1
|
Influence of chromium (III), cobalt (II) and their mixtures on cell metabolic activity. CURRENT ISSUES IN PHARMACY AND MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/cipms-2021-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Chromium (III) and cobalt (II) are necessary elements required for the proper functioning of the organism, but their excess can cause toxic effects. They are the basic components of implants and are also commonly used in medicine as components of dietary supplements, vitamin and mineral products and energy drinks. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cobalt (II) and chromium (III) and their combination on BJ cells. In the study, BJ cells were exposed to CoCl2 or CrCl3 at concentrations ranging from 100 to 1400 µM, and the cytotoxicity of chromium (III) and cobalt (II) and their mixtures was assessed by MTT reduction, LDH release and NRU assays. The outcome of this work reveals the cytotoxic effects of chromium (III) and cobalt (II) and their mixtures on BJ cells. In the cytotoxicity assays, at low concentrations of CoCl2 and CrCl3, stimulation of cell proliferation was observed. In higher concentrations, the cell viability decreased for the tested line in all the assays. During the simultaneous incubation of fibroblasts with 200 µM of CrCl3 and 1000 µM of CoCl2, antagonism was observed: chromium (III) at the concentration of 200 µM induced protection from cobalt (II) toxicity; in the case of interaction of chromium chloride at 1000 µm and cobalt chloride at 200 µM, the protective effect of CrCl3 on CoCl2 was not observed. In the latter case, synergism between these elements was noted. Our work indicates that cobalt (II) and chromium (III) show cytotoxic properties. These metals have a destructive effect on the cell membrane, lysosomes and mitochondria, which leads to disorders of cell metabolism.
Collapse
|
2
|
Ethanolic Extract of Moringa oleifera Leaves Influences NF-κB Signaling Pathway to Restore Kidney Tissue from Cobalt-Mediated Oxidative Injury and Inflammation in Rats. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12041031. [PMID: 32283757 PMCID: PMC7230732 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to describe the protective efficacy of Moringa oleifera ethanolic extract (MOEE) against the impact of cobalt chloride (CoCl2) exposure on the rat’s kidney. Fifty male rats were assigned to five equal groups: a control group, a MOEE-administered group (400 mg/kg body weight (bw), daily via gastric tube), a CoCl2-intoxicated group (300 mg/L, daily in drinking water), a protective group, and a therapeutic co-administered group that received MOEE prior to or following and concurrently with CoCl2, respectively. The antioxidant status indices (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and reduced glutathione (GSH)), oxidative stress markers (hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and malondialdehyde (MDA)), and inflammatory response markers (nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and C-reactive protein (CRP)) were evaluated. The expression profiles of pro-inflammatory cytokines (nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)) were also measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The results showed that CoCl2 exposure was associated with significant elevations of oxidative stress and inflammatory indices with reductions in the endogenous tissue antioxidants’ concentrations. Moreover, CoCl2 enhanced the activity of the NF-κB inflammatory-signaling pathway that plays a role in the associated inflammation of the kidney. MOEE ameliorated CoCl2-induced renal oxidative damage and inflammatory injury with the suppression of the mRNA expression pattern of pro-inflammatory cytokine-encoding genes. MOEE is more effective when it is administered with CoCl2 exposure as a prophylactic regimen. In conclusion, MOEE administration exhibited protective effects in counteracting CoCl2-induced renal injury in rats.
Collapse
|
3
|
Wenzel RG, Major D, Hesp KF, Hall E, Doble P. Cobalt accumulation in horses following repeated administration of cobalt chloride. Aust Vet J 2019; 97:465-472. [PMID: 31418855 DOI: 10.1111/avj.12872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To monitor cobalt concentrations in urine, red blood cells and plasma after chronic parenteral administration of cobalt chloride evaluate these results against the current International Federation of Horseracing Authorities thresholds for detecting cobalt misuse. DESIGN Eight mares were randomly assigned to four treatment groups, with two mares in each group: Group 1 - control group, Group 2 - 25 milligrams cobalt intravenously as CoCl2 weekly, Group 3 - 50 milligrams cobalt intravenously as CoCl2 weekly, and Group 4 - 25 milligrams cobalt intravenously mid-week and at the end of the week. Urine and blood samples were collected before each weekly administration so that trough levels were assessed. In the group receiving two doses per week, urine and blood were collected prior to the dose given at the end of each week. Samples were initially collected at time zero then weekly for 10 weeks. Three further collections of urine and blood were made at days 81, 106 and 127. METHODS Urine creatinine measurements to assess horse hydration status were performed by the Jaffe reaction method. Cobalt determinations in plasma, blood and urine were by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Haematocrit concentrations, used to calculate red cell cobalt levels, were performed using a microhematocrit centrifuge. Statistical analyses were conducted in Genstat (v17, VSNi). RESULTS Marked cobalt accumulation was evident with increasing cobalt concentrations for all sample matrices in specimens collected immediately prior to cobalt administration. Correlation between the sample matrices improved when urine cobalt concentration was adjusted for creatinine level. Red cell cobalt levels remained elevated for at least 12 weeks after cessation of administration, consistent with the lifespan of the red cell. There was no significant change in haematocrit concentrations for the duration of the study. CONCLUSION The current urine cobalt threshold was only effective at detecting acute cobalt exposure while the plasma cobalt threshold was able to consistently identify chronic high-level cobalt exposure and potential cobalt misuse. The threshold values legislated for urine cobalt do not correlate with those set for plasma. The acute nature of urinary cobalt excretion provides a relatively small window through which cobalt administration is detected. Plasma and red cell cobalt concentrations can provide a clearer picture of potential cobalt misuse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R G Wenzel
- NSW Health Pathology, Trace Elements Laboratory, Royal North Shore Hospital, Level 5, Acute Services Building, Pacific Highway, St Leonards, New South Wales, 2065, Australia.,Centre for Forensic Science, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, New South Wales, 2001, Australia
| | - D Major
- Derek Major Consulting Pty Ltd, Richmond, New South Wales, 2753, Australia
| | - K F Hesp
- NSW Health Pathology, Trace Elements Laboratory, Royal North Shore Hospital, Level 5, Acute Services Building, Pacific Highway, St Leonards, New South Wales, 2065, Australia
| | - E Hall
- Veterinary Biostatistics, University of Sydney, Camden, New South Wales, 2570, Australia
| | - P Doble
- Centre for Forensic Science, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, New South Wales, 2001, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Akinrinde AS, Adebiyi OE. Neuroprotection by luteolin and gallic acid against cobalt chloride-induced behavioural, morphological and neurochemical alterations in Wistar rats. Neurotoxicology 2019; 74:252-263. [PMID: 31362009 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cobalt (Co) intoxication arising from occupational exposures and ion release from metal implants has been associated with neurological alterations such as cognitive decline, incoordination and depression. The present study evaluated the mechanisms of neuro-protection exerted by Luteolin (Lut; 100 mg/kg) and Gallic acid (GA; 120 mg/kg) in Wistar rats exposed to cobalt chloride (CoCl2) at 150 mg/kg for 7 consecutive days. Results indicate that CoCl2 induced neuro-behavioural deficits specifically by decreasing exploratory activities of CoCl2-exposed rats, increased anxiety, as well as significant reduction in hanging latency. Co-treatment with Lut or GA, however, restored these parameters to values near those of normal controls. Moreover, Lut and GA prevented CoCl2-induced increases in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) in the brain, while also restoring the activities of acetylcholinesterase, glutathione S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). In addition, Lut and GA produced significant reversal of CoCl2-induced elevation in levels of serum Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and Tumor necrosis factor (TNFα). Meanwhile, immunohistochemistry revealed increased astrocytic expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), with intense calbindin (CB) D-28k staining and pronounced dendrites in the Purkinje cells. In contrast, the CoCl2 group was characterized by decreased number of neurons expressing CB and dendritic loss. Taken together, mechanisms of luteolin and/or gallic acid protection against Co toxicity involved restoration of Ca2+ homeostasis, acetylcholinesterase and antioxidant enzyme activities, as well as inhibition of lipid peroxidation in the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A S Akinrinde
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - O E Adebiyi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rahmati M, Mozafari M. Selective Contribution of Bioactive Glasses to Molecular and Cellular Pathways. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 6:4-20. [PMID: 33463236 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, biomedical scientists and surgeons have given substantial attention to bioactive glasses as promising, long-lasting biomaterials that can make chemical connections with the neighboring hard and soft tissues. Several studies have examined the cellular and molecular responses to bioactive glasses to determine if they are suitable biomaterials for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In this regard, different ions and additives have been used recently to induce specific characteristics for selective cellular and molecular responses. This Review briefly describes foreign-body response mechanisms and the role of adsorbed proteins as the key players in starting interactions between cells and biomaterials. It then explains the physicochemical properties of the most common bioactive glasses, which have a significant impact on their cellular and molecular responses. It is expected that, with the development of novel strategies, the physiochemical properties of bioactive glasses can be engineered to precisely control proteins' adsorption and cellular functions after implantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Rahmati
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Masoud Mozafari
- Bioengineering Research Group, Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Department, Materials and Energy Research Center (MERC), Tehran 14155-4777, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 144961-4535, Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, 144961-4535 Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Molesan A, Wang M, Sun Q, Pierce V, Desideri R, Palmer S, Todhunter R, Kelly K. Cardiac Pathology and Genomics of Sudden Death in Racehorses From New York and Maryland Racetracks. Vet Pathol 2019; 56:576-585. [PMID: 30917748 DOI: 10.1177/0300985819829529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Postmortem evaluation of racehorses has focused primarily on musculoskeletal injuries; however, horses also die suddenly on the track (sudden death [SD]). Although cardiac conditions are frequently suspected as a cause of death, SD racehorses are often autopsy negative; however, previous studies have been limited due to inconsistent or insufficient cardiac sampling and lack of controls. SD in New York (NY) and Maryland (MD) racehorses was evaluated in an observational case vs control study comparing clinical information, postmortem evaluation including cardiac dissection, and cardiac conduction system histopathology. In the study period, there were 40 cases of SD. In NY, SD occurred in 12% (37/316) of submissions, and 36 (11%) cases of SD were exercise associated (EASD); 3 EASD cases occurred in MD. In NY/MD EASD cases with histologic examination of the heart, 11 of 36 (31%) had significant lesions, including mesenteric artery rupture (1), axial trauma (2), systemic inflammation (2), pulmonary hemorrhage (1), and cardiac disease (5). Mild myocardial fibrosis, mild inflammation, coronary arteriosclerosis, and variation in cardiac nodal connective tissue were present in both SD cases and controls and thus were not considered to be causes of SD. While not excluding a genetic basis for SD, analysis of the genotypes (GGP Equine 70 K Array) of cases and controls did not reveal significant differences in allele frequencies at any locus. Most SD racehorses were autopsy negative; further research using standardized protocols and controls is needed to understand the underlying causes of SD, which is crucial to protecting the viability of racing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Molesan
- 1 Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Minghui Wang
- 2 Computational Biology Service Unit, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Qi Sun
- 2 Computational Biology Service Unit, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Virginia Pierce
- 3 College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Rhiannon Desideri
- 1 Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Scott Palmer
- 4 Departments of Biomedical Sciences and Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.,5 New York State Gaming Commission, Schenectady, NY, USA
| | - Rory Todhunter
- 6 Deptartment of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Kathleen Kelly
- 1 Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Skalny AV, Zaitseva IP, Gluhcheva YG, Skalny AA, Achkasov EE, Skalnaya MG, Tinkov AA. Cobalt in athletes: hypoxia and doping - new crossroads. J Appl Biomed 2019; 17:28. [DOI: 10.32725/jab.2018.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
|
8
|
Hoffmeister T, Schwenke D, Wachsmuth N, Krug O, Thevis M, Byrnes WC, Schmidt WF. Erythropoietic effects of low-dose cobalt application. Drug Test Anal 2018; 11:200-207. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.2478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Torben Hoffmeister
- Department of Sports Medicine/Sports Physiology; University of Bayreuth; Germany
| | - Dirk Schwenke
- Institute of Doping Analysis and Sports Biochemistry; University of Dresden; Germany
| | - Nadine Wachsmuth
- Department of Sports Medicine/Sports Physiology; University of Bayreuth; Germany
| | - Oliver Krug
- Institute of Biochemistry; German Sports University; Cologne Germany
| | - Mario Thevis
- Institute of Biochemistry; German Sports University; Cologne Germany
| | - William C. Byrnes
- Department of Integrative Physiology; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Walter F.J. Schmidt
- Department of Sports Medicine/Sports Physiology; University of Bayreuth; Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Burns TA, Dembek KA, Kamr A, Dooley SB, Dunbar LK, Aarnes TK, Bednarski LS, O'Brien C, Lakritz J, Byrum B, Wade A, Farmer R, Tan S, Toribio RE. Effect of Intravenous Administration of Cobalt Chloride to Horses on Clinical and Hemodynamic Variables. J Vet Intern Med 2017; 32:441-449. [PMID: 29286554 PMCID: PMC5787161 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cobalt chloride (CoCl2) is administered to racehorses to enhance performance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical, cardiovascular, and endocrine effects of parenterally administered CoCl2. Objectives To describe the effects of weekly intravenous doses of CoCl2 on Standardbred horses. Animals Five, healthy Standardbred mares. Methods Prospective, randomized, experimental dose‐escalation pilot. Five Standardbred mares were assigned to receive 1 of 5 doses of CoCl2 (4, 2, 1, 0.5, or 0.25 mg/kg) weekly IV for 5 weeks. Physical examination, blood pressure, cardiac output, and electrocardiography (ECG) were evaluated for 4 hours after administration of the first and fifth doses. Blood and urine samples were collected for evaluation of cobalt concentration, CBC and clinical chemistry, and hormone concentrations. Results All mares displayed pawing, nostril flaring, muscle tremors, and straining after CoCl2 infusion. Mares receiving 4, 2, or 1 mg/kg doses developed tachycardia after dosing (HR 60–126 bpm). Ventricular tachycardia was noted for 10 minutes after administration of the 4 mg/kg dose. Increases in systolic arterial pressure (SAP), diastolic arterial pressure (DAP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) occurred after administration of all doses (4, 2, 1, 0.5, and 0.25 mg/kg). Profound hypertension was observed after the 4 mg/kg dose (SAP/DAP, MAP [mmHg] = 291–300/163–213, 218–279). Hemodynamics normalized by 1–2 hours after administration. ACTH and cortisol concentrations increased within 30 minutes of administration of all CoCl2 doses, and cardiac troponin I concentration increased after administration of the 4 and 2 mg/kg doses. Conclusions and Clinical Importance The degree of hypertension and arrhythmia observed after IV CoCl2 administration raises animal welfare and human safety concerns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T A Burns
- The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - K A Dembek
- The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - A Kamr
- The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - S B Dooley
- The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - L K Dunbar
- The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - T K Aarnes
- The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - L S Bednarski
- The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - C O'Brien
- The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - J Lakritz
- The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - B Byrum
- Consumer Protection Laboratory, Analytical Toxicology Section, Ohio Department of Agriculture, Reynoldsburg, OH
| | - A Wade
- Consumer Protection Laboratory, Analytical Toxicology Section, Ohio Department of Agriculture, Reynoldsburg, OH
| | - R Farmer
- Consumer Protection Laboratory, Analytical Toxicology Section, Ohio Department of Agriculture, Reynoldsburg, OH
| | - S Tan
- Consumer Protection Laboratory, Analytical Toxicology Section, Ohio Department of Agriculture, Reynoldsburg, OH
| | - R E Toribio
- The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Awoyemi OV, Okotie UJ, Oyagbemi AA, Omobowale TO, Asenuga ER, Ola-Davies OE, Ogunpolu BS. Cobalt chloride exposure dose-dependently induced hepatotoxicity through enhancement of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)/B-cell associated protein X (BAX) signaling and genotoxicity in Wistar rats. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:1899-1907. [PMID: 28303633 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cobalt chloride (CoCl2 ) is one of the many environmental contaminants, used in numerous industrial sectors. It is a pollutant with deadly toxicological consequences both in developing and developed countries. We investigated toxicological impact of CoCl2 on hepatic antioxidant status, apoptosis, and genotoxicity. Forty Wistar rats were divided into four groups, 10 rats per group: Group 1 served as control and received clean tap water orally; Group 2 received CoCl2 solution (150 mg/L); Group 3 received CoCl2 solution (300 mg/L); and Group 4 received CoCl2 (600 mg/L) in drinking water for 7 days, respectively. Exposure of rats to CoCl2 led to a significant decline in hepatic antioxidant enzymes together with significant increase in markers of oxidative stress. Immunohistochemistry revealed dose-dependent increase in cyclooxygenase-2 and BAX expressions together with increased frequency of Micronucleated Polychromatic Erythrocytes. Combining all, CoCl2 administration led to hepatic damage through induction of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ufuoma Jowafe Okotie
- Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, Moor Plantation, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ademola Adetokunbo Oyagbemi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Temidayo Olutayo Omobowale
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ebunoluwa Racheal Asenuga
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Benin, Benin, Nigeria
| | - Olufunke Eunice Ola-Davies
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Blessing Seun Ogunpolu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wilkin T, Baoutina A, Hamilton N. Equine performance genes and the future of doping in horseracing. Drug Test Anal 2017; 9:1456-1471. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.2198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Wilkin
- Vet Faculty; University of Sydney; Gunn Building, Sydney University, Camperdown NSW Australia
- Bioanalysis; The National Measurement Institute; 36 Bradfield Rd, Lindfield Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Anna Baoutina
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science; The University of Sydney; Bradfield Rd West Lindfield New South Wales Australia
| | - Natasha Hamilton
- Faculty of Veterinary Science; University of Sydney; Sydney New South Wales Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Akinrinde AS, Omobowale O, Oyagbemi A, Asenuga E, Ajibade T. Protective effects of kolaviron and gallic acid against cobalt-chloride-induced cardiorenal dysfunction via suppression of oxidative stress and activation of the ERK signaling pathway. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 94:1276-1284. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cobalt (Co) toxicity is a potential public health problem due to recent renewed use of Co in orthopedic implants, dietary supplements, and blood doping in athletes and horses. We investigated the protective roles of kolaviron (KV), a bi-flavonoid of Garcinia kola, and gallic acid (GA) on cobalt chloride (CoCl2)-induced cardiorenal damage in rats. CoCl2 caused significant increases (p < 0.05) in serum creatine kinase–myocardial band (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate transaminase (AST), xanthine oxidase (XO), urea, creatinine, malondialdehyde, H2O2, nitric oxide, as well as C-reactive protein expression, along with significant (p < 0.05) reduction in cardiac and renal expression of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) and the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione S-transferase. KV and GA prevented the toxic effects of CoCl2 by stimulating ERK expression and reversing Co-induced biochemical changes. Administration of CoCl2 alone did not significantly alter ECG patterns in the rats, although co-treatment with KV (200 mg/kg) produced QT-segment prolongation and also appeared to potentiate Co hypotension. Histopathology of the heart and kidneys of rats treated with KV and GA confirmed the biochemical data. KV and GA thus protected against cardiac and renal damage in Co intoxication via antioxidant and (or) cell survival mechanisms, possibly involving ERK activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akinleye Stephen Akinrinde
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, 900001 Nigeria
| | - Olutayo Omobowale
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, 900001 Nigeria
| | - Ademola Oyagbemi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, 900001 Nigeria
| | - Ebunoluwa Asenuga
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Benin, Nigeria
| | - Temitayo Ajibade
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, 900001 Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ho ENM, Curl P, Sykes D, Wan TSM. Responses to Commentary on Paper: "Controlling the misuse of cobalt in horses". Drug Test Anal 2016; 8:882-4. [PMID: 27168350 DOI: 10.1002/dta.1982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emmie N M Ho
- Racing Laboratory, The Hong Kong Jockey Club, Sha Tin Racecourse, Sha Tin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Peter Curl
- Department of Veterinary Regulation & International Liaison, The Hong Kong Jockey Club, Sha Tin Racecourse, Sha Tin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - David Sykes
- Emirates Racing Authority, Meydan Grandstand, Al Meydan Road, Nad Al Sheba, PO Box 9452, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Terence S M Wan
- Racing Laboratory, The Hong Kong Jockey Club, Sha Tin Racecourse, Sha Tin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Towards the elimination of excessive cobalt supplementation in racing horses: A pharmacological review. Res Vet Sci 2016; 104:106-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|