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de Oliveira LG, Gatto IRH, Mechler-Dreibi ML, Almeida HMS, Sonálio K, Storino GY. Achievements and Challenges of Classical Swine Fever Eradication in Brazil. Viruses 2020; 12:v12111327. [PMID: 33227889 PMCID: PMC7699269 DOI: 10.3390/v12111327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) causes one of the most critical diseases in the porcine industry worldwide. In Brazil, the first description of the infection was reported in 1888, and the national recognition of the first free zone (FZ) occurred in 2001. Brazil has been recently recognized (2015-2016) by the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) with an FZ involving 15 states and the Federal District, corresponding to 95% of the industrial production of pigs in the country, and a non-free zone (NFZ), comprised by the North and Northeast regions of the country, with approximately 18% of the national pig herd and 5% of industrial production. This review aims to describe the history, the control and eradication actions, the recent occurrence of outbreaks in the NFZ, and the results obtained by the surveillance systems' action in the FZ for CSF in Brazil since its creation. In the passive surveillance system, the notification of the suspect cases of classical swine fever (CSF) is mandatory while in the active surveillance system adopted in the FZ consists of serological monitoring of certified swine breeding farms (CSBFs), intensive pig farming (IPF), non-technified pig herds (NTPig), surveillance in slaughterhouses and monitoring the populations of wild pigs. In this region, the last outbreaks of the disease occurred in 1998, while in the NFZ, 28 outbreaks were detected from 2005 to 2017, with an apparent lethality rate of 93.96% (840/894). However, in 2018 and 2019, 68 new outbreaks were registered with an apparent lethality rate of 75.05% (1095/1459). Therefore, in 2019, the Brazil CSF-Free Strategic Plan was created to eradicate the infection from the country's NFZ, since outbreaks in this region present a risk of reintroducing the disease FZ. Finally, differences in characteristics between the regions show factors that still need to be considered for the construction of a robust surveillance system in the NFZ and some improvements in the FZ. Thus, the control of CSF throughout the Brazilian territory requires strict sanitary guidelines, promoting animal health and, consequently, the national production chain's competitiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Guilherme de Oliveira
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castelanne s/n, Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil; (M.L.M.-D.); (H.M.S.A.); (K.S.); (G.Y.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Igor Renan Honorato Gatto
- Ourofino Animal Health Ltda. Rodovia Anhanguera SP 330, Km 298, Distrito Industrial, Cravinhos, São Paulo 14140-000, Brazil;
| | - Marina Lopes Mechler-Dreibi
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castelanne s/n, Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil; (M.L.M.-D.); (H.M.S.A.); (K.S.); (G.Y.S.)
| | - Henrique M. S. Almeida
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castelanne s/n, Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil; (M.L.M.-D.); (H.M.S.A.); (K.S.); (G.Y.S.)
| | - Karina Sonálio
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castelanne s/n, Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil; (M.L.M.-D.); (H.M.S.A.); (K.S.); (G.Y.S.)
| | - Gabriel Yuri Storino
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castelanne s/n, Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil; (M.L.M.-D.); (H.M.S.A.); (K.S.); (G.Y.S.)
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Storino GY, Xavier EB, Mechler-Dreibi ML, Simonatto A, Gatto IRH, Oliveira MEF, Pituco EM, de Oliveira LG. No effects of noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus type 2 on the reproductive tract of experimentally inoculated boars. Vet Microbiol 2019; 240:108512. [PMID: 31902514 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.108512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infections in pigs may result in transient leukopenia, chronic gastroenteritis, septicemia, and hemorrhagic lesions. Both classical swine fever virus (CSF) and the atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) are shed in the semen of infected boars. Because these viruses share conserved regions and present antigenic similarity, they may not be the only species belonging to the genus Pestivirus that can be shed in the semen of infected pigs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the testicular and epididymal changes, seminal parameters, and viral shedding in the reproductive tract of boars experimentally inoculated with noncytopathic BVDV-2. Six males were selected, and samples of blood, semen, and preputial swabs were collected every four days until the 52nd day after inoculation. The samples were tested for the presence of viral RNA by RT-PCR. An aliquot of whole blood was used to perform hematological analyses, which showed a significant reduction in monocyte counts and a significant increase in lymphocyte counts when comparing the pre- and postinoculation periods. The neutralizing antibody titers were determined by the virus neutralization test. None of the animals presented clinical signs or worsening of the seminal parameters that were evaluated. Moreover, BVDV-2 shedding by the reproductive route was not observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Yuri Storino
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences (FCAV). Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Eduarda Bellini Xavier
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences (FCAV). Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Marina Lopes Mechler-Dreibi
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences (FCAV). Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Artur Simonatto
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences (FCAV). Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Igor Renan Honorato Gatto
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences (FCAV). Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Maria Emilia Franco Oliveira
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences (FCAV). Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Edviges Maristela Pituco
- Biological Institute of São Paulo, Av. Conselheiro Rodrigues Alves, 1252 - Vila Mariana, São Paulo, SP, 04014-002, Brazil
| | - Luís Guilherme de Oliveira
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences (FCAV). Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil.
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Baraldi TG, Cruz NRN, Pereira DA, Galdeano JVB, Gatto IRH, Silva AFD, Panzardi A, Linhares DCL, Mathias LA, de Oliveira LG. Antibodies against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and influenza virus and their relationships with risk factors, clinical signs and lung lesions in pig farms with one-site production systems in Brazil. Prev Vet Med 2019; 171:104748. [PMID: 31470290 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2019.104748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A study was conducted on 21 pig herds using one-site production system in the southeast region of Brazil to assess the relationships among serological results for primary pathogens involved in respiratory diseases (Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, App; Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Mhyo; and swine influenza virus, SIV), cough index, pneumonia index, pleuritis and herd characteristics. The prevalence of antibodies against Mhyo and SIV increased throughout the raising phases, with the highest prevalence in slaughtered pigs (> 40%), while pigs in 65% (14/21) of nurseries demonstrated marked seroprevalence of App that decreased until the day of slaughter. Pleuritis and pulmonary consolidations were recorded in 9.0 and 72.4%, respectively, of the 908 evaluated lungs. Histopathological analysis of the lung lesions revealed suppurative bronchopneumonia in almost half of the lungs (48.9%). Regression analyses were conducted to identify risk factors associated with the cough index; pleuritis; pulmonary consolidation; and App, Mhyo and SIV serological results. All-in-all-out management in nursery buildings reduced the seroprevalence of Mhyo in herds. App seroprevalence was associated with pleuritis, and the presence of cough episodes in growing pigs was associated with SIV seropositivity in nursery pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- T G Baraldi
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - N R N Cruz
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - D A Pereira
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J V B Galdeano
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - I R H Gatto
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - D C L Linhares
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States
| | - L A Mathias
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L G de Oliveira
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Zanatto DCS, Gatto IRH, Labruna MB, Jusi MMG, Samara SI, Machado RZ, André MR. Coxiella burnetii associated with BVDV (Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus), BoHV (Bovine Herpesvirus), Leptospira spp., Neospora caninum, Toxoplasma gondii and Trypanosoma vivax in reproductive disorders in cattle. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 28:245-257. [PMID: 31215610 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612019032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This is a cross-sectional study to assess the presence of antibodies in ruminants against selected pathogens associated with reproductive disorders in cattle in four Brazilian states, including the zoonotic agent Coxiella burnetii. The used tests were Virus Neutralization Assay for IBR and BVD, Microscopic Agglutination Test for Leptospira spp., Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test (IFAT) for C. burnetii and Toxoplasma gondii, and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Neospora caninum and Trypanosoma vivax. Seropositivity for C. burnetii was 13.7% with titers from 128 to 131,072; 57.8% for BoHV-1, with titers between 2 and 1,024; 47.1% for BVDV-1a, with titers from 10 to 5,120; 89.2% for N. caninum; 50% for T. vivax; and 52.0% for Leptospira spp., with titers between 100 to 800 (the following serovars were found: Tarassovi, Grippotyphosa, Canicola, Copenhageni, Wolffi, Hardjo, Pomona and Icterohaemorrhagiae); 19.6% for T. gondii with titer of 40. This is the first study that has identified C. burnetii in cattle associated with BoHV and BVDV, N. caninum, Leptospira spp., T. gondii and T. vivax. Thus, future studies should be conducted to investigate how widespread this pathogen is in Brazilian cattle herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Carlos Souza Zanatto
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Microbiologia Agropecuária, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho - UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil.,Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho - UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - Igor Renan Honorato Gatto
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho - UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - Marcelo Bahia Labruna
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Samir Issa Samara
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho - UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - Rosangela Zacarias Machado
- Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho - UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
| | - Marcos Rogério André
- Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho - UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
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Gatto IRH, Sonálio K, de Oliveira LG. Atypical Porcine Pestivirus (APPV) as a New Species of Pestivirus in Pig Production. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:35. [PMID: 30847345 PMCID: PMC6393339 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Pestivirus, which belongs to the family Flaviviridae, includes ssRNA+ viruses responsible for infectious diseases in swine, cattle, sheep, goats, and other domestic and wild animals. Recently, several putative pestiviruses species have been discovered and characterized in mammalian species (giraffe pestivirus, antelope pestivirus, HoBi virus, Bungowannah virus, and Linda virus); one of these is a genetically distinct pestivirus, named atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV), discovered using the next-generation sequencing technology. APPV has been detected in piglets with congenital tremor (CT) from four different continents, including North America, South America, Europe, and Asia. There is strong evidence that experimental inoculation and in field outbreaks involving APPV induce CT in piglets. Additionally, splay leg (SL) syndrome has been observed concurrently with CT, and it was induced by APPV in experimental studies and some field cases. Animals with a persistent and/or chronic infection condition can shed the virus over time. Viral-RNA is frequently detected in different tissues from CT-piglets; however, high loads of APPV are detected most consistently in central nervous tissue. Moreover, the APPV genome has been recently detected in semen and preputial swabs from boar studs, as well as in serum and tissue samples from wild boars and domestic adult pigs, all known to be clinically healthy. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the APPV sequence (complete or partial polyprotein) exhibits high genetic diversity between viral strains detected in different countries and formed independent clusters according to geographic location. Additional studies are needed to evaluate the molecular detection and sero-prevalence of APPV around the world. Lastly, more research is needed to understand clinical presentations associated with APPV infection, as well as the economic losses related to the virus in pig production worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Renan Honorato Gatto
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karina Sonálio
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São Paulo, Brazil
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Gatto IRH, Sonálio K, Amaral RBD, Morés N, Dalla Costa OA, André MR, de Oliveira LG. High frequency and molecular characterization of porcine hemotrophic mycoplasmas in Brazil. Vet Microbiol 2019; 231:33-39. [PMID: 30955820 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mycoplasma suis and Mycoplasma parvum are the two hemotrophic mycoplasmas species described in pigs. M. suis is involved in infectious anemia, while M parvum infection is commonly subclinical. The objectives of this study were twofold: (i) to investigate the prevalence of porcine hemotrophic mycoplasmas in sows from the southern region of Brazil by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and (ii) to genetically characterize a subset of the samples based on the 16S rRNA gene. A total of 429 blood samples were evaluated from 53 different farm sites. Porcine hemoplasmas was detected at all the 53 tested sites and in 79.72% of the samples (342/429). Two sequences were obtained for Mycoplasma spp. The phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene (900 bp) showed that the Mycoplasma sequences were closely related to the M. suis cluster and that one sequence was positioned in the M. parvum cluster. In conclusion, porcine hemoplasmas have a high rate of prevalence in sows from commercial farms in the southern region of Brazil. This study demonstrated the first molecular detection and characterization of partial 16S rRNA gene of M. parvum in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Renan Honorato Gatto
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Karina Sonálio
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Renan Bressianini do Amaral
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Nelson Morés
- Embrapa Swine and Poultry, Animal Health Laboratory, BR 153, Km 110, P.O. Box 21, Distrito de Tamanduá, Concórdia, CEP 89.700-000, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Osmar Antonio Dalla Costa
- Embrapa Swine and Poultry, Animal Health Laboratory, BR 153, Km 110, P.O. Box 21, Distrito de Tamanduá, Concórdia, CEP 89.700-000, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Marcos Rogério André
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Luís Guilherme de Oliveira
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil.
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Dias GB, do Amaral RB, Gatto IRH, Lapera IM, de Oliveira LG, Lux Hoppe EG, Machado RZ, André MR. Molecular detection of Mycoplasma suis in captive white-lipped peccaries (Tayassu pecari) and wild boars (Sus scrofa) in Brazil. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 63:94-96. [PMID: 30961824 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasma suis, the etiological agent of swine hemoplasmosis, is an epicellular bacterium that adheres to the surface of pig erythrocytes leading to deformations of the target cells. Little is known about the occurrence of M. suis in wild swine populations around the world, its economic impact on swine herds, and the risk of human infection. The aim of this study was to investigate, by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) based on the 16S rRNA gene, the occurrence of M. suis in a captive population of white-lipped peccaries (100 Tayassu pecari) and in free-living wild boars (14 Sus scrofa) in Brazil. None of the white-lipped peccaries were positive for M. suis, whereas seven (50%) wild boars were positive in qPCR assays. The quantification of M. suis-16S rRNA copies/μL ranged from 1.42 × 10° to 3.906 × 101 in positive animals, indicating a low bacteremia and a chronic carrier status in free-living wild boars. In conclusion, M. suis might be a non-frequent pathogen in wild suids maintained in captivity. Despite the low bacteremia, the prevalence of M. suis in wild boar population in Brazil seems to be high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Bim Dias
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renan Bressianini do Amaral
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Igor Renan Honorato Gatto
- Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ivan Moura Lapera
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Reproduction, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luís Guilherme de Oliveira
- Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Estevam G Lux Hoppe
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Reproduction, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosangela Zacarias Machado
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos Rogério André
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (FCAV/UNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Silva P, Uscategui RAR, Maronezi MC, Gasser B, Pavan L, Gatto IRH, de Almeida VT, Vicente WRR, Feliciano MAR. Ultrasonography for lymph nodes metastasis identification in bitches with mammary neoplasms. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17708. [PMID: 30532025 PMCID: PMC6286329 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34806-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the diagnostic accuracy of B-mode, Doppler ultrasonography and Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI) elastography in the identification of axillary and inguinal lymph nodes metastasis in bitches with mammary neoplasms. The axillary (n = 96) and inguinal (n = 100) lymph nodes of 100 bitches were evaluated using B-Mode, Colour Doppler and ARFI-elastography. After this evaluation, mastectomy and lymph nodes excision were performed and these structures were histologically classified as free, reactive or metastatic. Ultrasonographic parameters were compared by Chi-Square or ANOVA tests and if they are significant, discriminative power analysis according to histopathological classification was performed (ROC analysis). The ARFI-elastography shear wave velocity (SWV) enabled metastasis identification in inguinal (sensitivity 95% specificity 87%) and axillary lymph nodes (sensitivity 100% specificity 94%). While B-Mode ultrasound Short/Long axis ratio evaluation of inguinal and axillary lymph nodes only resulted in a sensitivity around of 71% and specificity of 55%. In conclusion, B-Mode ultrasonography may contribute to diagnosis of metastasis in axillary and inguinal lymph nodes of bitches affected by mammary neoplasm with limited accuracy, while SWV evaluation proved to be an excellent diagnosis tool, which allows differentiation between free, reactive and tumour metastatic lymph nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Silva
- Department of Clinic and Veterinary Surgery, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Andres Ramirez Uscategui
- Department of Clinic and Veterinary Surgery, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo, Brazil. .,Institute of Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM), Unaí, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Marjury Cristina Maronezi
- Department of Clinic and Veterinary Surgery, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Gasser
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Reproduction, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Letícia Pavan
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Reproduction, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Igor Renan Honorato Gatto
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Reproduction, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vivian Tavares de Almeida
- Department of Clinic and Veterinary Surgery, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wilter Ricardo Russiano Vicente
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Reproduction, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcus Antônio Rossi Feliciano
- Department of Clinic and Veterinary Surgery, São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, Jaboticabal, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Veterinary Radiology, Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia (UFRB), Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil
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Araujo Pereira D, Brigolin Peron J, de Souza Almeida HM, Gasparini Baraldi T, Honorato Gatto IR, Coelho Kasmanas T, Pituco EM, Montassier HJ, de Oliveira LG. Experimental inoculation of gilts with bovine viral diarrhea virus 2 (BVDV-2) does not induce transplacental infection. Vet Microbiol 2018; 225:25-30. [PMID: 30322528 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) belongs to the genus Pestivirus and can cause reproductive problems in cattle. However, there is still a lack of research to clarify its pathogenicity in different gestational periods of sows and its effects in neonates. In this study, 12 gilts divided into groups (G) were experimentally inoculated with the strain BVDV-2 (SV-253) oronasally at a dose of 106·85 TCID50; one group was inoculated 30 days before insemination (G0; n = 2), three groups were inoculated during gestation (first (G1; n = 2), second (G2; n = 3), third (G3; n = 3)), and a fourth was the control group (G4; n = 2). Samples of blood and nasal swabs from the gilts were collected every three days until delivery for a virus neutralization (VN) test, qRT-PCR, and blood count. On the day of delivery, 40% of the neonates were euthanized to obtain tissue and blood samples at necropsy for histopathology and qRT-PCR. The sows were seroconverted between 12 and 33 days after inoculation, and the virus was detected in the blood between 3 and 12 days and on the nasal swab between 6 and 24 days in the G0, G1, G2 and G3 sows but was not detected in piglet tissues, and no significant alterations were found through histopathology. The mean and standard deviation of the mean cycles (Cq) from blood (Cq = 34.87 ± 0.60) and nasal swab (Cq = 34.61 ± 0.87) samples were between 107 and 490 TCID50/ml. Transient infection was demonstrated with a low viral load, but transplacental infection was not possible in gilts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Araujo Pereira
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (Unesp), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Juliana Brigolin Peron
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (Unesp), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Henrique Meiroz de Souza Almeida
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (Unesp), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Thaís Gasparini Baraldi
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (Unesp), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Igor Renan Honorato Gatto
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (Unesp), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Thaiane Coelho Kasmanas
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (Unesp), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Edviges Maristela Pituco
- Biological Institute of São Paulo, Av. Conselheiro Rodrigues Alves, 1252 - Vila Mariana, São Paulo, SP, 04014-002, Brazil
| | - Hélio José Montassier
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (Unesp), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Luís Guilherme de Oliveira
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (Unesp), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil.
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Arruda B, Arruda P, Hensch M, Chen Q, Zheng Y, Yang C, Gatto IRH, Ferreyra FM, Gauger P, Schwartz K, Bradner L, Harmon K, Hause B, Li G. Porcine Astrovirus Type 3 in Central Nervous System of Swine with Polioencephalomyelitis. Emerg Infect Dis 2018; 23:2097-2100. [PMID: 29148383 PMCID: PMC5708247 DOI: 10.3201/eid2312.170703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Using next-generation sequencing, we identified and genetically characterized a
porcine astrovirus type 3 strain found in tissues from the central nervous
system of 1 piglet and 3 sows with neurologic signs and nonsuppurative
polioencephalomyelitis. Further studies are needed to understand the potential
for cross-species transmission and clinical impact.
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11
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Gatto IRH, Harmon K, Bradner L, Silva P, Linhares DCL, Arruda PH, de Oliveira LG, Arruda BL. Detection of atypical porcine pestivirus in Brazil in the central nervous system of suckling piglets with congenital tremor. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 65:375-380. [PMID: 29393592 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) has been detected in piglets with congenital tremor (CT) from three different continents including North America, Europe and Asia. Thirteen piglets from four farms in two different states in Brazil with CT were sampled. Viral RNA was detected by quantitative real-time PCR in the cerebellum or cerebellum and spinal cord in the 100% of the piglets with CT, and APPV was not detected in any tissue sample from clinically non-affected piglets with the exception of the cerebellum of one piglet from Farm A. Piglets with CT had an odds ratio of 99.0 (95% CI 3.4, 2823.8; p = .0072) compared to piglets without CT to test positive for APPV by qRT-PCR. A subset of positive samples was selected for sequencing of the NS3 gene. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Brazilian sequences of the NS3 formed an independent cluster and had the highest sequence identity with a sequence from the United States. This is the first identification of APPV infection in piglets with CT in South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- I R H Gatto
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Reproduction, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - K Harmon
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - L Bradner
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - P Silva
- Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - D C L Linhares
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - P H Arruda
- Veterinary Resources, Inc., Ames, IA, USA
| | - L G de Oliveira
- Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - B L Arruda
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
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Almeida HMDS, Gatto IRH, Santos ACRD, Pereira DA, Nascimento KA, Baraldi TG, Mechler ML, Oliveira LGD. Bovine viral diarrhea virus infections in pigs: why is this situation important for Brazilian herds? Arq Inst Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1808-1657000322016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Swine can be infected by the bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) under natural conditions. For this reason, further information and divulgation are needed regarding the pathogenicity of this virus in swine. This infection is practically unknown in the realm of pig farming, and, as it shares some similarities with the classical swine fever virus (CSFV), its diagnosis becomes a challenge for official sanitary programs. Studies have shown the absence of clinical signs in piglets and reproductive problems in sows due to BVDV infections. There is little research on the prevalence, risk factors, preventive measures and control of BVDV in pigs around the world. And in Brazil, the data is practically non-existent. At the time of diagnosis, comparing the most efficient laboratory tests such as virus neutralization, ELISA, RT-PCR, and immunofluorescence so as to minimize the risk of cross serological reactions when dealing with a persistent or transient infection, can be an important tool. Moreover, the practical implications for CSFV eradication programs are a main reason for the development of further research against this infection. Therefore, this paper aims to review various aspects of BVDV infection in pigs, and how this information can be important for Brazilian herds.
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Gatto IRH, Linhares DCL, de Souza Almeida HM, Mathias LA, de Medeiros ASR, Poljak Z, Samara SI, de Oliveira LG. Description of risk factors associated with the detection of BVDV antibodies in Brazilian pig herds. Trop Anim Health Prod 2017; 50:773-778. [PMID: 29264821 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-017-1493-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infects ruminants as primary hosts. However, other animals like pigs are susceptible. This study was conducted to investigate seroprevalence and risk factors associated with the detection of BVDV antibodies in pig herds. A total of 1.705 serum samples of 33 finisher herds, from seven Brazilian states, were collected in slaughterhouses. The samples were tested by virus neutralization (VN) test. In total, 5.35% (91/1.705) were positive and 64% (21/33) of the herds had positive animals. A significant association with "trucks are not cleaned and disinfected" and "visitors do not respect 72-h interval between visits to farms" (P < 0.05) was found in association with detection of BVDV-2 antibodies. This study suggests that important biosecurity gaps are present in Brazilian pig farms, as the presence of BVDV antibodies in pigs suggests (direct or indirect) contact with population(s) of ruminant species. Closing biosecurity gaps prevents spread of BVDV and other pathogens such as foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) between pig and ruminant farms. This data should be taken in account by CSF surveillance programs, once cross-reaction in serologic tests between classical swine fever virus (CSFV) and BVDV antibodies has been shown to occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Renan Honorato Gatto
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Daniel Correia Lima Linhares
- Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine Department, 2203 Lloyd Veterinary Medical Center, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Henrique Meiroz de Souza Almeida
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Luis Antônio Mathias
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Andrea Souza Ramos de Medeiros
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil
| | | | - Samir Issa Samara
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Luis Guilherme de Oliveira
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, 14884-900, Brazil.
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Gatto IRH, Cotrin JAB, Almeida HMDS, Mechler ML, Oliveira LGD. Sectional study of the occurrence of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus in pig farms in São Paulo State. Revista Brasileira de Higiene e Sanidade Animal 2017. [DOI: 10.5935/1981-2965.20170036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Rodrigues ARA, Oliveira LGD, Gatto IRH, Almeida HMDS, Rossi GAM, Mechler ML, Samara SI. ERADICATION PROGRAM OF FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE IN THE STATE OF SÃO PAULO: EVALUATION OF OFFICIAL DATA OBTAINED BETWEEN 1997-2012. Ciênc anim bras 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1089-6891v18e-40675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Foot and mouth disease (FMD), a highly contagious disease that affects cloven-hoofed animals, is known by the economic losses it causes in farms and in regions where it is endemic. The State of São Paulo has not recorded FMD outbreaks since 1996. Based on official data from 1997 to 2012, this study organized, analyzed, and confronted the following information with the current literature: a) the FMD vaccination rates from 1997 to 2012 in São Paulo; b) the results of the official monitoring designed to demonstrate the effectiveness of vaccination against FMD; c) the passive surveillance procedures and compliance with reports of suspected vesicular disease in the State of São Paulo; d) the results of the official monitoring designed to demonstrate the absence of viral circulation in the State of São Paulo; e) the relation between the preventive measures adopted by the veterinarian official service with the challenge of FMD outbreaks in other neighboring states. Finally, the description of the free area without vaccination implementation prospects for the State of São Paulo, classification granted by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE). The data analysis showed that sanitary measures, strategies, and the methodology to assess the efficacy of the FMD eradication program in the State of São Paulo were efficient. Even though the data suggest that the state is able to upgrade to a FMD free area without vaccination, some aspects should be taken into account, such as the structure of the state's Official Veterinary Service, disease control programs in states epidemiologically related with São Paulo and the commitment of the whole supply chain with surveillance and eradication of FMD.
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Almeida HMDS, Storino GY, Pereira DA, Gatto IRH, Mathias LA, Montassier HJ, de Oliveira LG. A cross-sectional study of swine influenza in intensive and extensive farms in the northeastern region of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Trop Anim Health Prod 2016; 49:25-30. [PMID: 27637594 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-016-1153-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Swine influenza (SI) is a seasonal infectious disease highly important to the world pig industry. Loss of daily weight gain, increased costs for the prevention and treatment of secondary infections are the main economic losses associated with the presence of this disease. However, some epidemiological features of SI remain quite unclear. This study focused on assessing the prevalence of swine influenza virus (SIV) infection in intensive and extensive pig herds and associating risk factors. A set of 601 blood samples of five intensive farrow-to-finish farms and 361 blood samples from 56 extensive farms were analyzed using an indirect ELISA kit CIVTEST SUIS INFLUENZA®, Hipra (Amer, Spain), in order to detect anti-SIV antibodies. In total, 24.13 % of samples from intensive herds were positive, while no positive samples were detected in extensive rearing herds. Sow and weaning piglets had the highest prevalence values. In the intensive rearing system, occurrence of reproductive disorders and exposure to recently introduced animals were positively associated with the disease occurrence in swine herds. The findings highlight the importance of sows in the epidemiology of the disease and bring information about risk factors involved in the occurrence of swine influenza in intensive herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Meiroz de Souza Almeida
- Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Via de Acesso prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Yuri Storino
- Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Via de Acesso prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniele Araújo Pereira
- Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Via de Acesso prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Igor Renan Honorato Gatto
- Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Via de Acesso prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis Antonio Mathias
- Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Via de Acesso prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hélio José Montassier
- Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Via de Acesso prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luís Guilherme de Oliveira
- Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Via de Acesso prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Pansani AM, Gatto IRH, Frias DFR, Kozusny-Andreani DI. PREVALÊNCIA E RESISTÊNCIA A ANTIBIÓTICOS DE (Streptococcus equi) DA CAVIDADE NASAL DE EQUINOS HÍGIDOS NO MUNICÍPIO DE FERNANDOPÓLIS, SÃO PAULO, BRASIL. Acta Vet Bras 2016. [DOI: 10.21708/avb.2016.10.2.5542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A adenite equina, popularmente chamada de garrotilho, é uma enfermidade contagiosa, causada pela bactéria Streptococcus equi. A enfermidade é conhecida por ter alta morbidade e baixa letalidade e seus prejuízos econômicos devem-se à perda de performance e alto custo do tratamento. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a presença e o perfil de resistência a antibióticos de Streptococcus equi da cavidade nasal de equinos hígidos da região de Fernandópolis – SP. Foram utilizados 50 equinos hígidos sem raça definida e com idade entre 12 a 24 meses. De cada animal foram colhidas amostras de exsudato da cavidade nasal por meio de swabs esterilizados e em seguida colocados em tubos contendo ágar base acrescido com 5% de sangue ovino desfibrinado. Os isolados que apresentaram colônias mucosas e β-hemolíticas foram analisados pela coloração de Gram, submetidos ao teste da catalase, e identificados pelo sistema API Rapid ID 32 Strep. Todos os isolados foram avaliados em difusão em placa. Foram isolados sessenta e sete amostras de Streptococcus equi, das subespécies equi e zooepidemicus. Verificou-se prevalência maior de S. equi subesp zooepidemicus (p < 0,001). A maioria dos isolados de S. equi subespécies equi foram mutirresistentes, havendo diferenças significativas entre os diferentes antibióticos (p < 0,005), enquanto que foi verificada maior susceptibilidade nos isolados S. equi subespécies zooepidemicus (p < 0,05). Os resultados obtidos mostraram que ambas as subespécies de Streptococcus equi fazem parte da microbiota normal da cavidade nasal de equinos, e que as mesmas diferem quanto a susceptibilidade aos antibióticos.
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Oliveira LGD, Oliveira MEF, Alexandrino B, Gatto IRH, Almeida HMDS, Samara SI. DESCRIÇÃO DAS AÇÕES DE VIGILÂNCIA EM FOCOS DA DOENÇA DE AUJESZKY. Ciênc anim bras 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1089-6891v16i328122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
<title>Resumo</title><p>A doença de Aujeszky (DA) é conhecida na suinocultura pelo seu grande impacto produtivo e econômico. Este trabalho teve como objetivo a descrição das ações de defesa sanitária animal utilizadas na identificação de focos dessa enfermidade. Foram selecionadas duas situações de foco de DA que ocorreram no Município de Cerqueira César, um caso apresentando somente animais sororreagentes (Foco 1) e outro em que havia animais com sinais clínicos da enfermidade (Foco 2). Estão descritos os métodos de identificação de focos utilizados nas ações de vigilância e o diagnóstico da situação epidemiológica encontrada. As medidas aplicadas na erradicação dos focos nos sistemas de produção de suínos infectados foram as prescritas na legislação de defesa sanitária animal e todos os focos identificados foram eliminados. Ao final, concluiu-se que as ações de defesa sanitária e a legislação em vigor foram eficazes, demonstrando que os sistemas de notificações das suspeitas da enfermidade são facilitadores das ações de vigilância.</p>
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