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Zaky ZA, Al-Dossari M, Hendy AS, Badawy WM, Aly AH. Periodic open and closed resonators as a biosensor using two computational methods. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11943. [PMID: 38789449 PMCID: PMC11126621 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61987-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The volatile particles and molecules in our dry exhaled breath can reveal enormous information about the health of any person, such as the person's respiratory and metabolic functioning. Beyond the carbon dioxide level is an indicator of life, it provides important health-related data like people's metabolic rate. This study considers periodic open and closed resonators for measuring carbon dioxide concentration in dry exhaled breath. Transfer matrix and green methods are used to simulate the interaction between acoustic waves and the proposed sensor. The band gaps using the green method coincide with the transmittance spectra by the transfer matrix. The suggested sensor recorded a sensitivity of 5.3 H z . m - 1 . s , a figure of merit of 10,254m - 1 . s , a detection limit of 5 × 10 - 6 m . s - 1 , and a quality factor of 3 × 10 6 . Furthermore, the efficiency shows that the proposed design is appropriate as a diagnostic sensor for different diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary. Besides, cylindrical-adapted sensors are urgently needed in medicine, industry, and biology because they can simultaneously be used for fluid transport and detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaky A Zaky
- TH-PPM Group, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62521, Egypt.
| | - M Al-Dossari
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, 62529, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed S Hendy
- Department of Computational Mathematics and Computer Science, Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira St., Yekaterinburg, Russia, 620002
| | - Wael M Badawy
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russian Federation, 141980
- Radiation Protection and Civil Defense Department, Nuclear Research Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, 13759, Egypt
| | - Arafa H Aly
- TH-PPM Group, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62521, Egypt
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Zaky ZA, Al-Dossari M, Sharma A, Hendy AS, Aly AH. Theoretical optimisation of a novel gas sensor using periodically closed resonators. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2462. [PMID: 38291144 PMCID: PMC10828414 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52851-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigates using the phononic crystal with periodically closed resonators as a greenhouse gas sensor. The transfer matrix and green methods are used to investigate the dispersion relation theoretically and numerically. A linear acoustic design is proposed, and the waveguides are filled with gas samples. At the center of the structure, a defect resonator is used to excite an acoustic resonant peak inside the phononic bandgap. The localized acoustic peak is shifted to higher frequencies by increasing the acoustic speed and decreasing the density of gas samples. The sensitivity, transmittance of the resonant peak, bandwidth, and figure of merit are calculated at different geometrical conditions to select the optimum dimensions. The proposed closed resonator gas sensor records a sensitivity of 4.1 Hz m-1 s, a figure of merit of 332 m-1 s, a quality factor of 113,962, and a detection limit of 0.0003 m s-1. As a result of its high performance and simplicity, the proposed design can significantly contribute to gas sensors and bio-sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaky A Zaky
- TH-PPM Group, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62521, Egypt.
| | - M Al-Dossari
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, 62529, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arvind Sharma
- Department of Physics, Government Lohia College, Churu, Rajasthan, 331001, India
| | - Ahmed S Hendy
- Department of Computational Mathematics and Computer Science, Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira St., Yekaterinburg, 620002, Russia
| | - Arafa H Aly
- TH-PPM Group, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62521, Egypt
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Forzani L, Mendez CG, Urteaga R, Huespe AE. Porous silicon opto-acoustic detector for ternary gas mixture. ULTRASONICS 2023; 135:107114. [PMID: 37517345 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2023.107114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
The use of porous phoxonic crystals with coupled optical and acoustic response has been proposed as a sensing device. Due to the porous nature of the crystal, each layer of the structure can be connected to the environment. As the optical and acoustic performances of the phoxonic crystal change when a gas permeates the pores due to modifications of the effective refractive index and density of the system, it results that these structures are suitable platforms for the detection of gases. The sensor designed following these premises can detect the composition of ternary gas mixtures through optical measurements, while an acoustic wave induces a structural oscillation. The amplified acoustic wave produces a mechanical deformation of the crystal layers that is maximized in the center a resonant microcavity. Therefore, under such experimental conditions, the sensitivity of the optical response is not only due to the optical property changes caused by the gas mixture in contact with the porous structure but also to changes in the mechanical deformations due to modifications of the acoustic properties. In this work, we discuss the device theoretical behavior as a multiparameter sensor that distinguishes the components and concentrations of a ternary gas mixture through the transfer matrix method. For a prototype combination of CO2-Air-CH4 mixture, the estimated resolution of the proposed device fabricated in porous silicon can be has high as 0.05% (500 ppm) in the concentration of each individual species.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Forzani
- CIMEC-UNL-CONICET, Predio Conicet Dr Alberto Cassano, Santa Fe, CP, 3000, Argentina; FADU-UNL, Ciudad Universitaria UNL, Santa Fe, CP, 3000, Argentina; CSIC-ICMM, C. Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, Madrid, CP, 28049, Spain.
| | - C G Mendez
- CIMEC-UNL-CONICET, Predio Conicet Dr Alberto Cassano, Santa Fe, CP, 3000, Argentina; FIQ-UNL, Santiago del Estero 2800, Santa Fe, CP, 3000, Argentina
| | - R Urteaga
- IFIS, UNL-CONICET, Güemes 3450, Santa Fe, CP, 3000, Argentina; FIQ-UNL, Santiago del Estero 2800, Santa Fe, CP, 3000, Argentina
| | - A E Huespe
- CIMEC-UNL-CONICET, Predio Conicet Dr Alberto Cassano, Santa Fe, CP, 3000, Argentina; FIQ-UNL, Santiago del Estero 2800, Santa Fe, CP, 3000, Argentina
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Aslam MZ, Zhang H, Good M, Guo Y, Larche M. A multimodal lithium niobate-based SAW gas sensor for accurate detection of carbon dioxide at elevated temperature. ULTRASONICS 2023; 138:107198. [PMID: 38011814 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2023.107198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) detection is crucial for safety control, monitoring of the environment, and other industrial applications. The diverse fields of applications make the detection of CO2 a challenging task. In this paper, a study on a multimodal surface acoustic wave (SAW) CO2 sensing system was conducted to scrutinize the sensitivity of the lithium niobate-based multimodal SAW sensor towards CO2 with temperature compensation. The study focused on developing and evaluating a SAW temperature-compensated gas sensor using time-of-flight measurements. The sensor exhibited good repeatability and sensitivity toward different concentrations of CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of North Texas, USA.
| | - Morris Good
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), USA
| | - Yanming Guo
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), USA
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Almawgani AHM, Fathy HM, Elsayed HA, Abdelrahman Ali YA, Mehaney A. A promising ultra-sensitive CO 2 sensor at varying concentrations and temperatures based on Fano resonance phenomenon in different 1D phononic crystal designs. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15028. [PMID: 37700005 PMCID: PMC10497549 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41999-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Detecting of the levels of greenhouse gases in the air with high precision and low cost is a very urgent demand for environmental protection. Phononic crystals (PnCs) represent a novel sensor technology, particularly for high-performance sensing applications. This study has been conducted by using two PnC designs (periodic and quasi-periodic) to detect the CO2 pollution in the surrounding air through a wide range of concentrations (0-100%) and temperatures (0-180 °C). The detection process is physically dependent on the displacement of Fano resonance modes. The performance of the sensor is demonstrated for the periodic and Fibonacci quasi-periodic (S3 and S4 sequences) structures. In this regard, the numerical findings revealed that the periodic PnC provides a better performance than the quasi-periodic one with a sensitivity of 31.5 MHz, the quality factor (Q), along with a figure of merit (FOM) of 280 and 95, respectively. In addition, the temperature effects on the Fano resonance mode position were examined. The results showed a pronounced temperature sensitivity with a value of 13.4 MHz/°C through a temperature range of 0-60 °C. The transfer matrix approach has been utilized for modeling the acoustic wave propagation through each PnC design. Accordingly, the proposed sensor has the potential to be implemented in many industrial and biomedical applications as it can be used as a monitor for other greenhouse gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulkarem H M Almawgani
- Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hamza Makhlouf Fathy
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62512, Egypt
| | - Hussein A Elsayed
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62512, Egypt
| | - Yahya Ali Abdelrahman Ali
- Information Systems Department, College of Computer Sciences and Information Systems, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Mehaney
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62512, Egypt.
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Simulation study of gas sensor using periodic phononic crystal tubes to detect hazardous greenhouse gases. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21553. [PMID: 36513778 PMCID: PMC9747703 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26079-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we investigate a gas sensor model based on phononic crystals of alternating tubes using the transfer matrix method to detect hazardous greenhouse gases. The effect of the thicknesses and cross-sections of all tubes on the performance of the proposed sensor is studied. The results show that longitudinal acoustic speed is a pivotal parameter rather than the mass density variations of the gas samples on the position of the resonant peaks due to its significant impact on the propagation of the acoustic wave. The suggested sensor can be considered very simple and low-cost because it does not need a complicated process to deposit multilayers of different mechanical properties' materials.
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