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Littrup PJ, Mehrmohammadi M, Duric N. Breast Tomographic Ultrasound: The Spectrum from Current Dense Breast Cancer Screenings to Future Theranostic Treatments. Tomography 2024; 10:554-573. [PMID: 38668401 PMCID: PMC11053617 DOI: 10.3390/tomography10040044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
This review provides unique insights to the scientific scope and clinical visions of the inventors and pioneers of the SoftVue breast tomographic ultrasound (BTUS). Their >20-year collaboration produced extensive basic research and technology developments, culminating in SoftVue, which recently received the Food and Drug Administration's approval as an adjunct to breast cancer screening in women with dense breasts. SoftVue's multi-center trial confirmed the diagnostic goals of the tissue characterization and localization of quantitative acoustic tissue differences in 2D and 3D coronal image sequences. SoftVue mass characterizations are also reviewed within the standard cancer risk categories of the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System. As a quantitative diagnostic modality, SoftVue can also function as a cost-effective platform for artificial intelligence-assisted breast cancer identification. Finally, SoftVue's quantitative acoustic maps facilitate noninvasive temperature monitoring and a unique form of time-reversed, focused US in a single theranostic device that actually focuses acoustic energy better within the highly scattering breast tissues, allowing for localized hyperthermia, drug delivery, and/or ablation. Women also prefer the comfort of SoftVue over mammograms and will continue to seek out less-invasive breast care, from diagnosis to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Littrup
- Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (M.M.); (N.D.)
- Delphinus Medical Technologies, Inc., Novi, MI 48374, USA
| | - Mohammad Mehrmohammadi
- Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (M.M.); (N.D.)
| | - Nebojsa Duric
- Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (M.M.); (N.D.)
- Delphinus Medical Technologies, Inc., Novi, MI 48374, USA
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2
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A Cost-Effective Reusable Tissue Mimicking Phantom for High Intensity Focused Ultrasonic Liver Surgery. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:bioengineering9120786. [PMID: 36550992 PMCID: PMC9774244 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9120786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A polyacrylamide polysaccharide hydrogel (PASG) containing a nonionic surfactant of the polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ethers series (NP14) has been adapted to the fabrication of a reusable cost-effective ultrasonic tissue-mimicking phantom for real-time visualization of the thermal lesions by high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) irradiation. The constructed NP14 (40% in w/v) PASG is optically transparent at room temperatures, and it turns out to be opaque white as heated over the clouding points of about 55 °C and returns to its original transparent state after cooling. The acoustic property of the proposed phantom is similar to those of human liver tissues, which includes the acoustic impedance of 1.68 Mrayls, the speed of sound of 1595 ± 5 m/s, the attenuation coefficient of 0.52 ± 0.05 dB cm-1 (at 1 MHz), the backscatter coefficient of 0.21 ± 0.09 × 10-3 sr-1 cm-1 (at 1 MHz), and the nonlinear parameter B/A of 6.4 ± 0.2. The NP14-PASG was tested to assess the characteristic information (sizes, shapes, and locations) of the thermal lesions visualized when exposed to typical HIFU fields (1.1 MHz, focal pressure up to 20.1 MPa, focal intensity 4075 W/cm2). The proposed NP14-PASG is expected to replace the existing costly BSA-PASG used for more effective testing of the performance of therapeutic ultrasonic devices based on thermal mechanisms.
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Qu X, Azuma T, Takagi S. Localized motion imaging for monitoring HIFU therapy: Comparison of modulating frequencies and utilization of square modulating wave. ULTRASONICS 2022; 120:106658. [PMID: 34922218 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2021.106658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has been successfully used as a minimally invasive cancer therapy method. For monitoring the therapy, the amplitude-modulated (AM) localized motion imaging (LMI) method had been proposed. This paper compares the performance of AM-LMI while using different sine modulating wave frequencies and proposes the utilization of square modulating waves to gain the advantages of both high and low modulating frequencies. A single element therapy transducer with a 2 MHz central frequency was driven by sine modulating waves with different frequencies (approximate 34, 67, 102, 168, and 201 Hz) and by square modulating waves with two frequencies (34 and 67 Hz). An imaging probe with a 5 MHz central frequency and a 20 MHz sampling frequency was mounted in the center hole of the therapy transducer to acquire pulse-echo data, which were used to estimate the tissue oscillation amplitude induced by the acoustic radiation force of the HIFU beam. The decrease ratio of the oscillation amount was then utilized to estimate the coagulated lesion length during the therapy. The comparison of modulating frequencies demonstrated that a higher frequency could bring higher sensitivity to small lesions, while a lower frequency not only gives greater noise robustness but also promotes the ability to estimate lengths of larger lesions. The utilization of a square modulating wave demonstrated its utility to produce tissue oscillation with multiple frequencies and gain the advantages of both high and low modulating frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Qu
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronics Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
| | - Takashi Azuma
- Graduate School of Engineering, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shu Takagi
- Graduate School of Engineering, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Sanchez M, Barrere V, Treilleux I, Chopin N, Melodelima D. Development of a noninvasive HIFU treatment for breast adenocarcinomas using a toroidal transducer based on preliminary attenuation measurements. ULTRASONICS 2021; 115:106459. [PMID: 33990009 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2021.106459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed type of cancer among women. For the last fifteen years, treatments that are less invasive than lumpectomy, such as high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) therapy, have been developed, with encouraging results. In this study, a toroidal HIFU transducer was used to create lesions of at least 2 cm in diameter within less than one minute of treatment. The toroidal HIFU transducer created two focal zones that led to large, fast and homogeneous ablations (10.5 cc/min). The experiments were conducted in 30 human samples of normal breast tissues recovered from mastectomies to measure acoustic attenuation (N = 30), and then, HIFU lesions were created (N = 15). Eight HIFU ablations were performed to evaluate the reproducibility of the lesions. HIFU lesions were created in 45 s with a toroidal HIFU transducer working at 2.5 MHz. The longest and shortest axes of the HIFU lesions were 21.7 ± 3.1 mm and 23.5 ± 3.3 mm respectively, corresponding to an average volume of 7.3 ± 1.4 cm3. These HIFU lesions were performed at an average depth of 19.0 ± 1.5 mm, while the integrity of the skin was preserved. The HIFU-treated breast tissues had a higher level of attenuation (0.57 ± 0.11 Np.cm-1.MHz-1) when compared to the untreated tissues (0.21 ± 0.04 Np.cm-1.MHz-1). This study shows the feasibility of a fast and fully noninvasive treatment using a toroidal transducer for breast tumors measuring up to 15 mm in diameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sanchez
- LabTAU, INSERM, Centre Léon Bérard, Université Lyon 1, Univ Lyon, F-69003 Lyon, France
| | - V Barrere
- LabTAU, INSERM, Centre Léon Bérard, Université Lyon 1, Univ Lyon, F-69003 Lyon, France
| | | | - N Chopin
- Centre Léon Bérard, F-69008 Lyon, France
| | - D Melodelima
- LabTAU, INSERM, Centre Léon Bérard, Université Lyon 1, Univ Lyon, F-69003 Lyon, France.
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5
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Barnat N, Grisey A, Gerold B, Yon S, Anquez J, Aubry JF. Vein wall shrinkage induced by thermal coagulation with high-intensity-focused ultrasound: numerical modeling and in vivo experiments in sheep. Int J Hyperthermia 2021; 37:1238-1247. [PMID: 33164625 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2020.1834626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Varicose veins are a common disease that may significantly affect quality of life. Different approaches are currently used in clinical practice to treat this pathology. MATERIALS AND METHODS In thermal therapy (radiofrequency or laser therapy), the vein is directly heated to a high temperature to induce vein wall coagulation, and the heat induces denaturation of the intramural collagen, which results macroscopically in vein shrinkage. Thermal vein shrinkage is a physical indicator of the efficiency of endovenous treatment. High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a noninvasive technique that can thermally coagulate vein walls and induce vein shrinkage. In this study, we evaluated the vein shrinkage induced in vivo by extracorporeal HIFU ablation of sheep veins: six lateral saphenous veins (3.4mm mean diameter) were sonicated for 8 s with 3MHz continuous waves. Ultrasound imaging was performed before and immediately post-HIFU to quantify the HIFU-induced shrinkage. RESULTS Luminal constriction was observed in 100% (6/6) of the treated veins. The immediate findings showed a mean diameter constriction of 53%. The experimental HIFU-induced shrinkage data were used to validate a numerical model developed to predict the thermally induced vein contraction during HIFU treatment. CONCLUSIONS This model is based on the use of the k-wave library and published contraction rates of vessels immersed in hot water baths. The simulation results agreed well with those of in vivo experiments, showing a mean percent difference of 5%. The numerical model could thus be a valuable tool for optimizing ultrasound parameters as functions of the vein diameter, and future clinical trials are anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrine Barnat
- Physics for Medicine Paris, Inserm, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL Research University, Paris, France.,Theraclion, Malakoff, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Jean-François Aubry
- Physics for Medicine Paris, Inserm, ESPCI Paris, CNRS, PSL Research University, Paris, France
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Panfilova A, van Sloun RJG, Wijkstra H, Sapozhnikov OA, Mischi M. A review on B/A measurement methods with a clinical perspective. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2021; 149:2200. [PMID: 33940890 DOI: 10.1121/10.0003627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The nonlinear parameter of ultrasound B/A has shown to be a useful diagnostic parameter, reflecting medium content, structure, and temperature. Despite its recognized values, B/A is not yet used as a diagnostic tool in the clinic due to the limitations of current measurement and imaging techniques. This review presents an extensive and comprehensive overview of the techniques developed for B/A measurement of liquid and liquid-like media (e.g., tissue), identifying the methods that are most promising from a clinical perspective. This work summarizes the progress made in the field and the typical challenges on the way to B/A estimation. Limitations and problems with the current techniques are identified, suggesting directions that may lead to further improvement. Since the basic theory of the physics behind the measurement strategies is presented, it is also suited for a reader who is new to nonlinear ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Panfilova
- Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 35612 AE, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud J G van Sloun
- Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 35612 AE, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Hessel Wijkstra
- Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 35612 AE, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Oleg A Sapozhnikov
- Department of Acoustics, Physics Faculty, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Massimo Mischi
- Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 35612 AE, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Heo J, Biswas D, Park KK, Son D, Park HJ, Baac HW. Laser-generated focused ultrasound transducer using a perforated photoacoustic lens for tissue characterization. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:1375-1390. [PMID: 33796360 PMCID: PMC7984797 DOI: 10.1364/boe.416884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a laser-generated focused ultrasound (LGFU) transducer using a perforated-photoacoustic (PA) lens and a piezoelectric probe hydrophone suitable for high-frequency ultrasound tissue characterization. The perforated-PA lens employed a centrally located hydrophone to achieve a maximum directional response at 0° from the axial direction of the lens. Under pulsed laser irradiation, the lens produced LGFU pulses with a frequency bandwidth of 6-30 MHz and high-peak pressure amplitudes of up to 46.5 MPa at a 70-µm lateral focal width. Since the hydrophone capable of covering the transmitter frequency range (∼20 MHz) was integrated with the lens, this hybrid transducer differentiated tissue elasticity by generating and detecting high-frequency ultrasound signals. Backscattered (BS) waves from excised tissues (bone, skin, muscle, and fat) were measured and also confirmed by laser-flash shadowgraphy. We characterized the LGFU-BS signals in terms of mean frequency and spectral energy in the frequency domain, enabling to clearly differentiate tissue types. Tissue characterization was also performed with respect to the LGFU penetration depth (from the surface, 1-, and 2-mm depth). Despite acoustic attenuation over the penetration depth, LGFU-BS characterization shows consistent results that can differentiate the elastic properties of tissues. We expect that the proposed transducer can be utilized for other tissue types and also for non-destructive evaluation based on the elasticity of unknown materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongmin Heo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- These authors equally contributed to this work
| | - Deblina Biswas
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- These authors equally contributed to this work
| | - Kyu Kwan Park
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghee Son
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hui Joon Park
- Department of Organic and Nano Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Human-Tech Convergence Program, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Won Baac
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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8
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Dong H, Liu G, Tong X. Influence of temperature-dependent acoustic and thermal parameters and nonlinear harmonics on the prediction of thermal lesion under HIFU ablation. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2021; 18:1340-1351. [PMID: 33757188 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2021070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
According to the traditional method of high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) treatment, the acoustic and thermal characteristic parameters of constant temperature (room temperature or body temperature) are used to predict thermal lesion. Based on the nonlinear spherical beam equation (SBE) and Pennes bio-heat transfer equation, and a new acoustic-thermal coupled model is proposed. The constant and temperature-dependent acoustic and thermal characteristic parameters are used to predict thermal lesion, and the predicted lesion area are compared with each other. Moreover, the relationship between harmonic amplitude ratio (P2/P1) and thermal lesion is studied. Combined with the known experimental data of acoustic and thermal characteristic parameters of biological tissue and data fitting method, the relationship between acoustic and thermal characteristic parameters and temperature is obtained; and the thermal lesion simulation calculation is carried out by using the acoustic and thermal characteristic parameters under constant temperature and temperature- dependent acoustic and thermal characteristic parameters, respectively. The simulation results show that under the same irradiation condition, the thermal lesion predicted by temperature-dependent acoustic and thermal characteristic parameters is larger than that predicted by traditional method, and the thermal lesion increases with the decrease of harmonic amplitude ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Dong
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Changsha Normal University, Changsha 410100, China
| | - Gang Liu
- School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Xin Tong
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Changsha Normal University, Changsha 410100, China
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Barrere V, Melodelima D, Catheline S, Giammarinaro B. Imaging of Thermal Effects during High-Intensity Ultrasound Treatment in Liver by Passive Elastography: A Preliminary Feasibility in Vitro Study. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2020; 46:1968-1977. [PMID: 32493631 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2020.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
High-intensity focused ultrasound is a non-invasive modality for thermal ablation of tissues through locally increased temperature. Thermal lesions can be monitored by elastography, following the changes in the elastic properties of the tissue as reflected by the shear-wave velocity. Most studies on ultrasound elastography use shear waves created by acoustic radiation force. However, in the human body, the natural noise resulting from cardiac activity or arterial pulsatility can be used to characterize elasticity through noise-correlation techniques, in the method known as passive elastography. The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of monitoring high-intensity ultrasound treatments of liver tissue using passive elastography. Bovine livers were heated to 80°C using a high-intensity planar transducer and imaged with a high-frame-rate ultrasound imaging device. The dynamics of lesion formation are captured through tissue stiffening and lesion expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Barrere
- LabTAU, INSERM, Centre Léon Bérard, Université Lyon 1, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - David Melodelima
- LabTAU, INSERM, Centre Léon Bérard, Université Lyon 1, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Stefan Catheline
- LabTAU, INSERM, Centre Léon Bérard, Université Lyon 1, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France.
| | - Bruno Giammarinaro
- LabTAU, INSERM, Centre Léon Bérard, Université Lyon 1, Univ Lyon, Lyon, France
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10
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Guntur SR, Choi MJ. Temperature Dependence of Tissue Thermal Parameters Should Be Considered in the Thermal Lesion Prediction in High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Surgery. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2020; 46:1001-1014. [PMID: 31983483 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2019.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study considers the temperature-dependent thermal parameters (specific heat capacity, thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity) used when predicting the temperature rise of tissue exposed to high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU). Numerical analysis was performed using the Khokhlov-Zabolotskaya-Kuznetsov equation coupled with a bioheat transfer function. The thermal parameters were set as the functions of temperature using experimental data. The results revealed that, for liver tissue exposed to HIFU with a focal intensity of 3000 W/cm2 for 10 s, the predicted focal temperature rise was 23% lower and the thermal lesion area 41% smaller than those predicted without considering the temperature dependence. The prediction was validated by experimental observations on thermal lesions visualized in a tissue-mimicking phantom. The present results suggest that temperature-dependent thermal parameters should be considered in the prediction of HIFU-induced temperature rise to avoid lowering ultrasonic output settings for HIFU surgery. The aim of the present study was to investigate how significantly the temperature dependence of the thermal parameters affects the thermal dose imposed on the tissue by a typical clinical HIFU device. A numerical simulation was performed using a thermo-acoustic algorithm coupling the non-linear Khokhlov-Zabolotskaya-Kuznetsov (KZK) equation (Meaney et al. 1998; Filonenko and Khokhlova 2001) and a bio-heat transfer (BHT) equation (Pennes 1948). Thermal parameters of liver tissue were modeled in the present study as functions of temperature and were incorporated into the BHT equation to compensate for the variations in thermal parameters with temperature. Experimental validation was achieved by comparing the predictions with the thermal lesions formed in the tissue-mimicking phantoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitaramanjaneya Reddy Guntur
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology and Research, Vadlamudi, Guntur, India
| | - Min Joo Choi
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Kvam J, Solberg S, Myhre OF, Rodriguez-Molares A, Angelsen BAJ. Nonlinear bulk elasticity imaging using dual frequency ultrasound. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2019; 146:2492. [PMID: 31671951 DOI: 10.1121/1.5129120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The nonlinear acoustic bulk properties of tissue, e.g., the coefficient of nonlinearity, βn, or the nonlinear bulk elasticity, βp=βnκ0, have been shown to be promising parameters for tissue characterization due to their sensitivity to tissue structure. Previously developed methods for imaging these parameters using single frequency ultrasound have shown success in a laboratory setting using the transmission mode. In the pulse-echo mode, however, unknown absorption, diffraction, and speckle produce unreliable estimates and instability, causing these methods to have achieved no clinical relevance. In this paper, a pulse-echo method for measurement of the nonlinear bulk elasticity is presented using a dual frequency approach. The method is less sensitive to diffraction and absorption due to a separate low frequency manipulation wave. The technique is tested in both simulations and in vitro in a heterogeneous phantom with two regions of different nonlinear properties. Both in simulations and in vitro, a spatial βp map is produced where the two regions are clearly distinguished. In addition, the quantitative estimates of βp obtained are close to the expected values, making the method a promising first step toward in vivo imaging of nonlinear bulk properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Kvam
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, 7030, Norway
| | - Stian Solberg
- SURF Technology AS, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 8905, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ola F Myhre
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, 7030, Norway
| | - Alfonso Rodriguez-Molares
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, 7030, Norway
| | - Bjørn A J Angelsen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, 7030, Norway
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Pahk KJ, de Andrade MO, Gélat P, Kim H, Saffari N. Mechanical damage induced by the appearance of rectified bubble growth in a viscoelastic medium during boiling histotripsy exposure. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2019; 53:164-177. [PMID: 30686603 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In boiling histotripsy, the presence of a boiling vapour bubble and understanding of its dynamic behaviour are crucially important for the initiation of the tissue fractionation process and for the control of the size of a lesion produced. Whilst many in vivo studies have shown the feasibility of using boiling histotripsy in mechanical fractionation of solid tumours, not much is known about the evolution of a boiling vapour bubble in soft tissue induced by boiling histotripsy. The main objective of this present study is therefore to investigate the formation and dynamic behaviour of a boiling vapour bubble which occurs under boiling histotripsy insonation. Numerical and experimental studies on the bubble dynamics induced in optically transparent tissue-mimicking gel phantoms exposed to the field of a 2.0 MHz High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) transducer were performed with a high speed camera. The Gilmore-Zener bubble model coupled with the Khokhlov-Zabolotskaya-Kuznetsov and the Bio-heat Transfer equations was used to simulate bubble dynamics driven by boiling histotripsy waveforms (nonlinear-shocked wave excitation) in a viscoelastic medium as functions of surrounding temperature and of tissue elasticity variations. In vivo animal experiments were also conducted to examine cellular structures around a freshly created lesion in the liver resulting from boiling histotripsy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study reporting the numerical and experimental evidence of the appearance of rectified bubble growth in a viscoelastic medium. Accounting for tissue phantom elasticity adds a mechanical constraint on vapour bubble growth, which improves the agreement between the simulation and the experimental results. In addition the numerical calculations showed that the asymmetry in a shockwave and water vapour transport can result in rectified bubble growth which could be responsible for HIFU-induced tissue decellularisation. Strain on liver tissue induced by this radial motion can damage liver tissue while preserving blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Joo Pahk
- Center for Bionics, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.
| | | | - Pierre Gélat
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College Londo, London WC1E 7JE, UK.
| | - Hyungmin Kim
- Center for Bionics, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.
| | - Nader Saffari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College Londo, London WC1E 7JE, UK.
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Kvam J, Holm S, Angelsen BAJ. Exploiting Ballou's rule for better tissue classification. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2019; 145:2103. [PMID: 31046352 DOI: 10.1121/1.5096533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound tissue characterization based on the coefficient of nonlinearity, βn = 1 + B/2A, has been demonstrated to produce added diagnostic value due to its large variation and sensitivity to tissue structure. However, the parameter has been observed to be significantly correlated to the speed of sound and density. These relationships are analyzed empirically as well as theoretically by developing a pressure-density relation based on a thermodynamic model and the Mie intermolecular potential. The results indicate that for many soft tissues, the coefficient of nonlinearity is largely determined by the isentropic compressibility, κs. Consequently, for tissue characterization, estimating the nonlinear response of the medium, given by βp = βnκs, appears to be beneficial due to correlated quantities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Kvam
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 8905, N-7489, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sverre Holm
- Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1080, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørn A J Angelsen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 8905, N-7489, Trondheim, Norway
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Barnat N, Grisey A, Lecuelle B, Anquez J, Gerold B, Yon S, Aubry JF. Noninvasive vascular occlusion with HIFU for venous insufficiency treatment: preclinical feasibility experience in rabbits. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 64:025003. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aaf58d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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15
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Pahk KJ, Gélat P, Kim H, Saffari N. Bubble dynamics in boiling histotripsy. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2018; 44:2673-2696. [PMID: 30228043 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2018.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Boiling histotripsy is a non-invasive, cavitation-based ultrasonic technique which uses a number of millisecond pulses to mechanically fractionate tissue. Though a number of studies have demonstrated the efficacy of boiling histotripsy for fractionation of solid tumours, treatment monitoring by cavitation measurement is not well studied because of the limited understanding of the dynamics of bubbles induced by boiling histotripsy. The main objectives of this work are to (a) extract qualitative and quantitative features of bubbles excited by shockwaves and (b) distinguish between the different types of cavitation activity for either a thermally or a mechanically induced lesion in the liver. A numerical bubble model based on the Gilmore equation accounting for heat and mass transfer (gas and water vapour) was developed to investigate the dynamics of a single bubble in tissue exposed to different High Intensity Focused Ultrasound fields as a function of temperature variation in the fluid. Furthermore, ex vivo liver experiments were performed with a passive cavitation detection system to obtain acoustic emissions. The numerical simulations showed that the asymmetry in a shockwave and water vapour transport are the key parameters which lead the bubble to undergo rectified growth at a boiling temperature of 100°C. The onset of rectified radial bubble motion manifested itself as (a) an increase in the radiated pressure and (b) the sudden appearance of higher order multiple harmonics in the corresponding spectrogram. Examining the frequency spectra produced by the thermal ablation and the boiling histotripsy exposures, it was observed that higher order multiple harmonics as well as higher levels of broadband emissions occurred during the boiling histotripsy insonation. These unique features in the emitted acoustic signals were consistent with the experimental measurements. These features can, therefore, be used to monitor (a) the different types of acoustic cavitation activity for either a thermal ablation or a mechanical fractionation process and (b) the onset of the formation of a boiling bubble at the focus in the course of HIFU exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Joo Pahk
- Center for Bionics, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Pierre Gélat
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Hyungmin Kim
- Center for Bionics, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Nader Saffari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK.
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16
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The Influence of Dynamic Tissue Properties on HIFU Hyperthermia: A Numerical Simulation Study. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8101933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Accurate temperature and thermal dose prediction are crucial to high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) hyperthermia, which has been used successfully for the non-invasive treatment of solid tumors. For the conventional method of prediction, the tissue properties are usually set as constants. However, the temperature rise induced by HIFU irradiation in tissues will cause changes in the tissue properties that in turn affect the acoustic and temperature field. Herein, an acoustic–thermal coupling model is presented to predict the temperature and thermal damage zone in tissue in terms of the Westervelt equation and Pennes bioheat transfer equation, and the individual influence of each dynamic tissue property and the joint effect of all of the dynamic tissue properties are studied. The simulation results show that the dynamic acoustic absorption coefficient has the greatest influence on the temperature and thermal damage zone among all of the individual dynamic tissue properties. In addition, compared with the conventional method, the dynamic acoustic absorption coefficient leads to a higher focal temperature and a larger thermal damage zone; on the contrary, the dynamic blood perfusion leads to a lower focal temperature and a smaller thermal damage zone. Moreover, the conventional method underestimates the focal temperature and the thermal damage zone, compared with the simulation that was performed using all of the dynamic tissue properties. The results of this study will be helpful to guide the doctors to develop more accurate clinical protocols for HIFU treatment planning.
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17
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Johnson SL, Christensen DA, Dillon CR, Payne A. Validation of hybrid angular spectrum acoustic and thermal modelling in phantoms. Int J Hyperthermia 2018; 35:578-590. [PMID: 30320518 PMCID: PMC6365205 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2018.1513168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In focused ultrasound (FUS) thermal ablation of diseased tissue, acoustic beam and thermal simulations enable treatment planning and optimization. In this study, a treatment-planning methodology that uses the hybrid angular spectrum (HAS) method and the Pennes' bioheat equation (PBHE) is experimentally validated in homogeneous tissue-mimicking phantoms. Simulated three-dimensional temperature profiles are compared to volumetric MR thermometry imaging (MRTI) of FUS sonications in the phantoms, whose acoustic and thermal properties are independently measured. Additionally, Monte Carlo (MC) uncertainty analysis is performed to quantify the effect of tissue property uncertainties on simulation results. The mean error between simulated and experimental spatiotemporal peak temperature rise was +0.33°C (+6.9%). Despite this error, the experimental temperature rise fell within the expected uncertainty of the simulation, as determined by the MC analysis. The average errors of the simulated transverse and longitudinal full width half maximum (FWHM) of the profiles were -1.9% and 7.5%, respectively. A linear regression and local sensitivity analysis revealed that simulated temperature amplitude is more sensitive to uncertainties in simulation inputs than in the profile width and shape. Acoustic power, acoustic attenuation and thermal conductivity had the greatest impact on peak temperature rise uncertainty; thermal conductivity and volumetric heat capacity had the greatest impact on FWHM uncertainty. This study validates that using the HAS and PBHE method can adequately predict temperature profiles from single sonications in homogeneous media. Further, it informs the need to accurately measure or predict patient-specific properties for improved treatment planning of ablative FUS surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara L. Johnson
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Douglas A. Christensen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Christopher R. Dillon
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Allison Payne
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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18
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Zhang S, Shang S, Han Y, Gu C, Wu S, Liu S, Niu G, Bouakaz A, Wan M. Ex Vivo and In Vivo Monitoring and Characterization of Thermal Lesions by High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound and Microwave Ablation Using Ultrasonic Nakagami Imaging. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2018; 37:1701-1710. [PMID: 29969420 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2018.2829934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The feasibility of ultrasonic Nakagami imaging to evaluate thermal lesions by high-intensity focused ultrasound and microwave ablation was explored in ex vivo and in vivo liver models. Dynamic changes of the ultrasonic Nakagami parameter in thermal lesions were calculated, and ultrasonic B-mode and Nakagami images were reconstructed simultaneously. The contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) between thermal lesions and normal tissue was used to estimate the contrast resolution of the monitoring images. After thermal ablation, a bright hyper-echoic region appeared in the ultrasonic B-mode and Nakagami images, identifying the thermal lesion. During thermal ablation, mean values of Nakagami parameter showed an increasing trend from 0.72 to 1.01 for the ex vivo model and 0.54 to 0.72 for the in vivo model. After thermal ablation, mean CNR values of the ultrasonic Nakagami images were 1.29 dB (ex vivo) and 0.80 dB (in vivo), significantly higher ( ) than those for B-mode images. Thermal lesion size, assessed using ultrasonic Nakagami images, shows a good correlation to those obtained from the gross-pathology images (for the ex vivo model: length, = 0.96; width, = 0.90; for the in vivo model: length, = 0.95; width, = 0.85). This preliminary study suggests that ultrasonic Nakagami parameter may have a potential use in evaluating the formation of thermal lesions with better image contrast. Moreover, ultrasonic Nakagami imaging combined with B-mode imaging may be utilized as an alternative modality in developing monitoring systems for image-guided thermal ablation treatments.
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19
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Zhang S, Xu R, Shang S, Han Y, Liu S, Xu T, Gu C, Zhu X, Niu G, Wan M. In vivo monitoring of microwave ablation in a porcine model using ultrasonic differential attenuation coefficient intercept imaging. Int J Hyperthermia 2018; 34:1157-1170. [DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2018.1437477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ranxiang Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaoqiang Shang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuqiang Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sihao Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianqi Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunming Gu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingguang Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
- Medical Engineering Division, Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Niu
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingxi Wan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
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20
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Johnson SL, Dillon C, Odéen H, Parker D, Christensen D, Payne A. Development and validation of a MRgHIFU non-invasive tissue acoustic property estimation technique. Int J Hyperthermia 2016; 32:723-34. [PMID: 27441427 PMCID: PMC5054420 DOI: 10.1080/02656736.2016.1216184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
MR-guided high-intensity focussed ultrasound (MRgHIFU) non-invasive ablative surgeries have advanced into clinical trials for treating many pathologies and cancers. A remaining challenge of these surgeries is accurately planning and monitoring tissue heating in the face of patient-specific and dynamic acoustic properties of tissues. Currently, non-invasive measurements of acoustic properties have not been implemented in MRgHIFU treatment planning and monitoring procedures. This methods-driven study presents a technique using MR temperature imaging (MRTI) during low-temperature HIFU sonications to non-invasively estimate sample-specific acoustic absorption and speed of sound values in tissue-mimicking phantoms. Using measured thermal properties, specific absorption rate (SAR) patterns are calculated from the MRTI data and compared to simulated SAR patterns iteratively generated via the Hybrid Angular Spectrum (HAS) method. Once the error between the simulated and measured patterns is minimised, the estimated acoustic property values are compared to the true phantom values obtained via an independent technique. The estimated values are then used to simulate temperature profiles in the phantoms, and compared to experimental temperature profiles. This study demonstrates that trends in acoustic absorption and speed of sound can be non-invasively estimated with average errors of 21% and 1%, respectively. Additionally, temperature predictions using the estimated properties on average match within 1.2 °C of the experimental peak temperature rises in the phantoms. The positive results achieved in tissue-mimicking phantoms presented in this study indicate that this technique may be extended to in vivo applications, improving HIFU sonication temperature rise predictions and treatment assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Henrik Odéen
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah
| | - Dennis Parker
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah
| | - Douglas Christensen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Utah
| | - Allison Payne
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah
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21
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Feasibility study of pulse compression technique to improve accuracy of ultrasonic temperature estimation. Biomed Eng Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13534-016-0237-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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22
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Suomi V, Han Y, Konofagou E, Cleveland RO. The effect of temperature dependent tissue parameters on acoustic radiation force induced displacements. Phys Med Biol 2016; 61:7427-7447. [PMID: 27694703 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/61/20/7427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Multiple ultrasound elastography techniques rely on acoustic radiation force (ARF) in monitoring high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) therapy. However, ARF is dependent on tissue attenuation and sound speed, both of which are also known to change with temperature making the therapy monitoring more challenging. Furthermore, the viscoelastic properties of tissue are also temperature dependent, which affects the displacements induced by ARF. The aim of this study is to quantify the temperature dependent changes in the acoustic and viscoelastic properties of liver and investigate their effect on ARF induced displacements by using both experimental methods and simulations. Furthermore, the temperature dependent viscoelastic properties of liver are experimentally measured over a frequency range of 0.1-200 Hz at temperatures reaching 80 °C, and both conventional and fractional Zener models are used to fit the data. The fractional Zener model was found to fit better with the experimental viscoelasticity data with respect to the conventional model with up to two orders of magnitude lower sum of squared errors (SSE). The characteristics of experimental displacement data were also seen in the simulations due to the changes in attenuation coefficient and lesion development. At low temperatures before thermal ablation, attenuation was found to affect the displacement amplitude. At higher temperature, the decrease in displacement amplitude occurs approximately at 60-70 °C due to the combined effect of viscoelasticity changes and lesion growth overpowering the effect of attenuation. The results suggest that it is necessary to monitor displacement continuously during HIFU therapy in order to ascertain when ablation occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Visa Suomi
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PJ, UK
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23
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Maraghechi B, Hasani MH, Kolios MC, Tavakkoli J. Temperature dependence of acoustic harmonics generated by nonlinear ultrasound wave propagation in water at various frequencies. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2016; 139:2475. [PMID: 27250143 DOI: 10.1121/1.4946898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound-based thermometry requires a temperature-sensitive acoustic parameter that can be used to estimate the temperature by tracking changes in that parameter during heating. The objective of this study is to investigate the temperature dependence of acoustic harmonics generated by nonlinear ultrasound wave propagation in water at various pulse transmit frequencies from 1 to 20 MHz. Simulations were conducted using an expanded form of the Khokhlov-Zabolotskaya-Kuznetsov nonlinear acoustic wave propagation model in which temperature dependence of the medium parameters was included. Measurements were performed using single-element transducers at two different transmit frequencies of 3.3 and 13 MHz which are within the range of frequencies simulated. The acoustic pressure signals were measured by a calibrated needle hydrophone along the axes of the transducers. The water temperature was uniformly increased from 26 °C to 46 °C in increments of 5 °C. The results show that the temperature dependence of the harmonic generation is different at various frequencies which is due to the interplay between the mechanisms of absorption, nonlinearity, and focusing gain. At the transmit frequencies of 1 and 3.3 MHz, the harmonic amplitudes decrease with increasing the temperature, while the opposite temperature dependence is observed at 13 and 20 MHz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borna Maraghechi
- Department of Physics, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Mojtaba H Hasani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, 424 Hafez Avenue, Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael C Kolios
- Department of Physics, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Jahan Tavakkoli
- Department of Physics, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
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24
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Irie S, Inoue K, Yoshida K, Mamou J, Kobayashi K, Maruyama H, Yamaguchi T. Speed of sound in diseased liver observed by scanning acoustic microscopy with 80 MHz and 250 MHz. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2016; 139:512-519. [PMID: 26827044 DOI: 10.1121/1.4940126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the speed of sound (SOS) of two types of rat livers (eight normal livers, four cirrhotic livers) was measured with a scanning acoustic microscope using two transducers, one of which had an 80-MHz and the other a 250-MHz center frequency. The 250-MHz transducer had a better spatial resolution adapted to studying fiber or hepatic parenchymal cells. In normal livers, averages of the SOS values were from 1598 to 1677 m/s at 80-MHz and from 1568 to 1668 m/s at 250-MHz. In the fiber tissue of cirrhotic livers, averages of the SOS values were from 1645 to 1658 m/s at 80-MHz and from 1610 to 1695 m/s at 250-MHz, while the SOS values in the other tissue of cirrhotic livers ranged from 1644 to 1709 m/s at 80-MHz and from 1641 to 1715 m/s at 250-MHz. In one liver, SOS in fiber tissue was larger than that of tissues without fiber while in others it was lower. The resulting two-dimensional SOS maps provide a unique quantitative insight of liver acoustic microstructures in a healthy liver and in a cirrhotic ones. This study would be helpful to understand the complex relationship between acoustic properties and liver disease including fiber tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Irie
- Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoicho, Inage, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kenta Inoue
- Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoicho, Inage, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kenji Yoshida
- Center for Frontier Medical Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoicho, Inage, Chiba, Japan
| | - Jonathan Mamou
- Lizzi Center for Biomedical Engineering, Riverside Research, 156 William Street, New York, New York 10038, USA
| | - Kazuto Kobayashi
- Honda Electronics Co., Ltd., 20 Koyamazuka, Oiwa-cho, Toyohashi, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Maruyama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tadashi Yamaguchi
- Center for Frontier Medical Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoicho, Inage, Chiba, Japan
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25
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Haworth KJ, Salgaonkar VA, Corregan NM, Holland CK, Mast TD. Using passive cavitation images to classify high-intensity focused ultrasound lesions. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2015; 41:2420-34. [PMID: 26051309 PMCID: PMC4526372 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2015.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Passive cavitation imaging provides spatially resolved monitoring of cavitation emissions. However, the diffraction limit of a linear imaging array results in relatively poor range resolution. Poor range resolution has limited prior analyses of the spatial specificity and sensitivity of passive cavitation imaging in predicting thermal lesion formation. In this study, this limitation is overcome by orienting a linear array orthogonal to the high-intensity focused ultrasound propagation direction and performing passive imaging. Fourteen lesions were formed in ex vivo bovine liver samples as a result of 1.1-MHz continuous-wave ultrasound exposure. The lesions were classified as focal, "tadpole" or pre-focal based on their shape and location. Passive cavitation images were beamformed from emissions at the fundamental, harmonic, ultraharmonic and inharmonic frequencies with an established algorithm. Using the area under a receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), fundamental, harmonic and ultraharmonic emissions were found to be significant predictors of lesion formation for all lesion types. For both harmonic and ultraharmonic emissions, pre-focal lesions were classified most successfully (AUROC values of 0.87 and 0.88, respectively), followed by tadpole lesions (AUROC values of 0.77 and 0.64, respectively) and focal lesions (AUROC values of 0.65 and 0.60, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Haworth
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
| | - Vasant A Salgaonkar
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Nicholas M Corregan
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Christy K Holland
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - T Douglas Mast
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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26
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Guntur SR, Choi MJ. Influence of temperature-dependent thermal parameters on temperature elevation of tissue exposed to high-intensity focused ultrasound: numerical simulation. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2015; 41:806-813. [PMID: 25638316 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has been used successfully as a non-invasive modality in treating solid tumors. The temperature rise HIFU irradiation causes in a tissue depends on the thermal properties of the tissue. This study was motivated by our observation that the thermal properties of a tissue vary significantly with temperature (Guntur SR, Lee KI, Paeng DG, Coleman AJ, Choi MJ. Ultrasound Med Biol 2013;39:1771-1784). This research investigated how significantly the alteration of tissue thermal parameters, in the ranges of values measured at 25°C-90°C, affects prediction of the temperature elevation of tissue under the same HIFU exposure. The numerical simulation was performed by coupling a non-linear Khokhlov-Zabolotskaya-Kuznetsov equation with a bio-heat transfer function. In the conventional method of prediction, the thermal parameters were set as constants measured at room temperature (25°C). This study compared the conventional prediction with those predicted with different thermal parameters measured at the various temperatures up to 90°C. The results indicated that the conventional method significantly overestimated the rise in focal temperature in the liver tissue exposed to a clinical HIFU field, compared with the prediction made using thermal parameters measured at temperatures that cause thermal denaturation. This finding suggests that temperature-dependent thermal parameters should be considered in predicting the temperature rise in a tissue to avoid use of an insufficient thermal dose in treatment planning for HIFU surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitaramanjaneya Reddy Guntur
- Interdisciplinary Postgraduate Program of Biomedical Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Joo Choi
- Interdisciplinary Postgraduate Program of Biomedical Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea.
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27
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Guntur SR, Choi MJ. An improved tissue-mimicking polyacrylamide hydrogel phantom for visualizing thermal lesions with high-intensity focused ultrasound. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2014; 40:2680-2691. [PMID: 25220272 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2014.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A recipe was created to improve the tissue-mimicking (TM) bovine serum albumin (BSA) polyacrylamide hydrogel (PAG) reported in our previous study (Choi MJ, Guntur SR, Lee KI, Paeng DG, Coleman AJ. Ultrasound Med Biol 2013; 29:439-448). In that work, the concentration of acrylamide in TM BSA PAG was increased to make its attenuation coefficient the same as that of a tissue. However, this increase made the PAG stiffer and less homogeneous. In addition, the increase in acrylamide caused a significant increase in temperature over the denaturation threshold of BSA during polymerization, which required forced cooling so that the PAG did not become opaque at room temperature after polymerization. To eliminate those shortcomings, we substituted the increased acrylamide with a viscous polysaccharide liquid (corn syrup). The concentration of corn syrup was optimized to 20% (w/v, tested in the volume of 50 mL), so that the acoustic properties of the PAG would be close to those of human liver. The improved TM (iTM) BSA PAG constructed in this study had a speed of sound of 1588 ± 9 m/s, an attenuation coefficient of 0.51 ± 0.06 dB cm(-1) at 1 MHz and a backscattering coefficient of 0.22 ± 0.09 × 10(-3) sr(-1) cm(-1) MHz(-1). The density and acoustic impedance were 1057 kg/m(3) and 1.68 MRayl, respectively, and the non-linear parameter (B/A) was 5.9 ± 0.3. The thermal, optical and mechanical properties were almost the same as those of the BSA PAG (Lafon et al.2005). Experimental verification indicated that the thermal lesions visualized in the proposed iTM BSA PAG by high-intensity focused ultrasound were highly reproducible. In conclusion, iTM BSA PAG was proven to eliminate TM BSA PAG shortcomings effectively and is expected to be a promising test phantom for clinical high-intensity focused ultrasound device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitaramanjaneya Reddy Guntur
- Interdisciplinary Postgraduate Program of Biomedical Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea; Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Technology, Visvesvaraya Technological University, Bangalore, India
| | - Min Joo Choi
- Interdisciplinary Postgraduate Program of Biomedical Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Jackson EJ, Coussios CC, Cleveland RO. Nonlinear acoustic properties of ex vivo bovine liver and the effects of temperature and denaturation. Phys Med Biol 2014; 59:3223-38. [DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/59/12/3223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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29
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Aoyagia R, Nakamura H, Azuma T, Yoshinaka K, Takeuchi H, Fujiwara K, Itani K, Sasaki A, Takagi S, Matsumoto Y. Localized elasticity measurement for detection of coagulation during HIFU therapy. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2013; 2013:6273-6. [PMID: 24111174 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2013.6610987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) treatment is one minimally invasive treatment method for cancer. Visualizing the internal treatment area of a body during HIFU treatment is required in order to achieve appropriate beam positioning and HIFU dosage. The objective of this work is to develop an ultrasound monitoring system for thermally induced coagulation. Localized motion imaging (LMI) is a monitoring method used to detect a localized mechanical response that is dependent on changes in tissue stiffness caused by thermal coagulation. In LMI, amplitude modulated HIFU causes oscillation of tissues in the HIFU focal area. The elastic modulus at a coagulated area increases and can be detected as an area with decreased oscillation amplitude., Localized control of the oscillation by changing the modulation frequency was conducted to increase the detection sensitivity for small coagulated areas in porcine liver. 2 and 7.5 MHz transducers were employed for HIFU and imaging, respectively. The amplitude modulation frequency was changed in the range from 50 to 200 Hz. The acoustic intensity of HIFU was 2.0 kW/cm2 at the focus and the exposure time was 45 s. The decrease in the amplitude of tissue oscillation at the focal point was detected within 5-10 s of HIFU exposure at the highest modulation frequency. The detected amplitude was decreased to 0.2, which indicates that for LMI, a high modulation frequency is suitable for the detection of small coagulation areas or areas of initial coagulation.
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Choi MJ, Guntur SR, Lee KI, Paeng DG, Coleman A. A tissue mimicking polyacrylamide hydrogel phantom for visualizing thermal lesions generated by high intensity focused ultrasound. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2013; 39:439-448. [PMID: 23312531 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2012.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Revised: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
An optically transparent tissue-mimicking (TM) phantom whose acoustic properties are close to those of tissue was constructed for visualizing therapeutic effects by high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU). The TM phantom was designed to improve a widely used standard bovine serum albumin (BSA) polyacrylamide hydrogel (PAG), which attenuated ultrasound far less than tissue and, unlike tissue, did not scatter ultrasound. A modified recipe has been proposed in the study by adding scattering glass beads with diameters of 40-80 μm (0.002% w/v) and by raising the concentration of acrylamide (30% v/v). The TM BSA-PAG constructed has an acoustic impedance of 1.67 MRayls, a speed of sound of 1576 m/s, an attenuation coefficient of 0.52 dB/cm at 1 MHz, a backscattering coefficient of 0.242 × 10(-3) 1/sr/cm at 1 MHz and a nonlinear parameter (B/A) of 5.7. These parameters are close to those of liver. The thermal and optical properties are almost the same as the standard BSA-PAG. The characteristic features of the thermal lesions by HIFU were observed to be more accurately visualized in the TM BSA-PAG than in the standard BSA-PAG. In conclusion, the proposed TM BSA-PAG acoustically mimics tissue better than the standard BSA-PAG and is expected to be preferentially used for assuring if a clinical HIFU device produces the thermal lesion as planned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Joo Choi
- Interdisciplinary Postgraduate Program of Biomedical Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea.
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Tsui PH, Chien YT, Liu HL, Shu YC, Chen WS. Using ultrasound CBE imaging without echo shift compensation for temperature estimation. ULTRASONICS 2012; 52:925-935. [PMID: 22472015 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2012.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Revised: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Clinical trials have demonstrated that hyperthermia improves cancer treatments. Previous studies developed ultrasound temperature imaging methods, based on the changes in backscattered energy (CBE), to monitor temperature variations during hyperthermia. Echo shift, induced by increasing temperature, contaminates the CBE image, and its tracking and compensation should normally ensure that estimations of CBE at each pixel are correct. To obtain a simplified algorithm that would allow real-time computation of CBE images, this study evaluated the usefulness of CBE imaging without echo shift compensation in detecting distributions in temperature. Experiments on phantoms, using different scatterer concentrations, and porcine livers were conducted to acquire raw backscattered data at temperatures ranging from 37°C to 45°C. Tissue samples of pork tenderloin were ablated in vitro by microwave irradiation to evaluate the feasibility of using the CBE image without compensation to monitor tissue ablation. CBE image construction was based on a ratio map obtained from the envelope image divided by the reference envelope image at 37°C. The experimental results demonstrated that the CBE image obtained without echo shift compensation has the ability to estimate temperature variations induced during uniform heating or tissue ablation. The magnitude of the CBE as a function of temperature obtained without compensation is stronger than that with compensation, implying that the CBE image without compensation has a better sensitivity to detect temperature. These findings suggest that echo shift tracking and compensation may be unnecessary in practice, thus simplifying the algorithm required to implement real-time CBE imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Hsiang Tsui
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC.
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Il Lee K, Joo Choi M. Frequency-dependent attenuation and backscatter coefficients in bovine trabecular bone from 0.2 to 1.2 MHz. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2012; 131:EL67-73. [PMID: 22280732 DOI: 10.1121/1.3671064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The frequency-dependent attenuation and backscatter coefficients were measured in 25 bovine femoral trabecular bone samples from 0.2 to 1.2 MHz. When the average attenuation coefficient was fitted to a nonlinear power law α(f)=α(0)+α(1)f(n), the exponent n was found to be 1.65. In contrast, the average backscatter coefficient was fitted to a power law η(f)=η(1)f(n) and the exponent n was measured as 3.25. The apparent bone density was significantly correlated with the parameter α(1) (0.2-0.7 MHz: r = 0.852, 0.6-1.2 MHz: r = 0.832) as well as the backscatter coefficient (0.5 MHz: r = 0.751, 1.0 MHz: r = 0.808).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Il Lee
- Department of Physics, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea
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