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Andrade LS, de Souza RS, Carvalho de Araujo A, Silva SDO, Melo MN, Melo FG, Ribeiro GHS, de Sousa FG, Bastos CV, Moreira TF, Meneses RM, Carvalho AU, Facury-Filho EJ, Silveira JAG. Hemopathogens in naturally infected bovine fetuses in Brazil. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2024; 15:102351. [PMID: 38788485 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2024.102351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The transplacental transmission of parasites and hemoparasites is crucial for understanding the epidemiology of diseases. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of hemopathogens in bovine fetuses at various gestational periods. Samples were obtained from a slaughterhouse in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, and a total of 236 fetuses were collected. DNA extracted from blood samples (145) and organ samples (a pool of brain and spleen) (236) underwent a nested PCR (nPCR) assay to detect Babesia spp., Theileria spp., Trypanosoma vivax, Anaplasma marginale, Anaplasma bovis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Ehrlichia minasensis, and hemotropic Mycoplasma spp. Additionally, serological analysis of 145 plasma samples was conducted using the indirect fluorescent antibody test-IFAT to detect IgG against Babesia bovis, Babesia bigemina, A. marginale, and Trypanosoma vivax. The observed prevalence of transplacental transmission was 19.3 %, 6.2 %, 42.7 % and 2.7 %, for A. marginale, B. bigemina, 'Candidatus M. haemobos', and Mycoplasma wenyonii, respectively. The prevalence of A. marginale by gestational trimester was 16 % (13/81) in the second trimester and 23 % (14/60) in the third trimester, with no positive samples in the first trimester. Regarding the species B. bovis and B. bigemina, all evaluated animals tested negative by nPCR, and no serological evidence for B. bovis was found by the IFAT. Babesia bigemina demonstrated an overall seroprevalence of 6.2 % (9/145), with 4.8 % (7/145) in the last trimester and 1.3 % (2/145) in the second trimester of pregnancy. In total, 42.7 % (62/145) of blood samples were positive for 'Candidatus M. haemobos', with 42 % (34/81) in the middle trimester, and 43 % (26/60) in the final trimester of pregnancy. Mycoplasma wenyonni was detected in 2.7 % (4/145) blood samples, all in coinfection with 'C. M. haemobos'. The prevalence by pregnancy trimester was 25 % (1/4) in the first trimester; 1.2 % (1/81) in the second trimester and 3.3 % (2/60) in the third trimester of pregnancy. Hemopathogen DNA was detected in fetus blood samples but not the brain or spleen samples. All the samples were negative for T. vivax, Theileria spp., Anaplasma spp. and Ehrlichia spp. Overall, in this study, approximately 70 % of fetuses were positive for one or more of the studied parasites. No significant associations were observed between pairs of pathogens, except 'C. M. haemobos' and A. marginale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Silva Andrade
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Rayanne Soalheiro de Souza
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Andreina Carvalho de Araujo
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Soraia de Oliveira Silva
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Maria Norma Melo
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Fabricio Gomes Melo
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Henrique Siqueira Ribeiro
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Felipe Gaia de Sousa
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Camila Valgas Bastos
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Tiago Facury Moreira
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Melo Meneses
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Antônio Ultimo Carvalho
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Elias Jorge Facury-Filho
- Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinárias, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Júlia Angélica Gonçalves Silveira
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil.
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El-Alfy ES, Abbas I, Elseadawy R, Saleh S, Elmishmishy B, El-Sayed SAES, Rizk MA. Global prevalence and species diversity of tick-borne pathogens in buffaloes worldwide: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:115. [PMID: 36998029 PMCID: PMC10061416 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05727-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Buffaloes are important contributors to the livestock economy in many countries, particularly in Asia, and tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) commonly infect buffaloes, giving rise to serious pathologies other than their zoonotic potential. METHODS The present investigation focuses on the prevalence of TBPs infecting buffaloes worldwide. All published global data on TBPs in buffaloes were collected from different databases (e.g., PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar) and subjected to various meta-analyses using OpenMeta[Analyst] software, and all analyses were conducted based on a 95% confidence interval. RESULTS Over 100 articles discussing the prevalence and species diversity of TBPs in buffaloes were retrieved. Most of these reports focused on water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis), whereas a few reports on TBPs in African buffaloes (Syncerus caffer) had been published. The pooled global prevalence of the apicomplexan parasites Babesia and Theileria, as well as the bacterial pathogens Anaplasma, Coxiella burnetii, Borrelia, Bartonella, and Ehrlichia in addition to Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, were all evaluated based on the detection methods and 95% confidence intervals. Interestingly, no Rickettsia spp. were detected in buffaloes with scarce data. TBPs of buffaloes displayed a fairly high species diversity, which underlines the high infection risk to other animals, especially cattle. Babesia bovis, B. bigemina, B. orientalis, B. occultans and B. naoakii, Theileria annulata, T. orientalis complex (orientalis/sergenti/buffeli), T. parva, T. mutans, T. sinensis, T. velifera, T. lestoquardi-like, T. taurotragi, T. sp. (buffalo) and T. ovis, and Anaplasma marginale, A. centrale, A. platys, A. platys-like and "Candidatus Anaplasma boleense" were all were identified from naturally infected buffaloes. CONCLUSIONS Several important aspects were highlighted for the status of TBPs, which have serious economic implications for the buffalo as well as cattle industries, particularly in Asian and African countries, which should aid in the development and implementation of prevention and control methods for veterinary care practitioners, and animal owners.
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Affiliation(s)
- El-Sayed El-Alfy
- grid.10251.370000000103426662Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516 Egypt
| | - Ibrahim Abbas
- grid.10251.370000000103426662Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516 Egypt
| | - Rana Elseadawy
- grid.10251.370000000103426662Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516 Egypt
| | - Somaya Saleh
- grid.10251.370000000103426662Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516 Egypt
| | - Bassem Elmishmishy
- grid.10251.370000000103426662Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516 Egypt
| | - Shimaa Abd El-Salam El-Sayed
- grid.10251.370000000103426662Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516 Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdo Rizk
- grid.10251.370000000103426662Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516 Egypt
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Molecular Detection and Differentiation of Different Theileria Species in Naturally Infected Goats Using Nested PCR-RFLP: A First Report from Northern India. Acta Parasitol 2022; 67:997-1006. [PMID: 35441980 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-022-00553-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Theileriosis is an economically important tick-borne pathogen with a serious impact on livestock health and productivity. Despite the fact that bovine theileriosis has been widely investigated, there exists a paucity of information on these infections in small ruminants, especially in India. The present study was carried out to detect and differentiate different Theileria spp. in goats using nested PCR RFLP. METHODS Blood samples and ticks were collected from 405 goats in various agro-climatic zones of Haryana state, India. The blood samples were screened by microscopy, nested PCR-RFLP, and sequence analysis. The nested PCR-RFLP was performed with four restriction enzymes viz., Hpa II, Bsh 1285I, Hae II and Rsa I. Six nested PCR amplicons with different RFLP patterns were sequenced and submitted to NCBI (OM666861, MZ220430, OM666628, MZ220437, OM666637, OM721806). RESULTS Microscopy revealed 18.27% (n = 74) infection with Theileria spp., while 33.58% (n = 136) of blood samples were confirmed positive by nested PCR. Out of 136 positive samples, 43.38% (n = 59), 11.02% (n = 15) and 20.58% (n = 28), were positive for T. ovis, T. lestoquardi and T. luwenshuni (Theileria sp. China 1), respectively. Mixed infection was detected in 25% (n = 34) cases. Based upon Hpa II digestion pattern, 13 samples with T. lestoquardi and T. ovis, and 21 samples with T. ovis and T. luwenshuni were detected. Sequence study further confirmed their identity. The majority of ticks collected from goats were identified as Rhipicephalus spp., Hyalomma anatolicum and Hemaphysalis spp. CONCLUSION This study represents the first confirmed molecular report of goats infected with T. ovis, T. lestoquardi, and T. luwenshuni from northern India.
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Kovalchuk SN. Molecular characterization and phylogenetic study of Theileria sp. parasites detected in cattle from the Moscow region of Russia. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2021; 13:101835. [PMID: 34601345 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2021.101835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Theileriae are obligate intracellular protozoan parasites which are transmitted by ixodid ticks and infect both wild and domestic ruminants worldwide. Theileriosis causes significant economic losses to the livestock industry in many countries due to the high morbidity and mortality in cattle herds. In Russia, information concerning prevalence of Theileria spp. in cattle is very limited. This study reports on molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of Theileria spp. parasites detected in cattle from the Moscow region of Russia. Phylogenetic analysis based on the full length 18S rRNA gene revealed that the Russian Theileria parasites belong to the Theileria orientalis / Theileria buffeli / Theileria sergenti group and share a common genotype with T. buffeli Marula from Kenya, T. buffeli isolates from Japan and South Korea, T. orientalis isolate from Australia and T. sergenti isolate from Japan, which belong to the pathogenic Chitose genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana N Kovalchuk
- Institute of Innovative Biotechnologies in Animal Husbandry - the branch of L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Kostyakova str., 12/4, Moscow, 127422 Russia
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Nguyen AHL, Tiawsirisup S, Kaewthamasorn M. Low level of genetic diversity and high occurrence of vector-borne protozoa in water buffaloes in Thailand based on 18S ribosomal RNA and mitochondrial cytochrome b genes. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2020; 82:104304. [PMID: 32247866 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Vector-borne pathogens (VBPs) pose a great risk to ruminant production through significant economic losses. Several previous studies in Thailand have mainly been focused on the health of dairy and beef cattle. Water buffaloes are one of the important ruminants in the country, but studies on their infection with VBPs remains limited. We conducted a molecular survey on blood samples from 456 buffaloes obtained from eight provinces across different geographical locations of Thailand. The PCR diagnostics indicated that 116 (25.4%) and 59 (12.9%) of these 456 samples were positive for piroplasm and Plasmodium spp., respectively, and were found in six and all eight regions, respectively, across Thailand. Co-infections of piroplasm and Plasmodium spp. were observed in 24 cases (5.26%). Babesia spp. was not detected in any of the 12 sequenced piroplasm-positive samples in the present study. Genetic comparisons and phylogenetic analyses of within and between parasite populations, based on the 18S ribosomal (r)RNA and cytochrome b (cytb) genes for T. orientalis and P. bubalis, respectively, revealed that T. orientalis shared a high similarity within its population and could be divided into four distinct haplotypes. Haplotypes 1 and 4 were placed in the same clade with the samples previously isolated from cattle in Korea, Japan, Australia, and the USA. Haplotypes 2, and 3 were novel and were placed in a separate clade not shared with the other isolates. We also confirmed our previous investigation that at least three cytb haplotypes of P. bubalis were distributed in the country with a relatively high degree of genetic polymorphisms within its population (based on cytb sequences). Type II P. bubalis was phylogenetically closely related to P. caprae in goats in Zambia and Thailand. This study improves our current understanding on the distribution, intra- and inter-population genetic diversity, and genetic relationship of piroplasms and Plasmodium spp. in water buffaloes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh H L Nguyen
- The International Graduate Course of Veterinary Science and Technology (VST), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Veterinary Parasitology Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Sonthaya Tiawsirisup
- Animal Vector-Borne Disease Research Unit, The Veterinary Parasitology Unit, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Morakot Kaewthamasorn
- Veterinary Parasitology Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Animal Vector-Borne Disease Research Unit, The Veterinary Parasitology Unit, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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Gebrekidan H, Perera PK, Ghafar A, Abbas T, Gasser RB, Jabbar A. An appraisal of oriental theileriosis and the Theileria orientalis complex, with an emphasis on diagnosis and genetic characterisation. Parasitol Res 2020; 119:11-22. [PMID: 31811422 PMCID: PMC7223495 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-019-06557-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Oriental theileriosis, a tick-borne disease of bovids caused by members of the Theileria orientalis complex, has a worldwide distribution. Globally, at least 11 distinct genotypes of T. orientalis complex, including type 1 (chitose), type 2 (ikeda), type 3 (buffeli), types 4 to 8, and N1-N3, have been described based on the sequence of the major piroplasm surface protein (MPSP) gene. Of these 11 genotypes, mainly ikeda and chitose are known to be pathogenic and cause considerable morbidity (including high fever, anaemia, jaundice and abortion), production losses and/or mortality in cattle. Mixed infections with two or more genotypes of T. orientalis is common, but do not always lead to a clinical disease, posing challenges in the diagnosis of asymptomatic or subclinical forms of oriental theileriosis. The diagnosis of oriental theileriosis is usually based on clinical signs, the detection of piroplasms of T. orientalis in blood smears, and/or the use of serological or molecular techniques. This paper reviews current methods used for the diagnosis of T. orientalis infections and the genetic characterisation of members of the T. orientalis complex, and proposes that advanced genomic tools should be established for investigations of these and related haemoparasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagos Gebrekidan
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia
| | - Piyumali K Perera
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, The University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Abdul Ghafar
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tariq Abbas
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Robin B Gasser
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia
| | - Abdul Jabbar
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia.
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Mendes NS, de Souza Ramos IA, Herrera HM, Campos JBV, de Almeida Alves JV, de Macedo GC, Machado RZ, André MR. Genetic diversity of Babesia bovis in beef cattle in a large wetland in Brazil. Parasitol Res 2019; 118:2027-2040. [PMID: 31079252 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-019-06337-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Babesia bovis is the etiological agent of bovine babesiosis, a disease transmitted by Rhipicephalus microplus, which affects cattle herds in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, causing significant economic losses due to decreasing meat and milk yield. This study used molecular techniques to determine the occurrence and genetic diversity of B. bovis, based on the genes encoding the spherical body protein (sbp-2) and the merozoite surface antigens (MSAs) genes, in a herd of 400 Nellore (Bos indicus) sampled from beef cattle farms in the Pantanal region, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Midwestern Brazil. The results of the nested PCR assays based on the sbp-2 gene indicated that 18 (4.5%) calves were positive for B. bovis; out of them, while 77.7% (14/18) were positive for the B. bovis msa-2b fragment, 66.6% (12/18) were positive for the msa-2c fragment. The phylogenetic analysis based on the maximum likelihood method using 14 sequences from msa-2b clones and 13 sequences from msa-2c clones indicated that the sequences detected in this study are clearly distributed in different cladograms. These findings corroborated the diversity analysis of the same sequences, which revealed the presence of 14 and 11 haplotypes of the msa-2b and msa-2c genes, respectively. Furthermore, the entropy analyses of amino acid sequences revealed 78 and 44 high entropy peaks with values ranging from 0.25 to 1.53 and from 0.27 to 1.09 for MSA-2B and MSA-2C, respectively. Therefore, the results indicate a low molecular occurrence of B. bovis in beef cattle sampled in the Brazilian Pantanal. Despite this, a high degree of genetic diversity was found in the analyzed B. bovis population, with possibly different haplotypes coexisting in the same animal and/or in the same studied herd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Serra Mendes
- Agricultural and Livestock Microbiology Graduation Program, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil.,Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias/Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCAV/UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, Zona Rural, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Inalda Angélica de Souza Ramos
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias/Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCAV/UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, Zona Rural, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Rosangela Zacarias Machado
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias/Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCAV/UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, Zona Rural, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Marcos Rogério André
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias/Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCAV/UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, Zona Rural, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil.
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Obregón D, Cabezas-Cruz A, Armas Y, Silva JB, Fonseca AH, André MR, Alfonso P, Oliveira MCS, Machado RZ, Corona-González B. High co-infection rates of Babesia bovis, Babesia bigemina, and Anaplasma marginale in water buffalo in Western Cuba. Parasitol Res 2019; 118:955-967. [PMID: 30693380 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-06194-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Water buffalo is important livestock in several countries in the Latin American and Caribbean regions. This buffalo species can be infected by tick-borne hemoparasites and remains a carrier of these pathogens which represent a risk of infection for more susceptible species like cattle. Therefore, studies on the epidemiology of tick-borne hemoparasites in buffaloes are required. In this study, the prevalence of Babesia bovis, Babesia bigemina, and Anaplasma marginale were determined in water buffalo herds of western Cuba. To this aim, a cross-sectional study covering farms with large buffalo populations in the region was performed. Eight buffalo herds were randomly selected, and blood samples were collected from 328 animals, including 63 calves (3-14 months), 75 young animals (3-5 years), and 190 adult animals (> 5 years). Species-specific nested PCR and indirect ELISA assays were used to determine the molecular and serological prevalences of each hemoparasite, respectively. The molecular and serological prevalence was greater than 50% for the three hemoparasites. Differences were found in infection prevalence among buffalo herds, suggesting that local epidemiological factors may influence infection risk. Animals of all age groups were infected, with a higher molecular prevalence of B. bigemina and A. marginale in young buffalo and calves, respectively, while a stepwise increase in seroprevalence of B. bovis and B. bigemina from calves to adult buffaloes was found. The co-infection by the three pathogens was found in 12% of animals, and when analyzed by pair, the co-infections of B. bovis and B. bigemina, B. bigemina and A. marginale, and B. bovis and A. marginale were found in 20%, 24%, and 26%, respectively, underlying the positive interaction between these pathogens infecting buffaloes. These results provide evidence that tick-borne pathogen infections can be widespread among water buffalo populations in tropical livestock ecosystems. Further studies should evaluate whether these pathogens affect the health status and productive performance of water buffalo and infection risk of these pathogens in cattle cohabiting with buffalo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasiel Obregón
- Universidad Agraria de La Habana, Apartado Postal 18-19, Carretera Tapaste y Autopista Nacional, CP 32700, San José de Las Lajas, Mayabeque, Cuba. .,Centro Nacional de Sanidad Agropecuaria, Apartado Postal 10, Carretera de Jamaica y Autopista Nacional, San José de Las Lajas, CP 32700, Mayabeque, Cuba.
| | - Alejandro Cabezas-Cruz
- UMR BIPAR, INRA, ANSES, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Université Paris-Est, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Yasmani Armas
- Universidad Agraria de La Habana, Apartado Postal 18-19, Carretera Tapaste y Autopista Nacional, CP 32700, San José de Las Lajas, Mayabeque, Cuba
| | - Jenevaldo B Silva
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Rodovia BR 465, Km 07, s/n - Zona Rural, Seropédica - RJ, CEP 23890-000, Brazil
| | - Adivaldo H Fonseca
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Rodovia BR 465, Km 07, s/n - Zona Rural, Seropédica - RJ, CEP 23890-000, Brazil
| | - Marcos R André
- Universidade Estadual Paulista-Campus de Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, S/N - Vila Industrial, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, CEP 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Pastor Alfonso
- Centro Nacional de Sanidad Agropecuaria, Apartado Postal 10, Carretera de Jamaica y Autopista Nacional, San José de Las Lajas, CP 32700, Mayabeque, Cuba
| | - Márcia C S Oliveira
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, Rodovia Washington Luiz, km 234, São Carlos, São Paulo, CEP 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Rosangela Z Machado
- Universidade Estadual Paulista-Campus de Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, S/N - Vila Industrial, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, CEP 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Belkis Corona-González
- Centro Nacional de Sanidad Agropecuaria, Apartado Postal 10, Carretera de Jamaica y Autopista Nacional, San José de Las Lajas, CP 32700, Mayabeque, Cuba
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Abate HL, Santos NJRD, Brito DRB, Valente JDM, Vieira TSWJ, Garcia JL, Vieira RFDC, Vidotto O. Theileria sp. in water buffaloes from Maranhão State, northeastern Brazil. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 27:593-596. [PMID: 30427528 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-296120180075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Anaplasma marginale and piroplasm species are widespread among Brazilian cattle herds. Both of these tick-borne pathogens hamper livestock production and cause a significant economic impact. Although buffaloes have demonstrated a high level of adaptability, data on tick-borne pathogens are scarcely reported in Brazil. Thus, the aim of this study was to screen water buffaloes from the state of Maranhão for piroplasm and A. marginale occurrence using PCR assays. All samples were negative for A. marginale. One of the 287 (0.35%) water buffaloes tested was positive for Theileria sp. Sequencing of the 18S rDNA fragment (356 bp) showed that the Theileria sp. identified was closely related to the T. buffeli /orientalis group. Future studies on the clinical signs of infection and the main vector in this country are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Luca Abate
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL, Londrina, PR, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | - João Luis Garcia
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL, Londrina, PR, Brasil
| | | | - Odilon Vidotto
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina - UEL, Londrina, PR, Brasil
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10
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Jaimes-Dueñez J, Triana-Chávez O, Holguín-Rocha A, Tobon-Castaño A, Mejía-Jaramillo AM. Molecular surveillance and phylogenetic traits of Babesia bigemina and Babesia bovis in cattle (Bos taurus) and water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) from Colombia. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:510. [PMID: 30208941 PMCID: PMC6136160 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-3091-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Babesia bigemina and B. bovis are two economically important hemoparasites affecting both cattle and buffaloes involved in dairy and beef production. In Colombia, although some parasitological and serological studies suggest an endemicity of these pathogens in areas under 1000 m, little is known about its molecular prevalence in different host. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence and molecular traits of these parasites in cattle and buffaloes from two Colombian regions. Methods Between 2014 and 2016, a three-point longitudinal survey was designed in farms from Caribbean and Orinoquia regions to evaluate the molecular prevalence of B. bigemina and B. bovis using a nested PCR (n-PCR) targeting hypothetical protein (hyp) and rhoptry-associated protein (RAP-1) genes, respectively. A total of 1432 cattle, 152 buffalo and 1439 Rhipicephalus microplus samples were analyzed. Moreover, phylogenetic relationship of isolates was analyzed using the 18S rRNA gene. Results A molecular prevalence of 31.6% (24.2% for B. bigemina and 14.4% for B. bovis), 23.6% (6.5% for B. bigemina and 17.7% for B. bovis) and 4.3% (3.5% for B. bigemina and 1.0% for B. bovis) was observed in cattle, buffaloes and Rhipicephalus microplus, respectively. Higher values of infection were observed during the wet season and late wet season; nevertheless, other variables such as age, production type, sex, breed and babesiosis control were also significantly associated with infection. Prevalence analysis showed that B. bovis infection was higher in cattle that coexist with buffaloes, when compared to those which did not. For each species, phylogenetic analyses revealed a high genetic diversity of isolates without clusters related to the isolation source. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first longitudinal survey that evaluates through molecular methods, the infection of B. bigemina and B. bovis in two important livestock regions from Colombia. This study reveals that the prevalence of infection by Babesia spp., in cattle and buffaloes are modulated by seasonal variations, host factors and vector traits. Our results provide new insights on the epidemiological aspects of infection of Babesia spp., in cattle and buffaloes, which must be taken into consideration when babesiosis control programs are implemented in the study area. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-3091-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Omar Triana-Chávez
- Grupo BCEI, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Andrés Holguín-Rocha
- Grupo Malaria, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Alberto Tobon-Castaño
- Grupo Malaria, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
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11
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Benitez D, Mesplet M, Echaide I, Torioni de Echaide S, Schnittger L, Florin-Christensen M. Mitigated clinical disease in water buffaloes experimentally infected with Babesia bovis. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2018; 9:1358-1363. [PMID: 29724619 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) are raised in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, and act as hosts of Babesia bovis parasites and the tick vector Rhipicephalus microplus. As no clinical cases of B. bovis-infection have been reported, we hypothesized that, unlike bovines, water buffaloes respond asymptomatically to an acute infection. To test this hypothesis, we inoculated two groups of 24-month-old Mediterranean breed water buffaloes with 108 erythrocytes infected with two Argentine B. bovis isolates: BboM2P (n = 5) or BboS2P (n = 5). These strains displayed mild (BboM2P) or high (BboS2P) pathogenicity in Bos taurus calves of the same age (n = 5 and n = 1, respectively), when tested in parallel. In water buffaloes, no changes in body temperature were observed with both strains, and no hematocrit changes were detected in BboM2P-inoculated animals. In contrast, in the BboS2P-inoculated water buffalo group significant but relatively minor reductions in haematocrit values were noted compared to the infected bovine. The parasitemia attained in water buffaloes was considerably lower than in bovines and could only be detected by nested PCR, or indirectly via serology, whereas in most bovines, it could also be detected in Giemsa-stained smears under the light microscope. Our results show that water buffaloes present no or significantly mitigated clinical symptoms to B. bovis infections and suggest that they are able to substantially reduce and/or eliminate B. bovis parasites from circulation by an efficient innate immune mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Benitez
- Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria (EEA)-Mercedes, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA), W3470, Mercedes, Argentina
| | - Maria Mesplet
- Instituto de Patobiología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, INTA, 1686, Hurlingham, Argentina
| | | | | | - Leonhard Schnittger
- Instituto de Patobiología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, INTA, 1686, Hurlingham, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1033AAJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Monica Florin-Christensen
- Instituto de Patobiología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, INTA, 1686, Hurlingham, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1033AAJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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12
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Close relationship of Plasmodium sequences detected from South American pampas deer ( Ozotoceros bezoarticus) to Plasmodium spp. in North American white-tailed deer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-PARASITES AND WILDLIFE 2018; 7:44-47. [PMID: 29845014 PMCID: PMC5963126 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We report, for the first time, the presence of ungulate malaria parasites in South America. We conducted PCR-based surveys of blood samples of multiple deer species and water buffalo from Brazil and detected Plasmodium sequences from pampas deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus) samples. Phylogenic analysis revealed that the obtained sequences are closely related to the Plasmodium odocoilei clade 2 sequence from North American white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Nucleotide differences suggest that malaria parasites in South American pampas deer and North American P. odocoilei clade 2 branched more recently than the Great American Interchange. Plasmodium sequence was detected from pampas deer in South America. It was most similar to the North American Plasmodium odocoilei clade 2 sequence. Estimated divergence time was much more recent than the Great American Interchange.
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Gebrekidan H, Abbas T, Wajid M, Ali A, Gasser RB, Jabbar A. Molecular characterisation of Theileria orientalis in imported and native bovines from Pakistan. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2016; 47:19-25. [PMID: 27838527 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The epidemiological aspects of Theileria orientalis in Pakistan are unknown; therefore, investigations using sensitive and precise molecular techniques are required. This study reports the first molecular characterisation of T. orientalis detected from imported (Bos taurus) and native cattle (Bos indicus×Bos taurus) and buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) selected from four districts of Punjab, Pakistan. DNA samples from blood (n=246) were extracted and tested using conventional PCR utilising the major piroplasm surface protein (MPSP) gene and multiplexed tandem PCR (MT-PCR). Theileria orientalis DNA was detected (15%; 22/147) only in imported cattle by conventional PCR, whereas 24.5% (36/147), 6% (3/50) and 6.1% (3/49) of the imported cattle and native Pakistani cattle and buffaloes, respectively were test-positive for T. orientalis using MT-PCR. Using MT-PCR, the prevalence of T. orientalis was significantly higher (P<0.0001) in imported cattle compared to that of detected in native Pakistani bovines. The prevalence of T. orientalis and DNA copies of chitose and ikeda were significantly higher (P<0.05) in imported cattle than those detected in native Pakistani bovines. DNA sequencing of amplicons of the conventional PCR revealed the presence of buffeli, chitose and ikeda genotypes of T. orientalis. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the MPSP sequences of buffeli, chitose and ikeda from imported cattle were closely related to those sequences reported previously from Australia and other regions. This study provides the first survey of T. orientalis infection in imported and native bovines in Pakistan, and highlights the need for future studies to understand the spread of transboundary animal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagos Gebrekidan
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Tariq Abbas
- University College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Wajid
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Aamir Ali
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Robin B Gasser
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia
| | - Abdul Jabbar
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia.
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