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Salem S, Lim K, Van den Hof MC. No. 304-Joint SOGC/CAR Policy Statement on Non-medical Use of Fetal Ultrasound. JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY CANADA 2020; 41:e1-e3. [PMID: 30638559 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogc.2018.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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No 304 - Déclaration de principe commune SOGC/CAR sur l'utilisation non médicale de l’échographie fœtale. JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY CANADA 2019; 41:e4-e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jogc.2018.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Argente-Arizón P, Díaz F, Ros P, Barrios V, Tena-Sempere M, García-Segura LM, Argente J, Chowen JA. The Hypothalamic Inflammatory/Gliosis Response to Neonatal Overnutrition Is Sex and Age Dependent. Endocrinology 2018; 159:368-387. [PMID: 29077836 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes participate in both physiological and pathophysiological responses to metabolic and nutrient signals. Although most studies have focused on the astrocytic response to weight gain due to high-fat/high-carbohydrate intake, surplus intake of a balanced diet also induces excess weight gain. We have accessed the effects of neonatal overnutrition, which has both age- and sex-dependent effects on weight gain, on hypothalamic inflammation/gliosis. Although both male and female Wistar rats accumulate excessive fat mass as early as postnatal day (PND) 10 with neonatal overnutrition, no increase in hypothalamic cytokine levels, markers of astrocytes or microglia, or inflammatory signaling pathways were observed. At PND 50, no effect of neonatal overnutriton was found in either sex, whereas at PND 150, males again weighed significantly more than their controls, and this was coincident with an increase in markers of inflammation and astrogliosis in the hypothalamus. Circulating triglycerides and free fatty acids were also elevated in these males, but not in females or in either sex at PND 10. Thus, the effects of fatty acids and estrogens on astrocytes in vitro were analyzed. Our results indicate that changes in circulating fatty acid levels may be involved in the induction of hypothalamic inflammation/gliosis in excess weight gain, even on a normal diet, and that estrogens could participate in the protection of females from these processes. In conclusion, the interaction of developmental influences, dietary composition, age, and sex determines the central inflammatory response and the associated long-term outcomes of excess weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Argente-Arizón
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisca Díaz
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Purificación Ros
- Department of Pediatrics, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Puerto de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Barrios
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Tena-Sempere
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Luis Miguel García-Segura
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable, Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Argente
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Svanzados Food Institute, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Universidad Autónoma de Madrid + Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julie A Chowen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red: Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Senefonte FRDA, Aydos RD, Oliveira VMD, Bósio MAC, Figueiró-Filho EA. Doppler velocimetry in fetal rats exposed to enoxaparin and unfractionated heparin (UFH) during pregnancy. Acta Cir Bras 2017; 32:325-333. [PMID: 28591361 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020170050000001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the effects of enoxaparin and unfractionated heparin (UFH) administered in prophylactic and therapeutic doses on fetal vessels in healthy pregnant Wistar rats, according to Doppler velocimetry measurements. Methods: Fifty animals were assigned to one of five groups: controls (saline), prophylactic and therapeutic enoxaparin (1 and 2 mg/kg/day, respectively), and prophylactic and therapeutic UFH (72 and 400 UI/kg/day, respectively). Uterine horns were examined by ultrasound for identification of live fetuses. A sample of these fetuses underwent Doppler velocimetry. Spectral curves, peak systolic velocity (PSV), pulsatility index (PI), and resistance index (RI) of the middle cerebral artery, ductus venosus, and umbilical artery were investigated. Differences were considered statistically significant when p<0.05. Results: No significant differences in PSV, PI, or RI values were observed among the groups. Conclusion: Doppler velocimetry measurements revealed no significant effects of enoxaparin or unfractionated heparin on fetal vessels in pregnant Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio Renato de Almeida Senefonte
- Fellow PhD degree, Postgraduate Program in Health and Development, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande-MS, Brazil. Conception, design, intellectual and scientific content of the study; technical procedures; acquisition and interpretation of data; statistical analysis; manuscript writing; critical revision
| | - Ricardo Dutra Aydos
- PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Surgery, UFMS, Campo Grande-MS, Brazil. Intellectual and scientific content of the study, critical revision, final approval
| | - Vanessa Marcon de Oliveira
- PhD, Pharmacist, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, UFMS, Campo Grande-MS, Brazil. Technical procedures, acquisition and interpretation of data
| | | | - Ernesto Antonio Figueiró-Filho
- PhD, Associate Professor, UFMS, Campo Grande-MS, Brazil. Conception, design, intellectual and scientific content of the study; critical revision; final approval
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Salem S, Lim K, Van den Hof MC. Déclaration de principe commune SOGC/CAR sur l'utilisation non médicale de l'échographie fœtal. JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY CANADA 2017; 38:S404-S406. [PMID: 28063551 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogc.2016.09.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Webb SJ, Garrison MM, Bernier R, McClintic AM, King BH, Mourad PD. Severity of ASD symptoms and their correlation with the presence of copy number variations and exposure to first trimester ultrasound. Autism Res 2016; 10:472-484. [PMID: 27582229 DOI: 10.1002/aur.1690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Current research suggests that incidence and heterogeneity of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms may arise through a variety of exogenous and/or endogenous factors. While subject to routine clinical practice and generally considered safe, there exists speculation, though no human data, that diagnostic ultrasound may also contribute to ASD severity, supported by experimental evidence that exposure to ultrasound early in gestation could perturb brain development and alter behavior. Here we explored a modified triple hit hypothesis [Williams & Casanova, ] to assay for a possible relationship between the severity of ASD symptoms and (1) ultrasound exposure (2) during the first trimester of pregnancy in fetuses with a (3) genetic predisposition to ASD. We did so using retrospective analysis of data from the SSC (Simon's Simplex Collection) autism genetic repository funded by the Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative. We found that male children with ASD, copy number variations (CNVs), and exposure to first trimester ultrasound had significantly decreased non-verbal IQ and increased repetitive behaviors relative to male children with ASD, with CNVs, and no ultrasound. These data suggest that heterogeneity in ASD symptoms may result, at least in part, from exposure to diagnostic ultrasound during early prenatal development of children with specific genetic vulnerabilities. These results also add weight to on-going concerns expressed by the FDA about non-medical use of diagnostic ultrasound during pregnancy. Autism Res 2017, 10: 472-484. © 2016 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Jane Webb
- Center on Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington.,Departments of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Neurological Surgery, Seattle, Washington
| | - Michelle M Garrison
- Center on Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington.,Departments of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Neurological Surgery, Seattle, Washington
| | - Raphael Bernier
- Departments of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Neurological Surgery, Seattle, Washington
| | - Abbi M McClintic
- Departments of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Neurological Surgery, Seattle, Washington
| | - Bryan H King
- Center on Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Pierre D Mourad
- Departments of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Neurological Surgery, Seattle, Washington.,Division of Engineering and Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Nightingale KR, Church CC, Harris G, Wear KA, Bailey MR, Carson PL, Jiang H, Sandstrom KL, Szabo TL, Ziskin MC. Conditionally Increased Acoustic Pressures in Nonfetal Diagnostic Ultrasound Examinations Without Contrast Agents: A Preliminary Assessment. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2015; 34:1-41. [PMID: 26112617 PMCID: PMC4822701 DOI: 10.7863/ultra.34.7.15.13.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical index (MI) has been used by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) since 1992 for regulatory decisions regarding the acoustic output of diagnostic ultrasound equipment. Its formula is based on predictions of acoustic cavitation under specific conditions. Since its implementation over 2 decades ago, new imaging modes have been developed that employ unique beam sequences exploiting higher-order acoustic phenomena, and, concurrently, studies of the bioeffects of ultrasound under a range of imaging scenarios have been conducted. In 2012, the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine Technical Standards Committee convened a working group of its Output Standards Subcommittee to examine and report on the potential risks and benefits of the use of conditionally increased acoustic pressures (CIP) under specific diagnostic imaging scenarios. The term "conditionally" is included to indicate that CIP would be considered on a per-patient basis for the duration required to obtain the necessary diagnostic information. This document is a result of that effort. In summary, a fundamental assumption in the MI calculation is the presence of a preexisting gas body. For tissues not known to contain preexisting gas bodies, based on theoretical predications and experimentally reported cavitation thresholds, we find this assumption to be invalid. We thus conclude that exceeding the recommended maximum MI level given in the FDA guidance could be warranted without concern for increased risk of cavitation in these tissues. However, there is limited literature assessing the potential clinical benefit of exceeding the MI guidelines in these tissues. The report proposes a 3-tiered approach for CIP that follows the model for employing elevated output in magnetic resonance imaging and concludes with summary recommendations to facilitate Institutional Review Board (IRB)-monitored clinical studies investigating CIP in specific tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn R Nightingale
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, PO Box 90281, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Charles C Church
- National Center for Physical Acoustics and Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677 USA
| | - Gerald Harris
- US Food and Drug Administration (Retired), Current Address: 132 S Van Buren St, Rockville, MD 20850 USA
| | - Keith A Wear
- US Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Building 62, Room 2104, Silver Spring, MD 20993-0002 USA
| | - Michael R Bailey
- Center for Industrial and Medical Ultrasound, Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, 1013 NE 40th St, Seattle WA 98105 USA
| | - Paul L Carson
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Health System, 3218C Med Sci I, B Wing SPC 5667, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5667 USA
| | - Hui Jiang
- Fujifilm SonoSite, 21919 30th Dr SE, Bothell, WA 98021 USA
| | - Kurt L Sandstrom
- Samsung Medison Co, Ltd, Building, 42, Teheran-ro, 108-gil, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-851, Korea
| | - Thomas L Szabo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Marvin C Ziskin
- Emeritus Professor of Radiology and Medical Physics, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140 USA
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Synergistic effects of glycated chitosan with high-intensity focused ultrasound on suppression of metastases in a syngeneic breast tumor model. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1178. [PMID: 24743733 PMCID: PMC4001313 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Stimulation of the host immune system is crucial in cancer treatment. In particular, nonspecific immunotherapies, when combined with other traditional therapies such as radiation and chemotherapy, may induce immunity against primary and metastatic tumors. In this study, we demonstrate that a novel, non-toxic immunoadjuvant, glycated chitosan (GC), decreases the motility and invasion of mammalian breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Lung metastatic ratios were reduced in 4T1 tumor-bearing mice when intratumoral GC injection was combined with local high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) treatment. We postulate that this treatment modality stimulates the host immune system to combat cancer cells, as macrophage accumulation in tumor lesions was detected after GC-HIFU treatment. In addition, plasma collected from GC-HIFU-treated tumor-bearing mice exhibited tumor-specific cytotoxicity. We also investigated the effect of GC on epithelial–mesenchymal transition-related markers. Our results showed that GC decreased the expression of Twist-1 and Slug, proto-oncogenes commonly implicated in metastasis. Epithelial-cadherin, which is regulated by these genes, was also upregulated. Taken together, our current data suggest that GC alone can reduce cancer cell motility and invasion, whereas GC-HIFU treatment can induce immune responses to suppress tumor metastasis in vivo.
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Joint SOGC/CAR Policy Statement on Non-medical Use of Fetal Ultrasound. JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY CANADA 2014; 36:184-185. [DOI: 10.1016/s1701-2163(15)30666-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Salem S, Lim K, Van den Hof MC, Lim K, Bly S, Butt K, Cargill Y, Davies G, Denis N, Hazlitt G, Morin L, Naud K, Ouellet A, Salem S, Vickar D, Salem S, Harris A, Lautner D, O’Sullivan J, Patenaude Y, Keough V. Déclaration de principe commune SOGC/CAR sur l’utilisation non médicale de l’échographie foetale. JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY CANADA 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1701-2163(15)30667-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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