1
|
Mavris N, Jaouni T, Amer R. Subretinal Fibrosis Developing 10 Years After First Presentation with Chronic Ocular Sarcoidosis in a Child. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2024:1-4. [PMID: 38865486 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2024.2363481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To provide a comprehensive overview of the diagnostic and therapeutic journey of a pediatric patient with persistent sarcoid-associated panuveitis over a 10-year period, who ultimately developed bilateral macular subretinal fibrosis and visual loss. METHODS Retrospective case report. RESULTS The patient was diagnosed with sarcoidosis after undergoing a transbronchial biopsy. She was followed up because of granulomatous panuveitis, multifocal choroiditis, and papillitis bilaterally. She maintained a stable condition, and visual acuity was 0.3 RE and 0.5 LE. Immunomodulatory therapy included prednisone, methotrexate, and adalimumab. The patient was lost to follow-up for 20 months because of the COVID-19 pandemic. She was represented with active uveitis and was not responding to TNF-ɑ inhibitors (adalimumab and infliximab). Ultimately, the patient's intraocular inflammation was successfully controlled by using intravitreal steroids (Triamcinolone and Fluocinolone acetonide implant). However, the visual outcome was guarded because of bilateral subretinal fibrosis. CONCLUSION 10% of patients with sarcoidosis-associated uveitis risk blindness in one eye. The index case progressed to sight-robbing bilateral subretinal fibrosis, a rare complication of ocular sarcoidosis despite a combination of conventional and biologic anti-inflammatory therapies. There is a pressing need to develop new treatment agents for refractory non-infectious uveitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neofytos Mavris
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tarek Jaouni
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Radgonde Amer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Enyedi EE, Petukhov PA, Kozuch AJ, Dudek SM, Toth A, Fagyas M, Danilov SM. ACE Phenotyping in Human Blood and Tissues: Revelation of ACE Outliers and Sex Differences in ACE Sialylation. Biomedicines 2024; 12:940. [PMID: 38790902 PMCID: PMC11117852 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12050940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) metabolizes a number of important peptides participating in blood pressure regulation and vascular remodeling. Elevated ACE expression in tissues (which is generally reflected by blood ACE levels) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Elevated blood ACE is also a marker for granulomatous diseases. Decreased blood ACE activity is becoming a new risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. We applied our novel approach-ACE phenotyping-to characterize pairs of tissues (lung, heart, lymph nodes) and serum ACE in 50 patients. ACE phenotyping includes (1) measurement of ACE activity with two substrates (ZPHL and HHL); (2) calculation of the ratio of hydrolysis of these substrates (ZPHL/HHL ratio); (3) determination of ACE immunoreactive protein levels using mAbs to ACE; and (4) ACE conformation with a set of mAbs to ACE. The ACE phenotyping approach in screening format with special attention to outliers, combined with analysis of sequencing data, allowed us to identify patient with a unique ACE phenotype related to decreased ability of inhibition of ACE activity by albumin, likely due to competition with high CCL18 in this patient for binding to ACE. We also confirmed recently discovered gender differences in sialylation of some glycosylation sites of ACE. ACE phenotyping is a promising new approach for the identification of ACE phenotype outliers with potential clinical significance, making it useful for screening in a personalized medicine approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enikő E. Enyedi
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Cardiology, University of Debrecen, 22 Moricz Zs., 4032 Debrecen, Hungary (A.T.)
- Kálmán Laki Doctoral School of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Pavel A. Petukhov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S. Wood Ave., Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Alexander J. Kozuch
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, CSB 915, MC 719, 840 S. Wood Ave., Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (A.J.K.); (S.M.D.)
| | - Steven M. Dudek
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, CSB 915, MC 719, 840 S. Wood Ave., Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (A.J.K.); (S.M.D.)
| | - Attila Toth
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Cardiology, University of Debrecen, 22 Moricz Zs., 4032 Debrecen, Hungary (A.T.)
| | - Miklós Fagyas
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Cardiology, University of Debrecen, 22 Moricz Zs., 4032 Debrecen, Hungary (A.T.)
| | - Sergei M. Danilov
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, CSB 915, MC 719, 840 S. Wood Ave., Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (A.J.K.); (S.M.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Della Zoppa M, Bertuccio FR, Campo I, Tousa F, Crescenzi M, Lettieri S, Mariani F, Corsico AG, Piloni D, Stella GM. Phenotypes and Serum Biomarkers in Sarcoidosis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:709. [PMID: 38611622 PMCID: PMC11011731 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14070709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disease, which is diagnosed on a compatible clinical presentation, non-necrotizing granulomatous inflammation in one or more tissue samples, and exclusion of alternative causes of granulomatous disease. Considering its heterogeneity, numerous aspects of the disease remain to be elucidated. In this context, the identification and integration of biomarkers may hold significance in clinical practice, aiding in appropriate selection of patients for targeted clinical trials. This work aims to discuss and analyze how validated biomarkers are currently integrated in disease category definitions. Future studies are mandatory to unravel the diverse contributions of genetics, socioeconomic status, environmental exposures, and other sociodemographic variables to disease severity and phenotypic presentation. Furthermore, the implementation of transcriptomics, multidisciplinary approaches, and consideration of patients' perspectives, reporting innovative insights, could be pivotal for a better understanding of disease pathogenesis and the optimization of clinical assistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Della Zoppa
- Pneumology Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Viale Golgi 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.D.Z.); (F.R.B.); (F.T.); (M.C.); (S.L.); (F.M.); (A.G.C.); (D.P.); (G.M.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapeutics, University of Pavia Medical School, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesco Rocco Bertuccio
- Pneumology Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Viale Golgi 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.D.Z.); (F.R.B.); (F.T.); (M.C.); (S.L.); (F.M.); (A.G.C.); (D.P.); (G.M.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapeutics, University of Pavia Medical School, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Ilaria Campo
- Pneumology Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Viale Golgi 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.D.Z.); (F.R.B.); (F.T.); (M.C.); (S.L.); (F.M.); (A.G.C.); (D.P.); (G.M.S.)
| | - Fady Tousa
- Pneumology Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Viale Golgi 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.D.Z.); (F.R.B.); (F.T.); (M.C.); (S.L.); (F.M.); (A.G.C.); (D.P.); (G.M.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapeutics, University of Pavia Medical School, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Crescenzi
- Pneumology Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Viale Golgi 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.D.Z.); (F.R.B.); (F.T.); (M.C.); (S.L.); (F.M.); (A.G.C.); (D.P.); (G.M.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapeutics, University of Pavia Medical School, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Sara Lettieri
- Pneumology Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Viale Golgi 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.D.Z.); (F.R.B.); (F.T.); (M.C.); (S.L.); (F.M.); (A.G.C.); (D.P.); (G.M.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapeutics, University of Pavia Medical School, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Mariani
- Pneumology Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Viale Golgi 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.D.Z.); (F.R.B.); (F.T.); (M.C.); (S.L.); (F.M.); (A.G.C.); (D.P.); (G.M.S.)
| | - Angelo Guido Corsico
- Pneumology Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Viale Golgi 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.D.Z.); (F.R.B.); (F.T.); (M.C.); (S.L.); (F.M.); (A.G.C.); (D.P.); (G.M.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapeutics, University of Pavia Medical School, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Davide Piloni
- Pneumology Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Viale Golgi 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.D.Z.); (F.R.B.); (F.T.); (M.C.); (S.L.); (F.M.); (A.G.C.); (D.P.); (G.M.S.)
| | - Giulia Maria Stella
- Pneumology Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Viale Golgi 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.D.Z.); (F.R.B.); (F.T.); (M.C.); (S.L.); (F.M.); (A.G.C.); (D.P.); (G.M.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapeutics, University of Pavia Medical School, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Danilov SM, Adzhubei IA, Kozuch AJ, Petukhov PA, Popova IA, Choudhury A, Sengupta D, Dudek SM. Carriers of Heterozygous Loss-of-Function ACE Mutations Are at Risk for Alzheimer's Disease. Biomedicines 2024; 12:162. [PMID: 38255267 PMCID: PMC10813023 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that subjects with heterozygous loss-of-function (LoF) ACE mutations are at risk for Alzheimer's disease because amyloid Aβ42, a primary component of the protein aggregates that accumulate in the brains of AD patients, is cleaved by ACE (angiotensin I-converting enzyme). Thus, decreased ACE activity in the brain, either due to genetic mutation or the effects of ACE inhibitors, could be a risk factor for AD. To explore this hypothesis in the current study, existing SNP databases were analyzed for LoF ACE mutations using four predicting tools, including PolyPhen-2, and compared with the topology of known ACE mutations already associated with AD. The combined frequency of >400 of these LoF-damaging ACE mutations in the general population is quite significant-up to 5%-comparable to the frequency of AD in the population > 70 y.o., which indicates that the contribution of low ACE in the development of AD could be under appreciated. Our analysis suggests several mechanisms by which ACE mutations may be associated with Alzheimer's disease. Systematic analysis of blood ACE levels in patients with all ACE mutations is likely to have clinical significance because available sequencing data will help detect persons with increased risk of late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Patients with transport-deficient ACE mutations (about 20% of damaging ACE mutations) may benefit from preventive or therapeutic treatment with a combination of chemical and pharmacological (e.g., centrally acting ACE inhibitors) chaperones and proteosome inhibitors to restore impaired surface ACE expression, as was shown previously by our group for another transport-deficient ACE mutation-Q1069R.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergei M. Danilov
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (A.J.K.); (S.M.D.)
| | - Ivan A. Adzhubei
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Alexander J. Kozuch
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (A.J.K.); (S.M.D.)
| | - Pavel A. Petukhov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Isolda A. Popova
- Toxicology Research Laboratory, University of Illinois Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Ananyo Choudhury
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; (A.C.); (D.S.)
| | - Dhriti Sengupta
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa; (A.C.); (D.S.)
| | - Steven M. Dudek
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (A.J.K.); (S.M.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zheng SY, Du X, Dong JZ. Re-evaluating serum angiotensin-converting enzyme in sarcoidosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:950095. [PMID: 37868968 PMCID: PMC10586325 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.950095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a systemic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology, which mainly affects the lungs and lymph nodes, as well as extrapulmonary organs. Its incidence, and prevalence rate, and disease course largely vary with regions and populations globally. The clinical manifestations of sarcoidosis depend on the affected organs and the degree of severity, and the diagnosis is mainly based on serum biomarkers, radiographic, magnetic resonance, or positron emission tomography imaging, and pathological biopsy. Noncaseating granulomas composing T cells, macrophages, epithelioid cells, and giant cells, were observed in a pathological biopsy, which was the characteristic pathological manifestation of sarcoidosis. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) was first found in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Its main function is to convert angiotensin I (Ang I) into Ang II, which plays an important role in regulating blood pressure. Also, an ACE insertion/deletion polymorphism exists in the human genome, which is involved in the occurrence and development of many diseases, including hypertension, heart failure, and sarcoidosis. The serum ACE level, most commonly used as a biomarker in diagnosing sarcoidosis, in patients with sarcoidosis increases. because of epithelioid cells and giant cells of sarcoid granuloma expressing ACE. Thus, it serves as the most commonly used biomarker in the diagnosis of sarcoidosis and also aids in analyzing its therapeutic effect and prognosis in patients with sarcoidosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shi-yue Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Du
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-zeng Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Karadeniz H, Güler AA, Kardaş RC, Karadeniz M, Paşaoğlu H, Küçük H, Göker B, Tufan A, Öztürk MA. Investigation of the value of hematological biomarkers in the clinical differential diagnosis of IgG4-RD. Turk J Med Sci 2023; 53:666-674. [PMID: 37476904 PMCID: PMC10388108 DOI: 10.55730/1300-0144.5629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND IgG4- related disease (IgG4- RD) is a systemic fibroinflammatory disease whose pathogenesis has not been completely elucidated. Due to the novelty and complexity of the diagnostic criteria, it is difficult to distinguish from the diseases included in the differential diagnosis without tissue biopsy. This study aimed to discover new biomarkers that can help for disease diagnosis and its differential diagnosis by reviewing the relationships between neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), and systemic inflammation response index (SIRI). METHODS Thirty IgG4- RD, 38 granulomatous polyangiitis (GPA), and 46 sarcoidosis patients presenting to the Rheumatology Clinic meeting the criteria of 2019 American College of Rheumatology, 2012 International Chapel Hill and 1999 American Thoracic Society meeting, respectively, and 27 healthy control subjects were included. We collected data on complete blood count with automated differential values including NLR, PLR, SII, and SIRI. RESULTS The SII and PLR values were significantly higher in patients with IgG4-RD compared to healthy controls, (SII median (minmax) 572 (102-5583) vs. 434 (172-897), PLR median (min-max) 130 (56.8-546) vs. 104 (57.5- 253) p < 0.001). SII value was found to have a significant positive correlation with CRP in IgG4-RD disease (r = 0.371; p = 0.043). While SII, SIRI, NLR, PLR parameters were not significant between the IgG4-RD and sarcoidosis groups, SII, SIRI, NLR, PLR were significantly higher in patients with GPA than in IgG4-RD patients (p < 0.001). DISCUSSION This is the first study to review the SII, SIRI, NLR, and PLR in IgG4-RD. The obtained results suggest that the SII could beused as a new tool, for differential diagnosis and activity of the IgG4-RD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hazan Karadeniz
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aslihan Avanoğlu Güler
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Rıza Can Kardaş
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Muzaffer Karadeniz
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kızılcahamam State Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hatice Paşaoğlu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hamit Küçük
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Berna Göker
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Abdurrahman Tufan
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Akif Öztürk
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kozuch AJ, Petukhov PA, Fagyas M, Popova IA, Lindeblad MO, Bobkov AP, Kamalov AA, Toth A, Dudek SM, Danilov SM. Urinary ACE Phenotyping as a Research and Diagnostic Tool: Identification of Sex-Dependent ACE Immunoreactivity. Biomedicines 2023; 11:953. [PMID: 36979933 PMCID: PMC10045976 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is highly expressed in renal proximal tubules, but ACE activity/levels in the urine are at least 100-fold lower than in the blood. Decreased proximal tubular ACE has been associated with renal tubular damage in both animal models and clinical studies. Because ACE is shed into urine primarily from proximal tubule epithelial cells, its urinary ACE measurement may be useful as an index of tubular damage. OBJECTIVE AND METHODOLOGY We applied our novel approach-ACE phenotyping-to characterize urinary ACE in volunteer subjects. ACE phenotyping includes (1) determination of ACE activity using two substrates (ZPHL and HHL); (2) calculation of the ratio of hydrolysis of the two substrates (ZPHL/HHL ratio); (3) quantification of ACE immunoreactive protein levels; and (4) fine mapping of local ACE conformation with mAbs to ACE. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In normal volunteers, urinary ACE activity was 140-fold less than in corresponding plasma/serum samples and did not differ between males and females. However, urinary ACE immunoreactivity (normalized binding of 25 mAbs to different epitopes) was strongly sex-dependent for the several mAbs tested, an observation likely explained by differences in tissue ACE glycosylation/sialylation between males and females. Urinary ACE phenotyping also allowed the identification of ACE outliers. In addition, daily variability of urinary ACE has potential utility as a feedback marker for dieting individuals pursuing weight loss. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Urinary ACE phenotyping is a promising new approach with potential clinical significance to advance precision medicine screening techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. Kozuch
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, CSB 915, MC 719, 840 S. Wood Ave., Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Pavel A. Petukhov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S Wood St, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Miklos Fagyas
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Cardiology, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 94, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Isolda A. Popova
- Toxicology Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood Ave., Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Matthew O. Lindeblad
- Toxicology Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood Ave., Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | | | | | - Attila Toth
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Cardiology, University of Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 94, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Steven M. Dudek
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, CSB 915, MC 719, 840 S. Wood Ave., Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Sergei M. Danilov
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, CSB 915, MC 719, 840 S. Wood Ave., Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Medical Center, Moscow University, Moscow 119435, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Danilov SM, Jain MS, A. Petukhov P, Kurilova OV, Ilinsky VV, Trakhtman PE, Dadali EL, Samokhodskaya LM, Kamalov AA, Kost OA. Blood ACE Phenotyping for Personalized Medicine: Revelation of Patients with Conformationally Altered ACE. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020534. [PMID: 36831070 PMCID: PMC9953529 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) metabolizes a number of important peptides participating in blood pressure regulation and vascular remodeling. Elevated blood ACE is a marker for granulomatous diseases and elevated ACE expression in tissues is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Objective and Methodology: We applied a novel approach -ACE phenotyping-to find a reason for conformationally impaired ACE in the blood of one particular donor. Similar conformationally altered ACEs were detected previously in 2-4% of the healthy population and in up to 20% of patients with uremia, and were characterized by significant increase in the rate of angiotensin I hydrolysis. Principal findings: This donor has (1) significantly increased level of endogenous ACE inhibitor in plasma with MW less than 1000; (2) increased activity toward angiotensin I; (3) M71V mutation in ABCG2 (membrane transporter for more than 200 compounds, including bilirubin). We hypothesize that this patient may also have the decreased level of free bilirubin in plasma, which normally binds to the N domain of ACE. Analysis of the local conformation of ACE in plasma of patients with Gilbert and Crigler-Najjar syndromes allowed us to speculate that binding of mAbs 1G12 and 6A12 to plasma ACE could be a natural sensor for estimation of free bilirubin level in plasma. Totally, 235 human plasma/sera samples were screened for conformational changes in soluble ACE. Conclusions/Significance: ACE phenotyping of plasma samples allows us to identify individuals with conformationally altered ACE. This type of screening has clinical significance because this conformationally altered ACE could not only result in the enhancement of the level of angiotensin II but could also serve as an indicator of free bilirubin levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergei M. Danilov
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Medical Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Mark S. Jain
- Medical Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel A. Petukhov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Olga V. Kurilova
- Medical Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Pavel E. Trakhtman
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Armais A. Kamalov
- Medical Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga A. Kost
- Chemistry Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dardis A, Michelakakis H, Rozenfeld P, Fumic K, Wagner J, Pavan E, Fuller M, Revel-Vilk S, Hughes D, Cox T, Aerts J. Patient centered guidelines for the laboratory diagnosis of Gaucher disease type 1. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:442. [PMID: 36544230 PMCID: PMC9768924 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02573-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder due to the deficient activity of the acid beta-glucosidase (GCase) enzyme, resulting in the progressive lysosomal accumulation of glucosylceramide (GlcCer) and its deacylated derivate, glucosylsphingosine (GlcSph). GCase is encoded by the GBA1 gene, located on chromosome 1q21 16 kb upstream from a highly homologous pseudogene. To date, more than 400 GBA1 pathogenic variants have been reported, many of them derived from recombination events between the gene and the pseudogene. In the last years, the increased access to new technologies has led to an exponential growth in the number of diagnostic laboratories offering GD testing. However, both biochemical and genetic diagnosis of GD are challenging and to date no specific evidence-based guidelines for the laboratory diagnosis of GD have been published. The objective of the guidelines presented here is to provide evidence-based recommendations for the technical implementation and interpretation of biochemical and genetic testing for the diagnosis of GD to ensure a timely and accurate diagnosis for patients with GD worldwide. The guidelines have been developed by members of the Diagnostic Working group of the International Working Group of Gaucher Disease (IWGGD), a non-profit network established to promote clinical and basic research into GD for the ultimate purpose of improving the lives of patients with this disease. One of the goals of the IWGGD is to support equitable access to diagnosis of GD and to standardize procedures to ensure an accurate diagnosis. Therefore, a guideline development group consisting of biochemists and geneticists working in the field of GD diagnosis was established and a list of topics to be discussed was selected. In these guidelines, twenty recommendations are provided based on information gathered through a systematic review of the literature and two different diagnostic algorithms are presented, considering the geographical differences in the access to diagnostic services. Besides, several gaps in the current diagnostic workflow were identified and actions to fulfill them were taken within the IWGGD. We believe that the implementation of recommendations provided in these guidelines will promote an equitable, timely and accurate diagnosis for patients with GD worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. Dardis
- grid.411492.bRegional Coordinator Centre for Rare Disease, University Hospital of Udine, P.Le Santa Maria Della Misericordia 15, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - H. Michelakakis
- grid.414709.f0000 0004 0383 4326Department of Enzymology and Cellular Function, Institute of Child Health, Athens, Greece
| | - P. Rozenfeld
- grid.9499.d0000 0001 2097 3940Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos Y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), UNLP, CONICET, Asociado CIC PBA, La Plata, Argentina
| | - K. Fumic
- grid.412688.10000 0004 0397 9648Department for Laboratory Diagnostics, University Hospital Centre Zagreb and School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - J. Wagner
- grid.412680.90000 0001 1015 399XDepartment of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, J.J. Strossmayer University, Osijek, Croatia ,International Gaucher Alliance, Dursley, UK
| | - E. Pavan
- grid.411492.bRegional Coordinator Centre for Rare Disease, University Hospital of Udine, P.Le Santa Maria Della Misericordia 15, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - M. Fuller
- grid.1010.00000 0004 1936 7304Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology at Women’s and Children’s Hospital and Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia
| | - S. Revel-Vilk
- grid.415593.f0000 0004 0470 7791Gaucher Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel ,grid.9619.70000 0004 1937 0538Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - D. Hughes
- grid.437485.90000 0001 0439 3380Lysosomal Storage Disorders Unit, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust and University College London, London, UK
| | - T. Cox
- grid.5335.00000000121885934Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - J. Aerts
- grid.5132.50000 0001 2312 1970Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Danilov SM, Kurilova OV, Sinitsyn VE, Kamalov AA, Garcia JGN, Dudek SM. Predictive potential of ACE phenotyping in extrapulmonary sarcoidosis. Respir Res 2022; 23:211. [PMID: 35996109 PMCID: PMC9396819 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02145-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated ACE expression in tissues (reflected by blood ACE levels) is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and is also a marker for granulomatous diseases. We developed a new approach for characterization of ACE status in the blood—ACE phenotyping and established normal values of ACE levels 50–150% of control pooled plasma. ACE phenotyping was performed in citrated plasma of 120 patients with known interstitial lung diseases. In the 1st set of 100 patients we found 22 patients with ACE levels > 150%; ACE phenotyping also objectively identified the presence of ACE inhibitors in the plasma of 15 patients. After excluding these patients and patient with ACE mutation that increases ACE shedding, 17 patients were identified as a suspicious for systemic sarcoidosis based on elevation of blood ACE (> 150% of mean). A new parameter that we have established–ACE immunoreactivity (with mAb 9B9)—allowed us to detect 22 patients with decreased values (< 80%) of this parameter, which may indicate the presence of ACE in the blood that originates from macrophages/dendritic cells of granulomas. In the remaining 20 patients, this new parameter (mAbs binding/activity ratio) was calculated using 3 mAbs (9B9, 3A5 and i1A8—having overlapping epitopes), and 8 patients were identified as having decreases in this parameter, thus increasing dramatically the sensitivity for detection of patients with systemic sarcoidosis. Whole body PET scan confirmed extrapulmonary granulomas in some patients with lower immunoreactivity towards anti-ACE mAbs. ACE phenotyping has novel potential to noninvasively detect patients with systemic sarcoidosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergei M Danilov
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, CSB 915, MC 719, 840 S. Wood Ave., Chicago, IL, 60612, USA. .,Medical Center, Moscow University, Moscow, Russia. .,University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | - Steven M Dudek
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, CSB 915, MC 719, 840 S. Wood Ave., Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lubbe L, Sewell BT, Woodward JD, Sturrock ED. Cryo-EM reveals mechanisms of angiotensin I-converting enzyme allostery and dimerization. EMBO J 2022; 41:e110550. [PMID: 35818993 PMCID: PMC9379546 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021110550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension (high blood pressure) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, which is the leading cause of death worldwide. The somatic isoform of angiotensin I‐converting enzyme (sACE) plays a critical role in blood pressure regulation, and ACE inhibitors are thus widely used to treat hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Our current understanding of sACE structure, dynamics, function, and inhibition has been limited because truncated, minimally glycosylated forms of sACE are typically used for X‐ray crystallography and molecular dynamics simulations. Here, we report the first cryo‐EM structures of full‐length, glycosylated, soluble sACE (sACES1211). Both monomeric and dimeric forms of the highly flexible apo enzyme were reconstructed from a single dataset. The N‐ and C‐terminal domains of monomeric sACES1211 were resolved at 3.7 and 4.1 Å, respectively, while the interacting N‐terminal domains responsible for dimer formation were resolved at 3.8 Å. Mechanisms are proposed for intradomain hinging, cooperativity, and homodimerization. Furthermore, the observation that both domains were in the open conformation has implications for the design of sACE modulators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lizelle Lubbe
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Bryan Trevor Sewell
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Electron Microscope Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jeremy D Woodward
- Electron Microscope Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Edward D Sturrock
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Samokhodskaya LM, Jain MS, Kurilova OV, Bobkov AP, Kamalov AA, Dudek SM, Danilov SM. Phenotyping Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme in Blood: A Necessary Approach for Precision Medicine. J Appl Lab Med 2021; 6:1179-1191. [PMID: 34097042 PMCID: PMC10949476 DOI: 10.1093/jalm/jfab032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) metabolizes a number of important peptides participating in blood pressure regulation and vascular remodeling. Elevated ACE expression in tissues (which is generally reflected by ACE in blood) is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Elevated ACE in blood is also a marker for granulomatous diseases. METHODS We applied our novel approach-ACE phenotyping-to characterize serum ACE in 300 unrelated patients and to establish normal values for ACE levels. ACE phenotyping includes (a) determination of ACE activity with 2 substrates (Z-Phe-His-Leu [ZPHL] and Hip-His-Leu [HHL]), (b) calculation of a ratio for hydrolysis of ZPHL and HHL, and (c) quantification of ACE immunoreactive protein levels and ACE conformation with a set of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to ACE. RESULTS Only a combination of ACE activity determination with 2 substrates and quantification of the amount of ACE immunoreactive protein with mAbs 1G12 and 9B9 allows for the unequivocal detection of the presence of ACE inhibitors in the blood. After excluding such subjects, we were able to establish normal values of ACE in healthy populations: 50%-150% from control pooled serum. This ACE phenotyping approach in screening format with special attention to outliers can also identify patients with various mutations in ACE and may help to identify the as yet unknown ACE secretase or other mechanistic details of precise regulation of ACE expression. CONCLUSIONS ACE phenotyping is a promising new approach with potential clinical significance to advance precision medicine screening techniques by establishing different risk groups based on ACE phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark S. Jain
- Medical Center, Moscow University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | - Steven M. Dudek
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sergei M. Danilov
- Medical Center, Moscow University, Moscow, Russia
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Popova IA, Lubbe L, Petukhov PA, Kalantarov GF, Trakht IN, Chernykh ER, Leplina OY, Lyubimov AV, Garcia JGN, Dudek SM, Sturrock ED, Danilov SM. Epitope mapping of novel monoclonal antibodies to human angiotensin I-converting enzyme. Protein Sci 2021; 30:1577-1593. [PMID: 33931897 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE, CD143) plays a crucial role in blood pressure regulation, vascular remodeling, and immunity. A wide spectrum of mAbs to different epitopes on the N and C domains of human ACE have been generated and used to study different aspects of ACE biology, including establishing a novel approach-conformational fingerprinting. Here we characterized a novel set of 14 mAbs, developed against human seminal fluid ACE. The epitopes for these novel mAbs were defined using recombinant ACE constructs with truncated N and C domains, species cross-reactivity, ACE mutagenesis, and competition with the previously mapped anti-ACE mAbs. Nine mAbs recognized regions on the N domain, and 5 mAbs-on the C domain of ACE. The epitopes for most of these novel mAbs partially overlap with epitopes mapped onto ACE by the previously generated mAbs, whereas mAb 8H1 recognized yet unmapped region on the C domain where three ACE mutations associated with Alzheimer's disease are localized and is a marker for ACE mutation T877M. mAb 2H4 could be considered as a specific marker for ACE in dendritic cells. This novel set of mAbs can identify even subtle changes in human ACE conformation caused by tissue-specific glycosylation of ACE or mutations, and can detect human somatic and testicular ACE in biological fluids and tissues. Furthermore, the high reactivity of these novel mAbs provides an opportunity to study changes in the pattern of ACE expression or glycosylation in different tissues, cells, and diseases, such as sarcoidosis and Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isolda A Popova
- Recombinant Protein Production Core (rPPC), Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Lizelle Lubbe
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Pavel A Petukhov
- School of Pharmacy, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Ilya N Trakht
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Elena R Chernykh
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunotherapy, Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Olga Y Leplina
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunotherapy, Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alex V Lyubimov
- Toxicology Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Joe G N Garcia
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Steven M Dudek
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Edward D Sturrock
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sergei M Danilov
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Medical Center, Moscow University, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|