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Yazlık MO, Müştak İB, Özkan H, Vural SA, Kaya U, Özöner Ö, Mutluer İ, Altınbaş YF, Soylu MS, Vural MR. The presence of virulence factor genes downregulates uterine AQP3 and alters glutathione peroxidase activity and uterine histopathology in canine pyometra. Reprod Domest Anim 2024; 59:e14615. [PMID: 38798181 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Present study was designed to evaluate the role of virulence factor genes (papG, cnf1 and hylA) in the pathogenesis of canine pyometra. Antimicrobial susceptibility test and detection of virulence genes were performed Escherichia coli (E. coli) detected in uterine swab samples. Animals were divided into two groups based on the presence (VF+, n:14) or absence (VF-, n:7) of the virulence factor genes papG, cnf1 and hylA. Blood and tissue glutathione peroxidase activity, uterine histopathologic analysis and AQP3, ESR1, PGR, OXTR gene expressions were determined in both groups. Statistical analyses were performed using Stata version 15.1. All E. coli isolates were susceptible to amikacin, whereas resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and lincomycin. None of the isolates were susceptible to cefotaxime. E. coli isolates had at least one virulence gene. The most prevalent gene was fimH (100%), followed by fyuA (95.8%), usp (83.3%), sfa (75%), cnf1 and hlyA (70.8%) genes. Blood GPx activity was greater in VF+ animals. On the other hand, uterine tissue GPx activity was lower in VF+ group compared to the control group. Expression levels of AQP3 were upregulated more than fivefold in VF-dogs compared to the control group. In addition, AQP3 expression levels were found approximately threefold higher in VF (-) than VF (+) group (p < .05). Varying degree of inflammation noted for all animals with pyometra, but the presence of bacteria noted only in VF+ animals. In conclusion, the presence of virulence factor genes does not play a role in the histopathological degree of inflammation, the presence of bacteria was found to vary. Serum GPx activity increased in VF+ animals. While the hormone receptor expressions were similar, AQP expression was upregulated in the absence of virulence factor genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Onur Yazlık
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İnci Başak Müştak
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Özkan
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Sevil Atalay Vural
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ufuk Kaya
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Özgür Özöner
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey
| | - İpek Mutluer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
- Ankara University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yunus Furkan Altınbaş
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
- Ankara University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Miray Sevde Soylu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
- Ankara University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Rıfat Vural
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Li R, Xu H, Tang H, Shen J, Xu Y. The Characteristics of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases (ESBLs)-Producing Escherichia coli in Bloodstream Infection. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:2043-2060. [PMID: 37056484 PMCID: PMC10086224 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s400170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bloodstream infection (BSI) is a common type of infection frequently diagnosed in clinics. The emergence and spread of ESBLs-producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) has emerged as one of the biggest challenges in global community health. Methods The production of ESBLs was determined by the composite disk diffusion method. The expression of the various resistance and virulence genes were detected by PCR and sequencing. Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) and phylogenetic groups were used for the classification. The transfer of resistant plasmids was determined by conjugation assay. The statistical differences were analyzed using Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) version 23.0. Results A total of 60 strains of ESBLs-producing E. coli were collected. The resistance genes that were identified included bla CTX-M, bla TEM, bla SHV, bla OXA-1 and mcr-1. The most common one was the bla CTX-M including bla CTX-M-27 (n = 16), bla CTX-M-14 (n = 15), bla CTX-M-15 (n = 11), bla CTX-M-55 (n = 14) and bla CTX-M-65 (n = 5). A total of 31 STs were detected, and the most abundant among which was ST131 (n = 16, 26.7%). Most of the E. coli (n = 46, 76.7%) belonged to the groups B2 and D. And some virulence genes were related to the classification of the E. coli. Among them, the detection rates of hek/hra, kpsMII and papGII-III in groups B2 and D were higher than those in groups A and B1. The detection rates of cnf1, iucC and papGII-III in ST131 were higher than those in non-ST131. And the distributions of hek/hra, iroN, iucC, kpsMII and papGII-III were related to the bla CTX-M subtypes. Finally, most bacterial (n = 32, 53.3%) resistance genes could be transferred between the bacteria by plasmids, especially IncFIB. Conclusion ESBLs-producing E. coli in BSI exhibited had high resistance rates and carried a variety of virulence factors (VFs). This is necessary to strengthen the monitoring of ESBLs-producing isolates in the medical environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Provincial Laboratories of Pathogen Biology and Zoonoses, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huaming Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jilu Shen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People’s Republic of China
- Anhui Public Health Clinical Center, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanhong Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yuanhong Xu, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13505694447, Email
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Xavier RGC, da Silva PHS, Trindade HD, Carvalho GM, Nicolino RR, Freitas PMC, Silva ROS. Characterization of Escherichia coli in Dogs with Pyometra and the Influence of Diet on the Intestinal Colonization of Extraintestinal Pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC). Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9050245. [PMID: 35622773 PMCID: PMC9144190 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9050245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite its high frequency and clinical relevance, the pathogenesis of canine pyometra remains poorly understood. The most accepted hypothesis is that bacteria involved ascend from the intestinal tract, causing the uterine infection. Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) is the most frequent pathogen in canine pyometra, accounting for 57–100% of cases. The aim of the present study was to determine the frequency of phylogenetic groups and virulence factors in E. coli strains isolated from the uterine and rectal swabs of bitches with pyometra (n = 72) and from rectal swabs from healthy bitches fed commercial dry feed (n = 53) or a raw meat-based diet (RMBD; n = 38). A total of 512 strains of E. coli were isolated and divided into five categories according to the origin of the sample: 120 isolates from the uterine content of dogs with E. coli pyometra, 102 from the feces of bitches with E. coli pyometra, 75 from the feces of bitches without E. coli pyometra, 130 feces samples from healthy dogs fed commercial feed, and 85 feces samples from healthy dogs fed a raw meat-based diet. E. coli strains belonging to the B2 phylogroup and positive for virulence factor genes associated with adhesion (fimbriae type P [papC]) and production of toxins (α-hemolysin [hlyA] and uropathogenic specific protein [usp]) predominated in the uterine content and rectal swabs of bitches with E. coli pyometra. Interestingly, a lower growth rate of E. coli from the B2 phylogroup was observed in dogs fed a RMBD than in those fed commercial dry feed. The present study suggests that intestinal colonization by certain types of E. coli could be a risk factor for the occurrence of E. coli pyometra in bitches and that diet can influence intestinal colonization by such strains.
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Phylogeny and Virulence Factors of Escherichia coli Isolated from Dogs with Pyometra. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9040158. [PMID: 35448656 PMCID: PMC9025573 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9040158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the occurrence, phylogeny, and virulence of E. coli in the uterine contents and urine of female dogs with pyometra, through the presence of virulence genes and their genetic similarity. Uterine secretions and urine samples from 52 female dogs with pyometra were collected and cultured. Strains identified as E. coli from 25 uterine and 7 urine samples were tested for virulence genes by PCR. Genetic similarity between the isolates was studied using RAPD-PCR. E. coli was observed in 48.07% uterine samples with pyometra and 20.0% urine samples. The strains showed high percentages for the presence of virulence genes: 96.9% had the gene sfa, 59.4% afa, 46.9% pap, 53.1% hly, and 68.75% cnf. Even with the high prevalence of virulence genes, the samples were not submitted to DNA sequencing to confirm the results. Analysis showed high genetic diversity in E. coli, however, strains isolated from the same animal indicate that cystitis and pyometra could be related. Our study indicated the association between E. coli in dogs with pyometra and cases of urinary tract infection and the pathogenic potential of strains increasing with animal age.
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Insights on the genetic features of endometrial pathogenic Escherichia coli strains from pyometra in companion animals: Improving the knowledge about pathogenesis. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2020; 85:104453. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Raeispour M, Ranjbar R. Antibiotic resistance, virulence factors and genotyping of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2018; 7:118. [PMID: 30305891 PMCID: PMC6171155 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-018-0411-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The way of treating different types of infectious diseases is really important. Using genotyping method, we can determine the genetic relatedness between the organisms with different resistance profile from different sources. The aim of this study was to determine antibiotic resistance and genotyping of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains using pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Method Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains were recovered from the patients with urinary tract infections (UTI) whom admitted in several major hospitals in Tehran. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done according to CLSI guideline. The present of some virulence factor have been detected using PCR assay. Genotyping of the strains was performed by PFGE and all PFGE profiles were subjected to data processing. Result In total, 60 E. coli strains were subjected to the study. Most of E. coli isolates were resistant to cefepime (100%) and cephalothin (74%) and susceptible to imipenem (100%), vancomycin (100%) and doxycycline (100%). Among the UPEC isolates the prevalence of fimbriae type I (fimH), hemolysin (hlyA) and aerobactin (aer) genes were 89%, 60% and 90%, respectively. The PFGE differentiated E. coli strains into 33 different genetic clusters. Majority (30%) of them including PFGE type 11 generated 15 bands, while PFGE type 2 was the lowest (2%) prevalent group with 9 bands. Conclusion The result showed that the antibiotic resistance is escalating rapidly. UPEC strains causing infections are more likely to harbor certain virulence genes. Our finding also showed E. coli strains isolated under the study were belonged to the diverse clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Raeispour
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Ranjbar
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Borges CA, Beraldo LG, Maluta RP, Cardozo MV, Barboza KB, Guastalli EAL, Kariyawasam S, DebRoy C, Ávila FA. Multidrug-resistant pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from wild birds in a veterinary hospital. Avian Pathol 2016; 46:76-83. [PMID: 27754714 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2016.1209298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Wild birds are carriers of Escherichia coli. However, little is known about their role as reservoirs for extra-intestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC). In this work we investigated E. coli strains carrying virulence genes related to human and animal ExPEC isolated from free-living wild birds treated in a veterinary hospital. Multidrug resistance was found in 47.4% of the strains, but none of them were extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producers. Not only the virulence genes, but also the serogroups (e.g. O1 and O2) detected in the isolates of E. coli have already been implicated in human and bird diseases. The sequence types detected were also found in wild, companion and food animals, environmental and human clinical isolates in different countries. Furthermore, from the 19 isolates, 17 (89.5%) showed a degree of pathogenicity on an in vivo infection model. The isolates showed high heterogeneity by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis indicating that E. coli from these birds are clonally diverse. Overall, the results showed that wild birds can be reservoirs and/or vectors of highly pathogenic and multidrug-resistant E. coli that have the potential to cause disease in humans and poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Borges
- a Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences , São Paulo State University (UNESP) , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - L G Beraldo
- a Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences , São Paulo State University (UNESP) , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - R P Maluta
- b Department of Genetics, Evolution and Bioagents , Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP) , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - M V Cardozo
- a Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences , São Paulo State University (UNESP) , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - K B Barboza
- a Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences , São Paulo State University (UNESP) , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - E A L Guastalli
- c Biological Institute, Advanced Center for Technological Research of Poultry Agribusiness , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - S Kariyawasam
- d Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences , The Pennsylvania State University , University Park , PA , USA
| | - C DebRoy
- c Biological Institute, Advanced Center for Technological Research of Poultry Agribusiness , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - F A Ávila
- a Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences , São Paulo State University (UNESP) , São Paulo , Brazil
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Complete Genomic Sequence of an Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli Strain of Serotype O7:HNT. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2016; 4:4/1/e01611-15. [PMID: 26823578 PMCID: PMC4732331 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01611-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is associated with colibacillosis in poultry. Here, we present the first complete sequence of an APEC strain of the O7:HNT serotype and ST73 sequence type, isolated from a broiler with cellulitis. Complete genomes of APEC with distinct genetic backgrounds may be useful for comparative analysis.
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