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Ren J, Karna S, Lee HM, Yoo SM, Na D. Artificial transformation methodologies for improving the efficiency of plasmid DNA transformation and simplifying its use. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:9205-9215. [PMID: 31650193 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10173-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The uptake of exogenous DNA materials through the cell membrane by bacteria, known as transformation, is essential for the genetic manipulation of bacteria and, thus, plays key roles in biotechnological and biological research. The efficiency of natural transformation is very low; therefore, various artificial transformation methods have been developed for simple and efficient bacterial transformation. The basic bacterial transformation method is based on chemical, physical, and electrical processes and other means to permeabilize the bacterial cell membrane to allow plasmid DNA uptake. With the introduction of novel chemicals, materials, and devices and the optimization of protocols, new transformation methods have become simpler, cheaper, and more reproducible for use in diverse bacterial species compared with conventional methods. In this review, artificial transformation methods have been classified according to the membrane-permeabilizing mechanisms employed by them. Their influential factors, transformation efficiency, advantages, disadvantages, and practical applications are briefly illustrated. Finally, physicochemical transformation as a new bacterial transformation technique has also been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ren
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Sandeep Karna
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyang-Mi Lee
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Min Yoo
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Dokyun Na
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
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López-Marín LM, Rivera AL, Fernández F, Loske AM. Shock wave-induced permeabilization of mammalian cells. Phys Life Rev 2018; 26-27:1-38. [PMID: 29685859 DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Controlled permeabilization of mammalian cell membranes is fundamental to develop gene and cell therapies based on macromolecular cargo delivery, a process that emerged against an increasing number of health afflictions, including genetic disorders, cancer and infections. Viral vectors have been successfully used for macromolecular delivery; however, they may have unpredictable side effects and have been limited to life-threatening cases. Thus, several chemical and physical methods have been explored to introduce drugs, vaccines, and nucleic acids into cells. One of the most appealing physical methods to deliver genes into cells is shock wave-induced poration. High-speed microjets of fluid, emitted due to the collapse of microbubbles after shock wave passage, represent the most significant mechanism that contributes to cell membrane poration by this technique. Herein, progress in shock wave-induced permeabilization of mammalian cells is presented. After covering the main concepts related to molecular strategies whose applications depend on safer drug delivery methods, the physics behind shock wave phenomena is described. Insights into the use of shock waves for cell membrane permeation are discussed, along with an overview of the two major biomedical applications thereof-i.e., genetic modification and anti-cancer shock wave-assisted chemotherapy. The aim of this review is to summarize 30 years of data showing underwater shock waves as a safe, noninvasive method for macromolecular delivery into mammalian cells, encouraging the development of further research, which is still required before the introduction of this promising tool into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz M López-Marín
- Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, 76230 Querétaro, Qro., Mexico.
| | - Ana Leonor Rivera
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares & Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Francisco Fernández
- Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, 76230 Querétaro, Qro., Mexico.
| | - Achim M Loske
- Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, 76230 Querétaro, Qro., Mexico.
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Li D, Tang Y, Lin J, Cai W. Methods for genetic transformation of filamentous fungi. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:168. [PMID: 28974205 PMCID: PMC5627406 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0785-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Filamentous fungi have been of great interest because of their excellent ability as cell factories to manufacture useful products for human beings. The development of genetic transformation techniques is a precondition that enables scientists to target and modify genes efficiently and may reveal the function of target genes. The method to deliver foreign nucleic acid into cells is the sticking point for fungal genome modification. Up to date, there are some general methods of genetic transformation for fungi, including protoplast-mediated transformation, Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, electroporation, biolistic method and shock-wave-mediated transformation. This article reviews basic protocols and principles of these transformation methods, as well as their advantages and disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Li
- Institute of Apply Genomics, Fuzhou University, No.2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou, 350108 China
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, No.2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou, 350108 China
| | - Yu Tang
- Triplex International Biosciences (China) Co. LTD, Xiamen, 361100 China
| | - Jun Lin
- Institute of Apply Genomics, Fuzhou University, No.2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou, 350108 China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, No.1 Xuefubei Road, Fuzhou, 350122 China
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, No.2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou, 350108 China
| | - Weiwen Cai
- Institute of Apply Genomics, Fuzhou University, No.2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou, 350108 China
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, No.2 Xueyuan Road, Fuzhou, 350108 China
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Soto-Alonso G, Cruz-Medina J, Caballero-Pérez J, Arvizu-Hernández I, Ávalos-Esparza L, Cruz-Hernández A, Romero-Gómez S, Rodríguez A, Pastrana-Martínez X, Fernández F, Loske A, Campos-Guillén J. Isolation of a conjugative F-like plasmid from a multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli strain CM6 using tandem shock wave-mediated transformation. J Microbiol Methods 2015; 114:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Recombinant expression of four oxidoreductases in Phanerochaete chrysosporium improves degradation of phenolic and non-phenolic substrates. J Biotechnol 2015; 209:76-84. [PMID: 26113215 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.06.401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Phanerochaete chrysosporium belongs to a group of lignin-degrading fungi that secretes various oxidoreductive enzymes, including lignin peroxidase (LiP) and manganese peroxidase (MnP). Previously, we demonstrated that the heterologous expression of a versatile peroxidase (VP) in P. chrysosporium recombinant strains is possible. However, the production of laccases (Lac) in this fungus has not been completely demonstrated and remains controversial. In order to investigate if the co-expression of Lac and VP in P. chrysosporium would improve the degradation of phenolic and non-phenolic substrates, we tested the constitutive co-expression of the lacIIIb gene from Trametes versicolor and the vpl2 gene from Pleurotus eryngii, and also the endogenous genes mnp1 and lipH8 by shock wave mediated transformation. The co-overexpression of peroxidases and laccases was improved up to five-fold as compared with wild type species. Transformant strains showed a broad spectrum in phenolic/non-phenolic biotransformation and a high percentage in synthetic dye decolorization in comparison with the parental strain. Our results show that the four enzymes can be constitutively expressed in a single transformant of P. chrysosporium in minimal medium. These data offer new possibilities for an easy and efficient co-expression of laccases and peroxidases in suitable basidiomycete species.
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Vela-Corcía D, Romero D, Torés JA, De Vicente A, Pérez-García A. Transient transformation of Podosphaera xanthii by electroporation of conidia. BMC Microbiol 2015. [PMID: 25651833 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-014-0338-338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Powdery mildew diseases are a major phytosanitary issue causing important yield and economic losses in agronomic, horticultural and ornamental crops. Powdery mildew fungi are obligate biotrophic parasites unable to grow on culture media, a fact that has significantly limited their genetic manipulation. In this work, we report a protocol based on the electroporation of fungal conidia, for the transient transformation of Podosphaera fusca (synonym Podosphaera xanthii), the main causal agent of cucurbit powdery mildew. RESULTS To introduce DNA into P. xanthii conidia, we applied two square-wave pulses of 1.7 kV for 1 ms with an interval of 5 s. We tested these conditions with several plasmids bearing as selective markers hygromycin B resistance (hph), carbendazim resistance (TUB2) or GFP (gfp) under control of endogenous regulatory elements from Aspergillus nidulans, Neurospora crassa or P. xanthii to drive their expression. An in planta selection procedure using the MBC fungicide carbendazim permitted the propagation of transformants onto zucchini cotyledons and avoided the phytotoxicity associated with hygromycin B. CONCLUSION This is the first report on the transformation of P. xanthii and the transformation of powdery mildew fungi using electroporation. Although the transformants are transient, this represents a feasible method for the genetic manipulation of this important group of plant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Vela-Corcía
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora", Universidad de Málaga - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Málaga, Bulevar Louis Pasteur 31 (Campus Universitario de Teatinos), 29071, Málaga, Spain.
| | - Diego Romero
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora", Universidad de Málaga - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Málaga, Bulevar Louis Pasteur 31 (Campus Universitario de Teatinos), 29071, Málaga, Spain.
| | - Juan Antonio Torés
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora", Universidad de Málaga - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Estación Experimental "La Mayora", 29750 Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga, Spain.
| | - Antonio De Vicente
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora", Universidad de Málaga - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Málaga, Bulevar Louis Pasteur 31 (Campus Universitario de Teatinos), 29071, Málaga, Spain.
| | - Alejandro Pérez-García
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora", Universidad de Málaga - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Málaga, Bulevar Louis Pasteur 31 (Campus Universitario de Teatinos), 29071, Málaga, Spain.
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Vela-Corcía D, Romero D, Torés JA, De Vicente A, Pérez-García A. Transient transformation of Podosphaera xanthii by electroporation of conidia. BMC Microbiol 2015; 15:20. [PMID: 25651833 PMCID: PMC4328038 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-014-0338-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Powdery mildew diseases are a major phytosanitary issue causing important yield and economic losses in agronomic, horticultural and ornamental crops. Powdery mildew fungi are obligate biotrophic parasites unable to grow on culture media, a fact that has significantly limited their genetic manipulation. In this work, we report a protocol based on the electroporation of fungal conidia, for the transient transformation of Podosphaera fusca (synonym Podosphaera xanthii), the main causal agent of cucurbit powdery mildew. Results To introduce DNA into P. xanthii conidia, we applied two square-wave pulses of 1.7 kV for 1 ms with an interval of 5 s. We tested these conditions with several plasmids bearing as selective markers hygromycin B resistance (hph), carbendazim resistance (TUB2) or GFP (gfp) under control of endogenous regulatory elements from Aspergillus nidulans, Neurospora crassa or P. xanthii to drive their expression. An in planta selection procedure using the MBC fungicide carbendazim permitted the propagation of transformants onto zucchini cotyledons and avoided the phytotoxicity associated with hygromycin B. Conclusion This is the first report on the transformation of P. xanthii and the transformation of powdery mildew fungi using electroporation. Although the transformants are transient, this represents a feasible method for the genetic manipulation of this important group of plant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Vela-Corcía
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora", Universidad de Málaga - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Málaga, Bulevar Louis Pasteur 31 (Campus Universitario de Teatinos), 29071, Málaga, Spain.
| | - Diego Romero
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora", Universidad de Málaga - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Málaga, Bulevar Louis Pasteur 31 (Campus Universitario de Teatinos), 29071, Málaga, Spain.
| | - Juan Antonio Torés
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora", Universidad de Málaga - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Estación Experimental "La Mayora", 29750 Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga, Spain.
| | - Antonio De Vicente
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora", Universidad de Málaga - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Málaga, Bulevar Louis Pasteur 31 (Campus Universitario de Teatinos), 29071, Málaga, Spain.
| | - Alejandro Pérez-García
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora", Universidad de Málaga - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Málaga, Bulevar Louis Pasteur 31 (Campus Universitario de Teatinos), 29071, Málaga, Spain.
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Gómez-Lim MA, Ortíz DM, Fernández F, Loske AM. Transformation of Fungi Using Shock Waves. Fungal Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-10142-2_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Loske AM, Fernández F, Magaña-Ortíz D, Coconi-Linares N, Ortíz-Vázquez E, Gómez-Lim MA. Tandem shock waves to enhance genetic transformation of Aspergillus niger. ULTRASONICS 2014; 54:1656-1662. [PMID: 24680880 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Filamentous fungi are used in several industries and in academia to produce antibiotics, metabolites, proteins and pharmaceutical compounds. The development of valuable strains usually requires the insertion of recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid; however, the protocols to transfer DNA to fungal cells are highly inefficient. Recently, underwater shock waves were successfully used to genetically transform filamentous fungi. The purpose of this research was to demonstrate that the efficiency of transformation can be improved significantly by enhancing acoustic cavitation using tandem (dual-pulse) shock waves. Results revealed that tandem pressure pulses, generated at a delay of 300 μs, increased the transformation efficiency of Aspergillus niger up to 84% in comparison with conventional (single-pulse) shock waves. This methodology may also be useful to obtain new strains required in basic research and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achim M Loske
- Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Blvd. Juriquilla 3001, 76230 Querétaro, Qro., Mexico.
| | - Francisco Fernández
- Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Blvd. Juriquilla 3001, 76230 Querétaro, Qro., Mexico
| | - Denis Magaña-Ortíz
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética de Plantas, Unidad Irapuato, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, 36500 Irapuato, Gto., Mexico
| | - Nancy Coconi-Linares
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética de Plantas, Unidad Irapuato, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, 36500 Irapuato, Gto., Mexico
| | | | - Miguel A Gómez-Lim
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética de Plantas, Unidad Irapuato, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, 36500 Irapuato, Gto., Mexico.
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Magaña-Ortíz D, Coconi-Linares N, Ortiz-Vazquez E, Fernández F, Loske AM, Gómez-Lim MA. A novel and highly efficient method for genetic transformation of fungi employing shock waves. Fungal Genet Biol 2013; 56:9-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2013.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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