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Perles L, Barreto WTG, Macedo GCD, Herrera HM, Machado RZ, André MR. Neorickettsia sp. in coatis (Nasua nasua) in Brazil. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA = BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY : ORGAO OFICIAL DO COLEGIO BRASILEIRO DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2023; 32:e006623. [PMID: 37466626 PMCID: PMC10399552 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612023042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
The genus Neorickettsia comprises trematode-associated bacteria that can cause diseases in animals and humans. Despite detection of Neorickettsia antigens in the intestine of coatis kept in captivity in southern Brazil through immunohistochemistry, the molecular identity of the bacteria in South American procyonids remains elusive. The aim of the present study was to investigate the occurrence of Neorickettsia sp. in blood samples from coatis in central-western Brazil. Between March 2018 and January 2019, animals were captured and recaptured in two areas of the Cerrado (Parque Estadual do Prosa, PEP; and Vila da Base Aérea, VBA) located in the city of Campo Grande, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, central-western Brazil. All captures were performed according to convenience. DNA from 97 blood samples was subjected to nested PCR (nPCR) targeting a fragment of the 16S rRNA gene of Neorickettsia sp. Six samples (3.6%; five from VBA and one from PEP) from different coatis were positive in nPCR based on the 16S rRNA. The sequences obtained (~500 bp) showed ˃ 99% similarity to N. risticii. Phylogenetic analysis clustered the sequences detected in the present study in a clade with N. risticii. This is the first molecular detection of Neorickettsia sp. in coatis in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Perles
- Laboratório de Bioagentes Transmitidos por Vetores, Departamento de Patologia, Reprodução e Saúde Única, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias - FCAV, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - Wanessa Teixeira Gomes Barreto
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul - UFMS, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
| | - Gabriel Carvalho de Macedo
- Laboratório de Biologia Parasitária, Ciências Ambientais e Sustentabilidade Agropecuária, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco - UCDB, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
| | - Heitor Miraglia Herrera
- Laboratório de Biologia Parasitária, Ciências Ambientais e Sustentabilidade Agropecuária, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco - UCDB, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
| | - Rosangela Zacarias Machado
- Laboratório de Bioagentes Transmitidos por Vetores, Departamento de Patologia, Reprodução e Saúde Única, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias - FCAV, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - Marcos Rogério André
- Laboratório de Bioagentes Transmitidos por Vetores, Departamento de Patologia, Reprodução e Saúde Única, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias - FCAV, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
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2
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Pakharukova MY, Lishai EA, Zaparina O, Baginskaya NV, Hong SJ, Sripa B, Mordvinov VA. Opisthorchis viverrini, Clonorchis sinensis and Opisthorchis felineus liver flukes affect mammalian host microbiome in a species-specific manner. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011111. [PMID: 36780567 PMCID: PMC9956601 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Opisthorchis felineus, Opisthorchis viverrini and Clonorchis sinensis are epidemiologically significant food-borne trematodes endemic to diverse climatic areas. O. viverrini and C. sinensis are both recognized to be 1A group of biological carcinogens to human, whereas O. felineus is not. The mechanisms of carcinogenesis by the liver flukes are studied fragmentarily, the role of host and parasite microbiome is an unexplored aspect. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Specific pathogen free Mesocricetus auratus hamsters were infected with C. sinensis, O. viverrini and O. felineus. The microbiota of the adult worms, colon feces and bile from the hamsters was investigated using Illumina-based sequencing targeting the prokaryotic 16S rRNA gene. The analysis of 43 libraries revealed 18,830,015 sequences, the bacterial super-kingdom, 16 different phyla, 39 classes, 63 orders, 107 families, 187 genera-level phylotypes. O. viverrini, a fluke with the most pronounced carcinogenic potential, has the strongest impact on the host bile microbiome, changing the abundance of 92 features, including Bifidobacteriaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae, [Paraprevotellaceae], Acetobacteraceae, Coriobacteraceae and Corynebacteriaceae bacterial species. All three infections significantly increased Enterobacteriaceae abundance in host bile, reduced the level of commensal bacteria in the gut microbiome (Parabacteroides, Roseburia, and AF12). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE O. felineus, O. viverrini, and C. sinensis infections cause both general and species-specific qualitative and quantitative changes in the composition of microbiota of bile and colon feces of experimental animals infected with these trematodes. The alterations primarily concern the abundance of individual features and the phylogenetic diversity of microbiomes of infected hamsters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Y. Pakharukova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
- * E-mail:
| | - Ekaterina A. Lishai
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Oxana Zaparina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nina V. Baginskaya
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sung-Jong Hong
- Convergence Research Center for Insect Vectors, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Banchob Sripa
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease), Tropical Disease Research Center, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Viatcheslav A. Mordvinov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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3
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Liguori BL, Stacy BA, Fischer PU, Fischer K, Archer LL, Childress AL, Shaver DJ, Kariyawasam S, Wellehan JFX. Identification of a novel Neorickettsia species in a Kemp's ridley sea turtle with granulomatous nephritis and development of a quantitative PCR assay. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:3673-3683. [PMID: 36215150 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
An adult male Kemp's ridley turtle was found dead on the coast of Kenedy County, Texas, in August 2019 with bilateral severe, diffuse granulomatous nephritis. Pan-bacterial 16S rRNA gene polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and amplicon sequencing of affected tissue indicated the presence of a Neorickettsia. Neorickettsia is a genus of obligate intracellular Alphaproteobacteria that are transmitted by digenean trematodes. For further characterization, primers were designed to amplify and sequence the groEL gene. Phylogenetic analysis found that the organism was distinct from other known species to a degree consistent with a novel species. Immunohistochemistry using an antibody directed against a Neorickettsia surface protein showed bacterial clusters within the renal granulomas. A species-specific quantitative PCR was designed and detected the organism within the liver and colon of the index case. A quantitative PCR survey of grossly normal kidneys opportunistically collected from additional stranded sea turtle kidneys detected this organism in five of 15 Kemp's ridley turtles, two of nine green turtles, and neither of two loggerhead turtles. Recognition of this novel organism in an endangered species is concerning; additional work is underway to further characterize the potential of this organism as a pathogen of sea turtles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany L Liguori
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida Comparative, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Brian A Stacy
- NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service, Office of Protected Resources, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Peter U Fischer
- Infectious Disease Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kerstin Fischer
- Infectious Disease Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Linda L Archer
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida Comparative, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - April L Childress
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida Comparative, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Donna J Shaver
- National Park Service, Padre Island National Seashore, Division of Sea Turtle Science and Recovery, Corpus Christi, Texas, USA
| | - Subhashinie Kariyawasam
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida Comparative, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - James F X Wellehan
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida Comparative, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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4
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Falke LP, Preston DL. Infection prevalence and density of a pathogenic trematode parasite decrease with stream order along a river continuum. Ecosphere 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Landon P. Falke
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison Wisconsin 53706 USA
| | - Daniel L. Preston
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison Wisconsin 53706 USA
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Low VL, Tan TK, Khoo JJ, Lim FS, AbuBakar S. An overview of rickettsiae in Southeast Asia: Vector-animal-human interface. Acta Trop 2020; 202:105282. [PMID: 31778642 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Rickettsioses are emerging, and re-emerging diseases caused by obligate intracellular arthropod-borne bacteria that infect humans and animals worldwide. Various rickettsiae such as Orientia, Rickettsia, Anaplasma and Ehrlichia have been circulated in companion, domesticated and wild animals through bites of infected ticks, fleas, lice or mites. This review summarizes the infections of rickettsiae, including the newly discovered regional species Rickettsia thailandii, Candidatus Rickettsia sepangensis, Candidatus Rickettsia johorensis, Candidatus Rickettsia laoensis, Candidatus Rickettsia mahosotii, Candidatus Rickettsia khammouanensis, Candidatus Anaplasma pangolinii, and other novel genotypes in vectors, humans and animals in Southeast Asia. Issues on some unidentified rickettsiae that elicit immune responses and production of antibodies that are cross-reactive with the antigens used are discussed. Knowledge gaps which required attention are also identified in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Lun Low
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Tiong Kai Tan
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jing Jing Khoo
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fang Shiang Lim
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sazaly AbuBakar
- Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Headley SA, Viana NE, Michelazzo MDMZ, Xavier AAC, Costa CJS, de Pinho FHO, Dos Santos MD. Neorickettsia helminthoeca associated lymphoid, enteric, and pulmonary lesions in dogs from Southern Brazil: An immunohistochemical study. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 67 Suppl 2:49-59. [PMID: 31232527 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neorickettsia helminthoeca (NH), the agent of salmon poisoning disease or canine neorickettiosis (CN), is a bacterial endosymbiont of the nematode Nanophyetus salmincola, and infections are spreading among specific fish-eating mammalians. This article describes the pathologic and immunohistochemical findings associated with spontaneous NH-induced infections in dogs from Southern Brazil. The principal pathologic findings were hypertrophy of Peyer patches and lymphadenopathy with lymphocytic proliferation, chronic interstitial pneumonia, and chronic enteritis associated with positive intralesional immunoreactivity to antigens of NH within macrophages and histiocytes. Positive immunoreactivity against canine parvovirus-2 (CPV-2) or/and canine distemper virus was not detected in the evaluated intestinal segments or in the samples from the cerebellum and lungs, respectively, from the dogs evaluated. These findings demonstrated that NH was involved in the enteric, pulmonary, and lymphoid lesions herein described, and provide additional information to confirm the occurrence of this bacterial endosymbiont within this geographical location. It is proposed that chronic pneumonia should be considered as a pathologic manifestation of NH-induced infections. Additionally, our results show that the occurrences of CN seem to be underdiagnosed in Southern Brazil due to the confusion with the incidence of CPV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selwyn Arlington Headley
- Laboratory Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociência Animal, Universidade de Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Nayara Emily Viana
- Laboratory Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Aparecida Correa Xavier
- Laboratory Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Cícero Júlio Silva Costa
- Laboratory Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Felipe Hideki Ogo de Pinho
- Laboratory Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Diniz Dos Santos
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociência Animal, Universidade de Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
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7
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IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR EVIDENCE OF PUTATIVE NEORICKETTSIA INFECTION IN COATIS (NASUA NASUA) FROM SOUTHERN BRAZIL. J Zoo Wildl Med 2018; 49:535-541. [PMID: 30212329 DOI: 10.1638/2017-0151.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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8
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Robbins CT, Woodford NL, Goolsby Clyde G, Minor C, Nelson OL, Brewer MM, Khalife PH, Hawley JR. Salmon poisoning disease in grizzly bears with population recovery implications. J Wildl Manage 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.21502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles T. Robbins
- School of the Environment and School of Biological Sciences; Washington State University; Pullman WA 99164-4236 USA
| | - Nina L. Woodford
- Office of Campus Veterinarian; Washington State University; Pullman WA 99164-1165 USA
| | - Gaylynn Goolsby Clyde
- Office of Campus Veterinarian; Washington State University; Pullman WA 99164-1165 USA
| | - Cody Minor
- Colorado State University; Center for Companion Animal Studies; Ft. Collins CO 80523-1678 USA
| | - O. Lynne Nelson
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; Washington State University; Pullman WA 99164-6610 USA
| | - Melissa M. Brewer
- Colorado State University; Center for Companion Animal Studies; Ft. Collins CO 80523-1678 USA
| | - Patrick H. Khalife
- Colorado State University; Center for Companion Animal Studies; Ft. Collins CO 80523-1678 USA
| | - Jennifer R. Hawley
- Colorado State University; Center for Companion Animal Studies; Ft. Collins CO 80523-1678 USA
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9
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Voronova A, Chelomina GN. Genetic diversity and phylogenetic relations of salmon trematode Nanophyetus japonensis. Parasitol Int 2018; 67:267-276. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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10
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Dahmani M, Tahir D, Cabre O, Raoult D, Fenollar F, Davoust B, Mediannikov O. Prevalence of Anaplasmataceae and Filariidae species in unowned and military dogs in New Caledonia. Vet Med Sci 2018; 4:140-149. [PMID: 29851312 PMCID: PMC5979777 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dogs are competent reservoir hosts of several zoonotic agents, including Filariidae nematodes and Anaplasmataceae family bacteria. The latter family unites human and veterinary pathogens (Anaplasma, Ehrlichia and Neorickettsia bacteria) with Wolbachia, some of which are obligatory endosymbionts of pathogenic filarial nematodes. The epidemiology of Anaplasmataceae and Filariidae species infecting dogs living in kennels in New Caledonia was studied. 64 EDTA blood samples were screened for the presence of Anaplasmataceae and filarial nematodes. Molecular study was conducted using primers and probe targeting the of 23S rRNA long fragment of Anaplasmataceae species. Next, all blood sample was screened for the presence of Filariidae species targeting the primers and probe targeting the COI gene, as well as primers targeting the COI and 5S rRNA genes of all filarial worms. Anaplasma platys was identified in 8/64 (12.5, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.4–20.6%) and Wolbachia endosymbiont of Dirofilaria immitis in 8/64 (12.5%, CI: 4.4–20.6%). Filariidae species investigation was performed and showed that 11/64 (17.2%, CI: 7.9–26.4%) dogs were infected with D. immitis, whereas, 2/64 (3.1%, CI: 0.0–7.3%) were infected with Acanthocheilonema reconditum. Finally, we checked the occurrence of co‐infection between Anaplasmataceae and Filariidae species. Co‐occurrence with Wolbachia endosymbiont of D. immitis was observed in seven dogs, one dog was co‐infected with A. platys and A. reconditum and another was co‐infected with Wolbachia endosymbiont of D. immitis and A. reconditum. These results are the first report of Anaplasmataceae and Filariidae occurring in dogs in New Caledonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustapha Dahmani
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, IHU - Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Djamel Tahir
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, IHU - Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Cabre
- Animal Epidemiology Working Group of the Military Health Service, Toulon, France
| | - Didier Raoult
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, IHU - Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Florence Fenollar
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, IHU - Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Bernard Davoust
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, IHU - Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,Animal Epidemiology Working Group of the Military Health Service, Toulon, France
| | - Oleg Mediannikov
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, IHU - Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
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11
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Lin M, Bachman K, Cheng Z, Daugherty SC, Nagaraj S, Sengamalay N, Ott S, Godinez A, Tallon LJ, Sadzewicz L, Fraser C, Dunning Hotopp JC, Rikihisa Y. Analysis of complete genome sequence and major surface antigens of Neorickettsia helminthoeca, causative agent of salmon poisoning disease. Microb Biotechnol 2017; 10:933-957. [PMID: 28585301 PMCID: PMC5481527 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neorickettsia helminthoeca, a type species of the genus Neorickettsia, is an endosymbiont of digenetic trematodes of veterinary importance. Upon ingestion of salmonid fish parasitized with infected trematodes, canids develop salmon poisoning disease (SPD), an acute febrile illness that is particularly severe and often fatal in dogs without adequate treatment. We determined and analysed the complete genome sequence of N. helminthoeca: a single small circular chromosome of 884 232 bp encoding 774 potential proteins. N. helminthoeca is unable to synthesize lipopolysaccharides and most amino acids, but is capable of synthesizing vitamins, cofactors, nucleotides and bacterioferritin. N. helminthoeca is, however, distinct from majority of the family Anaplasmataceae to which it belongs, as it encodes nearly all enzymes required for peptidoglycan biosynthesis, suggesting its structural hardiness and inflammatory potential. Using sera from dogs that were experimentally infected by feeding with parasitized fish or naturally infected in southern California, Western blot analysis revealed that among five predicted N. helminthoeca outer membrane proteins, P51 and strain‐variable surface antigen were uniformly recognized. Our finding will help understanding pathogenesis, prevalence of N. helminthoeca infection among trematodes, canids and potentially other animals in nature to develop effective SPD diagnostic and preventive measures. Recent progresses in large‐scale genome sequencing have been uncovering broad distribution of Neorickettsia spp., the comparative genomics will facilitate understanding of biology and the natural history of these elusive environmental bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqun Lin
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, 1925 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Katherine Bachman
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, 1925 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Zhihui Cheng
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, 1925 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Sean C Daugherty
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 801 W. Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Sushma Nagaraj
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 801 W. Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Naomi Sengamalay
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 801 W. Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Sandra Ott
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 801 W. Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Al Godinez
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 801 W. Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Luke J Tallon
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 801 W. Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Lisa Sadzewicz
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 801 W. Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Claire Fraser
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 801 W. Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 801 W. Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Julie C Dunning Hotopp
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 801 W. Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 801 W. Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Yasuko Rikihisa
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, 1925 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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12
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Cicala F, Moore JD, Cáceres-Martínez J, Del Río-Portilla MA, Hernández-Rodríguez M, Vásquez-Yeomans R, Rocha-Olivares A. Multigenetic characterization of 'Candidatus Xenohaliotis californiensis'. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2016; 67:42-49. [PMID: 27902186 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.001563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
'Candidatus Xenohaliotis californiensis' (or Ca.Xc) is the aetiological agent of withering syndrome, a chronic wasting disease affecting most if not all North American species of abalone, and has been described as a Rickettsiales-like prokaryote. Genetic data regarding this species are limited to the 16S rRNA gene. The inability to grow it axenically has hindered its genetic and genomic characterization and, in consequence, a thorough analysis of its systematics. Here, we amplified and sequenced five genes (16S rRNA, 23S rRNA, ftsZ, virD4 and virB11) of Ca.Xc from infected abalone to analyse its phylogenetic position. Phylogenies from concatenated DNA and amino acid sequences with representative genera of most Rickettsiales unequivocally place Ca.Xc in the family Anaplasmataceae. Furthermore, the family has two reciprocally monophyletic lineages: one leading to (Neorickettsia, Ca.Xc) and the other to ((Ehrlichia, Anaplasma), Wolbachia)). A molecular-clock Bayesian reconstruction places Ca.Xc as the most basal lineage in Anaplasmataceae. These phylogenetic hypotheses shed light on patterns of host evolution and of ecological transitions. Specifically, Neorickettsia and Ca.Xc inhabit aquatic hosts whereas the remaining Anaplasmataceae are found in terrestrial hosts. Additionally, our evolutionary timeline places the directly transmitted marine Ca.Xc as the basal Anaplasmataceae, ancestral to both freshwater and terrestrial species with adaptations leading to more complex life cycles involving intermediate vectors or reservoir species; this supports the hypothesis of a marine origin for this bacterial family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Cicala
- Molecular Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biological Oceanography, CICESE, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana 3918, Ensenada Baja California 22860, Mexico
| | - James D Moore
- Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California at Davis, PO Box 247, Bodega Bay, CA, USA
| | - Jorge Cáceres-Martínez
- Department of Aquaculture, CICESE, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana 3918, Ensenada Baja California 22860, Mexico
| | - Miguel A Del Río-Portilla
- Department of Aquaculture, CICESE, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana 3918, Ensenada Baja California 22860, Mexico
| | - Mónica Hernández-Rodríguez
- Department of Aquaculture, CICESE, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana 3918, Ensenada Baja California 22860, Mexico
| | - Rebeca Vásquez-Yeomans
- Department of Aquaculture, CICESE, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana 3918, Ensenada Baja California 22860, Mexico
| | - Axayácatl Rocha-Olivares
- Molecular Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biological Oceanography, CICESE, Carretera Ensenada-Tijuana 3918, Ensenada Baja California 22860, Mexico
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Genetic divergence of human pathogens Nanophyetus spp. (Trematoda: Troglotrematidae) on the opposite sides of the Pacific Rim. Parasitology 2016; 144:601-612. [DOI: 10.1017/s0031182016002171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARYHuman and animal nanophyetiasis is caused by intestinal flukes belonging to the genus Nanophyetus distributed on both North American and Eurasian coasts of Northern Pacific. In spite of the wide geographical distribution and medical and veterinary importance of these flukes, the intra-generic taxonomy of Nanophyetus spp. remains unresolved. The two most widely distributed nominal species, Nanophyetus salmincola and Nanophyetus schikhobalowi, both parasitizing humans and carnivorous mammals, were described from North America and eastern Eurasia, respectively. However, due to their high morphological similarity their interrelationships remained unclear and taxonomic status unstable. In this study, we explored genetic diversity of Nanophyetus spp. from the Southern Russian Far East in comparison with that of samples from North America based on the sequence variation of the nuclear ribosomal gene family (18S, internal transcribed spacers, ITS1-5·8S-ITS2 and 28S). High levels of genetic divergence in each rDNA region (nucleotide substitutions, indels, alterations in the secondary structures of the ITS1 and ITS2 transcripts) as well as results of phylogenetic analysis provided strong support for the status of N. salmincola and N. schikhobalowi as independent species.
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Greiman SE, Tkach VV, Pulis E, Fayton TJ, Curran SS. Large scale screening of digeneans for Neorickettsia endosymbionts using real-time PCR reveals new Neorickettsia genotypes, host associations and geographic records. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98453. [PMID: 24911315 PMCID: PMC4049572 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Digeneans are endoparasitic flatworms with complex life cycles including one or two intermediate hosts (first of which is always a mollusk) and a vertebrate definitive host. Digeneans may harbor intracellular endosymbiotic bacteria belonging to the genus Neorickettsia (order Rickettsiales, family Anaplasmataceae). Some Neorickettsia are able to invade cells of the digenean's vertebrate host and are known to cause diseases of wildlife and humans. In this study we report the results of screening 771 digenean samples for Neorickettsia collected from various vertebrates in terrestrial, freshwater, brackish, and marine habitats in the United States, China and Australia. Neorickettsia were detected using a newly designed real-time PCR protocol targeting a 152 bp fragment of the heat shock protein coding gene, GroEL, and verified with nested PCR and sequencing of a 1371 bp long region of 16S rRNA. Eight isolates of Neorickettsia have been obtained. Sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that 7 of these isolates, provisionally named Neorickettsia sp. 1-7 (obtained from allocreadiid Crepidostomum affine, haploporids Saccocoelioides beauforti and Saccocoelioides lizae, faustulid Bacciger sprenti, deropegid Deropegus aspina, a lecithodendriid, and a pleurogenid) represent new genotypes and one (obtained from Metagonimoides oregonensis) was identical to a published sequence of Neorickettsia known as SF agent. All digenean species reported in this study represent new host records. Three of the 6 digenean families (Haploporidae, Pleurogenidae, and Faustulidae) are also reported for the first time as hosts of Neorickettsia. We have detected Neorickettsia in digeneans from China and Australia for the first time based on PCR and sequencing evidence. Our findings suggest that further surveys from broader geographic regions and wider selection of digenean taxa are likely to reveal new Neorickettsia lineages as well as new digenean host associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen E. Greiman
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States of America
| | - Vasyl V. Tkach
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States of America
| | - Eric Pulis
- Department of Coastal Sciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, Ocean Springs, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Thomas J. Fayton
- Department of Coastal Sciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, Ocean Springs, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Stephen S. Curran
- Department of Coastal Sciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, Ocean Springs, Mississippi, United States of America
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Greiman SE, Tkach VV, Vaughan JA. Transmission rates of the bacterial endosymbiont, Neorickettsia risticii, during the asexual reproduction phase of its digenean host, Plagiorchis elegans, within naturally infected lymnaeid snails. Parasit Vectors 2013; 6:303. [PMID: 24383453 PMCID: PMC3924192 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-6-303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neorickettsia are obligate intracellular bacterial endosymbionts of digenean parasites present in all lifestages of digeneans. Quantitative information on the transmission of neorickettsial endosymbionts throughout the complex life cycles of digeneans is lacking. This study quantified the transmission of Neorickettsia during the asexual reproductive phase of a digenean parasite, Plagiorchis elegans, developing within naturally parasitized lymnaeid pond snails. METHODS Lymnaea stagnalis snails were collected from 3 ponds in Nelson County, North Dakota and screened for the presence of digenean cercariae. Cercariae were identified to species by PCR and sequencing of the 28S rRNA gene. Neorickettsia infections were initially detected using nested PCR and sequencing of a partial 16S rRNA gene of pooled cercariae shed from each parasitized snail. Fifty to 100 single cercariae or sporocysts were isolated from each of six parasitized snails and tested for the presence of Neorickettsia using nested PCR to estimate the efficiency at which Neorickettsia were transmitted to cercariae during asexual development of the digenean. RESULTS A total of 616 L. stagnalis were collected and 240 (39%) shed digenean cercariae. Of these, 18 (8%) were Neorickettsia-positive. Six Neorickettsia infections were selected to determine the transmission efficiency of Neorickettsia from mother to daughter sporocyst and from daughter sporocyst to cercaria. The prevalence of neorickettsiae in cercariae varied from 11 to 91%. The prevalence of neorickettsiae in sporocysts from one snail was 100%. CONCLUSION Prevalence of Neorickettsia infection in cercariae of Plagiorchis elegans was variable and never reached 100%. Reasons for this are speculative, however, the low prevalence of Neorickettsia observed in some of our samples (11 to 52%) differs from the high prevalence of other, related bacterial endosymbionts, e.g. Wolbachia in Wolbachia-dependent filariid nematodes, where the prevalence among progeny is universally 100%. This suggests that, unlike the Wolbachia-filaria relationship, the Neorickettsia-digenean relationship is not obligatory mutualism. Our study represents the first quantitative estimate of the Neorickettsia transmission through the asexual phase of the digenean life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen E Greiman
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, 10 Cornell St,, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202, USA.
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Allison RW, Little SE. Diagnosis of rickettsial diseases in dogs and cats. Vet Clin Pathol 2013; 42:127-44. [DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin W. Allison
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology; Center for Veterinary Health Sciences; Oklahoma State University; Stillwater; OK; USA
| | - Susan E. Little
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology; Center for Veterinary Health Sciences; Oklahoma State University; Stillwater; OK; USA
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Vaughan JA, Tkach VV, Greiman SE. Neorickettsial endosymbionts of the digenea: diversity, transmission and distribution. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2012; 79:253-97. [PMID: 22726644 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-398457-9.00003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Digeneans are endoparasitic flatworms with complex life cycles and distinct life stages that parasitize different host species. Some digenean species harbour bacterial endosymbionts known as Neorickettsia (Order Rickettsiales, Family Anaplasmataceae). Neorickettsia occur in all life stages and are maintained by vertical transmission. Far from benign however, Neorickettsia may also be transmitted horizontally by digenean parasites to their vertebrate definitive hosts. Once inside, Neorickettsia can infect macrophages and other cell types. In some vertebrate species (e.g. dogs, horses and humans), neorickettsial infections cause severe disease. Taken from a mostly parasitological perspective, this article summarizes our current knowledge on the transmission ecology of neorickettsiae, both for pathogenic species and for neorickettsiae of unknown pathogenicity. In addition, we discuss the diversity, phylogeny and geographical distribution of neorickettsiae, as well as their possible evolutionary associations with various groups of digeneans. Our understanding of neorickettsiae is at an early stage and there are undoubtedly many more neorickettsial endosymbioses with digeneans waiting to be discovered. Because neorickettsiae can infect vertebrates, it is particularly important to examine digenean species that regularly infect humans. Rapid advances in molecular tools and their application towards bacterial identification bode well for our future progress in understanding the biology of Neorickettsia.
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Johns JL. Salmon poisoning disease in dogs: A satisfying diagnosis. Vet J 2011; 187:149-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2009.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2009] [Accepted: 11/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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