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de Carvalho JRG, Del Puppo D, Littiere TDO, de Sales NAA, Silva ACY, Ribeiro G, de Almeida FN, Alves BG, Gatto IRH, Ramos GV, Ferraz GDC. Functional infrared thermography imaging can be used to assess the effectiveness of Maxicam Gel ® in pre-emptively treating transient synovitis and lameness in horses. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1399815. [PMID: 38919154 PMCID: PMC11197459 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1399815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Diagnosing and treating lameness in horses is essential to improving their welfare. In equine orthopedic practice, infrared thermography (IRT) can indirectly detect soreness. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can treat painful and inflammatory processes in horses. Using IRT, the efficacy of meloxicam (Maxicam Gel®) was evaluated in pre-treating transient synovitis in horses induced by a middle carpal joint injection of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from E. coli 055:B5 at a dose of 10 endotoxin units. Methods In a cross-over design, six healthy horses were randomly assigned to receive either 0.6 mg/kg of oral Maxicam Gel® (MAXVO) or a mock administration (control group, C) following a two-week washout period. IRT of the middle carpal joint, visual lameness assessment and joint circumference were recorded over time. Clinical and hematological evaluations were performed. Synovial fluid aspirates were analyzed for total nucleated cell count, total protein, and prostaglandin E2. A mixed effects analysis of variance was performed for repeated measures over time, followed by Tukey's test. A multinomial logistic regression was conducted to determine whether there is a relationship between a thermography temperature change and the lameness score. Results There were no changes in joint circumference. The MAXVO group showed a lower rectal temperature 4 h after synovitis induction. The C group presented an increase in neutrophils and a decrease in total hemoglobin and hematocrit 8 h after induction. No changes were observed in the synovial fluid between groups. The horses that received meloxicam did not show clinically significant lameness at any time, while the C group showed an increase in lameness 2, 4, and 8 h after synovitis induction. Discussion IRT indicated that the skin surface temperature of the middle carpal joint was lower in horses who received meloxicam, suggesting a reduction in the inflammatory process induced by LPS. It was observed that the maximum temperature peaks in the dorsopalmar and lateropalmar positions can be utilized to predict the severity of lameness, particularly when the temperature rises above 34°C. Horses pre-treated with meloxicam showed either reduced or no indication of mild to moderate pain and presented a lowehr thermographic temperature, which indicates the effectiveness of Maxicam Gel® as an anti-inflammatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Ribeiro Garcia de Carvalho
- Laboratory of Equine Exercise Physiology and Pharmacology (LAFEQ), Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, FCAV/UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Debora Del Puppo
- Research and Development Department, Ourofino Animal Health Company, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thayssa de Oliveira Littiere
- Laboratory of Equine Exercise Physiology and Pharmacology (LAFEQ), Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, FCAV/UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nathali Adrielli Agassi de Sales
- Laboratory of Equine Exercise Physiology and Pharmacology (LAFEQ), Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, FCAV/UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Yamamoto Silva
- Laboratory of Equine Exercise Physiology and Pharmacology (LAFEQ), Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, FCAV/UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gesiane Ribeiro
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University - Lisbon University Centre, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Bruna Gomes Alves
- Research and Development Department, Ourofino Animal Health Company, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriel Vieira Ramos
- Equine Sports Medicine Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, FCAV/UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme de Camargo Ferraz
- Laboratory of Equine Exercise Physiology and Pharmacology (LAFEQ), Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, FCAV/UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil
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Panizzi L, Dittmer KE, Vignes M, Doucet JS, Gedye K, Waterland MR, Rogers CW, Sano H, McIlwraith CW, Riley CB. Plasma and Synovial Fluid Cell-Free DNA Concentrations Following Induction of Osteoarthritis in Horses. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13061053. [PMID: 36978592 PMCID: PMC10044647 DOI: 10.3390/ani13061053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers for osteoarthritis (OA) in horses have been extensively investigated, but translation into clinical use has been limited due to cost, limited sensitivity, and practicality. Identifying novel biomarkers that overcome these limitations could facilitate early diagnosis and therapy. This study aimed to compare the concentrations of synovial fluid (SF) and plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) over time in control horses with those with induced carpal OA. Following an established model, unilateral carpal OA was induced in 9 of 17 healthy Thoroughbred fillies, while the remainder were sham-operated controls. Synovial fluid and plasma samples were obtained before induction of OA (Day 0) and weekly thereafter until Day 63, and cfDNA concentrations were determined using fluorometry. The SF cfDNA concentrations were significantly higher for OA joints than for sham-operated joints on Days 28 (median 1430 μg/L and 631 μg/L, respectively, p = 0.017) and 63 (median 1537 μg/L and 606 μg/L, respectively, p = 0.021). There were no significant differences in plasma cfDNA between the OA and the sham groups after induction of carpal OA. Plasma cfDNA measurement is not sufficiently sensitive for diagnostic purposes in this induced model of OA. Synovial fluid cfDNA measurement may be used as a biomarker to monitor early disease progression in horses with OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Panizzi
- School of Veterinary Science, College of Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (K.E.D.); (K.G.); (C.W.R.); (H.S.); (C.B.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Keren E. Dittmer
- School of Veterinary Science, College of Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (K.E.D.); (K.G.); (C.W.R.); (H.S.); (C.B.R.)
| | - Matthieu Vignes
- School of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, College of Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand;
| | - Jennie S. Doucet
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada;
| | - Kristene Gedye
- School of Veterinary Science, College of Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (K.E.D.); (K.G.); (C.W.R.); (H.S.); (C.B.R.)
| | - Mark R. Waterland
- School of Natural Sciences, College of Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand;
| | - Chris W. Rogers
- School of Veterinary Science, College of Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (K.E.D.); (K.G.); (C.W.R.); (H.S.); (C.B.R.)
- School of Agriculture and Environment, College of Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Hiroki Sano
- School of Veterinary Science, College of Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (K.E.D.); (K.G.); (C.W.R.); (H.S.); (C.B.R.)
| | - C. Wayne McIlwraith
- Orthopaedic Research Center, C. Wayne McIlwraith Translational Medicine Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1601, USA;
| | - Christopher B. Riley
- School of Veterinary Science, College of Science, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (K.E.D.); (K.G.); (C.W.R.); (H.S.); (C.B.R.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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Adepu S, Lord M, Hugoh Z, Nyström S, Mattsson-Hulten L, Abrahamsson-Aurell K, Lützelschwab C, Skiöldebrand E. Salivary Biglycan-neo-epitope-BGN262: a novel surrogate biomarker for equine osteoarthritic sub-chondral bone sclerosis and to monitor the effect of short-term training and surface arena. OSTEOARTHRITIS AND CARTILAGE OPEN 2023; 5:100354. [PMID: 36968250 PMCID: PMC10033749 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocarto.2023.100354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective We aimed to delineate a novel soluble Biglycan Neo-epitope-BGN262 in saliva from young reference and osteoarthritic horses in conjunction with the influence of short-term training exercise, riding surface hardness, circadian rhythm, and feeding on its soluble levels. Design A custom-made inhibition ELISA was used for the quantification of BGN262 in saliva. Cohort 1: A cross-sectional study comprising reference (N = 19) and OA horses (N = 9) with radiographically classified subchondral bone sclerosis. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to evaluate the robustness of BGN262. Cohorts 2 (N = 5) & 3 (N = 7): Longitudinal studies of sampling during a short-term training exercise (sand-fibre) and a cross-over design of short-training exercise on 2 different riding arenas (sand and sand-fibre), respectively. Capillary western immunoassay was used to determine the BGN262 molecular size in a selection of saliva samples collected from cohort 1. Results Cohort 1: Salivary BGN262 levels were significantly higher in the OA group. The Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed an area under the curve of 0.8304 [0.6386 to 1.022], indicating a good separation from the reference group. Cohorts 2 & 3: Salivary BGN262 levels significantly changed during the exercise on sand and sand-fibre arena, with a trend towards higher levels for sand-fibre. The size of the BGN262 fragment determined by Capillary western assay was 18 kDa. Conclusions The data presented show saliva BGN262 levels as a novel biomarker in evaluating the influence of exercise, and interaction with riding arenas alongside assessing osteoarthritis severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Adepu
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- Corresponding author.
| | - M. Lord
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Z. Hugoh
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - S. Nyström
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - L. Mattsson-Hulten
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - K. Abrahamsson-Aurell
- Hallands Djursjukhus Kungsbacka Hästklinik, Älvsåkers Byväg 20, 434 95 Kungsbacka, Sweden
| | - C. Lützelschwab
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - E. Skiöldebrand
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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Panizzi L, Vignes M, Dittmer K, Waterland M, Rogers C, Sano H, McIlwraith C, Pemberton S, Owen M, Riley C. Infrared spectroscopy of serum fails to identify early biomarker changes in an equine model of traumatic osteoarthritis. OSTEOARTHRITIS AND CARTILAGE OPEN 2022; 4:100297. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ocarto.2022.100297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Wang H, Shu J, Zhang C, Wang Y, Shi R, Yang F, Tang X. Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated miR-150-3p Delivery in Joint Homeostasis: A Potential Treatment for Osteoarthritis? Cells 2022; 11:cells11172766. [PMID: 36078172 PMCID: PMC9454967 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The disruption of joint homeostasis is a critical event during the process of joint injury in osteoarthritis (OA). As regulatory molecules, microRNAs (miRNAs) can be released from secretory cells and delivered to recipient cells through extracellular vesicles (EVs), thereby playing an important role in regulating joint homeostasis. We hypothesized that the fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) in healthy joints could release EVs enriched in miRNAs that can maintain joint homeostasis by regulating the signal transduction pathways in the joints, whereby the articular cartilage (AC) is protected from degeneration, and OA progression is delayed. Methods: Via high-throughput sequencing and qPCR, we found that miR-150-3p was enriched in the circulating EVs in healthy rats. Next, we established an in vitro cell model in which chondrocytes were cultured with (i) FLSs transfected with miR-150-3p mimics or (ii) EVs released by FLSs (FLS–EVs) inside the healthy synovial membrane (SM). The transportation mechanism from FLSs to chondrocytes was studied using the EV inhibitor GW4869, and the FLSs were transfected with a miR-150-3p mimic or inhibitor. To assess the therapeutic effect of miR-150-3p-carrying EVs (EVs-150) in vivo, healthy FLS-derived EVs (H-FLS–EVs) were injected into the tail vein of rats with OA at various stages of the pathogenesis and evaluated for the progression of OA. Results: The chondrocytes could uptake fluorescent-labeled miR-150-3p mimics and FLS–EVs, and GW4869 suppressed this uptake. The overexpression of miR-150-3p could significantly reduce the concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the cell culture medium and the expression of the miR-150-3p target T cell receptor-interacting molecule 14 (Trim14), as well as the innate immune-related factors, including nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and interferon-β (IFN-β). Similarly to the in vitro findings, the miR-150-3p level in the serum EVs was significantly upregulated among the EV-treated rats. In the AC of the OA rat model injected with H-FLS–EVs, the joint degeneration was suppressed, and Type II collagen (COLII) and aggrecan (ACAN) were significantly upregulated, whereas the innate immune-related factors Trim14, NF-κB, and IFN-β were downregulated compared with the levels in the untreated OA rats. Notably, the suppression of joint degeneration was more significant when H-FLS–EVs were administered at the early stages of OA rather than the late stages. Conclusion: H-FLS–EVs protect chondrocyte function and maintain joint homeostasis by modulating the innate immune response by suppressing the Trim14/NF-κB/IFNβ axis. These effects are achieved through the EV-mediated transport of miR-150-3p from the FLSs to the chondrocytes. Our findings show that EV-mediated miR-150-3p can be used to suppress OA, thus providing a novel therapeutic strategy. Additionally, the EV-mediated miR-150-3p transport may also serve as a potential biomarker in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Massage, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
- Correspondence: (H.W.); (X.T.)
| | - Jun Shu
- Institute of Clinical Research, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chengfei Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Rongxing Shi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Acupuncture, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Massage, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xuezhang Tang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Massage, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
- Correspondence: (H.W.); (X.T.)
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Baccarin RYA, Seidel SRT, Michelacci YM, Tokawa PKA, Oliveira TM. Osteoarthritis: a common disease that should be avoided in the athletic horse's life. Anim Front 2022; 12:25-36. [PMID: 35711506 PMCID: PMC9197312 DOI: 10.1093/af/vfac026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Yvonne Arantes Baccarin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sarah Raphaela Torquato Seidel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Yara Maria Michelacci
- Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Keiko Anadão Tokawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tiago Marcelo Oliveira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Mohammadi A, te Moller NCR, Ebrahimi M, Plomp S, Brommer H, van Weeren PR, Mäkelä JTA, Töyräs J, Korhonen RK. Site- and Zone-Dependent Changes in Proteoglycan Content and Biomechanical Properties of Bluntly and Sharply Grooved Equine Articular Cartilage. Ann Biomed Eng 2022; 50:1787-1797. [PMID: 35754073 PMCID: PMC9794534 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-022-02991-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we mapped and quantified changes of proteoglycan (PG) content and biomechanical properties in articular cartilage in which either blunt or sharp grooves had been made, both close to the groove and more remote of it, and at the opposing joint surface (kissing site) in equine carpal joints. In nine adult Shetland ponies, standardized blunt and sharp grooves were surgically made in the radiocarpal and middle carpal joints of a randomly chosen front limb. The contralateral control limb was sham-operated. At 39 weeks after surgery, ponies were euthanized. In 10 regions of interest (ROIs) (six remote from the grooves and four directly around the grooves), PG content as a function of tissue-depth and distance-to-groove was estimated using digital densitometry. Biomechanical properties of the cartilage were evaluated in the six ROIs remote from the grooves. Compared to control joints, whole tissue depth PG loss was found in sites adjacent to sharp and, to a larger extent, blunt grooves. Also, superficial PG loss of the surgically untouched kissing cartilage layers was observed. Significant PG loss was observed up to 300 µm (sharp) and at 500 µm (blunt) from the groove into the surrounding tissue. Equilibrium modulus was lower in grooved cartilage than in controls. Grooves, in particular blunt grooves, gave rise to severe PG loss close to the grooved sites and to mild degeneration more remote from the grooves in both sharply and bluntly grooved cartilage and at the kissing sites, resulting in loss of mechanical strength over the 9-month period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mohammadi
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Nikae C. R. te Moller
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mohammadhossein Ebrahimi
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland ,Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Saskia Plomp
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Harold Brommer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - P. René van Weeren
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Janne T. A. Mäkelä
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juha Töyräs
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland ,School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia ,Science Service Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Rami K. Korhonen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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te Moller NCR, Mohammadi A, Plomp S, Serra Bragança FM, Beukers M, Pouran B, Afara IO, Nippolainen E, Mäkelä JTA, Korhonen RK, Töyräs J, Brommer H, van Weeren PR. Structural, compositional, and functional effects of blunt and sharp cartilage damage on the joint: A 9-month equine groove model study. J Orthop Res 2021; 39:2363-2375. [PMID: 33368588 PMCID: PMC8597083 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to quantify the long-term progression of blunt and sharp cartilage defects and their effect on joint homeostasis and function of the equine carpus. In nine adult Shetland ponies, the cartilage in the radiocarpal and middle carpal joint of one front limb was grooved (blunt or sharp randomized). The ponies were subjected to an 8-week exercise protocol and euthanized at 39 weeks. Structural and compositional alterations in joint tissues were evaluated in vivo using serial radiographs, synovial biopsies, and synovial fluid samples. Joint function was monitored by quantitative gait analysis. Macroscopic, microscopic, and biomechanical evaluation of the cartilage and assessment of subchondral bone parameters were performed ex vivo. Grooved cartilage showed higher OARSI microscopy scores than the contra-lateral sham-operated controls (p < 0.0001). Blunt-grooved cartilage scored higher than sharp-grooved cartilage (p = 0.007) and fixed charge density around these grooves was lower (p = 0.006). Equilibrium and instantaneous moduli trended lower in grooved cartilage than their controls (significant for radiocarpal joints). Changes in other tissues included a threefold to sevenfold change in interleukin-6 expression in synovium from grooved joints at week 23 (p = 0.042) and an increased CPII/C2C ratio in synovial fluid extracted from blunt-grooved joints at week 35 (p = 0.010). Gait analysis outcome revealed mild, gradually increasing lameness. In conclusion, blunt and, to a lesser extent, sharp grooves in combination with a period of moderate exercise, lead to mild degeneration in equine carpal cartilage over a 9-month period, but the effect on overall joint health remains limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikae C. R. te Moller
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Ali Mohammadi
- Department of Applied PhysicsUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
| | - Saskia Plomp
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Filipe M. Serra Bragança
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Martijn Beukers
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Behdad Pouran
- Department of OrthopaedicsUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Isaac O. Afara
- Department of Applied PhysicsUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
| | - Ervin Nippolainen
- Department of Applied PhysicsUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
| | | | - Rami K. Korhonen
- Department of Applied PhysicsUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
| | - Juha Töyräs
- Department of Applied PhysicsUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
- Diagnostic Imaging CenterKuopio University HospitalKuopioFinland
- School of Information Technology and Electrical EngineeringThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Harold Brommer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - P. René van Weeren
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtthe Netherlands
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Connysson M, Rhodin M, Bergh A, Jansson A. Effects of horse housing on musculoskeletal system post-exercise recovery. COMPARATIVE EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3920/cep200088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of two housing systems (control housing and loose housing) on musculoskeletal condition during recovery from race-like exercise in Standardbred horses. The hypothesis was that a loose housing system provides better conditions for musculoskeletal recovery than the control housing. Eight adult geldings (mean age 11 years) were used in a study with a cross-over design, with the control housing (CH) and loose housing (LH) treatments each run for 21 days. The horses had ad libitum access to forage and performed two similar race-like exercise tests (ET), on day 7 and day 14 in each treatment. Blood samples were collected before ET, at finish line, and at 7, 22, and 44 h of recovery and analysed for the muscle enzyme activities of creatine kinase and amino transferase. Before and three days after ET, hind leg fetlock joint region circumference and diameter, joint range of motion in right hock and carpus, mechanical nociceptive threshold in back muscle, and movement asymmetry were recorded. Overall circumference and overall diameter of hind fetlock joint region were lower in LH horses than CH horses (P=0.045 and P=0.017, respectively), but no other differences were observed. In conclusion, a loose housing system did not alter the recovery of musculoskeletal condition other than preventing a post exercise enlargement of the circumference and diameter of the hind fetlock joint region.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Connysson
- Wången National Center for Education in Trotting, Vången 110, 83593 Alsen, Sweden
| | - M. Rhodin
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A. Bergh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7011, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A. Jansson
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
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Yamada ALM, Pinheiro M, Marsiglia MF, Hagen SCF, Baccarin RYA, da Silva LCLC. Ultrasound and clinical findings in the metacarpophalangeal joint assessment of show jumping horses in training. J Vet Sci 2020; 21:e21. [PMID: 32476309 PMCID: PMC7263911 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2020.21.e21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Physical exercise is known to cause significant joint changes. Thus, monitoring joint behavior of athletic horses is essential in early disorders recognition, allowing the proper management. Objectives The aims of this study were to determine the morphological patterns, physical examination characteristics and ultrasound findings of show jumping horses in training and to establish a score-based examination model for physical and ultrasound follow-ups of metacarpophalangeal joint changes in these animals. Methods A total of 52 metacarpophalangeal joints from 26 horses who were initially in the taming stage were evaluated, and the horses' athletic progression was monitored. The horses were evaluated by a physical examination and by B-mode and Doppler-mode ultrasound examinations, starting at time zero (T0), which occurred concomitantly with the beginning of training, and every 3 months thereafter for a follow-up period of 18 months. Results The standardized examination model revealed an increase in the maximum joint flexion angles and higher scores on the physical and ultrasound examinations after scoring was performed by predefined assessment tools, especially between 3 and 6 months of evaluation, which was immediately after the horses started more intense training. The lameness score and the ultrasound examination score were slightly higher at the end of the study. Conclusions The observed results were probably caused by the implementation of a training regimen and joint adaptation to physical conditioning. The joints most likely undergo a pre-osteoarthritic period due to work overload, which can manifest in a consistent or adaptive manner, as observed during this study. Thus, continuous monitoring of young athlete horses by physical and ultrasound examinations that can be scored is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lúcia M Yamada
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508 270, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Pinheiro
- Independant Veterinarian, Alameda do Parque 400, Jd Plaza Athene, Itu, SP 13302 225, Brazil
| | - Marília F Marsiglia
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508 270, Brazil
| | - Stefano Carlo F Hagen
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508 270, Brazil
| | - Raquel Yvonne A Baccarin
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508 270, Brazil
| | - Luís Cláudio L C da Silva
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508 270, Brazil
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11
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Millican AA, Leatherwood JL, Coverdale JA, Arnold CE, Bradbery AN, Larson CK, Lamprecht ED, White SH, Paulk CB, Welsh TH, Wickersham TA. Evaluation of dietary trace mineral supplementation in young horses challenged with intra-articular lipopolysaccharide. Transl Anim Sci 2020; 4:txaa006. [PMID: 32705007 PMCID: PMC7001113 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txaa006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sixteen weanling Quarter Horses (255 ± 22 kg) were utilized in a 56-d trial to evaluate the effects of trace mineral (TM) source on intra-articular inflammation following a single acute inflammatory insult. Horses were stratified by age, sex, and BW and then randomly assigned to dietary treatment: concentrate formulated with Zn, Mn, Cu, and Co as inorganic sources (CON; n = 8) or complexed TMs (CTM; n = 8). Added TM were formulated at iso-levels across treatments and intakes met or exceeded NRC requirements. Horses were offered 1.75% BW (as-fed) of treatment concentrate and 0.75% BW (as-fed) coastal Bermudagrass hay. Growth measurements were collected on days 0, 28, and 56, and plasma was collected biweekly for determination of Mn, Cu, Zn, and Co concentrations. On day 42, carpal joints were randomly assigned to receive injections of 0.5 ng lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or sterile lactated Ringer’s solution (LRS; contralateral control). Synovial fluid was collected at preinjection hours (PIH) 0, and 6, 12, 24, 168, and 336 h post-injection and analyzed for TM concentration, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), carboxypeptide of type II collagen (CPII), collagenase cleavage neopeptide (C2C), and aggrecan chondroitin sulfate 846 epitope (CS846). Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Results showed a TM source × LPS × h effect for synovial fluid Co, Cu, and Se (P < 0.05); concentrations of TM peaked at hour 6 and decreased to preinjection values by hour 168 in both CON and CTM–LPS knees. A delayed peak was observed at hour 12 for CTM–LRS. Peak synovial fluid Cu and Se concentrations were higher in LPS knees, and Co was highest in CTM–LPS. A TM source × h interaction was observed for Zn (P < 0.05); concentrations peaked at hour 6 in CON vs. hour 12 for CTM. An LPS × h interaction was observed for Mn (P < 0.01); synovial concentration peaked at hour 6 in LPS knees compared with hour 24 in LRS. Synovial PGE2, C2C, CPII, and CS846 concentrations were greater with LPS (P ≤ 0.01), and C2C was greater (P < 0.01) in CTM compared with CON. Concentrations of CPII and PGE2 were unaffected by diet. A TM source × h × LPS interaction was observed for CS846 (P = 0.02). Concentrations of CS846 in CTM peaked at 12 h, whereas CON peaked at a lower concentration at 24 h (P < 0.05). Data indicate sufficient intake of a complexed TM source may support cartilage metabolism through increased aggrecan synthesis and type II collagen breakdown following an intra-articular LPS challenge in growing horses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Josie A Coverdale
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Carolyn E Arnold
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Amanda N Bradbery
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | | | | | - Sarah H White
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Chad B Paulk
- Department of Grain Science and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Thomas H Welsh
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
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12
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Coppelman EB, David FH, Tóth F, Ernst NS, Trumble TN. The association between collagen and bone biomarkers and radiographic osteoarthritis in the distal tarsal joints of horses. Equine Vet J 2019; 52:391-398. [PMID: 31596508 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) of the distal intertarsal (DIT) and tarsometatarsal (TMT) joints occurs commonly. Synovial fluid (SF) biomarkers of collagen and bone turnover have potential clinical value. OBJECTIVES To measure SF biomarker concentrations from DIT and TMT joints in adult horses and determine if they correlate with radiographic OA severity and are higher in joints with radiographic OA compared to controls. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional. METHODS Radiographic OA of DIT and TMT joints was evaluated from adult horses (5-35 years old). Overall radiographic scores divided horses into those with mild or moderate radiographic OA (16 joints from 9 horses) or controls (13 joints from 9 horses). Direct biomarkers of OA (Carboxypropeptide of type II collagen = CPII, carboxy-neoepitope of type II collagen exposed after collagenase-cleavage = C2C, Bone alkaline phosphatase = BAP and Chondroitin sulfate epitope = CS846) were measured via ELISA and CPII/C2C was calculated. Biomarkers were correlated with radiographic findings and concentrations from those with radiographic OA to control joints and were compared. RESULTS Concentrations of CPII (R = 0.84, P<0.001), C2C (R = 0.69, P<0.001) and BAP (R = 0.41, P = 0.03) as well as CPII/C2C (R = 0.69, P<0.001) values positively correlated with overall radiographic scores. Adjusted means ± s.d., after controlling for age, for CPII (P<0.001), C2C (P<0.001), CPII/C2C (P = 0.004) and BAP (P = 0.05) were significantly higher in DIT and TMT joints with radiographic OA (CPII: 2174.45 ± 1064.01; C2C: 233.52 ± 51.187; CPII/C2C: 9.01 ± 4.09; BAP: 21.98 ± 15.34) compared to controls (CPII: 594.53 ± 463.05; C2C: 153.12 ± 48.95; CPII/C2C: 3.96 ± 2.38; BAP: 12.76 ± 3.61). CPII (P<0.001), C2C (P = 0.001) and CPII/C2C (P = 0.001) were significantly higher with moderate radiographic OA (CPII: 2444.61 ± 772.78; C2C: 248.90 ± 44.94; CPII/C2C: 9.47 ± 2.97) compared to controls (CPII: 658.38 ± 417.36; C2C: 156.49 ± 47.61; CPII/C2C: 4.15 ± 2.04), with CPII also showing significantly higher concentrations (P = 0.04) with mild radiographic OA compared (1515.00 ± 584.95) to controls (658.38 ± 417.36). There were no differences in CS846 concentrations between radiographic OA and control joints. Age positively correlated with CPII (R = 0.48, P = 0.01) and C2C (R = 0.44, P = 0.02) concentrations. MAIN LIMITATIONS Radiographic OA was assessed, not clinical lameness. Controls were not age-matched to those with spontaneous radiographic OA. CONCLUSIONS There is an association between collagen (CPII, C2C and CPII/C2C) and bone (BAP) biomarkers and radiographic OA in the distal tarsal joints of horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- E B Coppelman
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - F H David
- Veterinary Clinical Sciences Department, University of Minnesota, College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - F Tóth
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - N S Ernst
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - T N Trumble
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
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13
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Piluso S, Li Y, Abinzano F, Levato R, Moreira Teixeira L, Karperien M, Leijten J, van Weeren R, Malda J. Mimicking the Articular Joint with In Vitro Models. Trends Biotechnol 2019; 37:1063-1077. [PMID: 31000204 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Treating joint diseases remains a significant clinical challenge. Conventional in vitro cultures and animal models have been helpful, but suffer from limited predictive power for the human response. Advanced models are therefore required to mimic the complex biological interactions within the human joint. However, the intricate structure of the joint microenvironment and the complex nature of joint diseases have challenged the development of in vitro models that can faithfully mimic the in vivo physiological and pathological environments. In this review, we discuss the current in vitro models of the joint and the progress achieved in the development of novel and potentially more predictive models, and highlight the application of new technologies to accurately emulate the articular joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Piluso
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Developmental BioEngineering, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands; Regenerative Medicine Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Regenerative Medicine Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Florencia Abinzano
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Regenerative Medicine Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Riccardo Levato
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Regenerative Medicine Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Liliana Moreira Teixeira
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands; Regenerative Medicine Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Karperien
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Leijten
- Department of Developmental BioEngineering, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - René van Weeren
- Regenerative Medicine Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Malda
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Regenerative Medicine Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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14
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Nelson BB, Kawcak CE, Barrett MF, McIlwraith CW, Grinstaff MW, Goodrich LR. Recent advances in articular cartilage evaluation using computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Equine Vet J 2018; 50:564-579. [DOI: 10.1111/evj.12808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. B. Nelson
- Gail Holmes Equine Orthopaedic Research Center Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - C. E. Kawcak
- Gail Holmes Equine Orthopaedic Research Center Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - M. F. Barrett
- Gail Holmes Equine Orthopaedic Research Center Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - C. W. McIlwraith
- Gail Holmes Equine Orthopaedic Research Center Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - M. W. Grinstaff
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Chemistry and Medicine Boston University Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - L. R. Goodrich
- Gail Holmes Equine Orthopaedic Research Center Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado USA
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15
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Milner PI. Keeping joints healthy: The Goldilocks effect of exercise. Vet J 2017; 226:4-5. [PMID: 28911839 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter I Milner
- University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, Cheshire CH64 9SP, United Kingdom.
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