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Dash N, Tamadapu G. Nonspherical oscillations of an encapsulated microbubble with interface energy under the acoustic field. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2024; 155:2445-2459. [PMID: 38573054 DOI: 10.1121/10.0025390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Spherical instability in acoustically driven encapsulated microbubbles (EBs) suspended in a fluid can trigger nonspherical oscillations within them. We apply the interface energy model [N. Dash and G. Tamadapu, J. Fluid Mech. 932, A26 (2022b)] to investigate nonspherical oscillations of smaller radius microbubbles encapsulated with a viscoelastic shell membrane under acoustic field. Using the Lagrangian energy formulation, coupled governing equations for spherical and nonspherical modes are derived, incorporating interface energy effects, shell elasticity, and viscosity. Numerical simulations of governing equations revealed that the parametrically forced even mode excites even modes, while the odd modes excite both even and odd modes. The model demonstrates that finite amplitude nonspherical oscillations are identifiable in smaller radius EBs only when the interface parameters are introduced into the model; otherwise, they are not. Realizing that nonlinear mode coupling is responsible for saturation of instability resulting in stable nonspherical oscillations, we perform a steady-state and stability analysis using the slow-time equations obtained from Krylov-Bogoliubov perturbation method. Analytical expressions for modal amplitudes and stability thresholds are derived in terms of interface and material parameters. The stability curves are invaluable in determining the precise range of excitation pressure and frequency values required for the EB to exhibit finite amplitude nonspherical oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehal Dash
- Department of Applied Mechanics and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Ganesh Tamadapu
- Department of Applied Mechanics and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
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2
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Thomas A, Shieh B, Bau L, Lee R, Handa A, Stride E. Thrombin‐loaded Magnetic Microbubbles for the Treatment of Pseudoaneurysms. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202200115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alec Thomas
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering Department of Engineering Sciences Old Road Campus Research Building University of Oxford Headington Oxford OX3 7DQ UK
| | - Bernard Shieh
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering Department of Engineering Sciences Old Road Campus Research Building University of Oxford Headington Oxford OX3 7DQ UK
| | - Luca Bau
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering Department of Engineering Sciences Old Road Campus Research Building University of Oxford Headington Oxford OX3 7DQ UK
| | - Regent Lee
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences Room 6607 Level 6 John Radcliffe Hospital University of Oxford Oxford OX3 9DU UK
| | - Ashok Handa
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences Room 6607 Level 6 John Radcliffe Hospital University of Oxford Oxford OX3 9DU UK
| | - Eleanor Stride
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering Department of Engineering Sciences Old Road Campus Research Building University of Oxford Headington Oxford OX3 7DQ UK
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Sjöstrand S, Bacou M, Kaczmarek K, Evertsson M, Svensson IK, Thomson AJW, Farrington SM, Moug SJ, Jansson T, Moran CM, Mulvana H. Modelling of magnetic microbubbles to evaluate contrast enhanced magnetomotive ultrasound in lymph nodes - a pre-clinical study. Br J Radiol 2022; 95:20211128. [PMID: 35522781 PMCID: PMC10996324 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20211128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite advances in MRI the detection and characterisation of lymph nodes in rectal cancer remains complex, especially when assessing the response to neoadjuvant treatment. An alternative approach is functional imaging, previously shown to aid characterisation of cancer tissues. We report proof of concept of the novel technique Contrast-Enhanced Magneto-Motive Ultrasound (CE-MMUS) to recover information relating to local perfusion and lymphatic drainage, and interrogate tissue mechanical properties through magnetically induced deformations. METHODS The feasibility of the proposed application was explored using a combination of experimental animal and phantom ultrasound imaging, along with finite element analysis. First, contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging on one wild type mouse recorded lymphatic drainage of magnetic microbubbles after bolus injection. Second, tissue phantoms were imaged using MMUS to illustrate the force- and elasticity dependence of the magnetomotion. Third, the magnetomechanical interactions of a magnetic microbubble with an elastic solid were simulated using finite element software. RESULTS Accumulation of magnetic microbubbles in the inguinal lymph node was verified using contrast enhanced ultrasound, with peak enhancement occurring 3.7 s post-injection. The magnetic microbubble gave rise to displacements depending on force, elasticity, and bubble radius, indicating an inverse relation between displacement and the latter two. CONCLUSION Combining magnetic microbubbles with MMUS could harness the advantages of both techniques, to provide perfusion information, robust lymph node delineation and characterisation based on mechanical properties. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE (a) Lymphatic drainage of magnetic microbubbles visualised using contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging and (b) magnetomechanical interactions between such bubbles and surrounding tissue could both contribute to (c) robust detection and characterisation of lymph nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Sjöstrand
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,
Lund University, Lund,
Sweden
| | - Marion Bacou
- Colorectal Cancer Genetics Group, Cancer Research UK Edinburgh
Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of
Edinburgh, Edinburgh,
United Kingdom
| | - Katarzyna Kaczmarek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,
University of Strathclyde, Glasgow,
United Kingdom
| | - Maria Evertsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund
University, Lund,
Sweden
| | - Ingrid K Svensson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,
Lund University, Lund,
Sweden
| | - Adrian JW Thomson
- Edinburgh Preclinical Imaging, Centre for Cardiovascular
Science, University of Edinburgh,
Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Susan M Farrington
- Colorectal Cancer Genetics Group, Cancer Research UK Edinburgh
Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of
Edinburgh, Edinburgh,
United Kingdom
| | - Susan J Moug
- Consultant General and Colorectal Surgeon, Royal Alexandra
Hospital, Paisley and Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Honorary
Professor, University of Glasgow,
Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Tomas Jansson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund
University, Lund, Sweden and Clinical
Engineering Skåne, Digitalisering IT/MT, Skåne Regional
Council, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Helen Mulvana
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,
University of Strathclyde, Glasgow,
United Kingdom
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4
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Shamloo A, Ebrahimi S, Ghorbani G, Alishiri M. Targeted drug delivery of magnetic microbubble for abdominal aortic aneurysm: an in silico study. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2022; 21:735-753. [PMID: 35079930 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-022-01559-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Targeted drug delivery (TDD) to abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) using a controlled and efficient approach has recently been a significant challenge. In this study, by using magnetic microbubbles (MMBs) under a magnetic field, we investigated the MMBs performance in TDD to AAA based on the amount of surface density of MMBs (SDMM) adhered to the AAA lumen. The results showed that among the types of MMBs studied in the presence of the magnetic field, micromarkers are the best type of microbubble with a -[Formula: see text] increase in SDMM adhered to the critical area of AAA. The results show that applying a magnetic field causes the amount of SDMM adhered to the whole area of AAA to increase -[Formula: see text] times compared to the condition in which the magnetic field is absent. This optimal and maximum value occurs for Definity MMBs with - 3.3 μm diameter. Applying a magnetic field also increases the adhesion surface density by - [Formula: see text], - [Formula: see text], and -[Formula: see text] times for the Micromarker, Optison, and Sonovue microbubbles, respectively, relative to the condition in which the magnetic field is absent. It was shown that using MBBs under magnetic field has the best performance in delivery to AAA for patients with negative inlet blood flow. Also, we have exposed that in an efficient TDD to AAA using MMBs, decreasing the density of MMBs increases drug delivery efficiency and performance. When density is - [Formula: see text], there is the highest difference (about - 75%) between the SDMM adhered to AAA in the presence of a magnetic field and in the absence of a magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Shamloo
- Nano-Bioengineering Lab, School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology , Azadi Ave., Tehran, Iran. .,Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sina Ebrahimi
- Nano-Bioengineering Lab, School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology , Azadi Ave., Tehran, Iran.,Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghazal Ghorbani
- Nano-Bioengineering Lab, School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology , Azadi Ave., Tehran, Iran.,Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojgan Alishiri
- Nano-Bioengineering Lab, School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology , Azadi Ave., Tehran, Iran.,Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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5
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Mashel TV, Tarakanchikova YV, Muslimov AR, Zyuzin MV, Timin AS, Lepik KV, Fehse B. Overcoming the delivery problem for therapeutic genome editing: Current status and perspective of non-viral methods. Biomaterials 2020; 258:120282. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Versluis M, Stride E, Lajoinie G, Dollet B, Segers T. Ultrasound Contrast Agent Modeling: A Review. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2020; 46:2117-2144. [PMID: 32546411 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2020.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound is extensively used in medical imaging, being safe and inexpensive and operating in real time. Its scope of applications has been widely broadened by the use of ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) in the form of microscopic bubbles coated by a biocompatible shell. Their increased use has motivated a large amount of research to understand and characterize their physical properties as well as their interaction with the ultrasound field and their surrounding environment. Here we review the theoretical models that have been proposed to study and predict the behavior of UCAs. We begin with a brief introduction on the development of UCAs. We then present the basics of free-gas-bubble dynamics upon which UCA modeling is based. We review extensively the linear and non-linear models for shell elasticity and viscosity and present models for non-spherical and asymmetric bubble oscillations, especially in the presence of surrounding walls or tissue. Then, higher-order effects such as microstreaming, shedding and acoustic radiation forces are considered. We conclude this review with promising directions for the modeling and development of novel agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Versluis
- Physics of Fluids Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Technical Medical (TechMed) Center, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands.
| | - Eleanor Stride
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Guillaume Lajoinie
- Physics of Fluids Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Technical Medical (TechMed) Center, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Benjamin Dollet
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique (LIPhy), Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Tim Segers
- Physics of Fluids Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Technical Medical (TechMed) Center, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
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7
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Stride E, Segers T, Lajoinie G, Cherkaoui S, Bettinger T, Versluis M, Borden M. Microbubble Agents: New Directions. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2020; 46:1326-1343. [PMID: 32169397 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2020.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Microbubble ultrasound contrast agents have now been in use for several decades and their safety and efficacy in a wide range of diagnostic applications have been well established. Recent progress in imaging technology is facilitating exciting developments in techniques such as molecular, 3-D and super resolution imaging and new agents are now being developed to meet their specific requirements. In parallel, there have been significant advances in the therapeutic applications of microbubbles, with recent clinical trials demonstrating drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier and into solid tumours. New agents are similarly being tailored toward these applications, including nanoscale microbubble precursors offering superior circulation times and tissue penetration. The development of novel agents does, however, present several challenges, particularly regarding the regulatory framework. This article reviews the developments in agents for diagnostic, therapeutic and "theranostic" applications; novel manufacturing techniques; and the opportunities and challenges for their commercial and clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Stride
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Tim Segers
- Physics of Fluids Group, Technical Medical (TechMed) Centre, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, The Netherlands
| | - Guillaume Lajoinie
- Physics of Fluids Group, Technical Medical (TechMed) Centre, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, The Netherlands
| | - Samir Cherkaoui
- Bracco Suisse SA - Business Unit Imaging, Global R&D, Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Bettinger
- Bracco Suisse SA - Business Unit Imaging, Global R&D, Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland
| | - Michel Versluis
- Physics of Fluids Group, Technical Medical (TechMed) Centre, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Borden
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
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8
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Owen J, Thomas E, Menon J, Gray M, Skaripa-Koukelli I, Gill MR, Wallington S, Miller RL, Vallis KA, Carlisle R. Indium-111 labelling of liposomal HEGF for radionuclide delivery via ultrasound-induced cavitation. J Control Release 2020; 319:222-233. [PMID: 31891732 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this exploratory study was to investigate the combination of a radiopharmaceutical, nanoparticles and ultrasound (US) enhanced delivery to develop a clinically viable therapeutic strategy for tumours overexpressing the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Molecularly targeted radionuclides have great potential for cancer therapy but are sometimes associated with insufficient delivery resulting in sub-cytotoxic amounts of radioactivity being delivered to the tumour. Liposome formulations are currently used in the clinic to reduce the side effects and improve the pharmacokinetic profile of chemotherapeutic drugs. However, in contrast to non-radioactive agents, loading and release of radiotherapeutics from liposomes can be challenging in the clinical setting. US-activated cavitation agents such as microbubbles (MBs) have been used to release therapeutics from liposomes to enhance the distribution/delivery in a target area. In an effort to harness the benefits of these techniques, the development of a liposome loaded radiopharmaceutical construct for enhanced delivery via acoustic cavitation was studied. The liposomal formulation was loaded with peptide, human epidermal growth factor (HEGF), coupled to a chelator for subsequent radiolabelling with 111Indium ([111In]In3+), in a manner designed to be compatible with preparation in a radiopharmacy. Liposomes were efficiently radiolabelled (57%) within 1 h, with release of ~12% of the radiopeptide following a 20 s exposure to US-mediated cavitation in vitro. In clonogenic studies this level of release resulted in cytotoxicity specifically in cells over-expressing the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), with over 99% reduction in colony survival compared to controls. The formulation extended the circulation time and changed the biodistribution compared to the non-liposomal radiopeptide in vivo, although interestingly the biodistribution did not resemble that of liposome constructs currently used in the clinic. Cavitation of MBs co-injected with liposomes into tumours expressing high levels of EGFR resulted in a 2-fold enhancement in tumour uptake within 20 min. However, owing to the poor vascularisation of the tumour model used the same level of uptake was achieved without US after 24 h. By combining acoustic-cavitation-sensitive liposomes with radiopharmaceuticals this research represents a new concept in achieving targeted delivery of radiopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Owen
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.
| | - Eloise Thomas
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Jyothi Menon
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK; College of Pharmacy, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Michael Gray
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Irini Skaripa-Koukelli
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Martin R Gill
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Sheena Wallington
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Rebecca L Miller
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Katherine A Vallis
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Robert Carlisle
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
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Magnetic microbubble mediated chemo-sonodynamic therapy using a combined magnetic-acoustic device. J Control Release 2019; 317:23-33. [PMID: 31733295 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent pre-clinical studies have demonstrated the potential of combining chemotherapy and sonodynamic therapy for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Oxygen-loaded magnetic microbubbles have been explored as a targeted delivery vehicle for this application. Despite preliminary positive results, a previous study identified a significant practical challenge regarding the co-alignment of the magnetic and ultrasound fields. The aim of this study was to determine whether this challenge could be addressed through the use of a magnetic-acoustic device (MAD) combining a magnetic array and ultrasound transducer in a single unit, to simultaneously concentrate and activate the microbubbles at the target site. in vitro experiments were performed in tissue phantoms and followed by in vivo treatment of xenograft pancreatic cancer (BxPC-3) tumours in a murine model. In vitro, a 1.4-fold (p < .01) increase in the deposition of a model therapeutic payload within the phantom was achieved using the MAD compared to separate magnetic and ultrasound devices. In vivo, tumours treated with the MAD had a 9% smaller mean volume 8 days after treatment, while tumours treated with separate devices or microbubbles alone were respectively 45% and 112% larger. This substantial and sustained decrease in tumour volume suggests that the proposed drug delivery approach has the potential to be an effective neoadjuvant therapy for pancreatic cancer patients.
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10
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Meng L, Liu X, Wang Y, Zhang W, Zhou W, Cai F, Li F, Wu J, Xu L, Niu L, Zheng H. Sonoporation of Cells by a Parallel Stable Cavitation Microbubble Array. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1900557. [PMID: 31508275 PMCID: PMC6724477 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201900557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Sonoporation is a targeted drug delivery technique that employs cavitation microbubbles to generate transient pores in the cell membrane, allowing foreign substances to enter cells by passing through the pores. Due to the broad size distribution of microbubbles, cavitation events appear to be a random process, making it difficult to achieve controllable and efficient sonoporation. In this work a technique is reported using a microfluidic device that enables in parallel modulation of membrane permeability by an oscillating microbubble array. Multirectangular channels of uniform size are created at the sidewall to generate an array of monodispersed microbubbles, which oscillate with almost the same amplitude and resonant frequency, ensuring homogeneous sonoporation with high efficacy. Stable harmonic and high harmonic signals emitted by individual oscillating microbubbles are detected by a laser Doppler vibrometer, which indicates stable cavitation occurred. Under the influence of the acoustic radiation forces induced by the oscillating microbubble, single cells can be trapped at an oscillating microbubble surface. The sonoporation of single cells is directly influenced by the individual oscillating microbubble. The parallel sonoporation of multiple cells is achieved with an efficiency of 96.6 ± 1.74% at an acoustic pressure as low as 41.7 kPa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Meng
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical ImagingInstitute of Biomedical and Health EngineeringShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences1068 Xueyuan AvenueShenzhen518055China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Health InformaticsShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences1068 Xueyuan AvenueShenzhen518055China
| | - Xiufang Liu
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical ImagingInstitute of Biomedical and Health EngineeringShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences1068 Xueyuan AvenueShenzhen518055China
- Sino‐Dutch Biomedical and Information Engineering SchoolNortheastern University195 Innovation roadShenyang110169China
| | - Yuchen Wang
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical ImagingInstitute of Biomedical and Health EngineeringShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences1068 Xueyuan AvenueShenzhen518055China
- Faculty of Engineering and ArchitectureGhent UniversityJozef Plateaustraat 229000GhentBelgium
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical ImagingInstitute of Biomedical and Health EngineeringShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences1068 Xueyuan AvenueShenzhen518055China
- Key Laboratory of E&MMinistry of Education & Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang University of Technology18 Chaowang RoadHangzhou310014China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical ImagingInstitute of Biomedical and Health EngineeringShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences1068 Xueyuan AvenueShenzhen518055China
| | - Feiyan Cai
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical ImagingInstitute of Biomedical and Health EngineeringShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences1068 Xueyuan AvenueShenzhen518055China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Health InformaticsShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences1068 Xueyuan AvenueShenzhen518055China
| | - Fei Li
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical ImagingInstitute of Biomedical and Health EngineeringShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences1068 Xueyuan AvenueShenzhen518055China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Health InformaticsShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences1068 Xueyuan AvenueShenzhen518055China
| | - Junru Wu
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVT05405USA
| | - Lisheng Xu
- Sino‐Dutch Biomedical and Information Engineering SchoolNortheastern University195 Innovation roadShenyang110169China
| | - Lili Niu
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical ImagingInstitute of Biomedical and Health EngineeringShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences1068 Xueyuan AvenueShenzhen518055China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Health InformaticsShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences1068 Xueyuan AvenueShenzhen518055China
| | - Hairong Zheng
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical ImagingInstitute of Biomedical and Health EngineeringShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences1068 Xueyuan AvenueShenzhen518055China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Health InformaticsShenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences1068 Xueyuan AvenueShenzhen518055China
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11
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de Saint Victor M, Barnsley LC, Carugo D, Owen J, Coussios CC, Stride E. Sonothrombolysis with Magnetically Targeted Microbubbles. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2019; 45:1151-1163. [PMID: 30773375 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2018.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Microbubble-enhanced sonothrombolysis is a promising approach to increasing the tolerability and efficacy of current pharmacological treatments for ischemic stroke. Maintaining therapeutic concentrations of microbubbles and drugs at the clot site, however, poses a challenge. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of magnetic microbubble targeting upon clot lysis rates in vitro. Retracted whole porcine blood clots were placed in a flow phantom of a partially occluded middle cerebral artery. The clots were treated with a combination of tissue plasminogen activator (0.75 µg/mL), magnetic microbubbles (∼107 microbubbles/mL) and ultrasound (0.5 MHz, 630-kPa peak rarefactional pressure, 0.2-Hz pulse repetition frequency, 2% duty cycle). Magnetic targeting was achieved using a single permanent magnet (0.08-0.38 T and 12-140 T/m in the region of the clot). The change in clot diameter was measured optically over the course of the experiment. Magnetic targeting produced a threefold average increase in lysis rates, and linear correlation was observed between lysis rate and total energy of acoustic emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie de Saint Victor
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lester C Barnsley
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Dario Carugo
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Joshua Owen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Constantin C Coussios
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor Stride
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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12
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Beguin E, Bau L, Shrivastava S, Stride E. Comparing Strategies for Magnetic Functionalization of Microbubbles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:1829-1840. [PMID: 30574777 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b18418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The advancement of ultrasound-mediated therapy has stimulated the development of drug-loaded microbubble agents that can be targeted to a region of interest through an applied magnetic field prior to ultrasound activation. However, the need to incorporate therapeutic molecules while optimizing the responsiveness to both magnetic and acoustic fields and maintaining adequate stability poses a considerable challenge for microbubble synthesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate three different methods for incorporating iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) into phospholipid-coated microbubbles using (1) hydrophobic IONPs within an oil layer below the microbubble shell, (2) phospholipid-stabilized IONPs within the shell, or (3) hydrophilic IONPs noncovalently bound to the surface of the microbubble. All microbubbles exhibited similar acoustic response at both 1 and 7 MHz. The half-life of the microbubbles was more than doubled by the addition of IONPs by using both surface and phospholipid-mediated loading methods, provided the lipid used to coat the IONPs was the same as that constituting the microbubble shell. The highest loading of IONPs per microbubble was also achieved with the surface loading method, and these microbubbles were the most responsive to an applied magnetic field, showing a 3-fold increase in the number of retained microbubbles compared to other groups. For the purpose of drug delivery, surface loading of IONPs could restrict the attachment of hydrophilic drugs to the microbubble shell, but hydrophobic drugs could still be incorporated. In contrast, although the incorporation of phospholipid IONPs produced more weakly magnetic microbubbles, it would not interfere with hydrophilic drug loading on the surface of the microbubble.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Beguin
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering , University of Oxford , Oxford OX3 7DQ , U.K
| | - Luca Bau
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering , University of Oxford , Oxford OX3 7DQ , U.K
| | - Shamit Shrivastava
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering , University of Oxford , Oxford OX3 7DQ , U.K
| | - Eleanor Stride
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering , University of Oxford , Oxford OX3 7DQ , U.K
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Biological active matter aggregates: Inspiration for smart colloidal materials. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 263:38-51. [PMID: 30504078 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aggregations of social organisms exhibit a remarkable range of properties and functionalities. Multiple examples, such as fire ants or slime mold, show how a population of individuals is able to overcome an existential threat by gathering into a solid-like aggregate with emergent functionality. Surprisingly, these aggregates are driven by simple rules, and their mechanisms show great parallelism among species. At the same time, great effort has been made by the scientific community to develop active colloidal materials, such as microbubbles or Janus particles, which exhibit similar behaviors. However, a direct connection between these two realms is still not evident, and it would greatly benefit future studies. In this review, we first discuss the current understanding of living aggregates, point out the mechanisms in their formation and explore the vast range of emergent properties. Second, we review the current knowledge in aggregated colloidal systems, the methods used to achieve the aggregations and their potential functionalities. Based on this knowledge, we finally identify a set of over-arching principles commonly found in biological aggregations, and further suggest potential future directions for the creation of bio-inspired colloid aggregations.
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Vlaskou D, Mykhaylyk O, Plank C. Magnetic and Acoustically Active Microbubbles Loaded with Nucleic Acids for Gene Delivery. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1943:253-290. [PMID: 30838622 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9092-4_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Targeted gene or drug delivery aims to locally accumulate the active agent and achieve the maximum local therapeutic effect at the target site while reducing unwanted effects at nontarget sites. A further development of the magnetic drug-targeting concept is combining it with an ultrasound-triggered delivery using magnetic microbubbles as a carrier for gene or drug delivery. For this purpose, selected magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), phospholipids, and nucleic acid are assembled in the presence of perfluorocarbon gas into flexible formulations of magnetic lipospheres or microbubbles. This chapter describes the protocols for preparation of magnetic lipospheres and microbubbles for nucleic acid delivery, and it also describes the procedures for labeling the components of the bubbles (lipids, MNPs, and nucleic acids) for the visualization of the vectors and their characterization, such as magnetic responsiveness and ultrasound contrast effects. Protocols are given for the transfection procedure in adherent cells, evaluation of the association of the magnetic vectors with the cells, reporter gene expression analysis, and cell viability assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dialechti Vlaskou
- Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Olga Mykhaylyk
- Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Plank
- Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
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15
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Shi D, Wallyn J, Nguyen DV, Perton F, Felder-Flesch D, Bégin-Colin S, Maaloum M, Krafft MP. Microbubbles decorated with dendronized magnetic nanoparticles for biomedical imaging: effective stabilization via fluorous interactions. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 10:2103-2115. [PMID: 31728258 PMCID: PMC6839566 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.10.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Dendrons fitted with three oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG) chains, one of which contains a fluorinated or hydrogenated end group and bears a bisphosphonate polar head (C n X2 n +1OEG8Den, X = F or H; n = 2 or 4), were synthesized and grafted on the surface of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) for microbubble-mediated imaging and therapeutic purposes. The size and stability of the dendronized IONPs (IONP@C n X2 n +1OEG8Den) in aqueous dispersions were monitored by dynamic light scattering. The investigation of the spontaneous adsorption of IONP@C n X2 n +1OEG8Den at the interface between air or air saturated with perfluorohexane and an aqueous phase establishes that exposure to the fluorocarbon gas markedly increases the rate of adsorption of the dendronized IONPs to the gas/water interface and decreases the equilibrium interfacial tension. This suggests that fluorous interactions are at play between the supernatant fluorocarbon gas and the fluorinated end groups of the dendrons. Furthermore, small perfluorohexane-stabilized microbubbles (MBs) with a dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) shell that incorporates IONP@C n X2 n +1OEG8Den (DPPC/Fe molar ratio 28:1) were prepared and subsequently characterized using both optical microscopy and an acoustical method of size determination. The dendrons fitted with fluorinated end groups lead to smaller and more stable MBs than those fitted with hydrogenated groups. The most effective result is already obtained with C2F5, for which MBs of ≈1.0 μm in radius reach a half-life of ≈6.0 h. An atomic force microscopy investigation of spin-coated mixed films of DPPC/IONP@C2X5OEG8Den combinations (molar ratio 28:1) shows that the IONPs grafted with the fluorinated dendrons are located within the phospholipid film, while those grafted with the hydrocarbon dendrons are located at the surface of the phospholipid film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Shi
- Institut Charles Sadron (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Justine Wallyn
- Institut Charles Sadron (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Dinh-Vu Nguyen
- Institut de Physique et de Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), University of Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Francis Perton
- Institut de Physique et de Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), University of Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Delphine Felder-Flesch
- Institut de Physique et de Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), University of Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sylvie Bégin-Colin
- Institut de Physique et de Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), University of Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Mounir Maaloum
- Institut Charles Sadron (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Marie Pierre Krafft
- Institut Charles Sadron (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg, France
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16
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Mannaris C, Teo BM, Seth A, Bau L, Coussios C, Stride E. Gas-Stabilizing Gold Nanocones for Acoustically Mediated Drug Delivery. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1800184. [PMID: 29696808 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201800184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The efficient penetration of drugs into tumors is a major challenge that remains unmet. Reported herein is a strategy to promote extravasation and enhanced penetration using inertial cavitation initiated by focused ultrasound and cone-shaped gold nanoparticles that entrap gas nanobubbles. The cones are capable of initiating inertial cavitation under pressures and frequencies achievable with existing clinical ultrasound systems and of promoting extravasation and delivery of a model large therapeutic molecule in an in vitro tissue mimicking flow phantom, achieving penetration depths in excess of 2 mm. Ease of functionalization and intrinsic imaging capabilities provide gold with significant advantages as a material for biomedical applications. The cones show neither cytotoxicity in Michigan Cancer Foundation (MCF)-7 cells nor hemolytic activity in human blood at clinically relevant concentrations and are found to be colloidally stable for at least 5 d at 37 °C and several months at 4 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophoros Mannaris
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Boon M Teo
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), The iNANO House, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, 19 Rainforest Walk, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Anjali Seth
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Luca Bau
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Constantin Coussios
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Eleanor Stride
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
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17
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Owen J, Crake C, Lee JY, Carugo D, Beguin E, Khrapitchev AA, Browning RJ, Sibson N, Stride E. A versatile method for the preparation of particle-loaded microbubbles for multimodality imaging and targeted drug delivery. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2018; 8:342-356. [PMID: 28299722 PMCID: PMC5830459 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-017-0366-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Microbubbles are currently in clinical use as ultrasound contrast agents and under active investigation as mediators of ultrasound therapy. To improve the theranostic potential of microbubbles, nanoparticles can be attached to the bubble shell for imaging, targeting and/or enhancement of acoustic response. Existing methods for fabricating particle-loaded bubbles, however, require the use of polymers, oil layers or chemical reactions for particle incorporation; embed/attach the particles that can reduce echogenicity; impair biocompatibility; and/or involve multiple processing steps. Here, we describe a simple method to embed nanoparticles in a phospholipid-coated microbubble formulation that overcomes these limitations. Magnetic nanoparticles are used to demonstrate the method with a range of different microbubble formulations. The size distribution and yield of microbubbles are shown to be unaffected by the addition of the particles. We further show that the microbubbles can be retained against flow using a permanent magnet, can be visualised by both ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and can be used to transfect SH-SY5Y cells with fluorescent small interfering RNA under the application of a magnetic field and ultrasound field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Owen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, Old Road Campus Research Building, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Calum Crake
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, Old Road Campus Research Building, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jeong Yu Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, Old Road Campus Research Building, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Dario Carugo
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, Old Road Campus Research Building, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
- Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Estelle Beguin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, Old Road Campus Research Building, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Alexandre A Khrapitchev
- Cancer Research UK & Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, Old Road Campus Research Building, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Richard J Browning
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, Old Road Campus Research Building, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Nicola Sibson
- Cancer Research UK & Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, Old Road Campus Research Building, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Eleanor Stride
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, Old Road Campus Research Building, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK.
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Abstract
Although viral vectors comprise the majority of gene delivery vectors, their various safety, production, and other practical concerns have left a research gap to be addressed. The non-viral vector space encompasses a growing variety of physical and chemical methods capable of gene delivery into the nuclei of target cells. Major physical methods described in this chapter are microinjection, electroporation, and ballistic injection, magnetofection, sonoporation, optical transfection, and localized hyperthermia. Major chemical methods described in this chapter are lipofection, polyfection, gold complexation, and carbon-based methods. Combination approaches to improve transfection efficiency or reduce immunological response have shown great promise in expanding the scope of non-viral gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Hong Sum
- University of Waterloo, School of Pharmacy, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | | | - Shirley Wong
- University of Waterloo, School of Pharmacy, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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Ultrasound microbubble-mediated transfection of NF-κB decoy oligodeoxynucleotide into gingival tissues inhibits periodontitis in rats in vivo. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186264. [PMID: 29091721 PMCID: PMC5665421 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic infectious disease for which the fundamental treatment is to reduce the load of subgingival pathogenic bacteria by debridement. However, previous investigators attempted to implement a nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) decoy oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) as a suppressor of periodontitis progression. Although we recently reported the effectiveness of the ultrasound-microbubble method as a tool for transfecting the NF-κB decoy ODN into healthy rodent gingival tissue, this technique has not yet been applied to the pathological gingiva of periodontitis animal models. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the technique in transfecting the NF-κB decoy ODN into rats with ligature-induced periodontitis. Micro computed tomography (micro-CT) analysis demonstrated a significant reduction in alveolar bone loss following treatment with the NF-κB decoy ODN in the experimental group. RT-PCR showed that NF-κB decoy ODN treatment resulted in significantly reduced expression of inflammatory cytokine transcripts within rat gingival tissues. Thus, we established a transcutaneous transfection model of NF-κB decoy ODN treatment of periodontal tissues using the ultrasound-microbubble technique. Our findings suggest that the NF-κB decoy ODN could be used as a significant suppressor of gingival inflammation and periodontal disease progression.
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A new approach to transfect NF-κB decoy oligodeoxynucleotides into the periodontal tissue using the ultrasound-microbubble method. Int J Oral Sci 2017; 9:80-86. [PMID: 28452376 PMCID: PMC5518970 DOI: 10.1038/ijos.2017.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of the ultrasound-microbubble technique in nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) decoy oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) transfection in the gingival tissue in mice. The 6-FAM-labeled scrambled decoy ODN with microbubbles was applied to the periodontal tissue in 8-week-old male C57BL/6J mice by ultrasound radiation at low (LUM-Sc) and high (HUM-Sc) intensities to optimize the transfection condition of the ultrasound-microbubble method. Histological inspections were performed two hours after transfection to compare the expression with that in the sham-operated group without ultrasound radiation (A-Sc). Then, an NF-κB decoy was transfected into the periodontal tissue using the high-intensity ultrasound-microbubble (HUM-NF) technique to examine the anti-inflammatory effects of the decoy ODN. Western blot analysis was performed to investigate the expression of interleukin(IL)-1β, IL-6 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in the gingival tissues in the HUM-Sc, the HUM-NF and control groups. The fluorescence microscopy results showed that the fluorescent intensity in the periodontal tissues in the LUM-Sc and HUM-Sc groups was significantly higher than that in the A-Sc and the control groups. The fluorescent intensity in the HUM-Sc group, especially in the gingival connective tissue, was the highest of all groups. Western blot analysis indicated that the protein expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and ICAM-1 in the HUM-NF group were significantly lower than those in the HUM-Sc and the control groups. These findings suggest that the high-intensity ultrasound-microbubble technique is an effective tool for decoy transfection into the periodontal tissue.
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21
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Lee JY, Crake C, Teo B, Carugo D, de Saint Victor M, Seth A, Stride E. Ultrasound-Enhanced siRNA Delivery Using Magnetic Nanoparticle-Loaded Chitosan-Deoxycholic Acid Nanodroplets. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28195673 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201601246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Revised: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Small interfering RNA (siRNA) has significant therapeutic potential but its clinical translation has been severely inhibited by a lack of effective delivery strategies. Previous work has demonstrated that perfluorocarbon nanodroplets loaded with magnetic nanoparticles can facilitate the intracellular delivery of a conventional chemotherapeutic drug. The aim of this study is to determine whether a similar agent can provide a means of delivering siRNA, enabling efficient transfection without degradation of the molecule. Chitosan-deoxycholic acid nanoparticles containing perfluoropentane and iron oxide (d 0 = 7.5 ± 0.35 nm) with a mean hydrodynamic diameter of 257.6 ± 10.9 nm are produced. siRNA (AllStars Hs cell death siRNA) is electrostatically bound to the particle surface and delivery to lung cancer cells and breast cancer cells is investigated with and without ultrasound exposure (500 kHz, 1 MPa peak-to-peak focal pressure, 40 cycles per burst, 1 kHz pulse repetition frequency, 10 s duration). The results show that siRNA functionality is not impaired by the treatment protocol and that the nanodroplets are able to successfully promote siRNA uptake, leading to significant apoptosis (52.4%) 72 h after ultrasound treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Yu Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering; Department of Engineering Science; University of Oxford; Oxford, Old Road Campus OX3 7DQ UK
| | - Calum Crake
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering; Department of Engineering Science; University of Oxford; Oxford, Old Road Campus OX3 7DQ UK
| | - Boon Teo
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering; Department of Engineering Science; University of Oxford; Oxford, Old Road Campus OX3 7DQ UK
| | - Dario Carugo
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering; Department of Engineering Science; University of Oxford; Oxford, Old Road Campus OX3 7DQ UK
- Faculty of Engineering and the Environment; Southampton University; Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Marie de Saint Victor
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering; Department of Engineering Science; University of Oxford; Oxford, Old Road Campus OX3 7DQ UK
| | - Anjali Seth
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering; Department of Engineering Science; University of Oxford; Oxford, Old Road Campus OX3 7DQ UK
| | - Eleanor Stride
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering; Department of Engineering Science; University of Oxford; Oxford, Old Road Campus OX3 7DQ UK
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Barnsley LC, Carugo D, Aron M, Stride E. Understanding the dynamics of superparamagnetic particles under the influence of high field gradient arrays. Phys Med Biol 2017; 62:2333-2360. [PMID: 28141578 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aa5d46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize the behaviour of superparamagnetic particles in magnetic drug targeting (MDT) schemes. A 3-dimensional mathematical model was developed, based on the analytical derivation of the trajectory of a magnetized particle suspended inside a fluid channel carrying laminar flow and in the vicinity of an external source of magnetic force. Semi-analytical expressions to quantify the proportion of captured particles, and their relative accumulation (concentration) as a function of distance along the wall of the channel were also derived. These were expressed in terms of a non-dimensional ratio of the relevant physical and physiological parameters corresponding to a given MDT protocol. The ability of the analytical model to assess magnetic targeting schemes was tested against numerical simulations of particle trajectories. The semi-analytical expressions were found to provide good first-order approximations for the performance of MDT systems in which the magnetic force is relatively constant over a large spatial range. The numerical model was then used to test the suitability of a range of different designs of permanent magnet assemblies for MDT. The results indicated that magnetic arrays that emit a strong magnetic force that varies rapidly over a confined spatial range are the most suitable for concentrating magnetic particles in a localized region. By comparison, commonly used magnet geometries such as button magnets and linear Halbach arrays result in distributions of accumulated particles that are less efficient for delivery. The trajectories predicted by the numerical model were verified experimentally by acoustically focusing magnetic microbeads flowing in a glass capillary channel, and optically tracking their path past a high field gradient Halbach array.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lester C Barnsley
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
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23
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Crake C, Owen J, Smart S, Coviello C, Coussios CC, Carlisle R, Stride E. Enhancement and Passive Acoustic Mapping of Cavitation from Fluorescently Tagged Magnetic Resonance-Visible Magnetic Microbubbles In Vivo. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2016; 42:3022-3036. [PMID: 27666788 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Previous work has indicated the potential of magnetically functionalized microbubbles to localize and enhance cavitation activity under focused ultrasound exposure in vitro. The aim of this study was to investigate magnetic targeting of microbubbles for promotion of cavitation in vivo. Fluorescently labelled magnetic microbubbles were administered intravenously in a murine xenograft model. Cavitation was induced using a 0.5-MHz focused ultrasound transducer at peak negative focal pressures of 1.2-2.0 MPa and monitored in real-time using B-mode imaging and passive acoustic mapping. Magnetic targeting was found to increase the amplitude of the cavitation signal by approximately 50% compared with untargeted bubbles. Post-exposure magnetic resonance imaging indicated deposition of magnetic nanoparticles in tumours. Magnetic targeting was similarly associated with increased fluorescence intensity in the tumours after the experiments. These results suggest that magnetic targeting could potentially be used to improve delivery of cavitation-mediated therapy and that passive acoustic mapping could be used for real-time monitoring of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calum Crake
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Joshua Owen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sean Smart
- Gray Institute for Radiation Oncology and Biology, Radiobiology Research Institute, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Christian Coviello
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Constantin-C Coussios
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Robert Carlisle
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Eleanor Stride
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Design of Microbubbles for Gene/Drug Delivery. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 880:191-204. [PMID: 26486339 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-22536-4_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The role of ultrasound contrast agents (UCA) initially designed for diagnosis has evolved towards a therapeutic use. Ultrasound (US) for triggered drug delivery has many advantages. In particular, it enables a high spatial control of drug release, thus potentially allowing activation of drug delivery only in the targeted region, and not in surrounding healthy tissue. Moreover, UCA imaging can also be used firstly to precisely locate the target region to, and then used to monitor the drug delivery process by tracking the location of release occurrence. All these features make UCA and ultrasound attractive means to mediate drug delivery. The three main potential clinical indications for drug/gene US delivery are (i) the cardiovascular system, (ii) the central nervous system for small molecule delivery, and (iii) tumor therapy using cytotoxic drugs. Although promising results have been achieved in preclinical studies in various animal models, still very few examples of clinical use have been reported. In this chapter will be addressed the aspects pertaining to UCA formulation (chemical composition, mode of preparation, analytical methods…) and the requirement for a potential translation into the clinic following approval by regulatory authorities.
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25
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Owen J, Stride E. Technique for the Characterization of Phospholipid Microbubbles Coatings by Transmission Electron Microscopy. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2015; 41:3253-8. [PMID: 26361999 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2015.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Gas microbubbles stabilized by a surfactant or polymer coating are of considerable clinical interest because of their imaging and drug delivery potential under ultrasound exposure. The utility of microbubbles for a given application is intrinsically linked to their structure and stability. These in turn are highly sensitive to coating composition and fabrication techniques. Various methods including fluorescence and atomic force microscopy have been applied to characterize microbubble properties, but direct observation of coating structure at the nanoscale still poses a considerable challenge. Here we describe a transmission electron microscopy (TEM) technique to observe the surface of microbubbles. Images from a series of phospholipid-coated microbubble systems, including those decorated with nanoparticles, are presented. They indicate that the technique enables visualization of the coating structure, in particular lipid discontinuities and nanoparticle distribution. This information can be used to better understand how microbubble surface structure relates to formulation and/or processing technique and ultimately to functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Owen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Eleanor Stride
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Barnsley LC, Carugo D, Owen J, Stride E. Halbach arrays consisting of cubic elements optimised for high field gradients in magnetic drug targeting applications. Phys Med Biol 2015; 60:8303-27. [PMID: 26458056 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/60/21/8303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A key challenge in the development of magnetic drug targeting (MDT) as a clinically relevant technique is designing systems that can apply sufficient magnetic force to actuate magnetic drug carriers at useful tissue depths. In this study an optimisation routine was developed to generate designs of Halbach arrays consisting of multiple layers of high grade, cubic, permanent magnet elements, configured to deliver the maximum pull or push force at a position of interest between 5 and 50 mm from the array, resulting in arrays capable of delivering useful magnetic forces to depths past 20 mm. The optimisation routine utilises a numerical model of the magnetic field and force generated by an arbitrary configuration of magnetic elements. Simulated field and force profiles of optimised arrays were evaluated, also taking into account the forces required for assembling the array in practice. The resultant selection for the array, consisting of two layers, was then constructed and characterised to verify the simulations. Finally the array was utilised in a set of in vitro experiments to demonstrate its capacity to separate and retain microbubbles loaded with magnetic nanoparticles against a constant flow. The optimised designs are presented as light-weight, inexpensive options for applying high-gradient, external magnetic fields in MDT applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lester C Barnsley
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
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Owen J, Rademeyer P, Chung D, Cheng Q, Holroyd D, Coussios C, Friend P, Pankhurst QA, Stride E. Magnetic targeting of microbubbles against physiologically relevant flow conditions. Interface Focus 2015; 5:20150001. [PMID: 26442137 PMCID: PMC4549839 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2015.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The localization of microbubbles to a treatment site has been shown to be essential to their effectiveness in therapeutic applications such as targeted drug delivery and gene therapy. A variety of different strategies for achieving localization has been investigated, including biochemical targeting, acoustic radiation force, and the incorporation of superparamagnetic nanoparticles into microbubbles to enable their manipulation using an externally applied magnetic field. The third of these strategies has the advantage of concentrating microbubbles in a target region without exposing them to ultrasound, and can be used in conjunction with biochemical targeting to achieve greater specificity. Magnetic microbubbles have been shown to be effective for therapeutic delivery in vitro and in vivo. Whether this technique can be successfully applied in humans however remains an open question. The aim of this study was to determine the range of flow conditions under which targeting could be achieved. In vitro results indicate that magnetic microbubbles can be retained using clinically acceptable magnetic fields, for both the high shear rates (approx. 104 s−1) found in human arterioles and capillaries, and the high flow rates (approx. 3.5 ml s−1) of human arteries. The potential for human in vivo microbubble retention was further demonstrated using a perfused porcine liver model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Owen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science , University of Oxford , Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ , UK
| | - Paul Rademeyer
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science , University of Oxford , Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ , UK
| | - Daniel Chung
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science , University of Oxford , Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ , UK ; Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences , University of Oxford , John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU , UK
| | - Qian Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science , University of Oxford , Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ , UK
| | - David Holroyd
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science , University of Oxford , Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ , UK ; Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences , University of Oxford , John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU , UK
| | - Constantin Coussios
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science , University of Oxford , Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ , UK
| | - Peter Friend
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences , University of Oxford , John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU , UK
| | - Quentin A Pankhurst
- Healthcare Biomagnetics Laboratory , University College London , 21 Albemarle Street, London W1S 4BS , UK ; Institute of Biomedical Engineering , University College London , Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT , UK
| | - Eleanor Stride
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science , University of Oxford , Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ , UK
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Abstract
We generally think of bubbles as benign and harmless and yet they can manifest the most remarkable range of physical effects. Some of those effects are the stuff of our everyday experience as in the tinkling of a brook or the sounds of breaking waves at the beach. But even these mundane effects are examples of the ability of bubbles to gather, focus and radiate energy (acoustic energy in the above examples). In other contexts that focusing of energy can lead to serious technological problems as when cavitation bubbles eat great holes through ships' propeller blades or cause a threat to the integrity of the spillways at the Hoover Dam. In liquid-propelled rocket engines, bubbles pose a danger to the stability of the propulsion system, and in artificial heart valves they can cause serious damage to the red blood cells. In perhaps the most extraordinary example of energy focusing, collapsing cavitation bubbles can emit not only sound, but also light with black body radiation temperatures equal to that of the sun (Brennen 1995 Cavitation and bubble dynamics). But, harnessed carefully, this almost unique ability to focus energy can also be put to remarkably constructive use. Cavitation bubbles are now used in a remarkable range of surgical and medical procedures, for example to emulsify tissue (most commonly in cataract surgery or in lithotripsy procedures for the reduction of kidney and gall stones) or to manipulate the DNA in individual cells. By creating cavitation bubbles non-invasively thereby depositing and focusing energy non-intrusively, one can generate minute incisions or target cancer cells. This paper will begin by briefly reviewing the history of cavitation phenomena and will end with a vision of the new horizons for the amazing cavitation bubble.
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Abstract
X-rays are commonly used as a means to image the inside of objects opaque to visible light, as their short wavelength allows penetration through matter and the formation of high spatial resolution images. This physical effect has found particular importance in medicine where x-ray based imaging is routinely used as a diagnostic tool. Increasingly, however, imaging modalities that provide functional as well as morphological information are required. In this study the potential to use x-ray phase based imaging as a functional modality through the use of microbubbles that can be targeted to specific biological processes is explored. We show that the concentration of a microbubble suspension can be monitored quantitatively whilst in flow using x-ray phase contrast imaging. This could provide the basis for a dynamic imaging technique that combines the tissue penetration, spatial resolution, and high contrast of x-ray phase based imaging with the functional information offered by targeted imaging modalities.
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Carugo D, Owen J, Crake C, Lee JY, Stride E. Biologically and Acoustically Compatible Chamber for Studying Ultrasound-Mediated Delivery of Therapeutic Compounds. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2015; 41:1927-37. [PMID: 25922133 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2015.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound (US), in combination with microbubbles, has been found to be a potential alternative to viral therapies for transfecting biological cells. The translation of this technique to the clinical environment, however, requires robust and systematic optimization of the acoustic parameters needed to achieve a desired therapeutic effect. Currently, a variety of different devices have been developed to transfect cells in vitro, resulting in a lack of standardized experimental conditions and difficulty in comparing results from different laboratories. To overcome this limitation, we propose an easy-to-fabricate and cost-effective device for application in US-mediated delivery of therapeutic compounds. It comprises a commercially available cell culture dish coupled with a silicon-based "lid" developed in-house that enables the device to be immersed in a water bath for US exposure. Described here are the design of the device, characterization of the sound field and fluid dynamics inside the chamber and an example protocol for a therapeutic delivery experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Carugo
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Joshua Owen
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Calum Crake
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jeong Yu Lee
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor Stride
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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Owen J, Grove P, Rademeyer P, Stride E. The influence of blood on targeted microbubbles. J R Soc Interface 2015; 11:20140622. [PMID: 25253034 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2014.0622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to successfully target the delivery of drugs and other therapeutic molecules has been a key goal of biomedical research for many decades. Despite highly promising in vitro results, however, successful translation of targeted drug delivery into clinical use has been extremely limited. This study investigates the significance of the characteristics of whole blood, which are rarely accounted for in vitro assays, as a possible explanation for the poor correlation between in vitro and in vivo experiments. It is shown using two separate model systems employing either biochemical or magnetic targeting that blood causes a substantial reduction in targeting efficiency relative to saline under the same flow conditions. This finding has important implications for the design of targeted drug delivery systems and the assays used in their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Owen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Philip Grove
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Paul Rademeyer
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Eleanor Stride
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
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32
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Iron oxide nanoparticles for magnetically-guided and magnetically-responsive drug delivery. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:8070-101. [PMID: 25867479 PMCID: PMC4425068 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16048070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we discuss the recent advances in and problems with the use of magnetically-guided and magnetically-responsive nanoparticles in drug delivery and magnetofection. In magnetically-guided nanoparticles, a constant external magnetic field is used to transport magnetic nanoparticles loaded with drugs to a specific site within the body or to increase the transfection capacity. Magnetofection is the delivery of nucleic acids under the influence of a magnetic field acting on nucleic acid vectors that are associated with magnetic nanoparticles. In magnetically-responsive nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles are encapsulated or embedded in a larger colloidal structure that carries a drug. In this last case, an alternating magnetic field can modify the structure of the colloid, thereby providing spatial and temporal control over drug release.
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van Rooij T, Daeichin V, Skachkov I, de Jong N, Kooiman K. Targeted ultrasound contrast agents for ultrasound molecular imaging and therapy. Int J Hyperthermia 2015; 31:90-106. [PMID: 25707815 DOI: 10.3109/02656736.2014.997809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) are used routinely in the clinic to enhance contrast in ultrasonography. More recently, UCAs have been functionalised by conjugating ligands to their surface to target specific biomarkers of a disease or a disease process. These targeted UCAs (tUCAs) are used for a wide range of pre-clinical applications including diagnosis, monitoring of drug treatment, and therapy. In this review, recent achievements with tUCAs in the field of molecular imaging, evaluation of therapy, drug delivery, and therapeutic applications are discussed. We present the different coating materials and aspects that have to be considered when manufacturing tUCAs. Next to tUCA design and the choice of ligands for specific biomarkers, additional techniques are discussed that are applied to improve binding of the tUCAs to their target and to quantify the strength of this bond. As imaging techniques rely on the specific behaviour of tUCAs in an ultrasound field, it is crucial to understand the characteristics of both free and adhered tUCAs. To image and quantify the adhered tUCAs, the state-of-the-art techniques used for ultrasound molecular imaging and quantification are presented. This review concludes with the potential of tUCAs for drug delivery and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom van Rooij
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thoraxcenter , Erasmus MC, Rotterdam , the Netherlands
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34
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Crake C, Victor MDS, Owen J, Coviello C, Collin J, Coussios CC, Stride E. Passive acoustic mapping of magnetic microbubbles for cavitation enhancement and localization. Phys Med Biol 2015; 60:785-806. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/60/2/785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Mykhaylyk O, Sanchez-Antequera Y, Vlaskou D, Cerda MB, Bokharaei M, Hammerschmid E, Anton M, Plank C. Magnetic nanoparticle and magnetic field assisted siRNA delivery in vitro. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1218:53-106. [PMID: 25319646 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1538-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This chapter describes how to design and conduct experiments to deliver siRNA to adherent cell cultures in vitro by magnetic force-assisted transfection using self-assembled complexes of small interfering RNA (siRNA) and cationic lipids or polymers that are associated with magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). These magnetic complexes are targeted to the cell surface by the application of a gradient magnetic field. A further development of the magnetic drug-targeting concept is combining it with an ultrasound-triggered delivery using magnetic microbubbles as a carrier for gene or drug delivery. For this purpose, selected MNPs, phospholipids, and siRNAs are assembled in the presence of perfluorocarbon gas into flexible formulations of magnetic lipospheres (microbubbles). Methods are described how to accomplish the synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles for magnetofection and how to test the association of siRNA with the magnetic components of the transfection vector. A simple method is described to evaluate magnetic responsiveness of the magnetic siRNA transfection complexes and estimate the complex loading with magnetic nanoparticles. Procedures are provided for the preparation of magnetic lipoplexes and polyplexes of siRNA as well as magnetic microbubbles for magnetofection and downregulation of the target gene expression analysis with account for the toxicity determined using an MTT-based respiration activity test. A modification of the magnetic transfection triplexes with INF-7, fusogenic peptide, is described resulting in reporter gene silencing improvement in HeLa, Caco-2, and ARPE-19 cells. The methods described can also be useful for screening vector compositions and novel magnetic nanoparticle preparations for optimized siRNA transfection by magnetofection in any cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Mykhaylyk
- Institute of Experimental Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Ismaninger Strasse 22, Munich, 81675, Germany,
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36
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Krafft MP. Perfluoroalkyl chains as tools for film surface nano-patterning and soft microbubble engineering and decoration. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2014.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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37
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Sirsi SR, Borden MA. State-of-the-art materials for ultrasound-triggered drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 72:3-14. [PMID: 24389162 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasound is a unique and exciting theranostic modality that can be used to track drug carriers, trigger drug release and improve drug deposition with high spatial precision. In this review, we briefly describe the mechanisms of interaction between drug carriers and ultrasound waves, including cavitation, streaming and hyperthermia, and how those interactions can promote drug release and tissue uptake. We then discuss the rational design of some state-of-the-art materials for ultrasound-triggered drug delivery and review recent progress for each drug carrier, focusing on the delivery of chemotherapeutic agents such as doxorubicin. These materials include nanocarrier formulations, such as liposomes and micelles, designed specifically for ultrasound-triggered drug release, as well as microbubbles, microbubble-nanocarrier hybrids, microbubble-seeded hydrogels and phase-change agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank R Sirsi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Mark A Borden
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
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38
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de Saint Victor M, Crake C, Coussios CC, Stride E. Properties, characteristics and applications of microbubbles for sonothrombolysis. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2014; 11:187-209. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2014.868434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Seo SJ, Kim TH, Choi SJ, Park JH, Wall IB, Kim HW. Gene delivery techniques for adult stem cell-based regenerative therapy. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2013; 8:1875-91. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.13.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, stem cells have been considered to be a promising resource to cure and regenerate damaged or diseased tissues with research extending from basic studies to clinical application. Furthermore, genetically modified stem cells have the potential to reduce tumorigenic risks and achieve safe tissue formation. Recent advances in genetic modification of stem cells have rendered these cells more accessible and stable. The successful genetic modification of stem cells relies heavily on designing vector systems, either viral or nonviral vectors, which can efficiently deliver therapeutic genes to the cells with minimum toxicity. Currently, viral vectors showing high transfection efficiencies still raise safety issues, whereas safer nonviral vectors exhibit extremely poor transfection in stem cells. Here, we attempt to review and discuss the main factors raising concern in previous reports, and devise strategies to solve the issues in gene delivery systems for successful stem cell-targeting regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seog-Jin Seo
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan 330–714, South Korea
| | - Tae-Hyun Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan 330–714, South Korea
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 plus NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 330–714, South Korea
| | - Seong-Jun Choi
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan 330–714, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Hui Park
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 plus NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 330–714, South Korea
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Ivan B Wall
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science & BK21 plus NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 330–714, South Korea
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University Cheonan 330–714, South Korea
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40
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Issa B, Obaidat IM, Albiss BA, Haik Y. Magnetic nanoparticles: surface effects and properties related to biomedicine applications. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:21266-305. [PMID: 24232575 PMCID: PMC3856004 DOI: 10.3390/ijms141121266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to finite size effects, such as the high surface-to-volume ratio and different crystal structures, magnetic nanoparticles are found to exhibit interesting and considerably different magnetic properties than those found in their corresponding bulk materials. These nanoparticles can be synthesized in several ways (e.g., chemical and physical) with controllable sizes enabling their comparison to biological organisms from cells (10–100 μm), viruses, genes, down to proteins (3–50 nm). The optimization of the nanoparticles’ size, size distribution, agglomeration, coating, and shapes along with their unique magnetic properties prompted the application of nanoparticles of this type in diverse fields. Biomedicine is one of these fields where intensive research is currently being conducted. In this review, we will discuss the magnetic properties of nanoparticles which are directly related to their applications in biomedicine. We will focus mainly on surface effects and ferrite nanoparticles, and on one diagnostic application of magnetic nanoparticles as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashar Issa
- Department of Physics, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, 15551, UAE; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +971-3-713-6316; Fax: +971-3-713-6944
| | - Ihab M. Obaidat
- Department of Physics, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, 15551, UAE; E-Mail:
| | - Borhan A. Albiss
- Superconductivity & Magnetic Measurements Laboratory, Physics Department, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan; E-Mail:
| | - Yousef Haik
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, 15551, UAE; E-Mail:
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nanobioscience 203, Eberhart Building University of North Carolina, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA
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41
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Vlaskou D, Plank C, Mykhaylyk O. Magnetic and acoustically active microbubbles loaded with nucleic acids for gene delivery. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 948:205-41. [PMID: 23070773 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-140-0_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Targeted gene or drug delivery aims to locally accumulate the active agent and achieve the maximum local therapeutic effect at the target-site while reducing unwanted effects at nontarget sites. A further development of the magnetic drug-targeting concept is combining it with an ultrasound-triggered delivery using magnetic microbubbles as a carrier for gene or drug delivery. For this purpose, selected magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), phospholipids, and nucleic acid are assembled in the presence of perfluorocarbon gas into flexible formulations of magnetic lipospheres or microbubbles. This manuscript describes the protocols for preparation of magnetic lipospheres and microbubbles for nucleic acid delivery, and it also describes the procedures for labeling the components of the bubbles (lipids, MNPs, and nucleic acids) for the visualization of the vectors and their characterization, such as magnetic responsiveness and ultrasound contrast effects. Protocols are given for the transfection procedure in adherent cells, evaluation of the association of the magnetic vectors with the cells, reporter gene expression analysis, and cell viability assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dialechti Vlaskou
- Institute of Experimental Oncology and Therapy Research, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
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Nguyen PN, Nikolova G, Polavarapu P, Waton G, Phuoc LT, Pourroy G, Krafft MP. Compressible multi-scale magnetic constructs: decorating the outer surface of self-assembled microbubbles with iron oxide nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra40908b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Owen J, Zhou B, Rademeyer P, Tang MX, Pankhurst Q, Eckersley R, Stride E. Understanding the structure and mechanism of formation of a new magnetic microbubble formulation. Theranostics 2012; 2:1127-39. [PMID: 23382771 PMCID: PMC3563147 DOI: 10.7150/thno.4307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles and ultrasound contrast agents have both been used as vehicles for therapeutic delivery. More recently, magnetic microbubbles have been developed as a new theranostic agent which combines the advantages of the individual carriers and overcomes many of their limitations. In a previous study of gene delivery using magnetic microbubbles, it was found that a combination of magnetic liquid droplets and non-magnetic phospholipid microbubbles produced higher transfection rates than magnetic microbubbles. The reasons for this were not fully understood, however. The aim of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that conjugation between the droplets and the microbubbles occurred. A combination of optical and fluorescence microscopy and ultrasound imaging studies in a flow phantom were performed. No interaction between magnetic droplets and microbubbles was observed under optical microscopy but the results from the fluorescence and acoustic imaging indicated that magnetic droplets and microbubbles do indeed combine to form a new magnetically and acoustically responsive particle. Theoretical calculations indicate that the driving force of the interaction is the relative surface energy and thus thermodynamic stability of the microbubbles and the droplets. The new particles were resistant to centrifugation, of comparable echogenicity to conventional ultrasound contrast agents and could be retained by a magnetic field (0.2T) in a flow phantom at centre line velocities of ~6 cm s(-1) and shear rates of ~60 s( -1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Owen
- 1. Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Bin Zhou
- 2. Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Paul Rademeyer
- 1. Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Meng-Xing Tang
- 2. Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Quentin Pankhurst
- 3. Davy-Faraday Research Laboratory, The Royal Institution of Great Britain, London, UK
| | | | - Eleanor Stride
- 1. Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, UK
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44
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Alzaraa A, Gravante G, Chung WY, Al-Leswas D, Bruno M, Dennison AR, Lloyd DM. Targeted microbubbles in the experimental and clinical setting. Am J Surg 2012; 204:355-66. [PMID: 22920405 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2011.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Revised: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbubbles have improved ultrasonography imaging techniques over the past 2 decades. Their safety, versatility, and easiness of use have rendered them equal or even superior in some instances to other imaging modalities such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Herein, we conducted a literature review to present their types, general behavior in tissues, and current and potential use in clinical practice. METHODS A literature search was conducted for all preclinical and clinical studies involving microbubbles and ultrasonography. RESULTS Different types of microbubbles are available. These generally improve the enhancement of tissues during ultrasonography imaging. They also can be attached to ligands for the target of several conditions such as inflammation, angiogenesis, thrombosis, apoptosis, and might have the potential of carrying toxic drugs to diseased sites, thereby limiting the systemic adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS The use of microbubbles is evolving rapidly and can have a significant impact on the management of various conditions. The potential for their use as targeting agents and gene and drug delivery vehicles looks promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Alzaraa
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, NHS Trust, Leicester General Hospital, Gwendolen Rd., Leicester, LE5 4PW, UK.
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45
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Advances in polymeric and inorganic vectors for nonviral nucleic acid delivery. Ther Deliv 2012; 2:493-521. [PMID: 22826857 DOI: 10.4155/tde.11.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonviral systems for nucleic acid delivery offer a host of potential advantages compared with viruses, including reduced toxicity and immunogenicity, increased ease of production and less stringent vector size limitations, but remain far less efficient than their viral counterparts. In this article we review recent advances in the delivery of nucleic acids using polymeric and inorganic vectors. We discuss the wide range of materials being designed and evaluated for these purposes while considering the physical requirements and barriers to entry that these agents face and reviewing recent novel approaches towards improving delivery with respect to each of these barriers. Furthermore, we provide a brief overview of past and ongoing nonviral gene therapy clinical trials. We conclude with a discussion of multifunctional nucleic acid carriers and future directions.
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46
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MagnetofectionTM platform: from magnetic nanoparticles to novel nucleic acid therapeutics. Ther Deliv 2012; 2:717-26. [PMID: 22822504 DOI: 10.4155/tde.11.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acid delivery to cells to make them produce a desired protein or to shut down the expression of endogenous genes opens unique possibilities for research and therapy. During the last decade, to realize the potential of this approach, nanomagnetic methods for delivering and targeting nucleic acids have been developed, methods which are often referred to as Magnetofection. Our research group at the Institute of Experimental Oncology and Therapy Research, located at the University Hospital Klinikum rechts der Isar in the center of Munich, Germany, develops new magnetic nanomaterials and, their formulations with gene-delivery vectors and technologies to allow localized and efficient gene delivery in vitro and in vivo for a variety of research, diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
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47
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Song S, Noble M, Sun S, Chen L, Brayman AA, Miao CH. Efficient microbubble- and ultrasound-mediated plasmid DNA delivery into a specific rat liver lobe via a targeted injection and acoustic exposure using a novel ultrasound system. Mol Pharm 2012; 9:2187-96. [PMID: 22779401 DOI: 10.1021/mp300037t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To develop efficient gene delivery in larger animals, based on a previous mouse study, we explored the luciferase reporter gene transfer in rats by establishing a novel unfocused ultrasound system with simultaneous targeted injection of a plasmid and microbubble mixture into a specific liver lobe through a portal vein branch. Luciferase expression was significantly enhanced over 0-30 vol % of the Definity microbubbles, with a plateau between 0.5 and 30 vol %. The increase of gene delivery efficiency also depended on the acoustic peak negative pressure, achieving over 100-fold enhancement at 2.5 MPa compared with plasmid only controls. Transient, modest liver damage following treatment was assessed by transaminase assays and histology, both of which correlated with gene expression induced by acoustic cavitation. In addition, pulse-train ultrasound exposures (i.e., with relatively long quiescent periods between groups of pulses to allow tissue refill with microbubbles) produced gene expression levels comparable to the standard US exposure but reduced the extent of liver damage. These results indicated that unfocused high intensity therapeutic ultrasound exposure with microbubbles is highly promising for safe and efficient gene delivery into the liver of rats or larger animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxian Song
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
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48
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Owen J, Pankhurst Q, Stride E. Magnetic targeting and ultrasound mediated drug delivery: Benefits, limitations and combination. Int J Hyperthermia 2012; 28:362-73. [DOI: 10.3109/02656736.2012.668639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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49
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Mulvana H, Eckersley RJ, Tang MX, Pankhurst Q, Stride E. Theoretical and experimental characterisation of magnetic microbubbles. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2012; 38:864-875. [PMID: 22480944 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2012.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Revised: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In addition to improving image contrast, microbubbles have shown great potential in molecular imaging and drug/gene delivery. Previous work by the authors showed that considerable improvements in gene transfection efficiency were obtained using microbubbles loaded with magnetic nanoparticles under simultaneous exposure to ultrasound and magnetic fields. The aim of this study was to characterise the effect of nanoparticles on the dynamic and acoustic response of the microbubbles. High-speed video microscopy indicated that the amplitude of oscillation was very similar for magnetic and nonmagnetic microbubbles of the same size for the same ultrasound exposure (0.5 MHz, 100 kPa, 12-cycle pulse) and that this was minimally affected by an imposed magnetic field. The linear scattering to attenuation ratio (STAR) was also similar for suspensions of both bubble types although the nonlinear STAR was ~50% lower for the magnetic microbubbles. Both the video and acoustic data were supported by the results from theoretical modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Mulvana
- Department of Imaging Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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50
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Mannell H, Pircher J, Fochler F, Stampnik Y, Räthel T, Gleich B, Plank C, Mykhaylyk O, Dahmani C, Wörnle M, Ribeiro A, Pohl U, Krötz F. Site directed vascular gene delivery in vivo by ultrasonic destruction of magnetic nanoparticle coated microbubbles. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2012; 8:1309-18. [PMID: 22480917 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2012.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Revised: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Site specific vascular gene delivery for therapeutic implications is favorable because of reduction of possible side effects. Yet this technology faces numerous hurdles that result in low transfection rates because of suboptimal delivery. Combining ultrasonic microbubble technology with magnetic nanoparticle enhanced gene transfer could make it possible to use the systemic vasculature as the route of application and to magnetically trap these compounds at the target of interest. In this study we show that magnetic nanoparticle-coated microbubbles bind plasmid DNA and successfully deliver it to endothelial cells in vitro and more importantly transport their cargo through the vascular system and specifically deliver it to the vascular wall in vivo at sites where microbubbles are retained by magnetic force and burst by local ultrasound application. This resulted in a significant enhancement in site specific gene delivery compared with the conventional microbubble technique. Thus, this technology may have promising therapeutic potential. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR This work focuses on combining ultrasonic microbubble technology with magnetic nanoparticle enhanced gene transfer to enable targeted gene delivery via the systemic vasculature and magnetic trapping of these compounds at the target of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Mannell
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
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