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Tang X, Xu S, Yang Z, Wang K, Dai K, Zhang Y, Hu B, Wang Y, Cao S, Huang X, Yan Q, Wu R, Zhao Q, Du S, Wen X, Wen Y. EspP2 Regulates the Adhesion of Glaesserella parasuis via Rap1 Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4570. [PMID: 38674155 PMCID: PMC11050538 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Different levels of EspP2 expression are seen in strains of Glaesserella parasuis with high and low pathogenicity. As a potential virulence factor for G. parasuis, the pathogenic mechanism of EspP2 in infection of host cells is not clear. To begin to elucidate the effect of EspP2 on virulence, we used G. parasuis SC1401 in its wild-type form and SC1401, which was made EspP2-deficient. We demonstrated that EspP2 causes up-regulation of claudin-1 and occludin expression, thereby promoting the adhesion of G. parasuis to host cells; EspP2-deficiency resulted in significantly reduced adhesion of G. parasuis to cells. Transcriptome sequencing analysis of EspP2-treated PK15 cells revealed that the Rap1 signaling pathway is stimulated by EspP2. Blocking this pathway diminished occludin expression and adhesion. These results indicated that EspP2 regulates the adhesion of Glaesserella parasuis via Rap1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yiping Wen
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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2
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Yang Z, Zhang Y, Du S, Zhao Q, Huang X, Wu R, Yan Q, Han X, Cao S, Chang YF, Wen Y. Upregulation of occludin by cytolethal distending toxin facilitates Glaesserella parasuis adhesion to respiratory tract cells. Infect Immun 2023; 91:e0035123. [PMID: 37930004 PMCID: PMC10715221 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00351-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Virulent Glaesserella parasuis may engender systemic infection characterized by fibrinous polyserositis and pneumonia. G. parasuis causes systemic disease through upper respiratory tract infection, but the mechanism has not been fully characterized. Tight junction (TJ) proteins maintain the integrity and impermeability of the epithelial barriers. In this work, we applied the recombinant cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) holotoxin and cdt-deficient mutants to assess whether CDT interacted with TJ proteins of airway tract cells. Our results indicated that CDT induced the TJ occludin (OCLN) expression in newborn pig tracheal epithelial cells within the first 3 hours of bacterial infection, followed by a significant decrease. Overexpression of OCLN in target cells made them more susceptible to G. parasuis adhesion, whereas ablation of OCLN expression by CRISPR/Cas 9 gene editing technology in target cells decreased their susceptibility to bacterial adhesion. In addition, CDT treatment could upregulate the OCLN levels in the lung tissue of C57/BL6 mice. In summary, highly virulent G. parasuis strain SC1401 stimulated the tight junction expression, resulting in higher bacterial adhesion to respiratory tract cells, and this process is closely related to CDT. Our results may provide novel insights into G. parasuis infection and CDT-mediated pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yang
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Senyan Du
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qigui Yan
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinfeng Han
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sanjie Cao
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yung-Fu Chang
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yiping Wen
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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3
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He R, Hua K, Zhang S, Wan Y, Gong H, Ma B, Luo R, Zhou R, Jin H. COX-2 mediated crosstalk between Wnt/β-catenin and the NF-κB signaling pathway during inflammatory responses induced by Haemophilus parasuis in PK-15 and NPTr cells. Dev Comp Immunol 2020; 105:103588. [PMID: 31887319 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.103588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis infection causes typical acute systemic inflammation in pigs, is characterized by fibrinous polyserositis inflammation, and results in great economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. However, the molecular details of how the host modulates the acute inflammatory response induced by H. parasuis are largely unknown. In previous studies, we found that H. parasuis high-virulence strain SH0165 infection induced the activation of both Wnt/β-catenin and NF-κB signaling in PK-15 and NPTr cells. In this study, we found that the activation of NF-κB, a central hub in inflammatory signaling, was impeded by the Wnt/β-catenin pathway during H. parasuis infection. In contrast, blocking NF-κB activity had no effect on the Wnt/β-catenin pathway during H. parasuis infection. Furthermore, we found that the inhibitory effect of β-catenin on NF-κB activity was mediated by its target gene, pig cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Therefore, we demonstrated that H. parasuis infection activates the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which leads to decreased NF-κB activity, reducing the acute inflammatory response in pigs. Additionally, the data provide a possible perspective for understanding the anti-inflammatory role of Wnt/β-catenin in pigs during bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong He
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Kexin Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Sihua Zhang
- Wuhan Animal Disease Control Center, Wuhan, Hubei, 430016, China
| | - Yun Wan
- Wuhan Animal Disease Control Center, Wuhan, Hubei, 430016, China
| | - Huimin Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Bin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Rui Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Hui Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
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4
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Shen Y, Zhou N, An J, Zhang J, Wang M, Li Y, Jiang P. Haemophilus parasuis infection in 3D4/21 cells induces autophagy through the AMPK pathway. Cell Microbiol 2019; 21:e13031. [PMID: 30977277 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis (H. parasuis) is a common commensal in the upper respiratory tract of pigs, but causes Glässer's disease in stress conditions. To date, many studies focused on the immune evasion and virulence of H. parasuis; very few have focused on the role autophagy played in H. parasuis infection, particularly in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs). In this study, a PAM cell line, 3D4/21 cells were used to study the role of autophagy in H. parasuis infection. 3D4/21 cells tandemly expressing GFP, mCherry, and LC3 were infected with H. parasuis serovar 5 (Hps5). Western blot analysis and confocal and transmission electron microscopy showed that H. parasuis infection effectively induces autophagy. Using Hps strains of varying virulence (Hps4, Hps5, and Hps7) and UV-inactivated Hps5, we demonstrated that autophagy is associated with the internalisation of living virulent strains into cells. In 3D4/21 cells pretreated with rapamycin and 3-MA then infected by Hps4, Hps5, and Hps7, we demonstrated that autophagy affects invasion of H. parasuis in cells. AMPK signal results showed that Hps5 infection can upregulate the phosphorylation level of AMPK, which is consistent with the autophagy development. 3D4/21 cells pretreated with AICAR or Compound C then infected by Hps5 revealed that the autophagy induced by Hps5 infection is associated with the AMPK pathway. Our study contributes to the theoretical basis for the study of H. parasuis pathogenesis and development of novel drugs target for prevention Glässer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijuan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Nini Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiahui An
- Key Laboratory of Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiansong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meifen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yufeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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5
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Fu S, Guo J, Li R, Qiu Y, Ye C, Liu Y, Wu Z, Guo L, Hou Y, Hu CAA. Transcriptional Profiling of Host Cell Responses to Virulent Haemophilus parasuis: New Insights into Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051320. [PMID: 29710817 PMCID: PMC5983834 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis is the causative agent of Glässer’s disease in pigs. H. parasuis can cause vascular damage, although the mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the host cell responses involved in the molecular pathway interactions in porcine aortic vascular endothelial cells (PAVECs) induced by H. parasuis using RNA-Seq. The transcriptome results showed that when PAVECs were infected with H. parasuis for 24 h, 281 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified; of which, 236 were upregulated and 45 downregulated. The 281 DEGs were involved in 136 KEGG signaling pathways that were organismal systems, environmental information processing, metabolism, cellular processes, and genetic information processing. The main pathways were the Rap1, FoxO, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, and the overexpressed genes were determined and verified by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. In addition, 252 genes were clustered into biological processes, molecular processes, and cellular components. Our study provides new insights for understanding the interaction between bacterial and host cells, and analyzed, in detail, the possible mechanisms that lead to vascular damage induced by H. parasuis. This may lead to development of novel therapeutic targets to control H. parasuis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Fu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Jing Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Ruizhi Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Yinsheng Qiu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Chun Ye
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Yu Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Zhongyuan Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Ling Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Yongqing Hou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Chien-An Andy Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
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6
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Fu S, Liu H, Chen X, Qiu Y, Ye C, Liu Y, Wu Z, Guo L, Hou Y, Hu CAA. Baicalin Inhibits Haemophilus Parasuis-Induced High-Mobility Group Box 1 Release during Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051307. [PMID: 29702580 PMCID: PMC5983759 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis (H. parasuis) can cause Glässer’s disease in pigs. However, the molecular mechanism of the inflammation response induced by H. parasuis remains unclear. The high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein is related to the pathogenesis of various infectious pathogens, but little is known about whether H. parasuis can induce the release of HMGB1 in piglet peripheral blood monocytes. Baicalin displays important anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial activities. In the present study, we investigated whether H. parasuis can trigger the secretion of HMGB1 in piglet peripheral blood monocytes and the anti-inflammatory effect of baicalin on the production of HMGB1 in peripheral blood monocytes induced by H. parasuis during the inflammation response. In addition, host cell responses stimulated by H. parasuis were determined with RNA-Seq. The RNA-Seq results showed that H. parasuis infection provokes the expression of cytokines and the activation of numerous pathways. In addition, baicalin significantly reduced the release of HMGB1 in peripheral blood monocytes induced by H. parasuis. Taken together, our study showed that H. parasuis can induce the release of HMGB1 and baicalin can inhibit HMGB1 secretion in an H. parasuis-induced peripheral blood monocytes model, which may provide a new strategy for preventing the inflammatory disorders induced by H. parasuis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Fu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Huashan Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Xiao Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Yinsheng Qiu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Chun Ye
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Yu Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Zhongyuan Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Ling Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Yongqing Hou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Chien-An Andy Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
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Gou H, Li J, Cai R, Song S, Li M, Yang D, Jiang Z, Li Y, Chu P, Li C. Rapid detection of Haemophilus parasuis using cross-priming amplification and vertical flow visualization. J Microbiol Methods 2017; 144:67-72. [PMID: 29128480 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis infection is of considerable economic importance in the swine industry due to high morbidity and mortality in naive swine populations. Accurate detection and identification of the causative agent are difficult, yet necessary, for disease control. In this study, a simple and rapid method of cross-priming amplification (CPA) with a vertical flow (VF) visualization strip was established to detect H. parasuis. The reaction can specifically identify 15 serovar reference strains and 57 clinically isolated strains of H. parasuis, with a detection limit of 14CFU. The performance of the CPA-VF assay was evaluated and compared with that of species-specific PCR by testing 62 clinical culture-positive specimens of H. parasuis. The entire process, from specimen processing to analysis of the results, can be completed in 2h without a complicated apparatus. The convenience and speed of the CPA-VF assay in this study make it a suitable choice for epidemiological investigation and point-of-care testing (POCT) for H. parasuis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchao Gou
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Open Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Li
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Open Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rujian Cai
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Open Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Song
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Open Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miao Li
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Open Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongxia Yang
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Open Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyong Jiang
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Open Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Open Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pinpin Chu
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Open Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunling Li
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Open Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Guangzhou, China.
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8
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Li G, Niu H, Zhang Y, Li Y, Xie F, Langford PR, Liu S, Wang C. Haemophilus parasuis cytolethal distending toxin induces cell cycle arrest and p53-dependent apoptosis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177199. [PMID: 28545143 PMCID: PMC5436662 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis is the causative agent of Glasser’s disease in pigs. Cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) is an important virulence factor of H. parasuis. It is composed of three subunits: CdtA, CdtB and CdtC and all were successfully expressed in soluble form in Escherichia coli when the signal peptides were removed. Purified CdtB had DNase activity, i.e. caused DNA double strand damage, in vitro and in vivo prior to cell arrest and apoptosis. Flow cytometry analysis showed CdtB alone could induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in PK-15 porcine kidney and pulmonary alveolar macrophage (PAM) cells, which could be enhanced by CdtA or/and CdtC. CDT holotoxin could lead to significant cell distension, G2 arrest and apoptotic death in PK-15 and PAM cells. The apoptosis induced by CDT holotoxin was significantly inhibited by pifithrin-α, which indicates that it is p53-dependent. The results suggest that H. parasuis CDT holotoxin is a major virulence factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hui Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yanhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yanling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Fang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Paul R. Langford
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, St. Mary’s Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Siguo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Chunlai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- * E-mail:
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9
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Brockmeier SL, Register KB, Kuehn JS, Nicholson TL, Loving CL, Bayles DO, Shore SM, Phillips GJ. Virulence and draft genome sequence overview of multiple strains of the swine pathogen Haemophilus parasuis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103787. [PMID: 25137096 PMCID: PMC4138102 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis is the cause of Glässer's disease in swine, which is characterized by systemic infection resulting in polyserositis, meningitis, and arthritis. Investigation of this animal disease is complicated by the enormous differences in the severity of disease caused by H. parasuis strains, ranging from lethal systemic disease to subclinical carriage. To identify differences in genotype that could account for virulence phenotypes, we established the virulence of, and performed whole genome sequence analysis on, 11 H. parasuis strains. Virulence was assessed by evaluating morbidity and mortality following intranasal challenge of Caesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived (CDCD) pigs. Genomic DNA from strains Nagasaki (serotype 5), 12939 (serotype 1), SW140 (serotype 2), 29755 (serotype 5), MN-H (serotype 13), 84-15995 (serotype 15), SW114 (serotype 3), H465 (serotype 11), D74 (serotype 9), and 174 (serotype 7) was used to generate Illumina paired-end libraries for genomic sequencing and de novo assembly. H. parasuis strains Nagasaki, 12939, SH0165 (serotype 5), SW140, 29755, and MN-H exhibited a high level of virulence. Despite minor differences in expression of disease among these groups, all pigs challenged with these strains developed clinical signs consistent with Glässer's disease between 1–7 days post-challenge. H. parasuis strains 84-15995 and SW114 were moderately virulent, in that approximately half of the pigs infected with each developed Glässer's disease. H. parasuis strains H465, D74, and 174 were minimally virulent or avirulent in the CDCD pig model. Comparative genomic analysis among strains identified several noteworthy differences in coding regions. These coding regions include predicted outer membrane, metabolism, and pilin or adhesin related genes, some of which likely contributed to the differences in virulence and systemic disease observed following challenge. These data will be useful for identifying H. parasuis virulence factors and vaccine targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L. Brockmeier
- Virus and Prion Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Karen B. Register
- Ruminant Diseases and Immunology Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Joanna S. Kuehn
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Tracy L. Nicholson
- Virus and Prion Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Crystal L. Loving
- Virus and Prion Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Darrell O. Bayles
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Sarah M. Shore
- Virus and Prion Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Gregory J. Phillips
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
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10
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Liu C, Wang Y, Zhang H, Cheng S, Charreyre C, Audonnet JC, Chen P, He Q. Porcine coronin 1A contributes to nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) inactivation during Haemophilus parasuis infection. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103904. [PMID: 25093672 PMCID: PMC4122374 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis (H.parasuis) is the etiological agent of porcine polyserositis and arthritis (Glässer's disease) characterized by fibrinous polyserositis, meningitis and polyarthritis, causing severe economic losses to the swine industry. Currently, the molecular basis of this infection is largely unkonwn. Coronin 1A (Coro1A) plays important roles in host against bacterial infection, yet little is known about porcine Coro1A. In this study, we investigated the molecular characterization of porcine Coro1A, revealing that porcine Coro1A was widely expressed in different tissues. Coro1A could be induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), polyinosinic acid-polycytidylic acid [poly (I:C)] and H.parasuis in porcine kidney-15 (PK-15) cells. Functional analyses revealed that porcine Coro1A suppressed the NF-κB activation during H.parasuis infection by inhibiting the degradation of IκBα and nuclear translocation of p65. Overexpression of porcine Coro1A inhibited the transcription of NF-κB-mediated downstream genes [Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Interleukin-8 (IL-8) and COX-2] through down-regulation of NF-κB. The results indicated that porcine Coro1A is an important immunity related gene that helps to inhibit NF-kB activation during H. parasuis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Liu
- Division of Animal Infectious Diseases, State key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- State key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Hengling Zhang
- Division of Animal Infectious Diseases, State key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Cheng
- Division of Animal Infectious Diseases, State key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | | | | | - Pin Chen
- Division of Animal Infectious Diseases, State key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Qigai He
- Division of Animal Infectious Diseases, State key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
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11
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Bello-Orti B, Costa-Hurtado M, Martinez-Moliner V, Segalés J, Aragon V. Time course Haemophilus parasuis infection reveals pathological differences between virulent and non-virulent strains in the respiratory tract. Vet Microbiol 2014; 170:430-7. [PMID: 24613292 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis is a common inhabitant of the upper respiratory tract of pigs and the etiological agent of Glässer's disease. However, the host-pathogen interaction remains to be well understood. In this work, 33 colostrum-deprived pigs were divided in 4 groups and each group was inoculated intranasally with a different H. parasuis strain (non-virulent strains SW114 and F9, and virulent strains Nagasaki and IT29755). Animals were necropsied at different times in order to determine the location of the bacteria in the respiratory tract of the host during infection. An immunohistochemistry method was developed to detect H. parasuis in nasal turbinates, trachea and lung. Also, the co-localization of H. parasuis with macrophages or neutrophils was examined by double immunohistochemistry and double immunofluorescence. Virulent strains showed a biofilm-like growth in nasal turbinates and trachea and were found easily in lung. Some virulent bacteria were detected in association with macrophages and neutrophils, but also inside pneumocyte-like cells. On the other hand, non-virulent strains were seldom detected in nasal turbinates and trachea, where they showed a microcolony pattern. Non-virulent strains were essentially not detected in lung. In conclusion, this work presents data showing differential localization of H. parasuis bacteria depending on their virulence. Interestingly, the intracellular location of virulent H. parasuis bacteria in non-phagocytic cells in lung could allow the persistence of the bacteria and constitute a virulence mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo Bello-Orti
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Mar Costa-Hurtado
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Veronica Martinez-Moliner
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Joaquim Segalés
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain; Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Virginia Aragon
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), UAB-IRTA, Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain; Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Barcelona, Spain.
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12
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Macedo N, Rovira A, Oliveira S, Holtcamp A, Torremorell M. Effect of enrofloxacin in the carrier stage of Haemophilus parasuis in naturally colonized pigs. Can J Vet Res 2014; 78:17-22. [PMID: 24396176 PMCID: PMC3878004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of enrofloxacin in the carrier stage of Haemophilus parasuis in naturally colonized weaned pigs. Twenty-three pigs colonized by H. parasuis received either 7.5 mg/kg body weight (BW) of enrofloxacin or a saline solution intramuscularly at weaning. Nasal and tonsillar swab samples were collected daily throughout the study and at necropsy and tested by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The H. parasuis isolates obtained from samples collected at necropsy were subjected to genotyping by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR) and a multiplex PCR for the detection of the virulence-associated trimeric autotransporter (vtaA) genes. Haemophilus parasuis was detected in the nasal cavity and tonsils of pigs in the control group throughout the study. Antibiotic-treated pigs tested negative for H. parasuis at 1 d post-treatment and the proportion of nasal samples that tested positive was higher for control pigs than for treated pigs at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 d post-treatment and at 2, 4, and 5 d post-treatment for tonsil samples (P < 0.003). Genotyping by ERIC-PCR demonstrated that pigs were colonized with a common H. parasuis strain at the end of the study. Isolates were negative for the vtaA gene, which indicates the absence of vtaA virulence factor. In conclusion, enrofloxacin significantly reduced the H. parasuis load in naturally colonized pigs, but was unable to completely eliminate the organism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Montserrat Torremorell
- Address all correspondence to Dr. Montserrat Torremorell; telephone: (612) 625-1233; fax: (612) 481-8820; e-mail:
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13
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Wang SJ, Liu WJ, Yang LG, Sargent CA, Liu HB, Wang C, Liu XD, Zhao SH, Affara NA, Liang AX, Zhang SJ. Effects of FUT1 gene mutation on resistance to infectious disease. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:2805-10. [PMID: 21695432 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-1039-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2011] [Accepted: 06/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-(1,2)-fucosyltransferase (FUT1) gene has been identified as a candidate gene for regulating the expression of Escherichia coli F18 receptor gene (ECF18R) which promotes adherence of Enterotoxigenic (ETEC) and Verotoxigenic (VTEC) Escherichia coli (E. coli) via F18 fimbriae. In order to illustrate the polymorphisms of FUT1 and their effects on resistance to natural infection by Porcine Respiratory and Reproductive Symdrome Virus (PRRSV) and Haemophilus parasuis, the distributions of different genotypes and the relative risks of disease incidence in pigs were investigated. A total of 1,041 pigs representing three European breeds (Duroc, Landrace and LargeWhite), five Chinese local breeds (Wild pig, Small MeiShan, QinPing, JinHua, and JianLi) and three commercial populations (LargeWhite × JianLi, Duroc × Landrace × LargeWhite and Duroc × wild pig) were selected to analyze the genotype of the FUT1 gene by PCR-RFLP. Only the GG genotype associated with susceptibility to ECF18 bacteria was detected in Chinese local pig breeds and a population of LargeWhite × JianLi, while the AA genotype which confers resistance to ECF18 was detected in two European breeds (Duroc and LargeWhite), two populations of Duroc × wild pig and Duroc × Landrace × LargeWhite. Regarding relative risk of incidence, Duroc × Landrace × LargeWhite with genotypes GG or AG showed greater relative risk (OR = 2.040, P = 0.025; OR = 1.750, P = 0.081, respectively) than those with genotype AA during natural infection by both PRRSV and Haemophilus parasuis. It can be concluded that the mutation of FUT1 gene might play a role in pig infection by multi-pathogens, and that AA may be a favourable genotype for increasing the resistance to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
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14
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Xu Z, Yue M, Zhou R, Jin Q, Fan Y, Bei W, Chen H. Genomic characterization of Haemophilus parasuis SH0165, a highly virulent strain of serovar 5 prevalent in China. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19631. [PMID: 21611187 PMCID: PMC3096633 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis can be either a commensal bacterium of the porcine respiratory tract or an opportunistic pathogen causing Glässer's disease, a severe systemic disease that has led to significant economical losses in the pig industry worldwide. We determined the complete genomic sequence of H. parasuis SH0165, a highly virulent strain of serovar 5, which was isolated from a hog pen in North China. The single circular chromosome was 2,269,156 base pairs in length and contained 2,031 protein-coding genes. Together with the full spectrum of genes detected by the analysis of metabolic pathways, we confirmed that H. parasuis generates ATP via both fermentation and respiration, and possesses an intact TCA cycle for anabolism. In addition to possessing the complete pathway essential for the biosynthesis of heme, this pathogen was also found to be well-equipped with different iron acquisition systems, such as the TonB system and ABC-type transport complexes, to overcome iron limitation during infection and persistence. We identified a number of genes encoding potential virulence factors, such as type IV fimbriae and surface polysaccharides. Analysis of the genome confirmed that H. parasuis is naturally competent, as genes related to DNA uptake are present. A nine-mer DNA uptake signal sequence (ACAAGCGGT), identical to that found in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and Mannheimia haemolytica, followed by similar downstream motifs, was identified in the SH0165 genome. Genomic and phylogenetic comparisons with other Pasteurellaceae species further indicated that H. parasuis was closely related to another swine pathogenic bacteria A. pleuropneumoniae. The comprehensive genetic analysis presented here provides a foundation for future research on the metabolism, natural competence and virulence of H. parasuis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuofei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Division of Animal Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Division of Animal Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Division of Animal Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weicheng Bei
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Division of Animal Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Division of Animal Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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15
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Blanco I, Canals A, Evans G, Mellencamp MA, Cia C, Deeb N, Wang L, Galina-Pantoja L. Differences in susceptibility to Haemophilus parasuis infection in pigs. Can J Vet Res 2008; 72:228-235. [PMID: 18505185 PMCID: PMC2327248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2006] [Accepted: 05/15/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In animal breeding programs, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) markers can be used to identify sires that are less susceptible to disease. These DNA markers are typically discovered in populations that display differences in susceptibility. To find those differences, it was hypothesized that sires influence their offspring responses to infection with H. parasuis. To identify differences in susceptibility, colostrum-deprived pigs derived from 6 sires were inoculated with a virulent strain of H. parasuis serovar 5. Pigs were infected at 21-d of age and euthanized 1, 2, or 3 days post-infection. Rectal temperatures, bacterial detection, clinical signs, and lesions were measured by comparing disease susceptibility in the offspring from each sire. The effect of the sire on the severity of disease in the offspring was statistically analyzed using to a 2-way ANOVA with sire and test day as fixed effects. Significant differences among sires were found for lesions, rectal temperatures from days 0-1 and 0-2 (P < 0.05) and marginal effects for clinical signs (P = 0.08). On average, the offspring of sire H94 was the most susceptible to challenge. Responses to infection were categorized to determine the clinical responses and analyzed by Chi square. Overall, 10% of all pigs infected were fully resistant to H. parasuis infection. Boar H94 didn't produce any fully resistant offspring. Differences in susceptibility to H. parasuis were observed, and the results support the hypothesis that sires influence their offspring's response to infection. Tissues from this population could be used to identify DNA markers for genetic selection of sires that produce offspring more resistant to H. parasuis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lucina Galina-Pantoja
- Address all correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Galina-Pantoja; telephone: 615-265-2700; fax: 615-256-2848; e-mail:
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16
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Cerdà-Cuéllar M, Aragon V. Serum-resistance in Haemophilus parasuis is associated with systemic disease in swine. Vet J 2008; 175:384-9. [PMID: 17368943 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2006] [Revised: 01/09/2007] [Accepted: 01/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis can cause pneumonia and systemic disease in swine but it is also a coloniser of the upper respiratory tract of healthy pigs. These differences in pathogenicity are probably the result of diverse mechanisms of virulence in different strains. Since serum-resistance is a feature frequently found in systemic pathogens, 31 H. parasuis strains of different clinical origin were tested and a variety of serum susceptibility levels detected. Nasal strains from healthy piglets were sensitive to the bactericidal effect of the serum, while systemic strains were mainly resistant. The pulmonary strains included both serum-sensitive and serum-resistant strains. Interestingly, the serum-resistant pulmonary strains were isolated from animals with systemic lesions. Heat-treatment of the sera abolished the bactericidal activity, indicating that complement is a key factor in this effect. Equivalent susceptibility was observed with rabbit and porcine sera, and the presence of H. parasuis specific antibodies did not increase the killing of the strains by serum. In an attempt to associate serum-resistance to a surface determinant of the bacteria, agglutination in acriflavine was tested but no direct link with serum susceptibility was found. The results indicate that serum-resistance is a virulence mechanism in H. parasuis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Cerdà-Cuéllar
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de Bellaterra-Universitat, Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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17
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Metcalf DS, MacInnes JI. Differential expression of Haemophilus parasuis genes in response to iron restriction and cerebrospinal fluid. Can J Vet Res 2007; 71:181-8. [PMID: 17695592 PMCID: PMC1899863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis is an important opportunistic pathogen in swine of high health status, but to date no proven virulence factors have been described. As virulence factors are known to be regulated during disease, the objective of this study was to identify genes of a virulent serovar 5 strain with altered expression after iron restriction or in the presence of porcine cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), conditions that reflect in vivo growth conditions. Using differential-display reverse-transcriptase-mediated polymerase chain reaction, we found that homologues of genes encoding fructose bisphosphate aldolase (fba), adenylosuccinate synthetase (purA), 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (cpdB), lipoprotein signal peptidase (lspA), pyrophosphate reductase (lytB), superoxide dismutase (sodC), tyrosyl t-RNA synthetase (tyrS), cysteine synthetase (cysK), an unknown protein, and a homologue of a hydrolase of the haloacid dehydrogenase superfamily were upregulated in response to iron restriction. In addition, the purA, cpdB, lspA, lytB, and sodC homologues, cDNAs homologous with a Na+/alanine symporter, fatty acid ligase (fadD), diadenosine tetraphosphatase (apaH), and an unknown protein were upregulated in response to CSF. In screening for the presence of these differentially expressed genes to assess their usefulness as diagnostic markers of high virulence potential, we detected homologues of all of these genes in all of the reference strains of the 15 established serovars. The hydrolase homologue, however, was expressed only in representative H. parasuis strains associated with a high virulence potential, suggesting that this enzyme may play a role in pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janet I. MacInnes
- Address all correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Janet I. MacInnes; telephone: (519) 824-4120, ext. 54731; fax: (519) 824-5930; e-mail:
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Lancashire JF, Turni C, Blackall PJ, Jennings MP. Rapid and efficient screening of a Representational Difference Analysis library using reverse Southern hybridisation: identification of genetic differences between Haemophilus parasuis isolates. J Microbiol Methods 2006; 68:326-30. [PMID: 17084930 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2006.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2006] [Accepted: 09/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Representational Difference Analysis (RDA) is an established technique used for isolation of specific genetic differences between or within bacterial species. This method was used to investigate the genetic basis of serovar-specificity and the relationship between serovar and virulence in Haemophilus parasuis. An RDA clone library of 96 isolates was constructed using H. parasuis strains H425(P) (serovar 12) and HS1967 (serovar 4). To screen such a large clone library to determine which clones are strain-specific would typically involved separately labelling each clone for use in Southern hybridisation against genomic DNA from each of the strains. In this study, a novel application of reverse Southern hybridisation was used to screen the RDA library: genomic DNA from each strain was labelled and used to probe the library to identify strain-specific clones. This novel approach represents a significant improvement in methodology that is rapid and efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F Lancashire
- School of Molecular and Microbial Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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Jin H, Zhou R, Kang M, Luo R, Cai X, Chen H. Biofilm formation by field isolates and reference strains of Haemophilus parasuis. Vet Microbiol 2006; 118:117-23. [PMID: 16959443 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2006.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2006] [Revised: 06/23/2006] [Accepted: 07/05/2006] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The ability to form biofilms for a total of 80 field isolates and 15 reference strains of Haemophilus parasuis, the etiological agent of Glasser's disease, was tested by glass tube and polystyrene microtiter plate assays. A total 43% of field isolates, including strains representing 13 serovars (except serovars 3 and 8) and non-typable strains, exhibited the ability to form biofilms at different levels via polystyrene microtiter plate assays. Among the reference strains representing 15 serovars, only serovars 2, 9, 12, 13 and 15 could not form biofilms on the polystyrene surface. A total of 85% of the strains forming biofilms at air-liquid interfaces in glass tubes also formed biofilms on polystyrene surfaces. Generally, non-virulent serovars showed a higher degree of biofilm formation than virulent serovars. The biofilm formation phenotype of most strains was maintained when cultures were passaged on agar and in broth. H. parasuis from the nasal cavities of pigs experimentally infected with biofilm-positive bacteria maintained the biofilm formation phenotype, whereas bacteria recovered from the lung and brain lost the ability to form biofilms. The biofilm-negative strains did not recover the ability to form biofilms via experimental infection. Our data indicate that most serovars of H. parasuis could form biofilms in vitro, and the biofilm formation phenotype is associated with the recovery site of the strains and is maintained when bacteria are passaged in vitro and in the upper respiratory tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jin
- Division of Animal Infectious Disease, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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20
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Bigas A, Garrido ME, de Rozas AMP, Badiola I, Barbé J, Llagostera M. Development of a genetic manipulation system for Haemophilus parasuis. Vet Microbiol 2004; 105:223-8. [PMID: 15708819 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2004.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2004] [Revised: 10/07/2004] [Accepted: 10/22/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis is a member of the family Pasteurellaceae and an important respiratory-tract pathogen of swine, which is the etiological agent of Glasser's disease. Because no genetic manipulation system is available for H. parasuis so far, in vivo studies about the role of its genes involved in virulence are unfeasible. Here we demonstrate that H. parasuis has a cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent natural transformation system that enables the uptake of DNA in which the ACCGAACTC sequence signal must be present. After improving DNA transformation parameters, such as cAMP and DNA concentration and exposition time of the exogenous DNA, a knockout mutant of H. parasuis defective in the thy gene, encoding the thymidylate synthase enzyme, has been constructed. Data presented in this work open the possibility for the functional analysis of genes involved in the infectious process of this animal pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bigas
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis is a commensal organism of the upper respiratory tract of conventional pigs, but under appropriate conditions can invade and cause severe systemic disease, characterized by fibrinous polyserositis, arthritis and meningitis. Factors involved in systemic invasion by H. parasuis remain largely unknown. However, major advances in our knowledge of H. parasuis include (1) development of a species-specific PCR test to detect H. parasuis in clinical samples, (2) study of molecular epidemiology within and between herds, by use of a repetitive element-based PCR, (3) the proposal of an alternative serotyping technique, (4) development and testing of a new in vivo model for pathogenesis and virulence studies, and (5) use of controlled exposure of young pigs to low doses of live, virulent H. parasuis strains to reduce nursery mortality in affected swine herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Oliveira
- Department of Clinical and Population Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, 385 Animal Science/Veterinary Medicine, 1988 Fitch Avenue, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA.
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Oliveira S, Pijoan C. Computer-based analysis of Haemophilus parasuis protein fingerprints. Can J Vet Res 2004; 68:71-5. [PMID: 14979439 PMCID: PMC1142133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to compare the whole-cell protein profiles of Haemophilus parasuis field isolates by using a computer-based analysis, and evaluate the relationship between polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) type and virulence potential based on isolation site. A dendrogram clustering isolates with similar protein profiles was generated. Haemophilus parasuis isolates were grouped into 2 major PAGE type groups. The PAGE type II isolates were characterized by the presence of major proteins with molecular weights varying from between 36 and 38 kDa and included 90.7% of the isolates recovered from systemic sites, such as pleura, pericardium, peritoneum, lymph nodes, joints, and brain. Isolates classified as PAGE type I were characterized by the absence of this group of proteins and included 83.4% of the isolates recovered from the upper respiratory tract of healthy animals. The present study further corroborates the existence of a unique group of major proteins in potentially virulent H. parasuis isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Oliveira
- Department of Clinical and Population Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA.
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23
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Abstract
Although Haemophilus parasuis is an important bacterial pathogen of swine, little is known about its pathogenesis or why some strains seem to be more virulent than others. Therefore, we used differential display reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (DDRT-PCR) to search for virulence-associated genes in a pathogenic serotype 5 strain, H. parasuis 1185. Gene expression was evaluated following growth in conditions chosen to begin to approximate those found in the upper respiratory tract and those encountered by the organism during acute infection. Seven different differentially expressed gene fragments were identified in cells grown at 40 degrees C in both the presence and absence of swine serum. Based on the deduced amino acid sequences, the most strongly up-regulated genes were homologs of fadD (a fatty acyl-CoA synthetase), apaH (diadenosine tetraphosphatase), pstI (enzyme I of the phosphoenolpyruvate-protein phosphotransferase system), and cysK (cysteine synthetase). Homologs of Std (Na(+)- and Cl(-)-dependent ion transporter), HSPG (a mammalian basement membrane-specific heparin sulphate core protein precursor) and PntB (pyridine nucleotide transhydrogenase) were also up-regulated, but to a much lower extent. Sequences homologous to all of the differentially expressed genes were detected in the reference strains of all 15 H. parasuis serotypes. This is the first report of a global search for virulence factors of H. parasuis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Hill
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ont., Canada N1G 2W1.
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