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Chung CU, Lee H, Seo MG, Lee SH, Kim KT, Nazim K, Song JS, Bae DH, Rhee MH, Kwon OD, Kwak D. Molecular Detection and Genotyping of Theileria spp. in Deer (Cervidae) in Korea. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2740. [PMID: 38004751 PMCID: PMC10673458 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Major clinical symptoms of Theileria infection include fever, anemia, anorexia, jaundice, and decreased milk production. Although several studies have been conducted on tick-borne pathogens, including Theileria in Korea, only a few have focused on Theileria infection in deer, including the Korean water deer. Blood samples from 160 deer were collected and subjected to DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Next, PCR-positive samples were sequenced and analyzed by constructing a phylogenetic tree. The results showed that the overall infection rate of Theileria was 8.1% (13/160). Infection rates of 100% were observed in the northern and southern regions. However, the study's limitation was its small sample size, wherein five and one samples were analyzed from the northern and southern regions, respectively. The central region exhibited the lowest infection rate of 2.9% (4/140). Infection rates also differed based on seasons, with the highest (18.4%, 9/49) being observed in spring, followed by that in summer (8.9%, 4/45). However, no infection was observed during autumn and winter. A phylogenetic analysis indicated that the PCR-positive samples contained Theileria luwenshuni, which usually infects small ruminants, such as goats and sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Uk Chung
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Daegu, Republic of Korea; (C.U.C.); (M.-G.S.); (K.-T.K.); (M.H.R.); (O.-D.K.)
- Wild Animal Rescue Center, Andong 36605, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeseung Lee
- Veterinary Epidemiology Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea;
| | - Min-Goo Seo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Daegu, Republic of Korea; (C.U.C.); (M.-G.S.); (K.-T.K.); (M.H.R.); (O.-D.K.)
| | - Seung-Hun Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kyoo-Tae Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Daegu, Republic of Korea; (C.U.C.); (M.-G.S.); (K.-T.K.); (M.H.R.); (O.-D.K.)
| | - Kaifa Nazim
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Khalsa College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Amritsar 143002, Punjab, India;
| | - Jung-Sun Song
- Department of Veterinary Nursing Science, Yeungjin University, Daegu 41527, Daegu, Republic of Korea; (J.-S.S.); (D.H.B.)
| | - Dong Hwa Bae
- Department of Veterinary Nursing Science, Yeungjin University, Daegu 41527, Daegu, Republic of Korea; (J.-S.S.); (D.H.B.)
| | - Man Hee Rhee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Daegu, Republic of Korea; (C.U.C.); (M.-G.S.); (K.-T.K.); (M.H.R.); (O.-D.K.)
| | - Oh-Deog Kwon
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Daegu, Republic of Korea; (C.U.C.); (M.-G.S.); (K.-T.K.); (M.H.R.); (O.-D.K.)
| | - Dongmi Kwak
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Daegu, Republic of Korea; (C.U.C.); (M.-G.S.); (K.-T.K.); (M.H.R.); (O.-D.K.)
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Kim KT, Seo MG. Molecular analysis of Rickettsia spp. and related tick-borne pathogens detected in dogs in Korea. Acta Trop 2023; 243:106934. [PMID: 37142151 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.106934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Ticks are widespread in nature and serve as primary vectors for several tick-borne pathogens (TBPs). Ticks and TBPs cause considerable harm to humans and animals and have emerged as a major global public health concern. Domestic dogs are the major reservoirs of zoonotic agents owing to their constant interaction with humans. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors of canine TBPs, such as Rickettsiales, Coxiella burnetii, hepatozoa, and Borrelia spp., using molecular analyses. A total of 906 dogs were examined and 4 TBPs were identified: Anaplasma phagocytophilum (5; 0.6%), Hepatozoon canis (9; 1.0%), Candidatus Rickettsia longicornii (2; 0.2%), and Rickettsia tamurae (1; 0.1%). Ehrlichia spp., C. burnetii, and Borrelia spp. were not detected. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to perform a phylogenetic analysis of Candidatus R. longicornii and R. tamurae in dogs. These findings can help determine the potential public health risks by enhancing our understanding of the geographical and vector distributions of TBPs in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoo-Tae Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea
| | - Min-Goo Seo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea.
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Seo MG, Lee H, Alkathiri B, Ahn K, Lee SH, Shin S, Bae S, Kim KT, Jang M, Lee SK, Cho YS, Eo KY, Kwon OD, Kwak D. Tick Populations and Molecular Analysis of Anaplasma Species in Ticks from the Republic of Korea. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11040820. [PMID: 37110242 PMCID: PMC10146869 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study was performed to survey the dominant tick populations and molecularly determine the pathogenic agents of anaplasmosis in ticks from Gyeongsang, Republic of Korea. A total of 3825 questing ticks were collected by the flagging method from 12 sites near animal farms in Gyeongsang from March to October 2021. A molecular genomic study was performed with ticks stored in 70% ethanol to detect Anaplasma genes by the previously described method. The monthly incidence of ticks varied by developmental stages, i.e., nymphs, adults, and larvae, and each of their populations peaked in May, March, and October, respectively. The predominant tick species were Haemaphysalis longicornis, Haemaphysalis sp., Haemaphysalis flava, Ixodes nipponensis, and Amblyomma testudinarium in order. To determine the Anaplasma infection rate, collected ticks were pooled into 395 groups. The minimum infection rate (MIR) of Anaplasma was 0.7% (27 pools). That of A. phagocytophilum was highest (23 pools, MIR 0.6%), followed by A. phagocytophilum-like Anaplasma spp. clade B (2 pools, MIR 0.1%), A. bovis (1 pool, MIR 0.1%), and A. capra (1 pool, MIR 0.1%), respectively. In this study, five species of ticks, including unidentified Haemaphysalis species, were collected in 12 survey sites in Gyeongsang, but their prevalence was somewhat different according to the tick species and survey sites. Further, the incidence rate (6.8%) of 4 Anaplasma spp. was not as high in tick pools. However, the results of this study may offer a basis for future epidemiological research and risk assessment of tick-borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Goo Seo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeseung Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Badriah Alkathiri
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - KyuSung Ahn
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hun Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - SungShik Shin
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Seulgi Bae
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoo-Tae Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kwon Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Sang Cho
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Yeon Eo
- Department of Animal Health and Welfare, College of Healthcare and Biotechnology, Semyung University, Jecheon 27136, Republic of Korea
| | - Oh-Deog Kwon
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongmi Kwak
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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Seo MG, Ouh IO, Kwak D. Detection and Genotypic Analysis of Anaplasma bovis and A. phagocytophilum in Horse Blood and Lung Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043239. [PMID: 36834651 PMCID: PMC9966372 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A clinical case of Anaplasma bovis was reported for the first time in our previous study (2019) in a horse, a nondefinitive host. Although A. bovis is a ruminant and not a zoonotic pathogen, it is responsible for persistent infections in horses. In this follow-up study, the prevalence of Anaplasma spp., including A. bovis, was assessed in horse blood and lung tissue samples to fully understand Anaplasma spp. pathogen distribution and the potential risk factors of infection. Among 1696 samples, including 1433 blood samples from farms nationwide and 263 lung tissue samples from horse abattoirs on Jeju Island, a total of 29 samples (1.7%) tested positive for A. bovis and 31 (1.8%) samples tested positive for A. phagocytophilum, as determined by 16S rRNA nucleotide sequencing and restriction fragment length polymorphism. This study is the first to detect A. bovis infection in horse lung tissue samples. Further studies are needed to clarify the comparison of sample types within cohorts. Although the clinical significance of Anaplasma infection was not evaluated in this study, our results emphasize the need to clarify the host tropism and genetic divergence of Anaplasma to enable the development of effective prevention and control measures through broad epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Goo Seo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Ohk Ouh
- National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, 212 Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongmi Kwak
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-950-7794
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Molecular Detection and Phylogeny of Tick-Borne Pathogens in Ticks Collected from Dogs in the Republic of Korea. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10050613. [PMID: 34067827 PMCID: PMC8157029 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10050613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ticks are important vectors of various pathogens that result in clinical illnesses in humans and domestic and wild animals. Information regarding tick infestations and pathogens transmitted by ticks is important for the identification and prevention of disease. This study was a large-scale investigation of ticks collected from dogs and their associated environments in the Republic of Korea (ROK). It included detecting six prevalent tick-borne pathogens (Anaplasma spp., A. platys, Borrelia spp., Babesia gibsoni, Ehrlichia canis, and E. chaffeensis). A total of 2293 ticks (1110 pools) were collected. Haemaphysalis longicornis (98.60%) was the most frequently collected tick species, followed by Ixodes nipponensis (0.96%) and H. flava (0.44%). Anaplasma spp. (24/1110 tick pools; 2.16%) and Borrelia spp. (4/1110 tick pools; 0.36%) were detected. The phylogenetic analyses using 16S rRNA genes revealed that the Anaplasma spp. detected in this study were closely associated with A. phagocytophilum reported in humans and rodents in the ROK. Borrelia spp. showed phylogenetic relationships with B. theileri and B. miyamotoi in ticks and humans in Mali and Russia. These results demonstrate the importance of tick-borne disease surveillance and control in dogs in the ROK.
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Kim J, Lee D, Yoon E, Bae H, Chun D, Kang JG, Jung DI, Yu DH. Clinical Case of a Transfusion-Associated Canine Mycoplasma haemocanis Infection in the Republic of Korea: A Case Report. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2020; 58:565-569. [PMID: 33202509 PMCID: PMC7672241 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2020.58.5.565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This report describes the first clinical case of a transfusion-associated Mycoplasma haemocanis infection in a dog in Korea. A 6-year-old male Maltese underwent a red blood cell transfusion for idiopathic immune-mediated hemolytic anemia. Eighteen days after the blood transfusion, the recipient's packed cell volume decreased and basophilic organisms were found on erythrocytes. A polymerase chain reaction and sequential analysis showed that both the donor dog and recipient dog had M. haemocanis. Six weeks after doxycycline administration, no organisms were detected and the recipient's anemia had improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihu Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Donghwan Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Eunchae Yoon
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Hyeona Bae
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Daseul Chun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Jun-Gu Kang
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54531, Korea
| | - Dong-In Jung
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Do-Hyeon Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
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Sahu R, Rawool DB, Vinod VK, Malik SVS, Barbuddhe SB. Current approaches for the detection of Coxiella burnetii infection in humans and animals. J Microbiol Methods 2020; 179:106087. [PMID: 33086105 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2020.106087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Q fever (coxiellosis), caused by Coxiella burnetii, is an emerging or re-emerging zoonotic disease of public health significance and with worldwide distribution. As a causal agent of the one among the 13 global priority zoonoses, having the infectious dose as low as one bacterium, C. burnetii has been regarded as an obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen. The agent has been classified as a Group B bioterrorism agent by the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the disease is included in the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) list of notifiable diseases. It is mainly transmitted through airborne route in humans and animals. Isolation of C. burnetii, using standard routine laboratory culture techniques was impossible until formulation of axenic-based medium. However, it is still to be included among routinely isolated laboratory pathogen, accounting prolonged incubation period (~7 days) and requirement of specific oxygen concentration (2.5% O2). Therefore, indirect diagnostic tools have been mainly used for its diagnosis. So far serology has been mostly used for testing for C. burnetii infection. The detection of C. burnetii DNA by PCR in various clinical samples have also been widely used. The disease has remained largely under-reported, underdiagnosed and as a masked zoonosis; and therefore, needs to be explored through well-planned scientific studies for knowing its true status and likely it impact in humans and animals by employing state-of-the-art diagnostics, identifying its diverse and new host range, as well as risk factors involved in different geo-climatic, behavioural and social settings as well as risk groups. Here, we reviewed the current approaches used for the detection of C. burnetii infection in humans and animals at the population and individual level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhakrishna Sahu
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243 122, India
| | - Deepak B Rawool
- ICAR- National Research Centre on Meat, Hyderabad 500 092, India
| | - Valil Kunjukunju Vinod
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243 122, India
| | - S V S Malik
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243 122, India
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