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Browning RJ, Able S, Ruan JL, Bau L, Allen PD, Kersemans V, Wallington S, Kinchesh P, Smart S, Kartsonaki C, Kamila S, Logan K, Taylor MA, McHale AP, Callan JF, Stride E, Vallis KA. Combining sonodynamic therapy with chemoradiation for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. J Control Release 2021; 337:371-377. [PMID: 34274382 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Treatment options for patients with pancreatic cancer are limited and survival prospects have barely changed over the past 4 decades. Chemoradiation treatment (CRT) has been used as neoadjuvant therapy in patients with borderline resectable disease to reduce tumour burden and increase the proportion of patients eligible for surgery. Antimetabolite drugs such as gemcitabine and 5-fluorouracil are known to sensitise pancreatic tumours to radiation treatment. Likewise, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has also been shown to enhance the effect of radiation therapy. However, PDT is limited to treating superficial lesions due to the attenuation of light by tissue. The ability of the related technique, sonodynamic therapy (SDT), to enhance CRT was investigated in two murine models of pancreatic cancer (PSN-1 and BxPC-3) in this study. SDT uses low intensity ultrasound to activate an otherwise non-toxic sensitiser, generating toxic levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) locally. It is applicable to greater target depths than PDT due to the ability of ultrasound to propagate further than light in tissue. Both CRT and the combination of CRT plus SDT delayed tumour growth in the two tumour models. In the PSN-1 model, but not the BxPC-3 model, the combination treatment caused an increase in survival relative to CRT alone (p = 0.038). The improvement in survival conferred by the addition of SDT in this model may be related to differences in tumour architecture between the two models. MRI and US images showed that PSN-1 tumours were less well perfused and vascularised than BxPC-3 tumours. This poor vascularisation may explain why PSN-1 tumours were more susceptible to the effects of vascular damage exerted by SDT treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Browning
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Sarah Able
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Jia-Ling Ruan
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Luca Bau
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Philip D Allen
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Veerle Kersemans
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Sheena Wallington
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Paul Kinchesh
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Sean Smart
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Christiana Kartsonaki
- MRC Population Health Research Unit, Clinical Trials Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Sukanta Kamila
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Keiran Logan
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Mark A Taylor
- Department of HPB Surgery, Mater Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland BT14 6AB, UK
| | - Anthony P McHale
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland BT52 1SA, UK
| | - John F Callan
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Eleanor Stride
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Katherine A Vallis
- Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.
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2
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Hill C, Grundy M, Bau L, Wallington S, Balkaran J, Ramos V, Fisher K, Seymour L, Coussios C, Carlisle R. Polymer stealthing and mucin-1 retargeting for enhanced pharmacokinetics of an oncolytic vaccinia virus. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2021; 21:47-61. [PMID: 33869742 PMCID: PMC8026752 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2021.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccinia virus (VV) is a powerful tool for cancer treatment with the potential for tumor tropism, efficient cell-to-cell spread, rapid replication in cancer cells, and stimulation of anti-tumor immunity. It has a well-defined safety profile and is being assessed in late-stage clinical trials. However, VV clinical utility is limited by rapid bloodstream neutralization and poor penetration into tumors. These factors have often restricted its route of delivery to intratumoral or intrahepatic artery injection and may impede repeat dosing. Chemical stealthing improves the pharmacokinetics of non-enveloped viruses, but it has not yet been applied to enveloped viruses such as VV. In the present study, amphiphilic polymer was used to coat VV, leading to reduced binding of a neutralizing anti-VV antibody (81.8% of polymer-coated VV [PCVV] staining positive versus 97.1% of VV [p = 0.0038]). Attachment of anti-mucin-1 (aMUC1) targeting antibody, to give aMUC1-PCVV, enabled binding of the construct to MUC1. In high MUC1 expressing CAPAN-2 cells, infection with PCVV was reduced compared to VV, while infection was restored with aMUC1-PCVV. Pharmacokinetics of aMUC1-PCVV, PCVV, and VV were evaluated. After intravenous (i.v.) injection of 1 × 108 viral genomes (VG) or 5 × 108 VG, circulation time for PCVV and aMUC1-PCVV was increased, with ~5-fold higher circulating dose at 5 min versus VV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Hill
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Megan Grundy
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Luca Bau
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Sheena Wallington
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Joel Balkaran
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Victor Ramos
- Grup d’Enginyeria de Materials, Institut Quimic de Sarria, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kerry Fisher
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Len Seymour
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Constantin Coussios
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Robert Carlisle
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
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Kersemans V, Wallington S, Allen PD, Gilchrist S, Kinchesh P, Browning R, Vallis KA, Schilling K, Holdship P, Stork LA, Smart S. Manganese-free chow, a refined non-invasive solution to reduce gastrointestinal signal for T 1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the mouse abdomen. Lab Anim 2020; 54:353-364. [PMID: 31526094 PMCID: PMC7425378 DOI: 10.1177/0023677219869363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Commercial mouse chow is designed to provide a complete, nutrient-rich diet, and it can contain upwards of 100 mg/kg manganese, an essential mineral. Manganese acts as a relaxation time-shortening contrast agent for both T1 and T2, and where standard chow is hydrated in the gastrointestinal tract, bright signals are produced when using T1-weighted imaging (T1WI). As a result of peristalsis, gastrointestinal hyperintensities result in temporally unstable signals, leading to image ghosting and decreased resolution from that prescribed. To avoid the problem, various methods of gastrointestinal tract modulation, including the use of intestinal cleansing with laxatives and dietary modulation, have been reported. Here, dietary modulation has been extended to the use of a biologically innocuous, long-term change of diet. In this study, we report on the use of a commercially available manganese-free chow to improve the image quality of the gastrointestinal tract. This manganese-free chow, apart from the omitted manganese which is available in tap water, is a complete diet and readily available. We investigated the time-dependent, diet-related gastrointestinal intensities on short-TR T1WI magnetic resonance imaging; monitored body mass, food and water consumption and standard blood biochemistry analysis following diet change; and determined manganese concentration in blood plasma following a five-day change to manganese-free chow. We show that the manganese-free chow presents a refinement to other gastrointestinal tract modulation, as it avoids the need for invasive procedures for gut voiding and can be provided ad libitum so that animals can be maintained with no need for prescribed diet change before imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerle Kersemans
- Cancer Research UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sheena Wallington
- Cancer Research UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Philip D Allen
- Cancer Research UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stuart Gilchrist
- Cancer Research UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul Kinchesh
- Cancer Research UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Richard Browning
- Cancer Research UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Katherine A Vallis
- Cancer Research UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Phil Holdship
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lee-Anne Stork
- Cancer Research UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sean Smart
- Cancer Research UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Owen J, Thomas E, Menon J, Gray M, Skaripa-Koukelli I, Gill MR, Wallington S, Miller RL, Vallis KA, Carlisle R. Indium-111 labelling of liposomal HEGF for radionuclide delivery via ultrasound-induced cavitation. J Control Release 2020; 319:222-233. [PMID: 31891732 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this exploratory study was to investigate the combination of a radiopharmaceutical, nanoparticles and ultrasound (US) enhanced delivery to develop a clinically viable therapeutic strategy for tumours overexpressing the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Molecularly targeted radionuclides have great potential for cancer therapy but are sometimes associated with insufficient delivery resulting in sub-cytotoxic amounts of radioactivity being delivered to the tumour. Liposome formulations are currently used in the clinic to reduce the side effects and improve the pharmacokinetic profile of chemotherapeutic drugs. However, in contrast to non-radioactive agents, loading and release of radiotherapeutics from liposomes can be challenging in the clinical setting. US-activated cavitation agents such as microbubbles (MBs) have been used to release therapeutics from liposomes to enhance the distribution/delivery in a target area. In an effort to harness the benefits of these techniques, the development of a liposome loaded radiopharmaceutical construct for enhanced delivery via acoustic cavitation was studied. The liposomal formulation was loaded with peptide, human epidermal growth factor (HEGF), coupled to a chelator for subsequent radiolabelling with 111Indium ([111In]In3+), in a manner designed to be compatible with preparation in a radiopharmacy. Liposomes were efficiently radiolabelled (57%) within 1 h, with release of ~12% of the radiopeptide following a 20 s exposure to US-mediated cavitation in vitro. In clonogenic studies this level of release resulted in cytotoxicity specifically in cells over-expressing the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), with over 99% reduction in colony survival compared to controls. The formulation extended the circulation time and changed the biodistribution compared to the non-liposomal radiopeptide in vivo, although interestingly the biodistribution did not resemble that of liposome constructs currently used in the clinic. Cavitation of MBs co-injected with liposomes into tumours expressing high levels of EGFR resulted in a 2-fold enhancement in tumour uptake within 20 min. However, owing to the poor vascularisation of the tumour model used the same level of uptake was achieved without US after 24 h. By combining acoustic-cavitation-sensitive liposomes with radiopharmaceuticals this research represents a new concept in achieving targeted delivery of radiopharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Owen
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.
| | - Eloise Thomas
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Jyothi Menon
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK; College of Pharmacy, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Michael Gray
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Irini Skaripa-Koukelli
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Martin R Gill
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Sheena Wallington
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Rebecca L Miller
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Katherine A Vallis
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Robert Carlisle
- Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
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5
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Thomas E, Menon JU, Owen J, Skaripa-Koukelli I, Wallington S, Gray M, Mannaris C, Kersemans V, Allen D, Kinchesh P, Smart S, Carlisle R, Vallis KA. Ultrasound-mediated cavitation enhances the delivery of an EGFR-targeting liposomal formulation designed for chemo-radionuclide therapy. Theranostics 2019; 9:5595-5609. [PMID: 31534505 PMCID: PMC6735398 DOI: 10.7150/thno.34669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomedicines allow active targeting of cancer for diagnostic and therapeutic applications through incorporation of multiple functional components. Frequently, however, clinical translation is hindered by poor intratumoural delivery and distribution. The application of physical stimuli to promote tumour uptake is a viable route to overcome this limitation. In this study, ultrasound-mediated cavitation of microbubbles was investigated as a mean of enhancing the delivery of a liposome designed for chemo-radionuclide therapy targeted to EGFR overexpressing cancer. Method: Liposomes (111In-EGF-LP-Dox) were prepared by encapsulation of doxorubicin (Dox) and surface functionalisation with Indium-111 tagged epidermal growth factor. Human breast cancer cell lines with high and low EGFR expression (MDA-MB-468 and MCF7 respectively) were used to study selectivity of liposomal uptake, subcellular localisation of drug payload, cytotoxicity and DNA damage. Liposome extravasation following ultrasound-induced cavitation of microbubbles (SonoVue®) was studied using a tissue-mimicking phantom. In vivo stability, pharmacokinetic profile and biodistribution were evaluated following intravenous administration of 111In-labelled, EGF-functionalised liposomes to mice bearing subcutaneous MDA-MB-468 xenografts. Finally, the influence of ultrasound-mediated cavitation on the delivery of liposomes into tumours was studied. Results: Liposomes were loaded efficiently with Dox, surface decorated with 111In-EGF and showed selective uptake in MDA-MB-468 cells compared to MCF7. Following binding to EGFR, Dox was released into the intracellular space and 111In-EGF shuttled to the cell nucleus. DNA damage and cell kill were higher in MDA-MB-468 than MCF7 cells. Moreover, Dox and 111In were shown to have an additive cytotoxic effect in MDA-MB-468 cells. US-mediated cavitation increased the extravasation of liposomes in an in vitro gel phantom model. In vivo, the application of ultrasound with microbubbles increased tumour uptake by 66% (p<0.05) despite poor vascularisation of MDA-MB-468 xenografts (as shown by DCE-MRI). Conclusion: 111In-EGF-LP-Dox designed for concurrent chemo-radionuclide therapy showed specificity for and cytotoxicity towards EGFR-overexpressing cancer cells. Delivery to tumours was enhanced by the use of ultrasound-mediated cavitation indicating that this approach has the potential to deliver cytotoxic levels of therapeutic radionuclide to solid tumours.
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Kersemans V, Gilchrist S, Wallington S, Allen PD, Gomes AL, Dias GM, Cornelissen B, Kinchesh P, Smart SC. A Carbon-Fiber Sheet Resistor for MR-, CT-, SPECT-, and PET-Compatible Temperature Maintenance in Small Animals. Tomography 2019; 5:274-281. [PMID: 31245549 PMCID: PMC6588203 DOI: 10.18383/j.tom.2019.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A magnetic resonance (MR)-, computed tomography (CT)-, single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)-, and positron emission tomography (PET)-compatible carbon-fiber sheet resistor for temperature maintenance in small animals where space limitations prevent the use of circulating fluids was developed. A 250 Ω carbon-fiber sheet resistor was mounted to the underside of an imaging cradle. Alternating current, operating at 99 kHz, and with a power of 1-2 W, was applied to the resistor providing a cradle base temperature of ∼37°C. Temperature control was implemented with a proportional-integral-derivative controller, and temperature maintenance was demonstrated in 4 mice positioned in both MR and PET/SPECT/CT scanners. MR and CT compatibility were also shown, and multimodal MR-CT-PET-SPECT imaging of the mouse abdomen was performed in vivo. Core temperature was maintained at 35.5°C ± 0.2°C. No line-shape, frequency, or image distortions attributable to the current flow through the heater were observed on MR. Upon CT imaging, no heater-related artifacts were observed when carbon-fiber was used. Multimodal imaging was performed and images could be easily coregistered, displayed, analyzed, and presented. Carbon fiber sheet resistors powered with high-frequency alternating current allow homeothermic maintenance that is compatible with multimodal imaging. The heater is small, and it is easy to produce and integrate into multimodal imaging cradles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerle Kersemans
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stuart Gilchrist
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sheena Wallington
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Philip D Allen
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ana L Gomes
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gemma M Dias
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Bart Cornelissen
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul Kinchesh
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sean C Smart
- Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Wilson TC, Xavier MA, Knight J, Verhoog S, Torres JB, Mosley M, Hopkins SL, Wallington S, Allen PD, Kersemans V, Hueting R, Smart S, Gouverneur V, Cornelissen B. PET Imaging of PARP Expression Using 18F-Olaparib. J Nucl Med 2019; 60:504-510. [PMID: 30389822 PMCID: PMC6448459 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.118.213223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors are increasingly being studied as cancer drugs, as single agents, or as a part of combination therapies. Imaging of PARP using a radiolabeled inhibitor has been proposed for patient selection, outcome prediction, dose optimization, genotoxic therapy evaluation, and target engagement imaging of novel PARP-targeting agents. Methods: Here, via the copper-mediated 18F-radiofluorination of aryl boronic esters, we accessed, for the first time (to our knowledge), the 18F-radiolabeled isotopolog of the Food and Drug Administration-approved PARP inhibitor olaparib. The use of the 18F-labeled equivalent of olaparib allows direct prediction of the distribution of olaparib, given its exact structural likeness to the native, nonradiolabeled drug. Results:18F-olaparib was taken up selectively in vitro in PARP-1-expressing cells. Irradiation increased PARP-1 expression and 18F-olaparib uptake in a radiation-dose-dependent fashion. PET imaging in mice showed specific uptake of 18F-olaparib in tumors expressing PARP-1 (3.2% ± 0.36% of the injected dose per gram of tissue in PSN-1 xenografts), correlating linearly with PARP-1 expression. Two hours after irradiation of the tumor (10 Gy), uptake of 18F-olaparib increased by 70% (P = 0.025). Conclusion: Taken together, we show that 18F-olaparib has great potential for noninvasive tumor imaging and monitoring of radiation damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; and
| | - Mary-Ann Xavier
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - James Knight
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Verhoog
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; and
| | - Julia Baguña Torres
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Mosley
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Samantha L. Hopkins
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sheena Wallington
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Phillip D. Allen
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Veerle Kersemans
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rebekka Hueting
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sean Smart
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Bart Cornelissen
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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8
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Abstract
To investigate primitive drive-dominated thinking in schizophrenic disorders and sociopathic behavior, responses on the Rorschach and other personality tests of 171 acute psychiatric patients were assessed using Holt's system. Results suggested that: (a) Acute schizophrenics were high on primitive drive content, but this was also characteristic of some nonschizophrenics, and other types of disturbed thinking were even more prominent in schizophrenics. (b) There were no significant differences between process and reactive schizophrenics in expression of primitive drive content. (c) Males showed more drive-dominated thinking than females (p less than .10), although sex was not a powerful variable. (d) Depressives showed less drived-dominated thinking than nondepressive (p less than .05). (e) Patients high on sociopathic or rule-breaking behavior tended to show more primitive drive-dominated thinking (p less than .01).
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