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Guo M, Li Y, Tang J, Wang Q, Wang Q, Zhou H, Lin H, Ma Z, Fan H. Glaesserella parasuis serotype 4 exploits fibronectin via RlpA for tracheal colonization following porcine circovirus type 2 infection. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012513. [PMID: 39264911 PMCID: PMC11392263 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) often causes disease through coinfection with other bacterial pathogens, including Glaesserella parasuis (G. parasuis), which causes high morbidity and mortality, but the role played by PCV2 and bacterial and host factors contributing to this process have not been defined. Bacterial attachment is assumed to occur via specific receptor-ligand interactions between adhesins on the bacterial cell and host proteins adsorbed to the implant surface. Mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of PCV2-infected swine tracheal epithelial cells (STEC) revealed that the expression of Extracellular matrix protein (ECM) Fibronectin (Fn) increased significantly on the infected cells surface. Importantly, efficient G. parasuis serotype 4 (GPS4) adherence to STECs was imparted by interactions with Fn. Furthermore, abrogation of adherence was gained by genetic knockout of Fn, Fn and Integrin β1 antibody blocking. Fn is frequently exploited as a receptor for bacterial pathogens. To explore the GPS4 adhesin that interacts with Fn, recombinant Fn N-terminal type I and type II domains were incubated with GPS4, and the interacting proteins were pulled down for MS analysis. Here, we show that rare lipoprotein A (RlpA) directly interacts with host Fibronectin mediating GPS4 adhesion. Finally, we found that PCV2-induced Fibronectin expression and adherence of GPS4 were prevented significantly by TGF-β signaling pathway inhibitor SB431542. Our data suggest the RlpA-Fn interaction to be a potentially promising novel therapeutic target to combat PCV2 and GPS4 coinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengru Guo
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuhui Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinsheng Tang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Qiancheng Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huixing Lin
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhe Ma
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongjie Fan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, China
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An J, Cai J, Zhang B, Li Y. Pili Subunit PilA Contributes to the Cytoadhesion of Glaesserella Parasuis to Host Cells and Provides Immunoprotection. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0200222. [PMID: 36920203 PMCID: PMC10132109 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02002-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaesserella parasuis (G. parasuis) is commonly located in the upper respiratory tract of pigs as an opportunistic pathogen. It can cause Glässer's disease, which leads to serious economic losses in the swine industry. The occurrence of the disease is often linked with the adhesion and colonization of the pathogen. The PilA pilus subunit is important for adhesion to the host, twitching motility, and biofilm formation in many bacteria. However, no research has focused on the function of PilA in G. parasuis. To further reveal the pathogenesis of G. parasuis and to search for subunit vaccine candidates, we investigated whether PilA could adhere to cells and provide immune protection. A bioinformatic analysis showed that the protein secondary structure of the G. parasuis PilA was similar to that of Haemophilus influenzae (HI). Cell adhesion, ELISA, and far-Western blotting showed that rPilA could bind porcine-derived, porcine kidney-15 (PK-15) cells, swine tracheal epithelial cells (STECs), and the extracellular matrix components fibronectin (FN) and laminin (LN). An immunogenicity analysis showed that recombinant PilA (rPilA) reacted specifically with convalescent and hyperimmune serum. Importantly, purified rPilA elicited a strong immune response and conferred robust protection against challenges with serovar 5 G. parasuis in mice. These results suggested that the PilA protein might help G. parasuis adhere to host cells by binding to FN and LN, and its immunogenicity establishes it as a promising, novel subunit vaccine candidate against infections with G. parasuis. IMPORTANCE G. parasuis is one of the most prevalent bacterial infections in swine production and can lead to huge economic losses around the world. A full understanding of colonization and immunity with G. parasuis infections will be essential in disease control. In this study, the PilA protein, which is a common virulence factor in other bacteria that mediates adherence to the host, was assessed. The results suggested that the PilA protein of G. parasuis can mediate adhesion to host cells through FN and LN, which provides a new idea for the study of the pathogenicity of G. parasuis. Furthermore, fimbriae usually have high immunogenicity. Immunogenicity and protective capacity results showed that the use of this recombinant PilA antigen might be a promising candidate vaccine antigen with which to prevent G. parasuis infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui An
- Key Laboratory of Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinshuang Cai
- Key Laboratory of Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Baoge Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yufeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Zhang X, Lin Y, Xu X, Wen S, Wang Z, Gu J, He Q, Cai X. HtrA is involved in stress response and adhesion in Glaesserella parasuis serovar 5 strain Nagasaki. Vet Microbiol 2023; 282:109748. [PMID: 37120968 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Glaesserella parasuis is an important pathogen that causes fibrinous polyserositis, peritonitis and meningitis in pigs, leading to considerable economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. It is well established that the serine protease HtrA is closely associated with bacterial virulence, but the role of HtrA in G. parasuis pathogenesis remains largely unknown. To characterize the function of the htrA gene in G. parasuis, a ΔhtrA mutant was constructed. We found that the ΔhtrA mutant showed significant growth inhibition under heat shock and alkaline stress conditions, indicating HtrA is involved in stress tolerance and survival of G. parasuis. In addition, deletion of htrA gene resulted in decreased adherence to PIEC and PK-15 cells and increased phagocytic resistance to 3D4/2 macrophages, suggesting that htrA is essential for adherence of G. parasuis. Scanning electron microscopy revealed morphological surface changes of the ΔhtrA mutant, and transcription analysis confirmed that a number of adhesion-associated genes are downregulated, which corroborated the aforementioned phenomenon. Furthermore, G. parasuis HtrA induced a potent antibody response in piglets with Glässer's disease. These observations confirmed that the htrA gene is related to the survival and pathogenicity of G. parasuis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaojuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Siting Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhichao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiayun Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qigai He
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xuwang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Wang H, Yuan L, Wang T, Cao L, Liu F, Song J, Zhang Y. Construction of the waaF Subunit and DNA Vaccine Against Escherichia coli in Cow Mastitis and Preliminary Study on Their Immunogenicity. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:877685. [PMID: 35647105 PMCID: PMC9134013 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.877685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli (E. coli) is one of the major pathogenic bacteria in bovine mastitis, which usually triggers systemic symptoms by releasing lipopolysaccharide (LPS). waaF is the core in LPS pathogenicity. In this study, a new waaF vaccine candidate was identified, constructed with the pcDNA3.1 (+)HisB-waaF plasmid to create to a DNA vaccine (pcwaaF), and transfected into MCF-7 cells to produce recombinant waaF subunit vaccine (rwaaF). After that, the safety of the two vaccine candidates was evaluated in mouse model. Immunogenicity and mortality of challenged mice were compared in 20 and 40 μg per dose, respectively. The results showed that rwaaF and pcwaaF were successfully constructed and the complete blood count and serum biochemical indicated that both of the vaccine candidates were safe (p > 0.05). In addition, histopathological staining showed no obvious pathological changes. The immune response induced by rwaaF was significantly higher than that of pcwaaF (p < 0.01), indicated by levels of serum concentration of IgG IL-2, IL-4, and IFN-γ, and feces concentration of sIgA. Survival rates of mice in rwaaF groups (both 80%) were also higher than in the pcwaaF groups (40 and 50%, respectively). Comparing the safety, immunogenicity, and E. coli challenge of two vaccine candidates, rwaaF had the better effect and 20 μg rwaaF was more economical. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the utility of a new E. coli vaccine and provides a rationale for further investigation of bovine mastitis therapy and management.
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Zhang K, Chu P, Song S, Yang D, Bian Z, Li Y, Gou H, Jiang Z, Cai R, Li C. Proteome Analysis of Outer Membrane Vesicles From a Highly Virulent Strain of Haemophilus parasuis. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:756764. [PMID: 34901247 PMCID: PMC8662722 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.756764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis has emerged as an important bacterial pathogen in pig husbandry, as H. parasuis can coinfect pigs with a variety of pathogenic microorganisms and further cause an aggravation of the disease. It is crucial to investigate its pathogenetic mechanism. Gram-negative bacteria naturally secrete outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), and their potent virulence factors play prominent roles that affect the interaction between bacteria and host. Still, the pathogenesis that is associated with the bacterial OMVs has not been well-elucidated. In this study, we investigated the secretion of OMVs from a clinical H. parasuis isolate strain (H45). In addition, we further analyzed the characterization, the comprehensive proteome, and the virulence potential of OMVs. Our data demonstrated that H. parasuis could secrete OMVs into the extracellular milieu during infection. Using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) identification and bio-information analysis, we identified 588 different proteins associated with OMVs. Also, we also analyzed the subcellular location and biological function of those proteins. These proteins are mainly involved in immune and iron metabolism. Moreover, we confirmed the pathogenicity of H. parasuis OMVs by observing a strong inflammatory response in J774A.1 and porcine alveolar macrophages. Taken together, our findings suggested that OMVs from H. parasuis were involved in the pathogenesis of this bacterium during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunli Zhang
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China.,Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong, China
| | - Pinpin Chu
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China.,Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuai Song
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China.,Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongxia Yang
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China.,Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhibiao Bian
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China.,Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China.,Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongchao Gou
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China.,Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiyong Jiang
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China.,Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong, China
| | - Rujian Cai
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China.,Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunling Li
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China.,Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong, China
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JIA YC, CHEN X, ZHOU YY, YAN P, GUO Y, YIN RL, YUAN J, WANG LX, WANG XZ, YIN RH. Application of mouse model for evaluation of recombinant LpxC and GmhA as novel antigenic vaccine candidates of Glaesserella parasuis serotype 13. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:1500-1508. [PMID: 34393140 PMCID: PMC8569868 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaesserella parasuis (G. parasuis) has been one of the bacteria affecting the large-scale swine industry. Lack of an effective vaccine has limited control of the disease, which has an effect on prevalence. In order to improve the cross-protection of vaccines, development on subunit vaccines has become a hot spot. In this study, we firstly cloned the lpxC and gmhA genes from G. parasuis serotype 13 isolates, and expressed and purified their proteins. The results showed that LpxC and GmhA can stimulate mice to produce IgG antibodies. Through testing the cytokine levels of interleukin 4 (IL-4), IL-10 and interferon-γ (IFN-γ), it is found that recombinant GmhA, the mixed LpxC and GmhA can stimulate the body to produce Th1 and Th2 immune responses, while recombinant LpxC and inactivated bacteria can only produce Th2 immune responses. On the protection rate for mice, recombinant LpxC, GmhA and the mixture of LpxC and GmhA can provide 50%, 50% and 60% protection for lethal dose of G. parasuis infection, respectively. The partial protection achieved by the recombinant LpxC and GmhA supports their potential as novel vaccine candidate antigens against G. parasuis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong C. JIA
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast
China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine,
Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xin CHEN
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast
China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine,
Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yuan Y. ZHOU
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast
China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine,
Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Ping YAN
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast
China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine,
Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Ying GUO
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast
China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine,
Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Rong L. YIN
- Research Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine
Sciences of Jilin Province, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Jing YUAN
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast
China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine,
Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Lin X. WANG
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast
China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine,
Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xin Z. WANG
- Liaoning Agricultural Technical College, Yingkou, 115009,
China
| | - Rong H. YIN
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast
China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine,
Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
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Zhou YY, Wang C, Yuan J, Yin RL, Chen X, Li R, Zhang XL, Wang J, Huang C, Yin RH. Comparative Transcriptomic Analyses of Haemophilus parasuis Reveal Differently Expressed Genes among Strains with Different Virulence Degrees. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:1566-1576. [PMID: 33674900 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02417-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis is commonly found in the upper respiratory tract of the pigs. Some isolates of H. parasuis can lead to both pneumonia and Glässer's disease of pigs with severe clinical symptoms. The virulence-associated genes for the various degrees of virulence observed in H. parasuis remains poorly understood. In the present study, we identified the differentially expressed genes between YK1603 (non-virulent strain) and XM1602 (moderately virulent strain) or CY1201 (highly virulent strain) of H. parasuis using Illumina sequencing technique. In comparison to YK1603, a total of 195 genes were significantly changed in CY1201, of which 71 genes were up-regulated and 124 genes were down-regulated, whereas 705 genes were significantly changed in XM1602, of which 415 genes were up-regulated and 290 genes were down-regulated. The enriched analysis of Gene Ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways on the differentially expressed genes showed that both enriched main GO terms and KEGG pathways appear to be different between the two kinds of comparision: CY1201 versus YK1603, and XM1602 versus YK1603. Based on real-time PCR technique, on the whole, it was confirmed that the expression of ten genes: lpxL, tbpB, kdtA, waaQ, oapA, napA, ptsH, mmsA, lpxM, and lpxB were agreement with the findings in Illumina sequencing analysis. These identified genes might participate in the regulation of a wide range of biological process involved in virulence of H. parasuis, such as phosphotransferase system and ABC transporters. Our results from this study provide a new way to gain insight into the virulent mechanisms of H. parasuis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Y Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
- Liaoning Agricultural Technical College, Yingkou, 115009, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Rong L Yin
- Research Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine Sciences of Jilin Province, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Xue L Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Rong H Yin
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases in Northeast China, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
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Feng S, Chen A, Wang X, Pan Z, Xu S, Yu H, Zhang B, Liao M. The Glaesserella parasuis phosphoglucomutase is partially required for lipooligosaccharide synthesis. Vet Res 2020; 51:97. [PMID: 32736655 PMCID: PMC7393335 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-020-00822-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipooligosaccharides (LOSs) are virulence determinants of Glaesserella parasuis, a pathogen of the respiratory tract of pigs. We previously reported that disruption of the galU or galE gene in G. parasuis results in increased sensitivity to porcine serum, indicating that the galactose catabolism pathway is required for polysaccharide formation in G. parasuis. Here, we evaluated the role of the HAPS_0849 gene in LOS synthesis. The G. parasuis SC096 HAPS_0849 mutant produced a highly truncated LOS molecule, although a small fraction of intact LOS was still observed, and this mutant was found to be more sensitive to serum than the parental strain. HAPS_0849 was overexpressed and purified for biochemical assays, and this protein exhibited phosphoglucomutase (PGM) activity. Heterologous expression of a pgm gene from Escherichia coli in the HAPS_0849 mutant led to restoration of the wild-type LOS glycoform, further demonstrating the PGM function of HAPS_0849 in G. parasuis. The autoagglutination and biofilm formation ability of this strain were also investigated. Disruption of HAPS_0849 led to an increased tendency to autoagglutinate and form more biofilms, and these enhanced phenotypes were observed in the absence of glucose. In addition, LOSs from HAPS_0849, galU and lgtB mutants had similar truncated glycoforms, while LOSs from the galE and lex-1 mutants exhibited another type of defective LOS pattern. These findings imply that HAPS_0849 may function upstream of GalU in the generation of glucose 1-phosphate. In conclusion, our results preliminarily described the functions of HAPS_0849 in G. parasuis, and this gene was partially required for LOS synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saixiang Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Aihua Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhichao Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siqi Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiwen Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Liao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
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Van CN, Thanh TVT, Zou G, Jia M, Wang Q, Zhang L, Ding W, Huang Q, Zhou R. Characterization of serotypes and virulence genes of Haemophilus parasuis isolates from Central Vietnam. Vet Microbiol 2019; 230:117-122. [PMID: 30827376 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis is a commensal Gram-negative bacterial pathogen in the upper respiratory tract of pigs, which causes Glässer's disease. More than 15 serotypes of H. parasuis have been identified with apparent differences in virulence. In this research, we surveyed the prevalence and distribution of serotypes and known virulence genes of the H. parasuis isolates collected from sick and healthy pigs in Quang Binh and Thua Thien Hue provinces in Central Vietnam. By using bacterial isolation and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), 56 out of 814 (6.9%) samples were positive for H. parasuis. The most prevalent serotypes were serotype 5 (15/56, 26.8%), followed by serotype 2 (13/56, 23.2%) and serotype 4 (10/56, 17.9%). The vta1 was the most frequently detected virulence gene which was present in 62.5% of the strains, followed by vta3 (42.9%), vta2 (39.3%), HPM-1371 (35.7%), capD (30.4%), HPM-1372 (12.5%), lsgB and HPM-1373 (both shared 8.9%). Strong correlations between some serotypes and known virulence genes were observed, in which virulence genes HPM-1371, HPM-1372, vta3, vta2 and capD were mainly clustered in serotypes 5/12, and vta2 clustered in serotype 2. This study presents the first baseline information on the epidemiological characteristics of H. parasuis isolates from Central Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Nguyen Van
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Faculty of Animal Science, College of Agricultural and Forestry, Hue University, 102 Phung Hung Street, Hue City, Viet Nam
| | - Tam Vu Thi Thanh
- Mien Trung Institute for Scientific Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 321 Huynh Thuc Khang, Hue City, Viet Nam
| | - Geng Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ming Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qiaona Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wenge Ding
- HVSEN Biotech Co. Ltd., Wuhan, 430042, China
| | - Qi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Cooperative Innovation Center of Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China; International Research Center for Animal Diseases (MOST), Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Cooperative Innovation Center of Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China; International Research Center for Animal Diseases (MOST), Wuhan, 430070, China.
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10
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Fu S, Liu H, Chen X, Qiu Y, Ye C, Liu Y, Wu Z, Guo L, Hou Y, Hu CAA. Baicalin Inhibits Haemophilus Parasuis-Induced High-Mobility Group Box 1 Release during Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051307. [PMID: 29702580 PMCID: PMC5983759 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis (H. parasuis) can cause Glässer’s disease in pigs. However, the molecular mechanism of the inflammation response induced by H. parasuis remains unclear. The high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein is related to the pathogenesis of various infectious pathogens, but little is known about whether H. parasuis can induce the release of HMGB1 in piglet peripheral blood monocytes. Baicalin displays important anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial activities. In the present study, we investigated whether H. parasuis can trigger the secretion of HMGB1 in piglet peripheral blood monocytes and the anti-inflammatory effect of baicalin on the production of HMGB1 in peripheral blood monocytes induced by H. parasuis during the inflammation response. In addition, host cell responses stimulated by H. parasuis were determined with RNA-Seq. The RNA-Seq results showed that H. parasuis infection provokes the expression of cytokines and the activation of numerous pathways. In addition, baicalin significantly reduced the release of HMGB1 in peripheral blood monocytes induced by H. parasuis. Taken together, our study showed that H. parasuis can induce the release of HMGB1 and baicalin can inhibit HMGB1 secretion in an H. parasuis-induced peripheral blood monocytes model, which may provide a new strategy for preventing the inflammatory disorders induced by H. parasuis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Fu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Huashan Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Xiao Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Yinsheng Qiu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Chun Ye
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Yu Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Zhongyuan Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Ling Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Yongqing Hou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Chien-An Andy Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
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11
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Zeng Z, Chen X, Yue H, He H, Ren Y, Tang C, Zhang B. The effect of rfaD and rfaF of Haemophilus parasuis on lipooligosaccharide induced inflammation by NF-κB/MAPKs signaling in porcine alveolar macrophages. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 80:842-845. [PMID: 29628479 PMCID: PMC5989033 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.16-0586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In Haemophilus parasuis, the rfa cluster has been identified as a virulence-associated factor that is involved in lipooligosaccharide (LOS) biosynthesis.
In this study, we assessed the roles of rfaD and rfaF genes in H. parasuis SC096 on LOS-induced pro-inflammatory factors and the related
signaling pathways in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) by real-time PCR and western blotting. The results showed that the LOSs of both rfaD and rfaF
mutants (ΔrfaD-LOS and ΔrfaF-LOS) significantly decreased the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory factors (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α) in PAMs
compared with H. parasuis SC096 LOS (WT-LOS). Furthermore, in ΔrfaD-LOS- and ΔrfaF-LOS-treated cells, IκBα degradation was significantly
inhibited and levels of phospho-p65 and phospho-p38 were significantly reduced in PAMs. These findings suggested that the rfaD and rfaF genes mediated LOS
induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines in PAMs by regulating the NF-κB and MAPKs signaling pathways during H. parasuis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Zeng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xinnuo Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hua Yue
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Huan He
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yupeng Ren
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Cheng Tang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China
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12
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Zeng Z, Zhang B, He H, Chen X, Ren Y, Yue H, Tang C. lgtF effects of Haemophilus parasuis LOS induced inflammation through regulation of NF-κB and MAPKs signaling pathways. Microb Pathog 2017; 110:380-384. [PMID: 28716662 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The lgtF gene encodes a glucosyltransferase responsible for adding a glucose to the first sugar of heptose I in the synthesis of lipooligosaccharides (LOS). To study the function of lgtF, we constructed an lgtF mutant (ΔlgtF) from Haemophilus parasuis SC096 using a natural transformation system. A highly purified preparation of LOS from ΔlgtF (ΔlgtF-LOS) exhibited an obvious truncation in structure compared to the LOS of the wild-type SC096 strain (WT-LOS). The ΔlgtF-LOS also displayed a significantly reduced ability to induce inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1α (IL-1α), IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) in comparison with the WT-LOS. Furthermore, we also found that ΔlgtF-LOS-treated cells had significantly decreased phospho-p65 and phospho-p38, and inhibited IκBα degradation. These findings suggested that the lgtF gene mediated LOS induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines in PAMs by regulating the NF-κB and MAPKs signaling pathways during H. parasuis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Zeng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Huan He
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xinnuo Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yupeng Ren
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hua Yue
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Cheng Tang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China.
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13
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Feng S, Xu C, Yang K, Wang H, Fan H, Liao M. Either fadD1 or fadD2, Which Encode acyl-CoA Synthetase, Is Essential for the Survival of Haemophilus parasuis SC096. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:72. [PMID: 28361037 PMCID: PMC5350145 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In Haemophilus parasuis, the genes HAPS_0217 and HAPS_1695 are predicted to encode long-chain fatty acid-CoA ligases (FACSs). These proteins contain ATP/AMP signature motifs and FACS conserved motifs that are homologous to those in Escherichia coli FadD (EcFadD). In this study, we demonstrate that HAPS_0217 and HAPS_1695 can functionally replace EcFadD in the E. coli fadD mutant JW1794, and were thus designated fadD1 and fadD2, respectively. An evaluation of kinetic parameters indicated that FadD1 and FadD2 have a substrate preference for long-chain fatty acids. Moreover, FadD2 exhibited substrate inhibition in the presence of high concentrations of oleic acid. Single mutants of each of the fadD genes were easily constructed, whereas double mutants were not. These results were further confirmed using genomic site-directed mutagenesis, which supported the idea that H. parasuis requires either fadD1 or fadD2 for survival. The fadD1 mutant exhibited slower growth than the wild-type strain SC096, and its complementation resulted in a restored phenotype. The wild-type strain did not grow on chemically defined medium without the addition of oleic acid, indicating that lipids are a vital nutrient for this bacterium. Additionally, strains with a disrupted fadD1 gene also exhibited increased sensitivity to quinolone antibiotics, including levofloxacin, enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saixiang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine Innovation of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenggang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine Innovation of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaijie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine Innovation of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, China
| | - Haihong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms of Guangdong province, College of Life Science, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiying Fan
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine Innovation of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Liao
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine Innovation of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, China
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14
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Zhou Q, Feng S, Zhang J, Jia A, Yang K, Xing K, Liao M, Fan H. Two Glycosyltransferase Genes of Haemophilus parasuis SC096 Implicated in Lipooligosaccharide Biosynthesis, Serum Resistance, Adherence, and Invasion. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2016; 6:100. [PMID: 27672622 PMCID: PMC5018477 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis is a common opportunistic pathogen known for its ability to colonize healthy piglets and causes Glässer's disease. The lipooligosaccharide (LOS) of H. parasuis is a potential virulence-associated factor. In this study, two putative glycosyltransferases that might be involved in LOS synthesis in H. parasuis SC096 were identified (lgtB and lex-1). Mutants were constructed to investigate the roles of the lgtB and lex-1 genes. The LOS from the ΔlgtB or Δlex-1 mutant showed truncated structure on silver-stained SDS-PAGE gel compared to the wild-type strain. The ΔlgtB and Δlex-1 mutants were significantly more sensitive to 50% porcine serum, displaying 15.0 and 54.46% survival rates, respectively. Complementation of the lex-1 mutant restored the serum-resistant phenotype. Additionally, the ΔlgtB and Δlex-1 strains showed impaired ability to adhere to and invade porcine kidney epithelial cells (PK-15). The above results suggested that the lgtB and lex-1 genes of the H. parasuis SC096 strain participated in LOS synthesis and were involved in serum resistance, adhesion and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine Innovation of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, China
| | - Saixiang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine Innovation of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine Innovation of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, China
| | - Aiqing Jia
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine Innovation of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China; Guangdong Haid Institute of Animal Husbandry and VeterinaryGuangzhou, China
| | - Kaijie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine Innovation of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaixiang Xing
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine Innovation of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Liao
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine Innovation of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiying Fan
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Vaccine Innovation of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou, China
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15
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Characterization and Vaccine Potential of Outer Membrane Vesicles Produced by Haemophilus parasuis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149132. [PMID: 26930282 PMCID: PMC4773134 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis is a Gram-negative bacterium that colonizes the upper respiratory tract of swine and is capable of causing a systemic infection, resulting in high morbidity and mortality. H. parasuis isolates display a wide range of virulence and virulence factors are largely unknown. Commercial bacterins are often used to vaccinate swine against H. parasuis, though strain variability and lack of cross-reactivity can make this an ineffective means of protection. Outer membrane vesicles (OMV) are spherical structures naturally released from the membrane of bacteria and OMV are often enriched in toxins, signaling molecules and other bacterial components. Examination of OMV structures has led to identification of virulence factors in a number of bacteria and they have been successfully used as subunit vaccines. We have isolated OMV from both virulent and avirulent strains of H. parasuis, have examined their protein content and assessed their ability to induce an immune response in the host. Vaccination with purified OMV derived from the virulent H. parasuis Nagasaki strain provided protection against challenge with a lethal dose of the bacteria.
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16
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Bello-Ortí B, Howell KJ, Tucker AW, Maskell DJ, Aragon V. Metatranscriptomics reveals metabolic adaptation and induction of virulence factors by Haemophilus parasuis during lung infection. Vet Res 2015; 46:102. [PMID: 26395877 PMCID: PMC4580352 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-015-0225-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis is a common inhabitant of the upper respiratory tract of pigs, and the causative agent of Glässer’s disease. This disease is characterized by polyserositis and arthritis, produced by the severe inflammation caused by the systemic spread of the bacterium. After an initial colonization of the upper respiratory tract, H. parasuis enters the lung during the early stages of pig infection. In order to study gene expression at this location, we sequenced the ex vivo and in vivo H. parasuis Nagasaki transcriptome in the lung using a metatranscriptomic approach. Comparison of gene expression under these conditions with that found in conventional plate culture showed generally reduced expression of genes associated with anabolic and catabolic pathways, coupled with up-regulation of membrane-related genes involved in carbon acquisition, iron binding and pathogenesis. Some of the up-regulated membrane genes, including ABC transporters, virulence-associated autotransporters (vtaAs) and several hypothetical proteins, were only present in virulent H. parasuis strains, highlighting their significance as markers of disease potential. Finally, the analysis also revealed the presence of numerous antisense transcripts with possible roles in gene regulation. In summary, this data sheds some light on the scarcely studied in vivo transcriptome of H. parasuis, revealing nutritional virulence as an adaptive strategy for host survival, besides induction of classical virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Bello-Ortí
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
| | - Kate J Howell
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK.
| | - Alexander W Tucker
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK.
| | - Duncan J Maskell
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK.
| | - Virginia Aragon
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
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17
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Zhang L, Li Y, Dai K, Wen X, Wu R, Huang X, Jin J, Xu K, Yan Q, Huang Y, Ma X, Wen Y, Cao S. Establishment of a Successive Markerless Mutation System in Haemophilus parasuis through Natural Transformation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127393. [PMID: 25985077 PMCID: PMC4436007 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis, belonging to the family Pasteurellaceae, is the causative agent of Glässer's disease leading to serious economic losses. In this study, a successive markerless mutation system for H. parasuis using two sequential steps of natural transformation was developed. By the first homologous recombination, the target genes were replaced by a cassette carrying kanamycin resistance gene and sacB (which confers sensitivity to sucrose) gene using kanamycin selection, followed by the second reconstruction to remove the selection cassette, with application of sucrose to further screen unmarked mutants. To improve DNA transformation frequency, several parameters have been analyzed further in this work. With this method, two unmarked deletions in one strain have been generated successfully. It is demonstrated that this system can be employed to construct multi-gene scarless deletions, which is of great help for developing live attenuated vaccines for H. parasuis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luhua Zhang
- Porcine Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Ying Li
- Porcine Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Ke Dai
- Porcine Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Xintian Wen
- Porcine Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Rui Wu
- Porcine Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Porcine Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Jin Jin
- Porcine Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Kui Xu
- Porcine Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Qigui Yan
- Porcine Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Yong Huang
- Porcine Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Xiaoping Ma
- Porcine Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
| | - Yiping Wen
- Porcine Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
- * E-mail: (YW); (SC)
| | - Sanjie Cao
- Porcine Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, PR China
- * E-mail: (YW); (SC)
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18
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Moleres J, Santos-López A, Lázaro I, Labairu J, Prat C, Ardanuy C, González-Zorn B, Aragon V, Garmendia J. Novel blaROB-1-bearing plasmid conferring resistance to β-lactams in Haemophilus parasuis isolates from healthy weaning pigs. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:3255-67. [PMID: 25747001 PMCID: PMC4393459 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03865-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis, the causative agent of Glässer's disease, is one of the early colonizers of the nasal mucosa of piglets. It is prevalent in swine herds, and lesions associated with disease are fibrinous polyserositis and bronchopneumonia. Antibiotics are commonly used in disease control, and resistance to several antibiotics has been described in H. parasuis. Prediction of H. parasuis virulence is currently limited by our scarce understanding of its pathogenicity. Some genes have been associated with H. parasuis virulence, such as lsgB and group 1 vtaA, while biofilm growth has been associated with nonvirulent strains. In this study, 86 H. parasuis nasal isolates from farms that had not had a case of disease for more than 10 years were obtained by sampling piglets at weaning. Isolates were studied by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR and determination of the presence of lsgB and group 1 vtaA, biofilm formation, inflammatory cell response, and resistance to antibiotics. As part of the diversity encountered, a novel 2,661-bp plasmid, named pJMA-1, bearing the blaROB-1 β-lactamase was detected in eight colonizing strains. pJMA-1 was shown to share a backbone with other small plasmids described in the Pasteurellaceae, to be 100% stable, and to have a lower biological cost than the previously described plasmid pB1000. pJMA-1 was also found in nine H. parasuis nasal strains from a separate collection, but it was not detected in isolates from the lesions of animals with Glässer's disease or in nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae isolates. Altogether, we show that commensal H. parasuis isolates represent a reservoir of β-lactam resistance genes which can be transferred to pathogens or other bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Moleres
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, CSIC-Universidad Pública Navarra-Gobierno de Navarra, Mutilva, Spain
| | - Alfonso Santos-López
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria y VISAVET, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isidro Lázaro
- Instituto Navarro de Tecnologías e Infraestructuras Agroalimentarias-INTIA, Navarra, Spain
| | - Javier Labairu
- Instituto Navarro de Tecnologías e Infraestructuras Agroalimentarias-INTIA, Navarra, Spain
| | - Cristina Prat
- Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Ardanuy
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain Hospital Universitari Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bruno González-Zorn
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria y VISAVET, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia Aragon
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Junkal Garmendia
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología, CSIC-Universidad Pública Navarra-Gobierno de Navarra, Mutilva, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
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Howell KJ, Weinert LA, Chaudhuri RR, Luan SL, Peters SE, Corander J, Harris D, Angen Ø, Aragon V, Bensaid A, Williamson SM, Parkhill J, Langford PR, Rycroft AN, Wren BW, Holden MTG, Tucker AW, Maskell DJ. The use of genome wide association methods to investigate pathogenicity, population structure and serovar in Haemophilus parasuis. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:1179. [PMID: 25539682 PMCID: PMC4532294 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-1179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Haemophilus parasuis is the etiologic agent of Glässer’s disease in pigs and causes devastating losses to the farming industry. Whilst some hyper-virulent isolates have been described, the relationship between genetics and disease outcome has been only partially established. In particular, there is weak correlation between serovar and disease phenotype. We sequenced the genomes of 212 isolates of H. parasuis and have used this to describe the pan-genome and to correlate this with clinical and carrier status, as well as with serotype. Results Recombination and population structure analyses identified five groups with very high rates of recombination, separated into two clades of H. parasuis with no signs of recombination between them. We used genome-wide association methods including discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) and generalised linear modelling (glm) to look for genetic determinants of this population partition, serovar and pathogenicity. We were able to identify genes from the accessory genome that were significantly associated with phenotypes such as potential serovar specific genes including capsule genes, and 48 putative virulence factors that were significantly different between the clinical and non-clinical isolates. We also show that the presence of many previously suggested virulence factors is not an appropriate marker of virulence. Conclusions These genes will inform the generation of new molecular diagnostics and vaccines, and refinement of existing typing schemes and show the importance of the accessory genome of a diverse species when investigating the relationship between genotypes and phenotypes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-1179) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate J Howell
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK.
| | - Lucy A Weinert
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK.
| | - Roy R Chaudhuri
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.
| | - Shi-Lu Luan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK.
| | - Sarah E Peters
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK.
| | - Jukka Corander
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00100, Finland.
| | - David Harris
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK.
| | - Øystein Angen
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, N-0106, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Virginia Aragon
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, and, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Albert Bensaid
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, and, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Susanna M Williamson
- Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA), Rougham Hill, Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk, IP33 2RX, UK.
| | - Julian Parkhill
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK.
| | - Paul R Langford
- Department of Medicine, Section of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, London, W2 1PG, UK.
| | - Andrew N Rycroft
- The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Campus, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, Hertfordshire, UK.
| | - Brendan W Wren
- Faculty of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK.
| | - Matthew T G Holden
- School of Medicine, University of St. Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9TF, UK.
| | - Alexander W Tucker
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK.
| | - Duncan J Maskell
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK.
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20
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Bello-Ortí B, Deslandes V, Tremblay YDN, Labrie J, Howell KJ, Tucker AW, Maskell DJ, Aragon V, Jacques M. Biofilm formation by virulent and non-virulent strains of Haemophilus parasuis. Vet Res 2014; 45:104. [PMID: 25428823 PMCID: PMC4245831 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-014-0104-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis is a commensal bacterium of the upper respiratory tract of healthy pigs. It is also the etiological agent of Glässer’s disease, a systemic disease characterized by polyarthritis, fibrinous polyserositis and meningitis, which causes high morbidity and mortality in piglets. The aim of this study was to evaluate biofilm formation by well-characterized virulent and non-virulent strains of H. parasuis. We observed that non-virulent strains isolated from the nasal cavities of healthy pigs formed significantly (p < 0.05) more biofilms than virulent strains isolated from lesions of pigs with Glässer’s disease. These differences were observed when biofilms were formed in microtiter plates under static conditions or formed in the presence of shear force in a drip-flow apparatus or a microfluidic system. Confocal laser scanning microscopy using different fluorescent probes on a representative subset of strains indicated that the biofilm matrix contains poly-N-acetylglucosamine, proteins and eDNA. The biofilm matrix was highly sensitive to degradation by proteinase K. Comparison of transcriptional profiles of biofilm and planktonic cells of the non-virulent H. parasuis F9 strain revealed a significant number of up-regulated membrane-related genes in biofilms, and genes previously identified in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae biofilms. Our data indicate that non-virulent strains of H. parasuis have the ability to form robust biofilms in contrast to virulent, systemic strains. Biofilm formation might therefore allow the non-virulent strains to colonize and persist in the upper respiratory tract of pigs. Conversely, the planktonic state of the virulent strains might allow them to disseminate within the host.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mario Jacques
- Groupe de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses du porc, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec J2S 7C6, Canada.
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21
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Zhang B, Yu Y, Zeng Z, Ren Y, Yue H. Deletion of the rfaE gene in Haemophilus parasuis SC096 strain attenuates serum resistance, adhesion and invasion. Microb Pathog 2014; 74:33-7. [PMID: 25078003 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In Haemophilus parasuis, the lipooligosaccharide (LOS) has been identified as an important virulence factor. The rfa gene cluster encodes enzymes for LOS core biosynthesis. In order to investigate the role of the rfaE gene, we generated an rfaE deficient mutant (ΔrfaE) of a H. parasuis SC096 by a natural transformation method. The purified preparation of LOS from the ΔrfaE mutant strain showed truncated LOS structure on silver-stained SDS-PAGE. Compared to the wild-type SC096 strain, the generation time of ΔrfaE mutant strain was significantly extended from 59 min to 69 min. The ΔrfaE mutant strain caused an approximately 30-fold reductions in survival rate in 50% sera and 36-fold reductions in survival rate in 90% sera, respectively (p < 0.001). In adhesion and invasion assays, the ΔrfaE mutant strain had 10-fold less efficient adherence and 12-fold reductions in invasion of the porcine umbilicus vein endothelial cells (PUVEC) and porcine kidney epithelial cells (PK-15), respectively (p < 0.001). However, the complemented strain could restore the above phenotypes. Hence, the above results suggested that the rfaE gene participated in the pathogenicity of H. parasuis SC096 strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuandi Yu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ze Zeng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yupeng Ren
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hua Yue
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China.
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22
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Zhang L, Wen Y, Li Y, Wei X, Yan X, Wen X, Wu R, Huang X, Huang Y, Yan Q, Liu M, Cao S. Comparative proteomic analysis of the membrane proteins of two Haemophilus parasuis strains to identify proteins that may help in habitat adaptation and pathogenesis. Proteome Sci 2014; 12:38. [PMID: 25057263 PMCID: PMC4107730 DOI: 10.1186/1477-5956-12-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Haemophilus parasuis is the causative agent of Glässer’s disease characterized by polyserositis, arthritis, and meningitis in pig, leading to serious economic loss. Despite many years of study, virulence factors and the mechanisms of the entire infection process remain largely unclear. So two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry were used to search for distinctions at the membrane protein expression level between two H. parasuis isolates aimed at uncovering some proteins potentially involved in habitat adaption and pathogenesis. Results A comparative proteomic approach combining two-dimensional gel electrophoresis with mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry was employed to explore the differences among membrane proteomes of a virulent Haemophilus parasuis strain isolated from the lung of a diseased pig and an avirulent strain isolated from the nasal swab of a healthy pig. Differentially expressed protein spots identified by mass spectrometry were annotated and analyzed by bioinformatic interpretation. The mRNA level was determined by quantitative real-time PCR. Proteins representing diverse functional activities were identified. Among them, the tonB-dependent siderophore receptor was a new discovery highlighted for its activity in iron uptake. In addition, periplasmic serine protease and putrescine/spermidine ABC transporter substrate-binding protein were given focus because of their virulence potential. This study revealed that the differentially expressed proteins were important in either the habitat adaption or pathogenesis of H. parasuis. Conclusions The outcome demonstrated the presence of some proteins which raise the speculation for their importance in helping in habitat adaption or pathogenesis within the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luhua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China
| | - Yiping Wen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China
| | - Xingliang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China
| | - Xuefeng Yan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China
| | - Xintian Wen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China
| | - Rui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China
| | - Yong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China
| | - Qigui Yan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China
| | - Mafeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China
| | - Sanjie Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan 625014, PR China
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23
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Zhang B, Tang C, Liao M, Yue H. Update on the pathogenesis of Haemophilus parasuis infection and virulence factors. Vet Microbiol 2014; 168:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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24
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Costa-Hurtado M, Aragon V. Advances in the quest for virulence factors of Haemophilus parasuis. Vet J 2013; 198:571-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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25
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Frandoloso R, Pivato M, Martínez-Martínez S, Rodríguez-Ferri EF, Kreutz LC, Martín CBG. Differences in Haemophilus parasuis adherence to and invasion of AOC-45 porcine aorta endothelial cells. BMC Vet Res 2013; 9:207. [PMID: 24119995 PMCID: PMC3852208 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-9-207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The pathogenesis of Haemophilus parasuis depends on the bacterium’s ability to interact with endothelial cells and invade adjacent tissues. In this study, we investigated the abilities of eight H. parasuis reference strains belonging to serovars 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10 and 13 to adhere to and invade porcine aortic endothelial cells (AOC-45 cell line). Results The strains belonging to serovars 1, 2 and 5 were able to attach at high rates between 60 and 240 min of incubation, and serovars 4, 7 and 13 had moderate attachment rates; however, the strains belonging to serovars 9 and 10 had low adherence at all time points. Strong adherence was observed by scanning electron microscopy for the strains of serovars 5 and 4, which had high and moderate numbers, respectively, of H. parasuis cells attached to AOC-45 cells after 240 min of incubation. The highest invasiveness was reached at 180 min by the serovar 4 strain, followed by the serovar 5 strain at 240 min. The invasion results differed substantially depending on the strain. Conclusion The reference strains of H. parasuis serovars 1, 2, 4 and 5 exhibited high adhesion and invasion levels to AOC-45 porcine aorta endothelial cells, and these findings could aid to better explain the pathogenesis of the disease caused by these serovars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Frandoloso
- Section of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Animal Health, University of León, León, Spain.
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26
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Boerlin P, Poljak Z, Gallant J, Chalmers G, Nicholson V, Soltes GA, MacInnes JI. Genetic diversity of Haemophilus parasuis from sick and healthy pigs. Vet Microbiol 2013; 167:459-67. [PMID: 23972949 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A collection of 94 Haemophilus parasuis isolates was used for this study. It consisted of isolates from organs of pigs with Glässer's disease and pneumonia (n=54), from nasal swabs of healthy pigs in farms without Glässer's disease problems (n=25), and 15 reference strains. These isolates were typed using a new multilocus variable number of tandem repeats analysis (MLVA) protocol and investigated for the presence of nine putative virulence genes. The new MLVA protocol was highly discriminatory (54 types identified and discrimination index of 97.4%) and reproducible. Similar to previous investigations done with other methods, two major genetic clusters were identified by MLVA, which partially correlated with serotype and virulence gene distributions. Gene linkage analysis suggested that lateral gene transfer occurs within each of these clusters, but rarely between them. Although one single MLVA type included more than 20% of the clinical isolates, no significant correlation was detected between a specific MLVA type, the major genetic clusters, or the presence of any of the virulence genes investigated or the source of the isolates (clinical infection vs. healthy pig). The MLVA typing protocol described in this study is a promising new tool for future investigations into the epidemiology of Glässer's disease and could help us to better understand interacting microbial, host and environmental factors that lead to the development of H. parasuis disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Boerlin
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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27
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Luan SL, Chaudhuri RR, Peters SE, Mayho M, Weinert LA, Crowther SA, Wang J, Langford PR, Rycroft A, Wren BW, Tucker AW, Maskell DJ. Generation of a Tn5 transposon library in Haemophilus parasuis and analysis by transposon-directed insertion-site sequencing (TraDIS). Vet Microbiol 2013; 166:558-66. [PMID: 23928120 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis is an important respiratory tract pathogen of swine and the etiological agent of Glässer's disease. The molecular pathogenesis of H. parasuis is not well studied, mainly due to the lack of efficient tools for genetic manipulation of this bacterium. In this study we describe a Tn5-based random mutagenesis method for use in H. parasuis. A novel chloramphenicol-resistant Tn5 transposome was electroporated into the virulent H. parasuis serovar 5 strain 29755. High transposition efficiency of Tn5, up to 10(4) transformants/μg of transposon DNA, was obtained by modification of the Tn5 DNA in the H. parasuis strain HS071 and establishment of optimal electrotransformation conditions, and a library of approximately 10,500 mutants was constructed. Analysis of the library using transposon-directed insertion-site sequencing (TraDIS) revealed that the insertion of Tn5 was evenly distributed throughout the genome. 10,001 individual mutants were identified, with 1561 genes being disrupted (69.4% of the genome). This newly-developed, efficient mutagenesis approach will be a powerful tool for genetic manipulation of H. parasuis in order to study its physiology and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Lu Luan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK.
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Gene content and diversity of the loci encoding biosynthesis of capsular polysaccharides of the 15 serovar reference strains of Haemophilus parasuis. J Bacteriol 2013; 195:4264-73. [PMID: 23873912 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00471-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis is the causative agent of Glässer's disease, a systemic disease of pigs, and is also associated with pneumonia. H. parasuis can be classified into 15 different serovars. Here we report, from the 15 serotyping reference strains, the DNA sequences of the loci containing genes for the biosynthesis of the group 1 capsular polysaccharides, which are potential virulence factors of this bacterium. We contend that these loci contain genes for polysaccharide capsule structures, and not a lipopolysaccharide O antigen, supported by the fact that they contain genes such as wza, wzb, and wzc, which are associated with the export of polysaccharide capsules in the current capsule classification system. A conserved region at the 3' end of the locus, containing the wza, ptp, wzs, and iscR genes, is consistent with the characteristic export region 1 of the model group 1 capsule locus. A potential serovar-specific region (region 2) has been found by comparing the predicted coding sequences (CDSs) in all 15 loci for synteny and homology. The region is unique to each reference strain with the exception of those in serovars 5 and 12, which are identical in terms of gene content. The identification and characterization of this locus among the 15 serovars is the first step in understanding the genetic, molecular, and structural bases of serovar specificity in this poorly studied but important pathogen and opens up the possibility of developing an improved molecular serotyping system, which would greatly assist diagnosis and control of Glässer's disease.
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Perry MB, MacLean LL, Gottschalk M, Aragon V, Vinogradov E. Structure of the capsular polysaccharides and lipopolysaccharides from Haemophilus parasuis strains ER-6P (serovar 15) and Nagasaki (serovar 5). Carbohydr Res 2013; 378:91-7. [PMID: 23664728 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2013.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis is a Gram-negative bacterium from the family Pasteurellaceae and a swine pathogen. H. parasuis is found in the upper respiratory tract of piglets and produces Glässer's disease, an invasive disease characterized by polyserositis. H. parasuis contains a short lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or lipooligosaccharide (LOS) reported to play a partial role in interaction with host cells. The presence of capsule has been phenotypically demonstrated in certain H. parasuis strains and its role in virulence has been suggested, but the chemical structure of the surface polysaccharides of this bacterium was unknown. The structure of capsular polysaccharide (CPS) and LOS from virulent strains ER-6P and Nagasaki was studied by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and chemical methods. CPS from both strains had the same main chain with disaccharide repeating unit, substituted with α-Neu5R-(2-3)-α-GalNAc-(1-P-(strain ER-6P) or α-Neu5R-(2-3)-α-Gal-(1-P-strain Nagasaki) side chains, where R is the N-acetyl or N-glycolyl group. Glycolyl-neuraminic acid is widely found in animal glycoproteins, but it apparently has not been found in bacteria before, and might be important for the biology of this microorganism. Ac and Gc were present in equal amounts in the strain ER-6P but Nagasaki contained only about 20% of Gc substituent. Both strains produced the same LPS of a rough type with a single phosphorylated Kdo linking core and lipid A parts. LOS structure was similar to some strains of H. influenzae and contained a globotetraose terminal sequence.
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