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Khumtub K, Sumpavong P, Satchasataporn K, Fa-Ngoen C, Kaewmongkol S, Kaewmongkol G. TRP36-ELISA for E. canis detection: Concordance with TaqMan real-time PCR and point-of-care testing. Heliyon 2024; 10:e39652. [PMID: 39524768 PMCID: PMC11550044 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Revised: 10/14/2024] [Accepted: 10/21/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Ehrlichia canis, a widely distributed tick-borne pathogen, requires prompt and accurate diagnosis for effective management. Real-time PCR serves as the reference standard for diagnosing E. canis infection, whereas serological tests are crucial for detecting antibody responses indicative of infection or post-exposure status. Early detection during the acute phase of the disease is essential for optimal treatment and recovery. E. canis Tandem Repeat Protein 36 (TRP36) elicits early acute phase responses. We developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using recombinant TRP36 to detect IgM and IgG antibodies against E. canis. We assessed the diagnostic agreement, sensitivity, and specificity of the rTRP36-ELISA and a commercial test kit (SNAP 4Dx Plus Test) with TaqMan Real-time PCR (qPCR) using the NCSS 2023 program version 23.0.1. Leftover serum samples from 32 dogs at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital were randomly selected and examined for E. canis infection using qPCR, rTRP36-ELISA, and SNAP 4Dx Plus Test. qPCR detected positive results in 12 (37.5 %), whereas ELISA and SNAP 4Dx Plus detected positive results in 10 (31.25 %) and 13 (40.62 %), respectively. Moderate agreement (κ = 0.545) was observed between rTRP36-ELISA and qPCR, and fair agreement (κ = 0.379) between SNAP 4Dx Plus and qPCR. Substantial agreement (κ = 0.79) was found between rTRP36-ELISA and SNAP 4Dx Plus. Compared to qPCR, the sensitivity and specificity of rTRP36-ELISA were 70 % and 77.27 %, respectively, compared to 53.85 % and 73.86 %, respectively, for SNAP 4Dx Plus. Our findings suggest that TRP36 is a promising antigen for E. canis serodiagnosis, potentially improving sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitjawan Khumtub
- Department of Veterinary Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Peeravit Sumpavong
- Department of Veterinary Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Khomsan Satchasataporn
- Department of Veterinary Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chanon Fa-Ngoen
- Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sarawan Kaewmongkol
- Department of Veterinary Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Gunn Kaewmongkol
- Department of Companion Animals Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Zorzo C, Pereira NA, Hongyu K, Aguiar DM. Correlation between canine biochemical analytes and TRP36 ELISA seropositivity for Ehrlichia canis in Brazil. Vet Clin Pathol 2023; 52:621-627. [PMID: 37488073 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synthetic peptides of tandem repeat proteins (TRPs) have been employed in the serologic analysis of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME) and used in epidemiological studies in Brazil. Based on molecular studies of TRPs, different genotypes of Ehrlichia canis have been described, but data on their pathogenicity remain unknown. OBJECTIVES To correlate hepatic, renal, and muscular alterations in relation to different genotypes of E. canis in naturally exposed dogs using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with TRP19 and TRP36 synthetic protein antigens. METHODS Two hundred serum samples were subjected to ELISA with the antigens of TRP19 and three genotypes (US, Br, and CR) of TRP36 of E. canis circulating in Brazil. Positive sera were evaluated through eight biochemical parameters, and the results were evaluated by principal component analysis and canonical correlation. RESULTS ELISA revealed that 47 (23.5%) serum samples reacted to the BrTRP36 peptide, 36 (18%) reacted to the TRP19 peptide, and 8 (4%) reacted to the USTRP36 and CRTRP36 peptides separately. The most frequent biochemical alterations observed were for CK (59.4%), ALB (31.8%), GLO (28.9%), TP (28.9%), ALP (26%), urea (24.6%), creatinine (14.4%), and ALT (14.4%). The most prominent diagnostic method in canonical correlation analysis was BrTRP36, followed by TRP19, which correlated with hyperglobulinemia and hypoalbuminemia. CONCLUSIONS Antibodies that reacted against the Brazilian genotype of E. canis correlated positively with hyperglobulinemia and increases in serum urea and creatinine. According to our results, the Brazilian genotype of E. canis is related to the chronic phase of CME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Zorzo
- Laboratory of Virology and Rickettsial Infections, Veterinary Hospital, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil
| | - Nathalia A Pereira
- Laboratory of Virology and Rickettsial Infections, Veterinary Hospital, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil
| | - Kuang Hongyu
- Statistics Department, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil
| | - Daniel M Aguiar
- Laboratory of Virology and Rickettsial Infections, Veterinary Hospital, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil
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Taques IIGG, Melo ALT, Horta MC, Pereira NA, Aguiar DM. Serological Evidence Supporting the Occurrence of Ehrlichia chaffeensis or a Closely Related Species in Brazilian Dogs. Pathogens 2023; 12:1024. [PMID: 37623984 PMCID: PMC10458213 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12081024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Ehrlichia chaffeensis is a tick-borne bacterium that causes human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis, an emerging life-threatening disease in humans transmitted by Amblyomma americanum. Although most studies have reported bacterial isolations and clinical cases in the United States, their occurrence is not restricted to North America. Some studies in the Southern Cone of South America have molecularly detected a close phylogenetic relative of E. chaffeensis in ticks and wild mammals. Even so, many gaps must be filled to confirm the presence of this agent in the region. To add new data on this issue, we report the first detection of specific anti-E. chaffeensis antibodies in dogs collected from all regions of Brazil. By means of IFA and ELISA with crude and specific antigens of E. chaffeensis, sera from 1134 dogs were analyzed. Serological analyses using ELISA showed nine (0.7%) seropositive dogs, with seven of them exhibiting IFA titers ranging from 160 to 5120. All regions of Brazil had at least one seropositive dog. Our results support the evidence for the occurrence of E. chaffeensis in South America. As dogs have a close relationship with humans, they can be used as an environmental sentinel for these infections because they can act as a bridge to human parasitism or infection with ehrlichial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isis Indaiara Gonçalves Granjeiro Taques
- Laboratory of Virology and Rickettsial Infections, Veterinary Hospital, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Av. Fernando Correa da Costa 2367, Cuiabá 78090-900, MT, Brazil; (I.I.G.G.T.); (N.A.P.)
| | | | - Mauricio Claudio Horta
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, Federal University of São Francisco Valley, Petrolina 56304-917, PE, Brazil;
| | - Nathalia Assis Pereira
- Laboratory of Virology and Rickettsial Infections, Veterinary Hospital, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Av. Fernando Correa da Costa 2367, Cuiabá 78090-900, MT, Brazil; (I.I.G.G.T.); (N.A.P.)
- VetVida Veterinary Center of Diagnostic and Research, Cuiabá 78045-100, MT, Brazil
| | - Daniel Moura Aguiar
- Laboratory of Virology and Rickettsial Infections, Veterinary Hospital, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Av. Fernando Correa da Costa 2367, Cuiabá 78090-900, MT, Brazil; (I.I.G.G.T.); (N.A.P.)
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Borges KIN, Pereira NDA, Aguiar DMD, Taques IIGG, Alves-Ribeiro BS, Ramos DGDS, Braga ÍA. Costa Rican Genotype of Ehrlichia canis: A Current Concern. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10050316. [PMID: 37235399 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10050316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME) is endemic to Brazil, and studies have verified that dogs have been exposed to different genotypes of Ehrlichia canis. This genetic divergence can influence the clinical response of the animals. We aimed to describe clinical and hematological changes in 125 dogs that reacted to BrTRP36, USTRP36, and CRTRP36 genotypes through enzyme immunoassays and to highlight the current concern regarding infection by the Costa Rican genotype. The results showed that 52.0% reacted to the Brazilian genotype, 22.4% reacted to the Costa Rican genotype, and 16.0% reacted to the American genotype, and some co-reactions were observed. Dogs reactive to BrTRP36 were 1.24% more likely to present with medullary regeneration in cases of anemia and 3% less likely to manifest hyperproteinemia, while dogs reactive to CRTRP36 were 0.7% less likely to present with medullary regeneration. Febrile illness and neurological alterations were also statistically associated, with an 85.7% and 231.2% increased likelihood, respectively, to occur in dogs that reacted to USTRP36. The dogs with the American genotype developed clinical manifestations related to systemic inflammation, while those with the Brazilian genotype of E. canis were more dispersed in the region studied, showing greater adaptation to the hosts. We highlight the significant serocurrence of the Costa Rican genotype, which has already been described to have zoonotic potential and which showed less adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Irigaray Nogueira Borges
- Veterinary Medicine College, Basic Unit of Bioscience, Mineiros University Center, 22nd Street s/n, Mineiros 75833-130, GO, Brazil
| | - Nathalia de Assis Pereira
- Virology and Rickettsioses Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Medicine College, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Fernando Correa da Costa Avenue 2367, Cuiabá 78060-900, MT, Brazil
| | - Daniel Moura de Aguiar
- Virology and Rickettsioses Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Medicine College, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Fernando Correa da Costa Avenue 2367, Cuiabá 78060-900, MT, Brazil
| | | | - Bruna Samara Alves-Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology and Parasitology, Academic Unit of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Jataí, Jataí 75801-615, GO, Brazil
| | - Dirceu Guilherme de Souza Ramos
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology and Parasitology, Academic Unit of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Jataí, Jataí 75801-615, GO, Brazil
| | - Ísis Assis Braga
- Veterinary Medicine College, Basic Unit of Bioscience, Mineiros University Center, 22nd Street s/n, Mineiros 75833-130, GO, Brazil
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology and Parasitology, Academic Unit of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Jataí, Jataí 75801-615, GO, Brazil
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Aguilar-Montes de Oca S, Montes-de-Oca-Jiménez R, Carlos Vázquez-Chagoyán J, Barbabosa-Pliego A, Eliana Rivadeneira-Barreiro P, C. Zambrano-Rodríguez P. The Use of Peptides in Veterinary Serodiagnosis of Infectious Diseases: A Review. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9100561. [PMID: 36288174 PMCID: PMC9610506 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9100561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptides constitute an alternative and interesting option to develop treatments, vaccines, and diagnostic tools as they demonstrate their scope in several health aspects; as proof of this, commercial peptides for humans and animals are available on the market and used daily. This review aimed to know the role of peptides in the field of veterinary diagnosis, and include peptide-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (pELISA), lateral flow devices, and peptide latex agglutination tests that have been developed to detect several pathogens including viruses and bacteria of health and production relevance in domestic animals. Studies in cattle, small ruminants, dogs, cats, poultry, horses, and even aquatic organisms were reviewed. Different studies showed good levels of sensitivity and specificity against their target, moreover, comparisons with commercial kits and official tests were performed which allowed appraising their performance. Chemical synthesis, recombinant DNA technology, and enzymatic synthesis were reviewed as well as their advantages and drawbacks. In addition, we discussed the intrinsic limitations such as the small size or affinity to polystyrene membrane and mention several strategies to overcome these problems. The use of peptides will increase in the coming years and their utility for diagnostic purposes in animals must be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saúl Aguilar-Montes de Oca
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco, Km 15.5, Toluca 50200, CP, Mexico
| | - Roberto Montes-de-Oca-Jiménez
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco, Km 15.5, Toluca 50200, CP, Mexico
- Correspondence:
| | - Juan Carlos Vázquez-Chagoyán
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco, Km 15.5, Toluca 50200, CP, Mexico
| | - Alberto Barbabosa-Pliego
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Carretera Toluca-Atlacomulco, Km 15.5, Toluca 50200, CP, Mexico
| | | | - Pablo C. Zambrano-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo 130105, Ecuador
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Braga ÍA, Taques IIGG, Grontoski EC, de Oliveira Dias IS, Pereira NA, de Souza Ramos DG, Dantas-Torres F, de Aguiar DM. Exposure of Domestic Cats to Distinct Ehrlichia canis TRP Genotypes. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8120310. [PMID: 34941837 PMCID: PMC8707923 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8120310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cats naturally exposed to Ehrlichia canis have been described in different regions of the world, but little is known about the genotypes associated with infection in these animals. To detect E. canis-specific antibodies and investigate the E. canis TRP genotypes in cats, serum samples from 76 domestic cats reactive to crude E. canis antigens by the indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT) were analyzed by ELISA, using E. canis-specific peptides (i.e., TRP19 and TRP36 /BR/US/CR). Of these, 25 (32.9%) cats reacted to at least one TRP peptide, confirming their specific exposure to E. canis. Eighteen (23.7%) cats reacted to TRP19, 15 (19.8%) to BRTRP36, and 11 (14.5%) to USTRP36, but none of them reacted to CRTRP36. Eight (10.5%) cats reacted to TRP19 but not to any TRP36 genotype, demonstrating the possible existence of a new E. canis genotype infecting felines. Nevertheless, this study provides the first report of anti-E. canis-specific antibodies in domestic cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ísis Assis Braga
- Veterinary Medicine College, Basic Unit of Bioscience, Mineiros University Center, 22nd Street s/n, Mineiros 75833-130, Goiás, Brazil;
- Virology and Rickettsioses Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Medicine College, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Fernando Correa da Costa Avenue 2367, Cuiabá 78060-900, Mato Grosso, Brazil; (I.I.G.G.T.); (E.C.G.); (I.S.d.O.D.); (N.A.P.)
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology and Parasitology, Academic Unit of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Jataí, Jataí 75801-615, Goiás, Brazil;
| | - Isis Indaiara Gonçalves Granjeiro Taques
- Virology and Rickettsioses Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Medicine College, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Fernando Correa da Costa Avenue 2367, Cuiabá 78060-900, Mato Grosso, Brazil; (I.I.G.G.T.); (E.C.G.); (I.S.d.O.D.); (N.A.P.)
| | - Estefânia Crivelatti Grontoski
- Virology and Rickettsioses Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Medicine College, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Fernando Correa da Costa Avenue 2367, Cuiabá 78060-900, Mato Grosso, Brazil; (I.I.G.G.T.); (E.C.G.); (I.S.d.O.D.); (N.A.P.)
| | - Ingrid Savino de Oliveira Dias
- Virology and Rickettsioses Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Medicine College, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Fernando Correa da Costa Avenue 2367, Cuiabá 78060-900, Mato Grosso, Brazil; (I.I.G.G.T.); (E.C.G.); (I.S.d.O.D.); (N.A.P.)
| | - Nathalia Assis Pereira
- Virology and Rickettsioses Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Medicine College, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Fernando Correa da Costa Avenue 2367, Cuiabá 78060-900, Mato Grosso, Brazil; (I.I.G.G.T.); (E.C.G.); (I.S.d.O.D.); (N.A.P.)
| | - Dirceu Guilherme de Souza Ramos
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology and Parasitology, Academic Unit of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Jataí, Jataí 75801-615, Goiás, Brazil;
| | - Filipe Dantas-Torres
- Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Professor Moraes Rego Avenue s/n, Recife 50670-420, Pernambuco, Brazil;
| | - Daniel Moura de Aguiar
- Virology and Rickettsioses Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Medicine College, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Fernando Correa da Costa Avenue 2367, Cuiabá 78060-900, Mato Grosso, Brazil; (I.I.G.G.T.); (E.C.G.); (I.S.d.O.D.); (N.A.P.)
- Correspondence:
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Melo ALT, Luo T, Zhang X, Muraro LS, Pereira NA, Cabezas-Cruz A, Dantas-Torres F, McBride JW, de Aguiar DM. Serological evidence of Ehrlichia minasensis infection in Brazilian dogs. Acta Trop 2021; 219:105931. [PMID: 33901440 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.105931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Ehrlichia spp. are important tick-borne pathogens of animals in Brazil, and Ehrlichia canis is the most prevalent species infecting dogs. Moreover, Ehrlichia minasensis has also recently been identified as a novel ehrlichial agent that infects cattle in Brazil. The objective of this study was to determine whether dogs could be infected by E. minasensis. To investigate this possibility, sera (n = 429) collected from dogs in the Pantanal region were retrospectively analyzed for the presence of antibodies against E. canis and E. minasensis. Canine sera were screened by two isolates of E. canis in indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and the majority (n = 298; 69.4%) had antibodies with endpoint titers ranging from 80 to 327,680. In order to further confirm E. canis-specific antibodies, IFA positive sera were analyzed by ELISA using E. canis-specific peptides (i.e. TRP19 and TRP36 US/BR/CR), which detected E. canis antibodies in 80.2% (239/298) of the dog sera. Fifty-nine (13.7%) samples had detectable antibodies to E. canis by IFA but were negative by E. canis peptide ELISA. These sera were then tested by E. minasensis IFA (Cuiaba strain) as antigen and 67.8% (40/59) were positive (titers ranging from 80 to 20,480). Eleven sera had antibody titers against E. minasensis at least two-fold higher than observed for E. canis and suggests that these dogs were previously infected with E. minasensis. The results of the present study suggest that multiple ehrlichial agents infect dogs in Brazil, which highlights the need to consider different Ehrlichia spp. in Brazilian dogs, particularly in areas where dogs are frequently exposed to multiple tick species. This investigation is the first to provide serologic evidence of E. minasensis infection in dogs from Brazil.
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Forero-Becerra E, Patel J, Martínez-Díaz HC, Betancourt-Ruiz P, Benavides E, Durán S, Olaya-Másmela LA, Bolaños E, Hidalgo M, McBride JW. Seroprevalence and Genotypic Analysis of Ehrlichia canis Infection in Dogs and Humans in Cauca, Colombia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2021; 104:1771-1776. [PMID: 33755584 PMCID: PMC8103471 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ehrlichia canis infections have been reported in humans in Venezuela and Costa Rica. In this study, 506 healthy residents and 114 dogs from four municipalities (Cauca, Colombia) were surveyed and blood samples collected. Antibodies to E. canis in human and canine sera were evaluated using the Tandem repeat protein 19 (TRP19) peptide ELISA and indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Ehrlichia canis TRP19 antibodies were detected in only 1/506 human sera, but the single positive sample was negative by IFA. The majority (75/114; 66%) of dogs surveyed had antibodies to the E. canis TRP19 peptide by ELISA, and eight randomly selected sera were further confirmed by E. canis IFA. Genomic DNA samples obtained from 73 E. canis TRP19 ELISA-positive dog blood samples were examined by PCR targeting the 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene. Ehrlichia canis 16S rRNA was amplified in 30 (41%) of the dogs, and 16 amplicons were selected for DNA sequencing, which confirmed that all were E. canis. A second PCR was performed on the 16 confirmed E. canis 16S rRNA PCR-positive samples to determine the TRP36 genotype by amplifying the trp36 gene. TRP36 PCR amplicon sequencing identified nine dogs infected with the U.S. E. canis TRP36 genotype (56%), one dog with the Brazilian genotype (6%), and six dogs with the Costa Rican genotype (38%). Moreover, these molecular genotype signatures were consistent with serologic analysis using TRP36 genotype-specific peptides. Notably, there was no serologic evidence of E. canis infection in humans, suggesting that E. canis infection in dogs in Cauca is not associated with zoonotic human infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elkin Forero-Becerra
- Research Training Program, Fogarty International Center (Code 1 D43), University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas
| | - Jignesh Patel
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas
| | - Heidy-C Martínez-Díaz
- Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Paola Betancourt-Ruiz
- Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Efraín Benavides
- Grupo de Investigación Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad de La Salle, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - Steven Durán
- Grupo de Investigación Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad de La Salle, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - Luz-A Olaya-Másmela
- Programa de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Libre - Cali, Sede Valle del Lili, Santiago de Cali, Colombia
| | - Eliana Bolaños
- Secretaría de Salud del Departamento del Cauca, Popayán, Colombia
| | - Marylin Hidalgo
- Grupo de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Jere W. McBride
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas
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Taques IIGG, Koiyama MFG, Campos ANS, Costa JS, Hongyu K, Aguiar DM. Canonical correlative analyses among an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using synthetic peptides, an indirect fluorescent antibody test, and hematologic measurements in dogs infected with Ehrlichia canis. Vet Clin Pathol 2020; 49:574-582. [PMID: 33135177 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunoreactive tandem repeat proteins (TRPs) in amino acid sequences were identified and employed in the serologic diagnosis of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME). OBJECTIVES This study evaluated using TRP19 and TRP36 synthetic protein antigens with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and compared the results with an indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) to diagnose CME in the serum of dogs with suspected CME. METHODS The sera of 243 dogs that exhibited clinical and hematologic signs suggestive of CME had IFATs performed. An ELISA with synthetic TRP19 and TRP36 antigens from two E canis genotypes (USTRP36 and BrTRP36) that circulate in Brazil were also performed. Canonical correlations and chi-square tests were evaluated on the results of these tests. RESULTS Among the 243 dogs, 179 (73.6%) were reactive at an IFAT ≥ 40, 167 (68.72%) reacted at the cut-off ≥160, and 149 (61.31%) reacted at ≥640. The ELISA revealed that 172 (70.8%) dogs reacted to TRP19 peptide, 163 (67.1%) reacted to USTRP36, and 114 (46.9%) reacted to BrTRP36. The canonical correlation analyses showed that the TRP19 ELISA was the most effective diagnostic method. Serum total protein levels showed strong positive correlations with the USTRP36 peptide. Qualitative analyses revealed an association between the TRP19 peptide and the presence of anemia, thrombocytopenia, and hyperproteinemia. The IFAT results at titers of ≥160 and ≥640 were associated with thrombocytopenia. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicated that the TRP19 peptide was an excellent antigen and that the IFAT was diagnostically important in confirming the diagnosis of CME in serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isis I G G Taques
- Laboratory of Virology and Rickettsial Infections, Veterinary Hospital, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Maíra F G Koiyama
- Small Animal Medical Clinic, Veterinary Hospital, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Amanda N S Campos
- Laboratory of Virology and Rickettsial Infections, Veterinary Hospital, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Jackeliny S Costa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Veterinary Hospital, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Kuang Hongyu
- Statistic Department, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Daniel M Aguiar
- Laboratory of Virology and Rickettsial Infections, Veterinary Hospital, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
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10
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Taques IIGG, Campos ANS, Kavasaki ML, de Almeida SLH, de Aguiar DM. Geographic Distribution of Ehrlichia canis TRP Genotypes in Brazil. Vet Sci 2020; 7:vetsci7040165. [PMID: 33138252 PMCID: PMC7712067 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci7040165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tandem repeat proteins (TRPs) are major immunoreactive proteins of Ehrlichia canis, which have been used in the serological diagnosis of different genotypes of the microorganism. TRP19 is preserved among different E. canis isolates expressed on both reticulate and dense-core cells and observed in the extracellular matrix or associated with the morula membrane. TRP36 is differentially expressed only on the surface of the dense-core form of the bacterium and exhibits more divergence among isolates. The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution of the American (USTRP36), Brazilian (BrTRP36) and Costa Rican (CRTRP36) genotypes of E. canis in Brazil, using ELISA assays. Serum samples of 814 dogs from 49 municipalities from all over Brazil were analyzed. Our results showed that 33.9% of the samples were reactive to the USTRP36 genotype and 32.6% to the BrTRP36 genotype. The two genotypes appeared to occur equally throughout Brazil, although the frequency of seropositivity was lower in the south than in the country's other regions. Dogs that reacted to at least one of the synthetic peptides (TRP19 and TRP36) were 456 (56%). A few dogs (n = 5; 0.6%) reactive to the E. canis TRP36 genotype (CRTRP36) were also detected in the northeast and southern regions. We concluded that the American and Brazilian genotypes of E. canis are distributed evenly in Brazil, especially in the tropical region, while the temperate region in the south presented the lowest prevalence rates. This study offers the first report of dogs seropositive for the Costa Rican genotype in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isis Indaiara Gonçalves Granjeiro Taques
- Laboratory of Virology and Rickettsial Infections, Veterinary Hospital, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Av. Fernando Correa da Costa 2367, Cuiabá 78090-900, Brazil; (I.I.G.G.T.); (A.N.S.C.); (M.L.K.)
| | - Amanda Noeli Silva Campos
- Laboratory of Virology and Rickettsial Infections, Veterinary Hospital, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Av. Fernando Correa da Costa 2367, Cuiabá 78090-900, Brazil; (I.I.G.G.T.); (A.N.S.C.); (M.L.K.)
| | - Mayara Lima Kavasaki
- Laboratory of Virology and Rickettsial Infections, Veterinary Hospital, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Av. Fernando Correa da Costa 2367, Cuiabá 78090-900, Brazil; (I.I.G.G.T.); (A.N.S.C.); (M.L.K.)
| | - Sayanne Luns Hatum de Almeida
- Laboratory of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Veterinary Hospital, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Av. Fernando Correa da Costa 2367, Cuiabá 78090-900, Brazil;
| | - Daniel Moura de Aguiar
- Laboratory of Virology and Rickettsial Infections, Veterinary Hospital, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Av. Fernando Correa da Costa 2367, Cuiabá 78090-900, Brazil; (I.I.G.G.T.); (A.N.S.C.); (M.L.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-65-3615-8662
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11
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Medeiros MÂDS, Silva MHD, Matta MADV, Ferreira EDO, Machado SL, Soares JF, Labruna MB, Toma HK, Xavier MDS, Meirelles MDNSLD, Almosny NRP. Expression and antigenic analysis of the recombinant TRP36 protein from Ehrlichia canis São Paulo strain for serologic tests. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 29:e005820. [PMID: 32756774 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612020051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ehrlichia canis is the main etiological agent of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME), a globally canine infectious disease. In Brazil, CME is considered to be endemic, and its prevalence can reach 65% in some states. The diagnosis of ehrlichiosis is important for treatment and epidemiological purposes. The E. canis TRP36 (Tandem Repeat Protein) protein elicits the earliest acute-phase antibody response observed during the course of the disease. This study aimed to generate the recombinant TRP36 protein from E. canis São Paulo strain and to evaluate its potential as a tool for the serologic diagnosis of CME. The E. canis São Paulo isolate was cultivated in DH82 lineage cells, and its genomic DNA was obtained. The bacterial DNA fragment encoding the entire ORF of TRP36 was cloned into the pBAD/Thio-TOPO vector and transformed into Escherichia coli DH10B competent cells with the trp36-bearing plasmid for protein expression. To evaluate the protein antigenicity, 16 canine serum samples were previously tested (by PCR and the commercial SNAP®4Dx® serological test). The results were in accordance with the SNAP®4Dx® test. Experiments using this recombinant protein as an antigen, targeting the development of a serologic test based on ELISA methodology, are the next step to produce a reliable, affordable and useful diagnostic tool for CME in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ângelo da Silva Medeiros
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Castelo Branco - UCB, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.,Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense - UFF, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
| | - Maria Helena da Silva
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | | | - Eliane de Oliveira Ferreira
- Departamento de Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Sérgio Lisboa Machado
- Laboratório de Diagnóstico Molecular e Hematologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - João Fábio Soares
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil
| | - Marcelo Bahia Labruna
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Helena Keiko Toma
- Laboratório de Diagnóstico Molecular e Hematologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Márcia de Souza Xavier
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense - UFF, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
| | - Maria de Nazareth Silveira Leal de Meirelles
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.,Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Castelo Branco - UCB, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Nádia Regina Pereira Almosny
- Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense - UFF, Niterói, RJ, Brasil
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12
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Kaewmongkol S, Suwan E, Sirinarumitr T, Jittapalapong S, Fenwick SG, Kaewmongkol G. Detection of specific IgM and IgG antibodies in acute canine monocytic ehrlichiosis that recognize recombinant gp36 antigens. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04409. [PMID: 32685730 PMCID: PMC7358732 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of antibody detection tools for all stages of Ehrlichia canis infections and for various genotypes remains unclear. We produced recombinant gp36 (rgp36) antigens from different isolates of Thai E. canis to confirm the immunoreactivities to these recombinant proteins from naturally infected dogs. Sera and blood samples were taken from 21 dogs naturally infected with E. canis and in the clinical stages of acute phase ehrlichiosis. The expression vectors and competent E. coli produced two isolates of rgp36. These two major rgp36s were recognized by the dogs' sera in Western blotting, with both anti-dog IgM and IgG used as secondary antibodies. The two different genotypes of these local recombinant immunoreactive proteins were gp36 subgroup A (isolate 1055) and subgroup B (isolate 533). The Western blot analyses successfully identified both specific IgM and IgG from the dogs' sera. Of all 21 cases, five dogs presented specific IgM, twenty dogs presented specific IgG, and the commercial test used found fifteen seropositive dogs. There were four dogs that presented both specific IgM and IgG. Only one dog presented specific IgM only. This report is the first identification of a specific IgM in dogs in response to acute infections with E. canis. The recombinant gp36 isolates may be useful as potential antigenic material for subsequent serological tests that have a high possibility for differentiating between acute, chronic, primary, and nonprimary infections with E. canis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eukote Suwan
- Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Stanley G Fenwick
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, USA
| | - Gunn Kaewmongkol
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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13
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Arroyave E, Rodas-González JD, Zhang X, Labruna MB, González MS, Fernández-Silva JA, McBride JW. Ehrlichia canis TRP36 diversity in naturally infected-dogs from an urban area of Colombia. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2020; 11:101367. [PMID: 31987818 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2019.101367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ehrlichia canis is the etiologic agent of a highly prevalent tick-borne disease, canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME). Four defined E. canis genotypes based on the trp36 gene sequences have been reported, three of them identified in North or South America. The diversity of E. canis has been investigated using genetic and serologic approaches based on distinct 36 kDa tandem repeat protein (trp36) gene sequences that have been reported. The main objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of E. canis infection in dogs from Medellín, Colombia by PCR and determine the E. canis diversity using molecular and serologic approaches. Blood was collected from dogs (n = 300) with clinical signs of CME for PCR detection of E. canis 16S rRNA, dsb and trp36 DNA. Phylogenetic analysis of trp36 gene sequences was performed using MEGA. A serological evaluation was performed using immunofluorescence microscopy and ELISA with species-specific peptides from E. canis TRP19 and TRP36 (3 genotypes) and E. chaffeensis (TRP32). E. canis DNA (16S rRNA and/or dsb) was detected in 18 % (53/300) of dogs by PCR amplification. The trp36 gene was amplified and sequenced from 35/53 16S rRNA/dsb PCR positive samples revealing three genotypes: United States (US; n = 21), Costa Rica (CR; n = 11), and Brazil (BR; n = 3). Most dogs (33/35) with detectable trp36 DNA had anti-E. canis TRP19 and TRP36 peptide antibodies that corresponded to the genotype detected by PCR. Dogs that had antibodies to the TRP19 peptide (82/300; 38 %), also had antibodies to one or more genotype-specific TRP36 peptides. Based on TRP36 serology, the dogs exhibited highest frequency of infection with the US genogroup (US = 26), followed by the CR genogroup (CR = 19) and the BR genogroup (BR = 11). Notably, 26/53 trp36 PCR positive dogs had detectable antibodies to multiple E. canis genotypes (US/BR/CR = 8, BR/CR = 7, US/CR = 6 and US/BR = 5) suggesting coinfection or multiple sequential infections with different genotypes. Colombian dogs did not have antibodies to E. chaffeensis as determined by a TRP32 species-specific ELISA. Our results demonstrate the presence of three previously defined genotypes in North and South America in Colombian dogs (US, BR, CR). These results also demonstrate that TRP19 and TRP36 serology can provide valuable information regarding E. canis exposure and the potential genotype(s) involved in infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Arroyave
- Facultad de medicina veterinaria, Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias, Centauro, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia; Department of Pathology, Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Sealy Institute for Vaccine Development, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX, 77555-0609, USA
| | - Juan D Rodas-González
- Facultad de medicina veterinaria, Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias, Centauro, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Sealy Institute for Vaccine Development, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX, 77555-0609, USA
| | - Marcelo B Labruna
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Av. Universidade de São Paulo, Prof. Orlando M. de Paiva 87, 05508-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Jorge A Fernández-Silva
- Facultad de medicina veterinaria, Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias, Centauro, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Jere W McBride
- Department of Pathology, Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Sealy Institute for Vaccine Development, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX, 77555-0609, USA.
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14
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Aktas M, Özübek S. Genetic diversity of Ehrlichia canis in dogs from Turkey inferred by TRP36 sequence analysis and phylogeny. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 64:20-24. [PMID: 31174695 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis, an important tick-borne disease caused by Ehrlichia canis, is cosmopolitan but particularly prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions. In Turkey, the genetic diversity of E. canis remains undefined. The aim of this study was to characterize E. canis in naturally infected dogs from Turkey by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the Tandem Repeat Protein 36 (TRP36) encoded by the trp36 gene. A total of 167 archived blood samples randomly collected from municipal shelter dogs in three distinct geographic regions were analyzed for E. canis. Only ten samples (5.98%) were found positive by PCR assays target regions of the trp36 and 16S rRNA genes. Sequence analysis of Turkish E. canis TRP36 revealed five Tanden Repeat sequences (TRs) resulting to three TR genotypes: i) the previously reported US genotype composed exclusively from TRs of "TEDSVSAPA" sequence (14 or 8 TRs), ii) the previously Brazilian genotype composed exclusively from TRs of ASVVPEAE sequence (13 TRs), and iii) a novel genotype. In addition, phylogenetic analysis based on the entire sequences of TRP36 revealed that these genotypes correspond to four distinct genogroups (US genogroups I and II, Brazilian genogroup and Costa Rica-Turkey genogroup), all containing Turkish genotypes amongst other geographically distant E. canisgenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munir Aktas
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, 23119, Elazig, Turkey.
| | - Sezayi Özübek
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, 23119, Elazig, Turkey
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15
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Taques II, Morgado TO, Braga ÍA, Paz RC, Corrêa SH, Fritzen JT, Alfieri AA, Aguiar DM. Antibodies against canine distemper virus, parvovirus and Ehrlichia spp. in wild captive carnivores in midwestern Brazil. PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-5333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: The occurrence of antibodies against canine distemper virus (CDV), parvovirus and Ehrlichia spp. in wild captive carnivores was evaluated in a zoological park in midwestern Brazil. Serum samples were collected between 2007 and 2014 from 45 carnivores. Antibodies were evaluated by virus neutralization assay for CDV, hemagglutination inhibition test for parvovirus, indirect immunofluorescent and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Ehrlichia spp. Antibodies against CDV and parvovirus were detected in 75% of Canidae and Felidae. Procyonidae were negative for CDV, although one Mustelidae was positive. TwoCanidae presented antibodies reactive to E. canis antigens. The high antibodies rates to CDV and parvovirus suggest the contact with both pathogens, however since no clinical history of disease are registered in the Zoo-UFMT, we can presume that carnivores have responded satisfactorily against the antigens. The low serological rates observed against Ehrlichia spp. may be resulted to the low occurrence of ticks among carnivores.
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16
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Geiger J, Morton BA, Vasconcelos EJR, Tngrian M, Kachani M, Barrón EA, Gavidia CM, Gilman RH, Angulo NP, Lerner R, Scott T, Mirrashed NH, Oakley B, Diniz PPVP. Molecular Characterization of Tandem Repeat Protein 36 Gene of Ehrlichia canis Detected in Naturally Infected Dogs from Peru. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2018; 99:297-302. [PMID: 29943707 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.17-0776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Ehrlichia spp. are emerging infectious pathogens, especially in the Americas. Although Ehrlichia canis is primarily a parasite of dogs, polymerase chain reaction-confirmed human infections have been reported from Mexico, Venezuela, and Costa Rica. This study reports the presence of E. canis DNA in 13.7% of 205 dogs from urban areas in Peru and of those, five were analyzed for phylogenetic variation using the Tandem Repeat Protein 36 (TRP36) gene. The use of the TRP36 gene for such analysis was validated against 16S rRNA and heat shock protein genes using Shannon's entropy bioinformatic approach. When compared with other E. canis strains previously reported, three unique and novel E. canis strains were detected. In addition, the TRP36 amino acid tandem repeat sequences of the Peruvian strains share close similarity to an E. canis strain detected from four human blood bank samples in Costa Rica. This study reports for the first time domestic dogs infected with E. canis strains closely related to a zoonotic strain, which may be of public health concern as dogs can be chronically infected with this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Geiger
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California
| | - Bridget A Morton
- Affiliated Veterinary Specialists, Orange Park, Florida.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California
| | | | - Maryam Tngrian
- College of Agriculture, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, Pomona, California
| | - Malika Kachani
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California
| | - Eduardo A Barrón
- Laboratorio de Medicina Veterinaria Preventiva, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Cesar M Gavidia
- Laboratorio de Medicina Veterinaria Preventiva, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Robert H Gilman
- Asociación Benéfica Proyectos en Informática, Salud, Medicina y Agricultura, Lima, Peru.,Laboratorio de Investigación de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.,Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Noelia P Angulo
- Laboratorio de Medicina Veterinaria Preventiva, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Richard Lerner
- Pan American Zoonotic Research and Prevention (PAZ), Framingham, Massachusetts
| | - Tamerin Scott
- Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Los Angeles, California
| | - N Hannah Mirrashed
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California
| | - Brian Oakley
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California
| | - Pedro Paulo V P Diniz
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California
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17
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Miles S, Navatta M, Dematteis S, Mourglia-Ettlin G. Identification of universal diagnostic peptide candidates for neglected tropical diseases caused by cestodes through the integration of multi-genome-wide analyses and immunoinformatic predictions. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2017; 54:338-346. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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