo. Enhanced MEG3 also suppressed migration and invasion of CCLP-1 and QBC939 cells by reversing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. On the contrary, the proliferation, metastasis, and EMT were facilitated via knocking down MEG3. In addition, the expression of B lymphoma Mo-MLV insertion region 1 (Bmi1) and RING finger protein 2 was impacted by gain or loss of MEG3, furthermore, the malignant processes induced by MEG3 knockdown were rescued by means of silencing Bmi1. These data suggested that MEG3 caused tumor suppressive effects partly through mediating polycomb repressive complex 1. Our findings elucidate that MEG3 exerts critical functions in CCA development and likely acts as a promising tumor indicator or intervention target for CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglin Li
- Department of HPB Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xingming Jiang
- Department of HPB Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Chunlong Li
- Department of HPB Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yueping Liu
- Department of HPB Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Pengcheng Kang
- Department of HPB Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhong
- Department of HPB Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yunfu Cui
- Department of HPB Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
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12
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Down-regulation of lncRNA-NEF indicates poor prognosis in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20181573. [PMID: 31015363 PMCID: PMC6527927 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20181573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
LncRNA-NEF is a tumor suppressor lncRNA in liver cancer. The present study aimed to investigate the role of lncRNA-NEF in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCC), which is second most common type of primary cancer of the hepatobiliary system that causes high mortality rate. In the present study we found that lncRNA-NEF was down-regulated, while Runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) was up-regulated in tumor tissues than in adjacent healthy tissues of IHCC patients. Expression levels of lncRNA-NEF and RUNX1 were significantly and reversely correlated in tumor tissues but not in adjacent healthy tissues. Plasma levels of lncRNA-NEF were significantly lower in IHCC patients than in healthy controls. Down-regulation of lncRNA-NEF effectively distinguished stage I and II IHCC patients from healthy controls. Patients were followed up for 5 years, patients with high plasma levels of lncRNA-NEF showed significantly better survival conditions compared with patients with low expression levels of lncRNA-NEF. LncRNA-NEF overexpression led to inhibited expression of RUNX1 in cells of IHCC cell lines and inhibited cancer cell migration and invasion. In contrast, RUNX1 overexpression showed no significant effects on lncRNA-NEF expression, but attenuated the effects of lncRNA-NEF overexpression on cancer cell migration and invasion. We therefore concluded that lncRNA-NEF participated in IHCC possibly by interacting with RUNX1.
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13
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Li O, Yi W, Yang P, Guo C, Peng C. Long non-coding RNA UCA1 promotes proliferation and invasion of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma cells through targeting microRNA-122. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:25-32. [PMID: 31258634 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA urothelial carcinoma-associated 1 (UCA1) has a role in various common types of human malignancy, including cholangiocarcinoma; however, the expression and function of UCA1 in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) has remained elusive. In the present study, it was observed that UCA1 expression was significantly upregulated in ICC tissues and cell lines compared with that in the adjacent non-tumour tissues and a human intrahepatic biliary epithelial cell line, respectively. The increased expression of UCA1 was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis and clinical T-stage in ICC. Furthermore, the ICC patients with high expression of UCA1 had a shorter survival time when compared with that of patients with low UCA1 expression. Knockdown of UCA1 caused a significant decrease in ICC cell proliferation and invasion, while ectopic overexpression of UCA1 significantly promoted the proliferation and invasion of ICC cells. Furthermore, it was revealed that UCA1 directly binds to microRNA (miR)-122 to negatively regulate its expression in ICC cells. In addition, miR-122 mimics abrogated the promoting effects of UCA1 on ICC cell proliferation and invasion. In addition, an inverse correlation between miR-122 and UCA1 expression in ICC tissues was observed. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that the lncRNA UCA1 promotes ICC cell proliferation and invasion at least in part by targeting miR-122, suggesting that the UCA1/miR-122 interaction may become a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of ICC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ou Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Province People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
| | - Weimin Yi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Province People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
| | - Pingzhou Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Province People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
| | - Chao Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Province People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
| | - Chuang Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Province People's Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
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14
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Oh S, Shin S, Janknecht R. The small members of the JMJD protein family: Enzymatic jewels or jinxes? Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2019; 1871:406-418. [PMID: 31034925 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Jumonji C domain-containing (JMJD) proteins are mostly epigenetic regulators that demethylate histones. However, a hitherto neglected subfamily of JMJD proteins, evolutionarily distant and characterized by their relatively small molecular weight, exerts different functions by hydroxylating proteins and RNA. Recently, unsuspected proteolytic and tyrosine kinase activities were also ascribed to some of these small JMJD proteins, further increasing their enzymatic versatility. Here, we discuss the ten human small JMJD proteins (HIF1AN, HSPBAP1, JMJD4, JMJD5, JMJD6, JMJD7, JMJD8, RIOX1, RIOX2, TYW5) and their diverse physiological functions. In particular, we focus on the roles of these small JMJD proteins in cancer and other maladies and how they are modulated in diseased cells by an altered metabolic milieu, including hypoxia, reactive oxygen species and oncometabolites. Because small JMJD proteins are enzymes, they are amenable to inhibition by small molecules and may represent novel targets in the therapy of cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangphil Oh
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Sook Shin
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Ralf Janknecht
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
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15
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Dai K, Quan J, Yan F, Jin X, Pan X, Song X, Zhang S, Ren Q, Liu J, Liu X. lncRNAs as potential molecular biomarkers in the clinicopathology and prognosis of cholangiocarcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:1905-1915. [PMID: 30881042 PMCID: PMC6415731 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s188134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is the second most common fatal primary hepatobiliary malignant carcinoma, characterized by early invasion and extremely poor outcomes. It is therefore necessary to identify a novel biomarker to better diagnose CAA and predict its prognosis. Recently, emerging evidence has revealed that some lncRNAs play an important role in the tumorigenesis and progression of CAA. In order to support this search for novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for CAA, we conducted a meta-analysis to analyze the published association between lncRNA expression and its clinical value in CAA. Methods Eligible studies were pooled and analyzed according to our inclusion and exclusion criteria after a comprehensive literature search. Stata 14.0 software was used to analyze the data from relevant studies and to construct a forest plot. Different effect sizes were selected for the meta-analysis. Results In total, 24 publications were included in this meta-analysis. After review of their full-text, 16 articles studied the association between lncRNAs and clinicopathological characteristics, 2 discussing diagnosis and 16 discussing prognosis. Our results showed that overexpression of CCAT1 was significantly correlated with tumor stage (I + II vs III + IV) (OR, 4.99; 95% CI 2.77–8.99; P<0.001) and lymph node metastasis in CCA (OR, 4.75; 95% CI 2.65–8.52; P<0.001). Furthermore, elevated CCAT lncRNA family expression predicted a shorter overall survival (HR, 2.09; 95% CI 1.17–3.00; P<0.001), especially CCAT2. Upregulation of CCAT2 was also obviously associated with tumor stage in CCA (OR, 5.29; 95% CI 2.64–10.58; P=0.001). Conclusion This is the first meta-analysis to assess the relationship between expression of lncRNAs and the clinical values of patients with CCA. lncRNAs can function as potential molecular biomarkers of the clinicopathology and prognosis of CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangfu Dai
- Clinical College, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, P.R. China, ; .,Department of HepatoBiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, China, ;
| | - Jing Quan
- Clinical College, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, P.R. China, ;
| | - Fangli Yan
- Clinical College, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, P.R. China, ;
| | - Xinghan Jin
- Clinical College, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, P.R. China, ;
| | - Xiang Pan
- Clinical College, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, P.R. China, ;
| | - Xiaorui Song
- Clinical College, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, P.R. China, ;
| | - Shijie Zhang
- Clinical College, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, P.R. China, ;
| | - Qingqi Ren
- Department of HepatoBiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, China, ;
| | - Jikui Liu
- Clinical College, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, P.R. China, ; .,Department of HepatoBiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, China, ;
| | - Xiaoping Liu
- Clinical College, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, P.R. China, ; .,Department of HepatoBiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, China, ;
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16
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Jiang F, Ling X. The Advancement of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Cholangiocarcinoma Development. J Cancer 2019; 10:2407-2414. [PMID: 31258745 PMCID: PMC6584350 DOI: 10.7150/jca.32411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a malignancy with increasing incidence in recent years. CCA patients are usually diagnosed at advanced stage due to lack of apparent symptoms and specifically diagnostic markers. Nowadays, surgical removal is the only effective method for CCA whereas overall 5-year-survival rate keeps around 10%. Long-noncoding RNA (lncRNA), a subtype of noncoding RNA, is widely studied to be abnormally expressed in multiple cancers including CCA. LncRNA can promote proliferation, migration, invasion and inhibit apoptosis of CCA. Moreover, lncRNA is negatively correlated with the prognosis of CCA. LncRNA may contribute to the development of CCA via modulating gene transcription, sponging microRNA, regulating CCA-related signaling pathways or protein expression. LncRNA is thought to be potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for CCA.
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17
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Epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor gene CDKN1A by oncogenic long non-coding RNA SNHG1 in cholangiocarcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:746. [PMID: 29970899 PMCID: PMC6030364 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0768-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is the as the most frequently observed biliary tract malignancy, which has low survival rate in addition to constrained treatment options; nevertheless, the fundamental molecular phenomenon underlying malignant progression of CCA is quite ambiguous. Recently long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been found to have significant regulatory functions in several human cancers. Herein, we have figured out that lncRNA SNHG1, with substantially enhanced expression in CCA, is capable of acting as the oncogenic molecule of CCA. As revealed by our data, SNHG1 knockdown extensively inhibited CCA cell migration as well as proliferation in vitro and in vivo. In addition, in accordance with the findings of the RNA-Seq analysis, SNHG1 knockdown exhibited a significant impact on the target genes that were linked to cell migration and regulation of cell proliferation, in addition to the apoptotic phenomenon. In a mechanistic manner, we also showed that SNHG1 bound to the histone methyltransferase enhancer of the zeste homolog 2 (EZH2, which is regarded as the catalytic subunit of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), which is an extremely conserved protein complex regulating gene expression with the help of methylating lysine 27 on histone H3), specifying the histone alteration pattern on the target genes, including CDKN1A, and, as a result, altered the CCA cell biology. These data verified a major function of the epigenetic regulation of SNHG1 in CCA oncogenesis, in addition to its likely function as a target for CCA interruption.
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18
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O'Rourke CJ, Munoz-Garrido P, Aguayo EL, Andersen JB. Epigenome dysregulation in cholangiocarcinoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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19
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Yang W, Li Y, Song X, Xu J, Xie J. Genome-wide analysis of long noncoding RNA and mRNA co-expression profile in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma tissue by RNA sequencing. Oncotarget 2018; 8:26591-26599. [PMID: 28427159 PMCID: PMC5432281 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), which are pervasively transcribed in the genome, are emerging in molecular biology as crucial regulators of cancer. RNA-seq data were downloaded from GEO of NCBI and further analyzed to identify novel targets in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA). We investigated differences in lncRNA and mRNA profiles between 7 pairs of iCCA and adjacent normal tissues. 230 lncRNAs were differentially expressed more than four-fold change in iCCA tissues. Among these, 97 were upregulated and 133 downregulated relatively to normal tissues. Moreover, 169 lncRNAs and 597 mRNAs formed the lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network which consist 766 network nodes and 769 connection edges. Bioinformatics analysis identified these dysregulated lncRNAs were associated with cholesterol homeostasis, insoluble fraction and lipid binding activity and were enriched in complement and coagulation cascades and PPAR signaling pathway. These results uncovered the landscape of iCCA-associated lncRNAs and co-expression network, providing insightful information about dysregulated lncRNAs in iCCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.,Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Song
- Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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20
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Wangyang Z, Daolin J, Yi X, Zhenglong L, Lining H, Yunfu C, Xingming J. NcRNAs and Cholangiocarcinoma. J Cancer 2018; 9:100-107. [PMID: 29290774 PMCID: PMC5743716 DOI: 10.7150/jca.21785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is the most common primary biliary malignancy with poor prognosis. Less understanding of its etiology and pathogenesis makes the diagnosis and therapy difficult. Recently, accumulating evidences have demonstrated that deregulated expression of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) is closely associated with the etiopathogenesis of CCA. NcRNAs which lack open reading frame are a heterogeneous class of transcribed RNA molecules, including microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs. Several studies have shown ncRNAs dysregulation is a common central event occurring in CCA and has the potential of being therapy targets. Moreover, ncRNAs can be easily detected in cancer tissues and biofluids, representing valuable tools for diagnosis. In this review, we illustrate the role of ncRNA in the CCA and discuss their potential clinical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wangyang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
| | - Ji Daolin
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
| | - Xu Yi
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
| | - Li Zhenglong
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
| | - Huang Lining
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
| | - Cui Yunfu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
| | - Jiang Xingming
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
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21
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Shiao MS, Chiablaem K, Charoensawan V, Ngamphaiboon N, Jinawath N. Emergence of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: How High-Throughput Technologies Expedite the Solutions for a Rare Cancer Type. Front Genet 2018; 9:309. [PMID: 30158952 PMCID: PMC6104394 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is the cancer of the intrahepatic bile ducts, and together with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), constitute the majority of primary liver cancers. ICC is a rare disorder as its overall incidence is < 1/100,000 in the United States and Europe. However, it shows much higher incidence in particular geographical regions, such as northeastern Thailand, where liver fluke infection is the most common risk factor of ICC. Since the early stages of ICC are often asymptomatic, the patients are usually diagnosed at advanced stages with no effective treatments available, leading to the high mortality rate. In addition, unclear genetic mechanisms, heterogeneous nature, and various etiologies complicate the development of new efficient treatments. Recently, a number of studies have employed high-throughput approaches, including next-generation sequencing and mass spectrometry, in order to understand ICC in different biological aspects. In general, the majority of recurrent genetic alterations identified in ICC are enriched in known tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes, such as mutations in TP53, KRAS, BAP1, ARID1A, IDH1, IDH2, and novel FGFR2 fusion genes. Yet, there are no major driver genes with immediate clinical solutions characterized. Interestingly, recent studies utilized multi-omics data to classify ICC into two main subgroups, one with immune response genes as the main driving factor, while another is enriched with driver mutations in the genes associated with epigenetic regulations, such as IDH1 and IDH2. The two subgroups also show different hypermethylation patterns in the promoter regions. Additionally, the immune response induced by host-pathogen interactions, i.e., liver fluke infection, may further stimulate tumor growth through alterations of the tumor microenvironment. For in-depth functional studies, although many ICC cell lines have been globally established, these homogeneous cell lines may not fully explain the highly heterogeneous genetic contents of this disorder. Therefore, the advent of patient-derived xenograft and 3D patient-derived organoids as new disease models together with the understanding of evolution and genetic alterations of tumor cells at the single-cell resolution will likely become the main focus to fill the current translational research gaps of ICC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Shin Shiao
- Research Center, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Khajeelak Chiablaem
- Program in Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Varodom Charoensawan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Integrative Computational BioScience (ICBS) Center, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- Systems Biology of Diseases Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nuttapong Ngamphaiboon
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Natini Jinawath
- Program in Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Integrative Computational BioScience (ICBS) Center, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Natini Jinawath ;
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22
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Zhang F, Wan M, Xu Y, Li Z, Kang P, Jiang X, Wang Y, Wang Z, Zhong X, Li C, Cui Y. Transcriptome analysis reveals dysregulated long non-coding RNAs and mRNAs associated with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma progression. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:6079-6084. [PMID: 29113249 PMCID: PMC5661426 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ECC) is the highest of all the cholangiocarcinoma cases. However, the molecular mechanism of ECC genesis and progression remains unclear. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been revealed to perform critical regulatory roles in cancer biology. In order to understand lncRNA expression patterns and their potential function in ECC, a transcriptome analysis of lncRNA and mRNA expression was performed in ECC and paired adjacent non-cancerous tissues using Agilent human lncRNA + mRNA arrayV4.0 (4×180 K format). It was identified that 268 lncRNAs and 459 mRNAs were differentially expressed in ECC. Among these, 78 lncRNAs and 66 mRNAs were upregulated >2-fold compared with adjacent non-cancerous tissues, and 190 lncRNAs and 393 mRNAs were downregulated in the ECC samples. Differences in lncRNA expression between ECC and paired adjacent non-cancerous tissues were confirmed using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reactionas proof of principle. Functional analysis of co-expressed mRNAs with lncRNAs indicated that these dysregulated lncRNAsmay be involved in known ECC-associated biological processes and pathways. The present findings indicated that mRNAs and lncRNAs perform important roles in the development and progression of ECC. The present findings may lay the foundation for future efforts to understand the role of lncRNAs and develop novel biomarkers in ECC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumin Zhang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, P.R. China
- Department of General Surgery, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163001, P.R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Harbin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Ming Wan
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, P.R. China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, P.R. China
| | - Zhenglong Li
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, P.R. China
| | - Pengcheng Kang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, P.R. China
| | - Xingming Jiang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, P.R. China
| | - Yimin Wang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, P.R. China
| | - Zhidong Wang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyu Zhong
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, P.R. China
| | - Chunlong Li
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, P.R. China
| | - Yunfu Cui
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Professor Yunfu Cui, Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150000, P.R. China, E-mail:
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23
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LncRNA TUG1 sponges miR-145 to promote cancer progression and regulate glutamine metabolism via Sirt3/GDH axis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:113650-113661. [PMID: 29371936 PMCID: PMC5768353 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are important regulators in cancer progression. Deregulation of the lncRNA taurine upregulated gene 1 (TUG1) predicts poor prognosis and is implicated in the development of several cancers. In this study, we investigated the role of TUG1 in the pathogenesis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). We found that TUG1 is upregulated in ICC samples, which correlates with poor prognosis and adverse clinical pathological characteristics. Knockdown of TUG1 inhibited the proliferation, motility, and invasiveness of cultured ICC cells, and decreased tumor burden in a xenograft mouse model. When we explored the mechanisms underlying these effects, we found that TUG1 acts as an endogenous competing RNA (ceRNA) that ‘sponges’ miR-145, thereby preventing the degradation of Sirt3 mRNA and increasing expression of Sirt3 and GDH proteins. Accordingly, glutamine consumption, α-KG production, and ATP levels were dramatically decreased by TUG1 knockdown in ICC cells, and this effect was reversed by miR-145 inhibition. These findings indicate that the TUG1/miR-145/Sirt3/GDH regulatory network may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of ICC.
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Ge X, Wang Y, Nie J, Li Q, Tang L, Deng X, Wang F, Xu B, Wu X, Zhang X, You Q, Miao L. The diagnostic/prognostic potential and molecular functions of long non-coding RNAs in the exosomes derived from the bile of human cholangiocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:69995-70005. [PMID: 29050258 PMCID: PMC5642533 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an aggressive malignancy associated with unfavorable prognosis, and it’s difficult to diagnose and no effective treatments are available. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in tumorigenesis and metastasis. Intact lncRNAs from exosomes have sparked much interest as potential biomarker for the non-invasive analysis of disease. Here, via exosome sequencing on lncRNAs, GO analysis, KEGG pathway and co-expression analysis, receiver operating characteristic curve and survival analyses, we found that, compared with control group, lncRNAs of ENST00000588480.1 and ENST00000517758.1 showed significantly increased expressions in CCA group. Moreover, area under the curve (AUC) was increased to 0.709 when combined the two lncRNAs, they had a sensitivity and specificity of 82.9% and 58.9% respectively. Further, the higher levels of the two lncRNAs showed a significantly increasing trend with the advancement of cancer TNM stages, and prognosticated a poor survival. In addition, KEGG pathway analysis showed that the most significant difference term was “p53 signaling pathway” (KEGG ID: hsa04115, p: 0.001). The altered lncRNAs and their target genes were included to reconstruct a co-expression network. These altered lncRNAs were mainly related to cellular processes, environmental information processing and organismal systems, etc. Collectively, our findings provided the potential roles of lncRNAs of ENST00000588480.1 and ENST00000517758.1 in CCA, and implicated these lncRNAs as potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets for CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianxiu Ge
- Institute of Digestive Endoscopy and Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Youli Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Junjie Nie
- Institute of Digestive Endoscopy and Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Quanpeng Li
- Institute of Digestive Endoscopy and Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingyu Tang
- Institute of Digestive Endoscopy and Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xueting Deng
- Institute of Digestive Endoscopy and Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Institute of Digestive Endoscopy and Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Boming Xu
- Institute of Digestive Endoscopy and Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaochao Wu
- Institute of Digestive Endoscopy and Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiuhua Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Endoscopy and Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang You
- Department of Biotherapy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Miao
- Institute of Digestive Endoscopy and Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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25
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Tan X, Huang Z, Li X. Long Non-Coding RNA MALAT1 Interacts With miR-204 to Modulate Human Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion by Targeting CXCR4. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:3643-3653. [PMID: 28059437 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) is involved in the development and progression of many types of tumors. An aberrant expression of MALAT1 was observed in many kinds of cancers. However, the exact effects and molecular mechanisms of MALAT1 in human hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HCCA) progression are still unknown. Here, we investigated the role of MALAT1 in human HCCA cell lines and clinical tumor samples in order to determine the function of this lncRNA. In our research, lncRNA-MALAT1 was specifically upregulated in HCCA tissues and cell lines, and was associated with pathological T stage, a larger tumor size, and perineural invasion. Knockdown of MALAT1 inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of human HCCA cell. In addition, chemokine receptor-4 (CXCR4) was involved in MALAT1 induced human HCCA growth, migration, and invasion. By using online tools and a series of mechanistic analysis, we also demonstrated that miR-204-dependent CXCR4 regulation was required in MALAT1 modulating HCCA cell growth, migration and invasion. Taken together, our data indicated that MALAT1 might play an oncogenic role in HCCA through miR-204-dependent CXCR4 regulation, and could be regarded as a therapeutic target in HCCA. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 3643-3653, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Tan
- Department of Emergency, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha City 410000, China
| | - Zhiguo Huang
- Department of Emergency, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha City 410000, China
| | - Xiaogang Li
- Department of Emergency, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha City 410000, China
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Chen Y, Liu D, Liu P, Chen Y, Yu H, Zhang Q. Identification of biomarkers of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma via integrated analysis of mRNA and miRNA microarray data. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:1051-1056. [PMID: 28098904 PMCID: PMC5367350 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to identify potential therapeutic targets of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) via integrated analysis of gene (transcript version) and microRNA (miRNA/miR) expression. The miRNA microarray dataset GSE32957 contained miRNA expression data from 16 ICC, 7 mixed type of combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (CHC), 2 hepatic adenoma, 3 focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) and 5 healthy liver tissue samples, and 2 cholangiocarcinoma cell lines. In addition, the mRNA microarray dataset GSE32879 contained mRNA expression data from 16 ICC, 7 CHC, 2 hepatic adenoma, 5 FNH and 7 healthy liver tissue samples. The datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and miRNAs (DEMs) in ICC samples compared with healthy liver tissues were identified via the limma package, following data preprocessing. Genes that exhibited alternative splicing (AS) in ICC samples were identified via AltAnalyze software. Functional enrichment analysis of DEGs was performed using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Analysis. Target genes of DEMs were identified using the TargetScan database. The regulatory association between DEMs and any overlaps among DEGs, alternative splicing genes (ASGs) and target genes of DEMs were retrieved, and a network was visualized using the Cytoscape software. A total of 2,327 DEGs, 70 DEMs and 623 ASGs were obtained. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that DEGs were primarily enriched in biological processes and pathways associated with cell activity or the immune system. A total of 63 overlaps were obtained among DEGs, ASGs and target genes of DEMs, and a regulation network that contained 243 miRNA-gene regulation pairs was constructed between these overlaps and DEMs. The overlapped genes, including sprouty-related EVH1 domain containing 1, protein phosphate 1 regulatory subunit 12A, chromosome 20 open reading frame 194, and DEMs, including hsa-miR-96, hsa-miR-1 and hsa-miR-25, may be potential therapeutic targets for the future treatment of ICC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqing Chen
- Department of VIP Ward, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, P.R. China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Ultrasonic Imaging, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Department of Lymphoma, Sino‑US Center of Lymphoma and Leukemia, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Yajing Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baoding Xiongxian County Hospital, Baoding, Hebei 071000, P.R. China
| | - Huiling Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, P.R. China
| | - Quan Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, P.R. China
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27
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Wan M, Zhang FM, Li ZL, Kang PC, Jiang PM, Wang YM, Wang ZD, Zhong XY, Li CL, Wang H, Zhao SY, Cui YF. Identifying survival-associated ceRNA clusters in cholangiocarcinoma. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:1542-50. [PMID: 27432084 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) represent a novel layer regulations of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and genes that play important roles in cancer pathogenesis by binding microRNAs (miRNAs). However, the competition mechanism of ceRNAs in cholangiocarcinoma (CHOL) is not fully understood. In this study, we constructed a dysregulated ceRNA competitive network (CCEN) to globally characterize the competing difference between CHOL and normal tissues. Then, we integrated affinity propagation and Kaplan‑Meier (K-M) methods to identify functional clusters associated with survival. A total of 7 key ceRNA clusters were identified. Further functional annotation analyses found that Cluster23 and Cluster32 involved cell based functions, and the loss of ceRNA competitive relations in clusters may contribute to CHOL, by disturbing important biological processes, such as 'Pathway in cancer', MAPK and Neurotrophin signaling pathway. This study provides further insights into understanding the competitive mechanism of ceRNAs in CHOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wan
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Fu-Min Zhang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Zheng-Long Li
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Peng-Cheng Kang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Ping-Ming Jiang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Min Wang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Dong Wang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-Yu Zhong
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Long Li
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Yong Zhao
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Fu Cui
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, P.R. China
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28
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Yao J, Huang JX, Lin M, Wu ZD, Yu H, Wang PC, Ye J, Chen P, Wu J, Zhao GJ. Microarray expression profile analysis of aberrant long non-coding RNAs in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Oncol 2016; 48:2543-57. [PMID: 27035335 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) plays an important role in tumorigenesis. However, the function and regulatory mechanism of lncRNAs are still unclear in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). To address this challenge, we screened lncRNAs expression profiles in 3 pairs of ESCC and matched non-cancerous tissues by microarray assay and identified the relationship between lncRNAs expression in ESCC tissue and clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of patients with ESCC. We found 182 lncRNAs that were significantly differently expressed in ESCC tissues versus the matched non-cancerous tissues. Gene ontology and pathway analysis results suggested that the primary biological processes of these genes were involved in extracellular matrix, immune responses, cell differentiation and cell proliferation. Through cis and trans analyzing, we found 4 lncRNAs (ENST00000480669, NONHSAT104436, NONHSAT126998 and NONHSAT112918) may play important roles in tumorigenesis of ESCC. The four lncRNAs were checked in 73 patients with ESCC. The results showed that they mainly related to tumor metastasis. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that high expression of NONHSAT104436, NONHSAT126998 and low expression of ENST00000480669 were related to poor 3-year overall survival (P=0.003, 0.032 and 0.040, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that NONHSAT104436 was an independent prognostic factor (P=0.017). Thus we concluded that, lncRNAs showed differently expression patterns in ESCC versus matched non-cancerous tissues, and aberrantly expressed lncRNA may play important roles in ESCC development and progression. Interestingly, the overexpression of NONHSAT104436 was tightly correlated with distant metastasis and, poor survival rate, which might indicate that NONHSAT104436 might play a very important part in ESCC tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yao
- Department of Oncology, Taizhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong and Jiangsu University, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Xing Huang
- Department of Oncology, Taizhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong and Jiangsu University, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Mei Lin
- Department of Experiment Center, Taizhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong and Jiangsu University, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Zheng-Dong Wu
- Department of Oncology, Taizhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong and Jiangsu University, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of Pathology, Taizhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong and Jiangsu University, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Peng-Cheng Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Taizhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong and Jiangsu University, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Jun Ye
- Department of Experiment Center, Taizhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong and Jiangsu University, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Pathology, Taizhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong and Jiangsu University, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Oncology, The People's Hospital of Deyang, Chengdu University of TCM, Deyang, Sichuan 618000, P.R. China
| | - Guo-Jun Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Taizhou People's Hospital Affiliated to Nantong and Jiangsu University, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
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