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Molecular detection of Borrelia burgdorferi ( sensu lato) and Rickettsia spp. in hard ticks distributed in Tokachi District, eastern Hokkaido, Japan. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PARASITOLOGY & VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES 2022; 1:100059. [PMID: 35284860 PMCID: PMC8906132 DOI: 10.1016/j.crpvbd.2021.100059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ticks transmit various pathogens, including parasites, bacteria and viruses to humans and animals. To investigate the ticks and the potentially zoonotic pathogens that they may carry, questing ticks were collected in 2017 from 7 sites in Tokachi District, eastern Hokkaido, Japan. A total of 1563 ticks including adults (male and female), nymphs and larvae were collected. Four species of ticks were identified: Ixodes ovatus, Ixodes persulcatus, Haemaphysalis japonica and Haemaphysalis megaspinosa. Of the 1563 ticks, 1155 were used for DNA extraction. In total, 527 individual tick DNA samples prepared from adults (n = 484), nymphs (n = 41) and larvae (n = 2); and 67 pooled tick DNA samples prepared from larval stages (n = 628) were examined using PCR methods and sequencing to detect Borrelia burgdorferi (sensu lato) and Rickettsia spp. The phylogenetic analysis of Borrelia spp. flaB gene sequences showed the presence of the human pathogenic B. burgdorferi (s.l.) species (Borrelia garinii, Borrelia bavariensis and Borrelia afzelii) in I. persulcatus, whereas the non-pathogenic species Borrelia japonica was found only in I. ovatus. In I. persulcatus, B. garinii and/or its closely related species B. bavariensis was detected in both adults and nymphs at a prevalence of 21.9% whereas B. afzelii was found only in adults (1.8%). The prevalence of B. japonica in adult I. ovatus was 21.8%. Rickettsia species were identified through phylogenetic analysis based on gltA, 16S rRNA, ompB and sca4 genes. Four genotypes were detected in the samples which were classified into three species. The prevalence of human pathogenic Rickettsia helvetica was 26.0% in I. persulcatus adults and nymphs, 55.6% in I. persulcatus larval pools, and 1.7% in H. megaspinosa larval pools. The prevalence of “Candidatus R. tarasevichiae” was 15.4% in I. persulcatus adults and nymphs and 33.3% in I. persulcatus larval pools. The prevalence of “Candidatus R. principis” in H. megaspinosa adults and nymphs was 11.1% whereas it was detected in 3.4% of the H. megaspinosa larval pools. These results indicate that most of the risks of Lyme borreliosis and spotted fever group rickettsiosis infection in eastern Hokkaido, Japan, are restricted to I. persulcatus. Four species of ticks were collected in Tokachi District, eastern Hokkaido, Japan. Tick DNA samples were subjected to PCR to detect Borrelia spp. and Rickettsia spp. Borrelia garinii/Borrelia bavariensis and Borrelia afzelii were detected in Ixodes persulcatus. Rickettsia helvetica and “Candidatus R. tarasevichiae” were detected in I. persulcatus. First molecular detection of “Candidatus R. principis” in larvae of Haemaphysalis megaspinosa.
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SPECIFIC MOLECULAR DETECTION OF PIROPLASMS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF β-TUBULIN FOR A NOVEL BABESIA SPECIES IN SIKA DEER ( CERVUS NIPPON YESOENSIS). J Zoo Wildl Med 2021; 52:200-205. [PMID: 33827177 DOI: 10.1638/2020-0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Piroplasms, which include Babesia spp. and Theileria spp., are protozoan parasites carried by ticks and commonly cause disease in animals and humans. Those caused by Babesia spp. manifest as fever, anemia, and hemoglobinuria, while Theileria spp. can lead to high fever, diarrhea, and lymphadenopathy. Recently, Theileria capreoli and an undescribed Babesia sp. were detected for the first time in sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis) from Hokkaido; however, there is limited information available on their epidemiology in Japan. Here, a touchdown polymerase chain reaction and reverse line blot hybridization were used to perform an epidemiological survey of T. capreoli and Babesia sp. using blood samples from 82 sika deer in Hokkaido, Japan. This was followed by partial sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the 18S rRNA and β-tubulin genes to characterize both piroplasm species. A total of 43 (52.4%) and 3 (3.7%) of the sika deer were positive for T. capreoli and Babesia sp., respectively. The β-tubulin gene partial sequences for Babesia sp. were distinct from those of Babesia spp. in GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the unknown Babesia sp. is more closely related to B. bigemina and B. ovata than other Babesia spp. based on the β-tubulin gene. Further studies are required to understand the ecology of these tick-borne pathogens in Japan.
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Maruko R, Tokiwa T, Nakai J, Nakamura SI. Theileria infection with severe anemia and unhealed fracture in a sika deer Cervus nippon aplodontus (Cervidae: Cetartiodactyla). Parasitol Int 2021; 83:102349. [PMID: 33865987 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2021.102349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
An adult female sika deer (Cervus nippon aplodontus) inhabiting Nara Park, Nara, Japan, had broken bone injuries from a car accident. During its treatment, we found that the sika deer had severe anemia and the fracture remained unhealed throughout. Peripheral blood smear revealed piroplasms in the erythrocytes, which were identified as merozoites of undescribed Theileria species, widely found in sika deer in Japan. This is the report of a clinical case of Theileria infection, accompanied by severe anemia in a sika deer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Maruko
- Nara Deer Preservation Foundation, 160-1 Kasuganocho, Nara City, Nara, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Tokiwa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonancho, Musashino City, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Junji Nakai
- United Nara Ayameike Animal Hospital, 2-1-19-1 Hikidacho, Nara City, Nara, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Nakamura
- Kyoto Institute of Nutrition & Pathology Inc., 7-2 Furuiketani, Tachikawa, Ujitawaracho, Tsuzuki County, Kyoto, Japan
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Morikawa M, Mitarai S, Kojima I, Okajima M, Hatai H, Takano A, Shimoda H, Maeda K, Matsuu A, Yoshida A, Hayashi K, Ozawa M, Masatani T. Detection and molecular characterization of Babesia sp. in wild boar (Sus scrofa) from western Japan. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2021; 12:101695. [PMID: 33677233 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2021.101695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Wild animals often act as reservoirs of tick-borne Babesia and Theileria spp., which cause piroplasmosis. Therefore, epidemiological investigations about the distribution of these parasites in wild animals are important for evaluating the transmission risk to humans and livestock. In this study, we surveyed Babesia and Theileria spp. infecting wild boar (Sus scrofa) in Kagoshima and Yamaguchi prefectures and Tsushima island, which are all in western Japan, and performed molecular genetic analyses on the samples. DNA was extracted from either blood or liver samples of wild boar captured in Kagoshima prefecture in 2015, 2016, and 2018 and from blood samples from wild boar captured in Yamaguchi prefecture in 2013-2015 and Tsushima island in 2018. PCR screening for the partial 18S ribosomal RNA gene (18S rRNA) of both Babesia and Theileria spp. in wild boar revealed that 63.9 % (140 of 219 samples) were positive. Sequencing of all positive samples revealed that they were all the same Babesia species. Subsequent phylogenetic analyses showed that the parasite is closely related to Babesia sp. previously detected in the hard tick, Amblyomma testudinarium in Kagoshima, and further analyses suggested that this species is genetically related to Babesia gibsoni. On the other hand, no Theileria were detected in any of the samples. In summary, we observed a high prevalence of B. gibsoni-like Babesia sp. in wild boar in western regions of Japan. The host range, distribution, pathogenicity, and life cycle of this protozoan should be further evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momoko Morikawa
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| | - Sumire Mitarai
- Laboratory of Animal Hygiene, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| | - Isshu Kojima
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan; Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| | - Misuzu Okajima
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan; Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Hatai
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan; Laboratory of Veterinary Histopathology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| | - Ai Takano
- Laboratory of Veterinary Epidemiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1, Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan; Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1, Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimoda
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1, Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan; Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1, Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan
| | - Ken Maeda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1, Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan; Department of Veterinary Science, The National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Aya Matsuu
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan; Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| | - Ayako Yoshida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitic Diseases, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen-Kibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan; Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen-Kibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Kei Hayashi
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, 1-3 Ikoinooka, Imabari, 794-8555, Ehime, Japan
| | - Makoto Ozawa
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan; Laboratory of Animal Hygiene, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan; Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| | - Tatsunori Masatani
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan; Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan; Laboratory of Zoonotic Diseases, Faculty of Applied Biosciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan.
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Elbaz E, Moustafa MAM, Lee K, Ching ALC, Shimozuru M, Sashika M, Nakao R, El-Khodery SA, Tsubota T. Utilizing attached hard ticks as pointers to the risk of infection by Babesia and Theileria species in sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis), in Japan. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2020; 82:411-429. [PMID: 33009646 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-020-00551-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ticks are hematophagous ectoparasites that have a significant impact on their animal hosts. Along with mosquitoes, they are the main arthropod vectors of disease agents in domestic animals, wildlife and humans. To investigate the occurrence and prevalence of piroplasmids in ticks, DNA was extracted from 519 hard ticks collected from 116 hunted Hokkaido sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis). The success of the DNA extraction was confirmed by touchdown PCR targeting the mitochondrial 16S rDNA gene of ticks. Touchdown PCR and reverse line blot (RLB) hybridization targeting the 18S rRNA gene were used to detect 14 piroplasm species. All hard ticks parasitizing Hokkaido sika deer were identified as belonging to the genera Ixodes and Haemaphysalis. In total 163 samples (31.4%) were positive for Babesia and Theileria spp. among tick species according to RLB hybridization. Tick DNA hybridized to the oligonucleotide probes of Theileria sp. Thrivae (27.0% of ticks; 140/519), Theileria capreoli (10.6%; 55/519), Babesia divergens-like (1.7%; 9/519), Babesia sp. (Bab-SD) (0.6%; 3/519), Babesia microti U.S. (0.4%; 2/519), and B. microti Hobetsu (0.4%; 2/519). The partial sequencing and phylogenetic analyses of the 18S rRNA gene confirmed the RLB hybridization results. Further investigations are needed to reveal the epidemiology and respective vectors of these pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzahara Elbaz
- Laboratory of Wildlife Biology and Medicine, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 18 West 9, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0818, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdallah Mohamed Moustafa
- Laboratory of Wildlife Biology and Medicine, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 18 West 9, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0818, Japan
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Kyunglee Lee
- Cetacean Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Alice Lau Ching Ching
- Laboratory of Wildlife Biology and Medicine, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 18 West 9, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Michito Shimozuru
- Laboratory of Wildlife Biology and Medicine, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 18 West 9, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Mariko Sashika
- Laboratory of Wildlife Biology and Medicine, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 18 West 9, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0818, Japan
| | - Ryo Nakao
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Graduate School of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sabry Ahmed El-Khodery
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Toshio Tsubota
- Laboratory of Wildlife Biology and Medicine, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 18 West 9, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0818, Japan.
- Laboratory of Wildlife Biology and Medicine, Department of Environmental Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, North 18 West 9, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0818, Japan.
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Sato H, Hiraya H, Sugiyama T, Fukumoto S, Matsuyama R, Yanagawa Y, Nakao R, Irie T, Taira K, Yamazaki A, Hagiwara K, Yoshida A, Kamata Y, Ichikawa-Seki M. Seroprevalence of fasciolosis in Hokkaido sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis) from Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan revealed by ELISA using recombinant cathepsin L1. Parasitol Int 2020; 80:102222. [PMID: 33137508 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2020.102222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fasciolosis, a zoonotic disease caused by liver flukes of the genus Fasciola, has been reported in Hokkaido (Yezo) sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis) in Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan; however, the actual seroprevalence in the animal has not been adequately evaluated. The objective of the present study was to analyze the seroprevalence of the disease among Hokkaido sika deer. Recombinant cathepsin L1 (rCatL1) was used as an antigen for an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect antibodies against Fasciola flukes. The sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA were 84.6% and 100%, respectively. The average seroprevalence in 1109 Hokkaido sika deer from 20 locations in Hokkaido Prefecture was 43.9%. Mature deer showed higher seroprevalence than younger individuals; however, even younger animals may act as a reservoir for the disease. Monitoring infection levels in the Hokkaido sika deer population is important not only for the livestock industry, but also for preventing human fasciolosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironobu Sato
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Hiraya
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public health, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Takutoshi Sugiyama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Shinya Fukumoto
- National Research Center for Protozoan Disease, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Ryota Matsuyama
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yojiro Yanagawa
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ryo Nakao
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Graduate School of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takao Irie
- Department of Infection Diseases, Hokkaido Institute of Public Health, Sapporo, Japan; Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitic Diseases, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Kensuke Taira
- Laboratory of Parasitology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Akiko Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public health, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Katsuro Hagiwara
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno-Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Ayako Yoshida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitic Diseases, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan; Centre for Animal Diseases Control (CADIC), University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kamata
- Laboratory of Veterinary Public health, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan; Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life Science, Senri Kinran University, Suita, Japan
| | - Madoka Ichikawa-Seki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan.
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Amblyomma testudinarium infestation on a brown bear (Ursus arctos yesoensis) captured in Hokkaido, a northern island of Japan. Parasitol Int 2020; 80:102209. [PMID: 33098988 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2020.102209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The tick Amblyomma testudinarium Koch, 1844 (Acari: Ixodidae) is known as a vector of several pathogens such as Rickettsia tamurae and severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) virus. This tick species is present in many Asian countries, including Japan, where its distribution is limited to the warm areas of Kanto region and the southwestern region. The present study reports the recovery of a partially engorged A. testudinarium from a wild brown bear captured in Shari town, Hokkaido. In addition to morphological identification, the specimen was genetically characterized by the complete mitochondrial genome sequencing. The results showed that the length of the obtained mitogenome is 14,835 bp that encodes 13 protein-coding, two ribosomal RNA (rRNA) (12S and 16S), and 22 transfer RNA genes with two non-coding control regions. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that our sample clustered with A. testudinarium from Nara, Japan, but separated from A. testudinarium from China. Although the introduction of the tick through livestock transportation cannot be ruled out, the detection of A. testudinarium in Hokkaido prefecture, which is separated from the main island where A. testudinarium is present in the south, may suggest the introduction by migratory birds. This study provides important insights on the distribution and host range of A. testudinarium. This will be useful for the future taxonomic analysis of ticks based on the complete mitogenome sequencing. To our knowledge, this is the northernmost detection point of the tropical tick A. testudinarium.
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Masatani T, Hayashi K, Morikawa M, Ozawa M, Kojima I, Okajima M, Takano A, Shimoda H, Maeda K, Matsuu A, Yoshida A. Molecular detection of tick-borne protozoan parasites in sika deer (Cervus nippon) from western regions of Japan. Parasitol Int 2020; 79:102161. [PMID: 32569748 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2020.102161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The sika deer (Cervus nippon) is one of the most common species of wildlife in Japan. This study aimed to reveal the prevalence of tick-borne protozoan parasites in wild sika deer living in western Japan. We used nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect the 18S rRNA gene of tick-borne apicomplexan parasites (Babesia, Theileria, and Hepatozoon spp.) from 276 blood and liver samples from sika deer captured in the Yamaguchi, Oita, Kagoshima, Okayama, Ehime, Kochi, and Tokushima Prefectures. In total, 259 samples (259/276; 93.8%) tested positive in the nested PCR screening. Gene sequencing revealed that 99.6% (258/259) of positive samples contained Theileria sp. (sika 1), while Theileria sp. (sika 2), another Theileria species, was detected in only 3 samples. We also found that one sample from a sika deer captured in Kagoshima contained the gene of an unidentified Babesia sp. related to Babesia sp. Kh-Hj42, which was previously collected from tick in western Siberia. In conclusion, we found a high prevalence of piroplasms in sika deer from western Japan, and DNA analysis revealed that Theileria sp. (sika 1) had the highest infection rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsunori Masatani
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
| | - Kei Hayashi
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, 1-3 Ikoinooka, Imabari 794-8555, Ehime, Japan
| | - Momoko Morikawa
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Makoto Ozawa
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; Laboratory of Animal Hygiene, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Isshu Kojima
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Misuzu Okajima
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Ai Takano
- Laboratory of Veterinary Epidemiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan; Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimoda
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan; Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Ken Maeda
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan; Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan; Department of Veterinary Science, The National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Aya Matsuu
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Ayako Yoshida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitic Diseases, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen-Kibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan; Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen-Kibanadai-Nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
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Shirozu T, Badolo A, Soga A, Yoshimura A, Morishita YK, Koketsu M, Shirafuji RU, Inokuma H, Yokoyama N, Fukumoto S. Development and evaluation of a novel loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method targeting Theileria parasites infecting Yezo sika deer. Parasitol Int 2020; 77:102130. [PMID: 32325118 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2020.102130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The increasing Yezo sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis) population is creating a large problem. Yezo sika deer are an important blood meal source, and these deer contribute to the maintenance of tick populations. Theileria spp. infections in Yezo sika deer and T. orientalis infections in cows occur at high frequencies, and the same tick species infests both deer and cows. Therefore, a specific detection method to identify deer Theileria spp. is important. In this study, we establish a novel molecular detection method for identifying Theileria spp. from deer and tick samples using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). This method targets a metalloprotease/cell division cycle protein gene homologue. Our LAMP protocol was able to detect deer Theileria and did not show cross reactivity with other closely related protozoan parasites, including T. orientalis. The LAMP method showed sensitivity and specificity equivalent to those of nested PCR performed on the same field samples from deer and ticks. These results demonstrate the applicability of LAMP to field surveys in which the detection of deer Theileria spp. is required. In conclusion, due to its simplicity, specificity, and reliability, we suggest our LAMP protocol as an appropriate method for routine surveys to detect Yezo sika deer and ticks infected with deer Theileria spp. parasites. Additionally, this LAMP method offers great promise as a useful tool to distinguish Yezo sika deer Theileria from related Theileria parasites present in livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Shirozu
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Athanase Badolo
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan; Laboratoire d'Entomologie Fondamentale et Appliquée, Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, BP 7021 Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Akira Soga
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Aya Yoshimura
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan; Center for Research Promotion and Support, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Yu-Ki Morishita
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Mami Koketsu
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Rika-Umemiya Shirafuji
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Hisashi Inokuma
- Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Science, The University of Tokyo Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Naoaki Yokoyama
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Shinya Fukumoto
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.
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10
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Lee SH, Moumouni PFA, Galon EM, Vudriko P, Liu M, Benedicto B, Tumwebaze MA, Boldbaatar D, Umemiya-Shirafuji R, Fukumoto S, Xuan X. Differential diagnosis and molecular characterization of Theileria spp. in sika deer (Cervus nippon) in Hokkaido, Japan. Parasitol Int 2019; 70:23-26. [PMID: 30664981 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Sika deer (Cervus nippon) is widely distributed in Asian countries and is one of the most common wildlife animals in Hokkaido, Japan. Previous studies identified Theileria spp. in sika deer in Japan including Theileria sp. Thrivae belonging to T. cervi group and Theileria sp. sola belonging to T. capreoli group. However, the studies failed to differentiate these two species without sequencing. Therefore, epidemiological information on cervine theileriosis in Hokkaido, Japan is limited. This study differentiated the two Theileria spp. using restriction fragments length polymorphism (RFLP). Based on the PCR-RFLP, Theileria spp. were identified in 103 (88.0%) of 117 samples, and the prevalence of each parasites were 86.3% (n = 101) and 57.3% (n = 67) for Theileria sp. Thrivae and T. capreoli-like, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 18S rRNA showed a close relationship between Theileria sp. Thrivae and T. cervi in China. In addition, phylogenetic analysis of internal transcribed spacer regions also showed a close relationship between Theileria sp. Thrivae and T. cervi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hun Lee
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Paul Franck Adjou Moumouni
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Eloiza May Galon
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Patrick Vudriko
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Mingming Liu
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Byamukama Benedicto
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Maria Agnes Tumwebaze
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | | | - Rika Umemiya-Shirafuji
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Shinya Fukumoto
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.
| | - Xuenan Xuan
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.
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11
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Sivakumar T, Tuvshintulga B, Zhyldyz A, Kothalawala H, Yapa PR, Kanagaratnam R, Vimalakumar SC, Abeysekera TS, Weerasingha AS, Yamagishi J, Igarashi I, Silva SSP, Yokoyama N. Genetic Analysis of Babesia Isolates from Cattle with Clinical Babesiosis in Sri Lanka. J Clin Microbiol 2018; 56:e00895-18. [PMID: 30158190 PMCID: PMC6204690 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00895-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine babesiosis is a serious threat to the cattle industry. We prepared blood DNA samples from 13 cattle with clinical babesiosis from the Badulla (n = 8), Jaffna (n = 3), and Kilinochchi (n = 2) districts in Sri Lanka. These DNA samples tested positive in PCR assays specific for Babesiabovis (n = 9), Babesia bigemina (n = 9), and Babesiaovata (n = 1). Twelve cattle were positive for B. bovis and/or B. bigemina One cow was negative for the tested Babesia species but was positive for Babesia on microscopic examination; the phylogenetic positions of 18S rRNA and cytochrome oxidase subunit III gene sequences suggested that the cow was infected with Babesia sp. Mymensingh, which was recently reported from a healthy cow in Bangladesh. We then developed a novel Babesia sp. Mymensingh-specific PCR assay and obtained positive results for one other sample. Analysis of gene sequences from the cow with positive B. ovata-specific PCR results demonstrated that the animal was infected not with B. ovata but with Babesia sp. Hue-1, which was recently reported from asymptomatic cattle in Vietnam. The virulence of Babesia sp. Hue-1 is unclear, as the cow was coinfected with B. bovis and B. bigemina However, Babesia sp. Mymensingh probably causes severe clinical babesiosis, as it was the sole Babesia species detected in a clinical case. The present study revealed the presence of two bovine Babesia species not previously reported in Sri Lanka, plus the first case of severe bovine babesiosis caused by a Babesia species other than B. bovis, B. bigemina, and Babesiadivergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thillaiampalam Sivakumar
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
- Veterinary Research Institute, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Bumduuren Tuvshintulga
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Atambekova Zhyldyz
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Junya Yamagishi
- Division of Collaboration and Education, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Global Station for Zoonosis Control, GI-CoRE, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ikuo Igarashi
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
| | | | - Naoaki Yokoyama
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido, Japan
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