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Zhang K, Zhang J, Qiu Z, Zhang K, Liang F, Zhou Q, Wang L, Li J. Prevalence characteristic of BVDV in some large scale dairy farms in Western China. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:961337. [PMID: 35968024 PMCID: PMC9366859 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.961337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence characteristic of Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in some large scale dairy farms in Western China. BVDV was detected in 30 samples of bulk tank milk (BTM) collected from 30 large dairy farms in 7 provinces of western China, 93.33% (28/30) of the farms were infected with BVDV, and S/P ratio was over 0.3 in 28 positive farms. The individual status was further estimated in the dairy farm (No. 10) with the highest positive rate (S/P ratio = 1.37) and the dairy farm (No. 17) with the lowest positive rate (S/P ratio = 0.39). Two hundred cows were, respectively, selected from calf, young cows and lactating cows in farm No. 10 and farm No. 17 and the serum sample of each enrolled cow was collected. The individual positive rate of serum antibody (Ab) was 87.17% (523/600) in farm No. 10 and 31.33% (188/600) in farm No. 17. The individual positive ratio of serum antibody in calves, young cows and lactating cows were 41.75 % (167/400), 58.75% (235/400) and 77.25% (309/400), respectively. BTM Ab of farm No. 10 has an S/P ratio more than 1.0, which indicated there were emergent or persistent infection (PI) cases, and further test showed that PI cases were 0.51% in farm No. 10. Pathogens were positive in 42.34% (163/385) of nasal mucus samples collected from cows with respiratory symptom, and BVDV cases were 57 in 163 positive samples. Three strains of NCP BVDV-1, one strain of CP BVDV-1, one strain of NCP BVDV-2 and one strain of CP BVDV-2 were successfully isolated. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the subtypes of BVDV currently prevalent in western China were BVDV-1a, BVDV-1m, BVDV-1q and BVDV-2. The findings suggested that the BVDV infection is serious in some Large Scale Dairy Farms in Western China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Zhang
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jingyan Zhang
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhengying Qiu
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fenfen Liang
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qiaoni Zhou
- Shenzhen Bioeasy Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Wang
| | - Jianxi Li
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Jianxi Li
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Aragaw K, Regassa F, Sibhat B, Abayneh T, Gelaye E, Deresse G, Egan S, Asmare K. Seroprevalence and association of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) serostatus with reproductive problems in dairy cattle in central and southern Ethiopia. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:471. [PMID: 34550482 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02904-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) is an economically important cattle disease with worldwide distribution and characterized mainly by suboptimal fertility in the affected herds. The objectives of this study were to estimate the seroprevalence of BVDV within dairy cattle, to identify potential risk factors, and to assess the association with occurrence of reproductive problems. Sera (n = 954) collected from dairy cattle from 98 herds in southern and central Ethiopia were tested for BVDV antibodies using a commercial ELISA. Among screened sera samples, 20.9% (95% CI, 18.4, 23.6) tested positive to BVDV antibodies. The herd prevalence was 50% (95% CI, 40.1, 59.9) and the intra-herd prevalence ranged between 2.6 and 100% (mean = 31.4%) in positive herds. Geographic region, herd size, and animal arrangement in the farm had significant association with serostatus (p < 0.05). Cattle from southern Ethiopia and herds of large size had 2.8 (95% CI, 1.9, 4.2) and 2.6 (95% CI, 1.5, 4.6) times higher odds of being seropositive compared to their counterparts, respectively. Serostatus to BVDV was associated with history of anestrus, repeat breeding (RB), mastitis, and extended calving interval (CI) (p < 0.05). Animals with history of extended CI and mastitis were 1.7 (95% CI, 1.0, 2.7) and 2.2 (95% CI, 1.5, 3.2) times more likely to be seropositive compared with those with normal CI and no history of mastitis, respectively. On the other hand, animals with history of anestrus and RB were less likely to be seropositive to BVDV compared to cattle with no such history. Sera from 26 selected cattle were also examined using reverse transcription (RT)-PCR for detection of BVDV RNA; however, all samples tested were negative for the presence of BVDV nucleic acid. Our study highlights the variation in BVDV status within Ethiopian dairy herds, and association with some important reproductive performance traits and potential risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassaye Aragaw
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hawassa University, P.O. Box 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia.
| | - Fekadu Regassa
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 34, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
| | - Berhanu Sibhat
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Takele Abayneh
- National Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 19, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
| | - Esayas Gelaye
- National Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 19, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
| | - Getaw Deresse
- National Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 19, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
| | - Sharon Egan
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Kassahun Asmare
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hawassa University, P.O. Box 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia
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Musiu S, Castillo YP, Muigg A, Pürstinger G, Leyssen P, Froeyen M, Neyts J, Paeshuyse J. Quinolinecarboxamides Inhibit the Replication of the Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus by Targeting a Hot Spot for the Inhibition of Pestivirus Replication in the RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25061283. [PMID: 32178258 PMCID: PMC7144022 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), a pestivirus from the family of Flaviviridae is ubiquitous and causes a range of clinical manifestations in livestock, mainly cattle. Two quinolinecarboxamide analogues were identified in a CPE-based screening effort, as selective inhibitors of the in vitro bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) replication, i.e., TO505-6180/CSFCI (average EC50 = 0.07 µM, SD = 0.02 µM, CC50 > 100 µM) and TO502-2403/CSFCII (average EC50 = 0.2 µM, SD = 0.06 µM, CC50 > 100 µM). The initial antiviral activity observed for both hits against BVDV was corroborated by measuring the inhibitory effect on viral RNA synthesis and the production of infectious virus. Modification of the substituents on the quinolinecarboxamide scaffold resulted in analogues that proved about 7-fold more potent (average EC50 = 0.03 with a SD = 0.01 µM) and that were devoid of cellular toxicity, for the concentration range tested (SI = 3333). CSFCII resistant BVDV variants were selected and were found to carry the F224P mutation in the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), whereas CSFCI resistant BVDV carried two mutations in the same region of the RdRp, i.e., N264D and F224Y. Likewise, molecular modeling revealed that F224P/Y and N264D are located in a small cavity near the fingertip domain of the pestivirus polymerase. CSFC-resistant BVDV proved to be cross-resistant to earlier reported pestivirus inhibitors (BPIP, AG110, LZ37, and BBP) that are known to target the same region of the RdRp. CSFC analogues did not inhibit the in vitro activity of recombinant BVDV RdRp but inhibited the activity of BVDV replication complexes (RCs). CSFC analogues likely interact with the fingertip of the pestivirus RdRp at the same position as BPIP, AG110, LZ37, and BBP. This indicates that this region is a “hot spot” for the inhibition of pestivirus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Musiu
- KU Leuven University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yunierkis Perez Castillo
- Bio-Cheminformatics Research Group and Escuela de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Las Americas, 170150 Quito, Ecuador
| | - Alexandra Muigg
- Institut für Pharmazie, Abteilung Pharmazeutische Chemie, Universität Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gerhard Pürstinger
- Institut für Pharmazie, Abteilung Pharmazeutische Chemie, Universität Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Pieter Leyssen
- KU Leuven University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mathy Froeyen
- KU Leuven University, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan Neyts
- KU Leuven University, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Leuven, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Paeshuyse
- KU Leuven, Division Animal and Human Health Engineering, Laboratory for host pathogen interactions, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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Musiu S, Leyssen P, Froeyen M, Chezal JM, Neyts J, Paeshuyse J. 3-(imidazo[1,2-a:5,4-b']dipyridin-2-yl)aniline inhibits pestivirus replication by targeting a hot spot drug binding pocket in the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Antiviral Res 2016; 129:99-103. [PMID: 26970496 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The compound 3-(imidazo[1,2-a:5,4-b']dipyridin-2-yl)aniline (CF02334) was identified as a selective inhibitor of the cytopathic effect (CPE) caused by bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in a virus-cell-based assay. The EC50-values for inhibition of CPE, viral RNA synthesis and the production of infectious virus progeny were 13.0 ± 0.6 μM, 2.6 ± 0.9 μM and 17.8 ± 0.6 μM, respectively. CF02334 was found to be inactive in the hepatitis C subgenomic replicon system. CF02334-resistant BVDV was obtained and was found to carry the N264D mutation in the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). Molecular modeling revealed that N264D is located in a small cavity near the fingertip domain of the pestivirus polymerase. CF02334-resistant BVDV was proven to be cross-resistant to BPIP, AG110 and LZ37, inhibitors that have previously been described to target the same region of the BVDV RdRp. CF02334 did not inhibit the in vitro activity of recombinant BVDV RdRp, but did inhibit the activity of BVDV replication complexes. Taken together, these observations indicate that CF02334 likely interacts with the fingertip of the pestivirus RdRp at the same position as BPIP, AG110 and LZ37, which marks this region of the viral polymerase as a "hot spot" for inhibition of pestivirus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Musiu
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter Leyssen
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mathy Froeyen
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Medicinal Chemistry, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jean-Michel Chezal
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Université d'Auvergne, IMTV, BP 10448, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Inserm, UMR 990, IMTV, F-63005, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Johan Neyts
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Jan Paeshuyse
- KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Division Animal and Human Health Engineering, Laboratory for Host Pathogen Interactions, Kasteelpark Arenberg 30, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
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Musiu S, Pürstinger G, Stallinger S, Vrancken R, Haegeman A, Koenen F, Leyssen P, Froeyen M, Neyts J, Paeshuyse J. Substituted 2,6-bis(benzimidazol-2-yl)pyridines: a novel chemical class of pestivirus inhibitors that targets a hot spot for inhibition of pestivirus replication in the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Antiviral Res 2014; 106:71-9. [PMID: 24680957 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2014.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
2,6-Bis(benzimidazol-2-yl)pyridine (BBP/CSFA-0) was identified in a CPE-based screening as a selective inhibitor of the in vitro bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) replication. The EC50-values for the inhibition of BVDV-induced cytopathic (CPE) effect, viral RNA synthesis and the production of infectious virus were 0.3±0.1μM, 0.05±0.01μM and 0.3±0.04μM, respectively. Furthermore, BBP/CSFA-0 inhibits the in vitro replication of the classical swine fever virus (CSFV) with an EC50 of 0.33±0.25μM. BBP/CSFA-0 proved in vitro inactive against the hepatitis C virus, that belongs like BVDV and CSFV to the family of Flaviviridae. Modification of the substituents on the two 1H-benzimidazole groups of BBP resulted in analogues equipotent in anti-BVDV activity (EC50=0.7±0.1μM), devoid of cytotoxicity (S.I.=142). BBP resistant BVDV was selected for and was found to carry the I261M mutation in the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). Likewise, BBP-resistant CSFV was selected for; this variant carries either an I261N or a P262A mutation in NS5B. Molecular modeling revealed that I261 and P262 are located in a small cavity near the fingertip domain of the pestivirus polymerase. BBP-resistant BVDV and CSFV proved to be cross-resistant to earlier reported pestivirus inhibitors (BPIP, AG110 and LZ37) that are known to target the same region of the RdRp. BBP did not inhibit the in vitro activity of recombinant BVDV RdRp but inhibited the activity of BVDV replication complexes (RCs). BBP interacts likely with the fingertip of the pestivirus RdRp at the same position as BPIP, AG110 and LZ37. This indicates that this region is a "hot spot" for inhibition of pestivirus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Musiu
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gerhard Pürstinger
- Institut für Pharmazie, Abteilung Pharmazeutische Chemie, Universität Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sylvia Stallinger
- Institut für Pharmazie, Abteilung Pharmazeutische Chemie, Universität Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Andy Haegeman
- CODA-CERVA, Groeselenberg 99, B-1180 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Frank Koenen
- CODA-CERVA, Groeselenberg 99, B-1180 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Pieter Leyssen
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mathy Froeyen
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan Neyts
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Jan Paeshuyse
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) continues to be of economic significance to the livestock industry in terms of acute disease and fetal loss. Many of the lesions relating to BVDV infection have been well described previously. The virus is perpetuated in herds through the presence of calves that are persistently infected. Relationships between various species and biotypes of BVDV and host defenses are increasingly understood. Understanding of the host defense mechanisms of innate immunity and adaptive immunity continues to improve, and the effects of the virus on these immune mechanisms are being used to explain how persistent infection develops. The noncytopathic biotype of BVDV plays the major role in its effects on the host defenses by inhibiting various aspects of the innate immune system and creation of immunotolerance in the fetus during early gestation. Recent advances have allowed for development of affordable test strategies to identify and remove persistently infected animals. With these improved tests and removal strategies, the livestock industry can begin more widespread effective control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. W. Brodersen
- Nebraska Veterinary Diagnostic Center, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
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Brenner J, Batten C, Yadin H, Bumbarov V, Friedgut O, Rotenberg D, Golender N, Oura CAL. Clinical syndromes associated with the circulation of multiple serotypes of bluetongue virus in dairy cattle in Israel. Vet Rec 2011; 169:389. [PMID: 21862467 DOI: 10.1136/vr.d4629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
From 2008 to 2011, seven distinct bluetongue virus (BTV) serotypes (BTV-2, BTV-4, BTV-5, BTV-8, BTV-15, BTV-16 and BTV-24) have been identified to be circulating in diseased sheep and cattle in Israel. This paper describes the array of clinical manifestations caused by BTV in cattle in Israel. Each set of clinical manifestations has been categorised as a syndrome and six distinct clinical syndromes have been observed in dairy cattle: 'footrot-like syndrome', 'sore nose syndrome', 'subcutaneous emphysema syndrome', 'red/rough udder syndrome', 'bluetongue/epizootic haemorrhagic disease systemic syndrome' and 'maladjustment syndrome'.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Brenner
- Kimron Veterinary Institute, PO Box 12, Beit Dagan 50250, Israel.
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