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Cheng X, Li F, Liang L. Boron Neutron Capture Therapy: Clinical Application and Research Progress. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:7868-7886. [PMID: 36290899 PMCID: PMC9601095 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29100622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a binary modality that is used to treat a variety of malignancies, using neutrons to irradiate boron-10 (10B) nuclei that have entered tumor cells to produce highly linear energy transfer (LET) alpha particles and recoil 7Li nuclei (10B [n, α] 7Li). Therefore, the most important part in BNCT is to selectively deliver a large number of 10B to tumor cells and only a small amount to normal tissue. So far, BNCT has been used in more than 2000 cases worldwide, and the efficacy of BNCT in the treatment of head and neck cancer, malignant meningioma, melanoma and hepatocellular carcinoma has been confirmed. We collected and collated clinical studies of second-generation boron delivery agents. The combination of different drugs, the mode of administration, and the combination of multiple treatments have an important impact on patient survival. We summarized the critical issues that must be addressed, with the hope that the next generation of boron delivery agents will overcome these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Cheng
- Oncology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei Economic and Technological Development Zone, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Fanfan Li
- Oncology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei Economic and Technological Development Zone, Hefei 230601, China
- Correspondence: (F.L.); (L.L.); Tel.: +86-13855137365 (F.L.); +86-15905602477 (L.L.)
| | - Lizhen Liang
- Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Institute of Energy, Building 9, Binhu Excellence City Phase I, 16 Huayuan Avenue, Baohe District, Hefei 230031, China
- Correspondence: (F.L.); (L.L.); Tel.: +86-13855137365 (F.L.); +86-15905602477 (L.L.)
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Photothermal Therapy as Adjuvant to Surgery in an Orthotopic Mouse Model of Human Fibrosarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225820. [PMID: 34830974 PMCID: PMC8616180 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Combining tumor surgery with other types of treatment can be useful when dealing with aggressive tumors or tumors in difficult locations. Photothermal therapy (PTT) is a technique based on the use of light-absorbing nanoparticles that accumulate in the tumor. When tumors are irradiated with a laser, these nanoparticles transform the laser light into heat, causing very localized tumor death and sparing healthy neighboring tissues. In this study, we evaluated a treatment strategy consisting of surgery followed by PTT in a highly aggressive mouse model of fibrosarcoma. Using magnetic resonance imaging, we observed a slowdown in tumor growth accompanied by improved survival in mice that underwent PTT and surgery compared to animals that only had surgery. This shows the potential of combining PTT with surgery, an approach that can potentially be valuable to multiple types of cancer. Abstract Surgery is still the first-line treatment for multiple solid cancers. However, recurrence is a common issue, especially when dealing with aggressive tumors or tumors that are difficult to completely remove due to their location. Getting clear surgical margins can be challenging, but treatment strategies combining surgery with other anti-cancer therapies can potentially improve the outcome. Photothermal therapy (PTT) is a technique that relies on photoabsorbing agents, such as gold nanoparticles, to transform light into local hyperthermia. This technique can be used to ablate tumor tissue where the photoabsorbing agent accumulates, sparing healthy surrounding tissue. In this study, we examined the potential of gold nanoparticle-based PTT as an adjuvant treatment to surgery in a mouse model of human fibrosarcoma. For this we performed subtotal tumor resection to mimic a clinical situation where total tumor removal is not achieved, and subsequent PTT was applied on the surgical field. Our results showed that animals undergoing adjuvant PTT after surgery presented sustained delayed tumor growth and improved survival when compared to animals that only underwent surgery. We believe that these findings show the potential of PTT as an adjuvant method to traditional tumor surgery and could pave way to more personalized treatment options.
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3
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Xu J, Wang J, Wei Q. Boron neutron capture therapy in clinical application:Progress and prospect. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2021. [DOI: 10.1360/tb-2021-0907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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4
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Basavarajappa L, Rijal G, Hoyt K. Multifocused Ultrasound Therapy for Controlled Microvascular Permeabilization and Improved Drug Delivery. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2021; 68:961-968. [PMID: 32976098 PMCID: PMC8034541 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2020.3026697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Focused ultrasound (FUS) exposure of micro-bubble (MB) contrast agents can transiently increase microvascular permeability allowing anticancer drugs to extravasate into a targeted tumor tissue. Either fixed or mechanically steered in space, most studies to date have used a single element focused transducer to deliver the ultrasound (US) energy. The goal of this study was to investigate various multi-FUS strategies implemented on a programmable US scanner (Vantage 256, Verasonics Inc.) equipped with a linear array for image guidance and a 128-element therapy transducer (HIFUPlex-06, Sonic Concepts). The multi-FUS strategies include multi-FUS with sequential excitation (multi-FUS-SE) and multi-FUS with temporal sequential excitation (multi-FUS-TSE) and were compared to single-FUS and sham treatment. This study was performed using athymic mice implanted with breast cancer cells ( N = 20 ). FUS therapy experiments were performed for 10 min after a solution containing MBs (Definity, Lantheus Medical Imaging Inc.) and near-infrared (NIR, surrogate drug) dye were injected via the tail vein. The fluorescent signal was monitored using an in vivo optical imaging system (Pearl Trilogy, LI-COR) to quantify intratumoral dye accumulation at baseline and again at 0.1, 24, and 48 h after receiving US therapy. Animals were then euthanized for ex vivo dye extraction analysis. At 48 h, fluorescent tracer accumulation within the tumor space for the multi-FUS-TSE therapy group animals was found to be 67.3%, 50.3%, and 36.2% higher when compared to sham, single-FUS, and multi-FUS-SE therapy group measures, respectively. Also, dye extraction and fluorescence measurements from excised tumor tissue found increases of 243.2%, 163.1%, and 68.1% for the multi-FUS-TSE group compared to sham, single-FUS, and multi-FUS-SE therapy group measures, respectively. In summary, experimental results revealed that for a multi-FUS sequence, increased microvascular permeability was considerably influenced by both the spatial and temporal aspects of the applied US therapy.
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Zeng L, Nikolaev A, Xing C, Della Manna DL, Yang ES. CHK1/2 Inhibitor Prexasertib Suppresses NOTCH Signaling and Enhances Cytotoxicity of Cisplatin and Radiation in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 19:1279-1288. [PMID: 32371584 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-0946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Platinum-based chemoradiotherapy is a mainstay of organ-preserving therapy for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cancer (HNSCC). However, the disease eventually becomes resistant to treatment necessitating new therapies. Checkpoint kinase 1 and 2 (CHK1/2) are serine/threonine kinases that activate cell-cycle checkpoints and serve a critical role in the DNA-damage response (DDR). As resistance to cisplatin and radiation may involve a heightened DDR, we hypothesized that prexasertib, an inhibitor of CHK1/2, may enhance the cytotoxicity induced by cisplatin and irradiation in HNSCC. In this study, we found that combining prexasertib with cisplatin and radiation significantly decreased the in vitro survival fraction in HNSCC cell lines both with and without radiotherapy. Reduced survival was accompanied by inhibition of DNA repair checkpoint activation, which resulted in persistent DNA damage and increased apoptosis. In addition, NanoString analysis with the PanCancer Pathways Panel revealed that prexasertib downregulated NOTCH signaling target genes (NOTCH1, NOTCH2, and NOTCH3) and their associated ligands (JAG1, JAG2, SKP2, MAML2, and DLL1). Prexasertib also reduced NOTCH1, NOTCH3 and HES1 protein expression. Importantly, a significant tumor growth delay was observed in vivo in both human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive UM-SCC47 and HPV-negative UM-SCC1 cell line xenografts treated with prexasertib, cisplatin, and radiotherapy without increased toxicity as measured by mouse body weight. Taken together, prexasertib reduced NOTCH signaling and enhanced the in vitro and in vivo response of HNSCCs to cisplatin and radiation, suggesting combination therapy may increase clinical benefit. A clinical trial has recently completed accrual (NCT02555644).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zeng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Anatoly Nikolaev
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Chuan Xing
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Deborah L Della Manna
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Eddy S Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama. .,Department of Pharmacology and Toxiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama.,Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama.,O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
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6
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Ali F, S Hosmane N, Zhu Y. Boron Chemistry for Medical Applications. Molecules 2020; 25:E828. [PMID: 32070043 PMCID: PMC7071021 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Boron compounds now have many applications in a number of fields, including Medicinal Chemistry. Although the uses of boron compounds in pharmacological science have been recognized several decades ago, surprisingly few are found in pharmaceutical drugs. The boron-containing compounds epitomize a new class for medicinal chemists to use in their drug designs. Carboranes are a class of organometallic compounds containing carbon (C), boron (B), and hydrogen (H) and are the most widely studied boron compounds in medicinal chemistry. Additionally, other boron-based compounds are of great interest, such as dodecaborate anions, metallacarboranes and metallaboranes. The boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) has been utilized for cancer treatment from last decade, where chemotherapy and radiation have their own shortcomings. However, the improvement in the already existing (BPA and/or BSH) localized delivery agents or new tumor-targeted compounds are required before realizing the full clinical potential of BNCT. The work outlined in this short review addresses the advancements in boron containing compounds. Here, we have focused on the possible clinical implications of the new and improved boron-based biologically active compounds for BNCT that are reported to have in vivo and/or in vitro efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayaz Ali
- School of Pharmacy, Macau university of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long Taipa, Macau 999078, China;
| | - Narayan S Hosmane
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA
| | - Yinghuai Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Macau university of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long Taipa, Macau 999078, China;
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Barth RF, Grecula JC. Boron neutron capture therapy at the crossroads - Where do we go from here? Appl Radiat Isot 2019; 160:109029. [PMID: 32351210 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2019.109029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
As elegant as is the concept upon which Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) is based, unfortunately it has not gained widespread acceptance by the physicians who are treating cancer patients on a daily basis. The question is why? Very simply put, the clinical results obtained in treating patients with high grade gliomas and recurrent tumors of the head and neck region have not been convincing enough to produce more interest in BNCT as a cancer treatment modality. There are a variety of reasons for this, one of the most important of which has been its dependency on nuclear reactors as neutron sources. With the advent of accelerator based neutron sources (ABNS), this hopefully will be addressed. If the results obtained from ongoing and soon to be initiated clinical trials can at least demonstrate equivalency to those obtained with nuclear reactors, this should address the first problem. The second problem relates to boron delivery agents, and despite the considerable efforts of chemists and biologists over the past 50 years, there are only two drugs that currently are being used clinically, sodium borocaptate (BSH) and boronophenylalanine (BPA). It is widely recognized that these two drugs are less than ideal. Perhaps new and more effective boron delivery agents will finally appear on the scene, but barring that, we will address the question of what can be done now to make BNCT a more effective cancer treatment modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf F Barth
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - John C Grecula
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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Patnaik SS, Simionescu DT, Goergen CJ, Hoyt K, Sirsi S, Finol EA. Pentagalloyl Glucose and Its Functional Role in Vascular Health: Biomechanics and Drug-Delivery Characteristics. Ann Biomed Eng 2019; 47:39-59. [PMID: 30298373 PMCID: PMC6318003 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-018-02145-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pentagalloyl glucose (PGG) is an elastin-stabilizing polyphenolic compound that has significant biomedical benefits, such as being a free radical sink, an anti-inflammatory agent, anti-diabetic agent, enzymatic resistant properties, etc. This review article focuses on the important benefits of PGG on vascular health, including its role in tissue mechanics, the different modes of pharmacological administration (e.g., oral, intravenous and endovascular route, intraperitoneal route, subcutaneous route, and nanoparticle based delivery and microbubble-based delivery), and its potential therapeutic role in vascular diseases such as abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). In particular, the use of PGG for AAA suppression and prevention has been demonstrated to be effective only in the calcium chloride rat AAA model. Therefore, in this critical review we address the challenges that lie ahead for the clinical translation of PGG as an AAA growth suppressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav S Patnaik
- Vascular Biomechanics and Biofluids Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249-0670, USA
| | - Dan T Simionescu
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Craig J Goergen
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Kenneth Hoyt
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Shashank Sirsi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ender A Finol
- Vascular Biomechanics and Biofluids Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249-0670, USA.
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9
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Barth RF, Zhang Z, Liu T. A realistic appraisal of boron neutron capture therapy as a cancer treatment modality. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2018; 38:36. [PMID: 29914575 PMCID: PMC6006699 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-018-0280-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a binary therapeutic modality based on the nuclear capture and fission reactions that occur when the stable isotope boron-10 is irradiated with neutrons to produce high-energy alpha particles and recoiling lithium-7 nuclei. In this Commentary we will focus on a number of papers that were presented at a Symposium entitled "Current Clinical Status of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy and Paths to the Future", which was held in September 2017 at the China National Convention Center in Beijing. Results were presented by clinicians from Japan, Finland, the United States, the China mainland and Taiwan, China who have been working in the multiple disciplines that are required for carrying out clinical BNCT. The main focus was on the treatment of patients with malignant brain tumors, recurrent tumors of the head and neck region, and cutaneous melanomas. The results obtained in treating these patients were reported in detail and, although most of the patients with brain tumors and head and neck cancer were not cured, there was evidence of some clinical efficacy. Although there are a number of problems that must be addressed, further clinical studies to evaluate the efficacy of BNCT are warranted. First, despite considerable effort by numerous investigators over the past 40 years, there still are only two boron-containing drugs in clinical use, L-boronophenylalanine (BPA) and sodium borocaptate (BSH). Therefore, until new and more effective boron delivery agents are developed, efforts should be directed to improving the dosing and delivery of BPA and BSH. Second, due to a variety of reasons, nuclear reactor-based BNCT has ended except for its use in the China mainland and Taiwan. Therefore, the future of BNCT depends upon the results of the ongoing Phase II clinical trials that are being carried out in Japan and the soon to be initiated trials that will be carried out in Finland. If the results obtained from these clinical trials are sufficiently promising, then BNCT will have a clear path to the future, especially for patients with the therapeutically challenging malignancies that in the past have been treated with reactor-based BNCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf F. Barth
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Zizhu Zhang
- Beijing Capture Technology Company, Ltd., Beijing, 102445 P. R. China
| | - Tong Liu
- Beijing Capture Technology Company, Ltd., Beijing, 102445 P. R. China
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10
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Xiong F, Nirupama S, Sirsi SR, Lacko A, Hoyt K. Ultrasound-Stimulated Drug Delivery Using Therapeutic Reconstituted High-Density Lipoprotein Nanoparticles. Nanotheranostics 2017; 1:440-449. [PMID: 29188177 PMCID: PMC5704009 DOI: 10.7150/ntno.21905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The abnormal tumor vasculature and the resulting abnormal microenvironment are major barriers to optimal chemotherapeutic drug delivery. It is well known that ultrasound (US) can increase the permeability of the tumor vessel walls and enhance the accumulation of anticancer agents. Reconstituted high-density lipoproteins (rHDL) nanoparticles (NPs) allow selective delivery of anticancer agents to tumor cells via their overexpressed scavenger receptor type B1 (SR-B1) receptor. The goal of this study is to investigate the potential of noninvasive US therapy to further improve delivery and tumor uptake of the payload from rHDL NPs, preloaded with an infrared dye (IR-780), aimed to establish a surrogate chemotherapeutic model with optical localization. Athymic nude mice were implanted orthotopically with one million breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231/Luc). Three weeks later, animals were divided into seven groups with comparable mean tumor size: control, low, moderate, and high concentration of rHDL NPs alone groups, as well as these three levels of rHDL NPs plus US therapy groups (N = 7 to 12 animals per group), where low, moderate and high denote 5, 10, and 50 µg of the IR-780 dye payload per rHDL NP injection, respectively. The US therapy system included a single element focused transducer connected in series with a function generator and power amplifier. A custom 3D printed cone with an acoustically transparent aperture and filled with degassed water allowed delivery of focused US energy to the tumor tissue. US exposure involved a pulsed sequence applied for a duration of 5 min. Each animal in the US therapy groups received a slow bolus co-injection of MB contrast agent and rHDL NPs. Animals were imaged using a whole-body optical system to quantify intratumoral rHDL NP accumulation at baseline and again at 1 min, 30 min, 24 h, and 48 h. At 48 h, all animals were euthanized and tumors were excised for ex vivo analysis. We investigated a noninvasive optical imaging method for monitoring the effects of US-stimulated drug delivery of IR-780 dye-loaded rHDL NPs in living animals. No change in optical imaging data was found in the control animals. However, there was considerable dye accumulation (surrogate drug) within 48 h in the low (5 µg), moderate (10 µg), and high (50 µg) rHDL NP concentration-dosed group animals (p < 0.09). With US therapy added to the experimental protocol, there was an additional and significant increase in local tumor drug uptake at 48 h (p < 0.02). Optical image data collected from ex vivo tumor samples confirmed tumor retention of the IR-780 dye-loaded rHDL NPs and correlated positively with in vivo optical imaging results (R2 > 0.69, p < 0.003). IR-780 dye extraction from the tumor tissue samples confirmed the in vivo and ex vivo US therapy findings. Overall, the addition of US therapy considerably improved local rHDL NP accumulation in tumor tissue. This study concludes that US-mediated drug delivery can facilitate tumor uptake of rHDL NPs and more research is warranted to optimize the drug dosing schedule and the respective therapeutic protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Xiong
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080 USA.,Department of Medical Ultrasound, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sabnis Nirupama
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Texas Health Sciences Center, Fort Worth TX 76107 USA
| | - Shashank R Sirsi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080 USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390 USA
| | - Andras Lacko
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Texas Health Sciences Center, Fort Worth TX 76107 USA
| | - Kenneth Hoyt
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080 USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390 USA
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11
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Prince AC, Jani A, Korb M, Tipirneni KE, Kasten BB, Rosenthal EL, Warram JM. Characterizing the detection threshold for optical imaging in surgical oncology. J Surg Oncol 2017. [PMID: 28628728 DOI: 10.1002/jso.24733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Optical imaging to guide cancer resections is rapidly transitioning into the operating room. However, the sensitivity of this technique to detect subclinical disease is yet characterized. The purpose of this study was to determine the minimum range of cancer cells that can be detected by antibody-based fluorescence imaging. METHODS 2LMP (breast), COLO-205 (colon), MiaPaca-2 (pancreas), and SCC-1 (head and neck) cells incubated in vitro with cetuximab-IRDye800CW (dose range 8.6-86 nM) were implanted subcutaneously in mice (n = 3 mice, 5 tumors/mouse). Following incubation with 8.6 × 10-2 µM of cetuximab-IRDye800CW in vitro, serial dilutions of each cell type (1 × 103 -1 × 106 ) were implanted subcutaneously (n = 3, 5 tumors/mouse). Tumors were imaged with Pearl Impulse and Xenogen IVIS 100 imaging systems. Scatchard analysis was performed to determine receptor density and kinetics for each cell line. RESULTS Under conditions of minimal cetuximab-IRDye800CW exposure to low cellular quantity, closed-field fluorescence imaging theoretically detected a minimum of 4.2 × 104 -9.5 × 104 2LMP cells, 1.9 × 105 -4.5 × 105 MiaPaca-2 cells, and 2.4 × 104 -6.7 × 104 SCC-1 cells; COLO-205 cells could not be identified. Higher EGFR-mediated uptake of cetuximab correlated with sensitivity of detection. CONCLUSION This study supports the clinical utility of cetuximab-IRDye800CW to sensitively localize subclinical disease in the surgical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Prince
- School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Aditi Jani
- School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Melissa Korb
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Kiranya E Tipirneni
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Benjamin B Kasten
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Eben L Rosenthal
- Department of Otolaryngology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Jason M Warram
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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12
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Chen J, Ratnayaka S, Alford A, Kozlovskaya V, Liu F, Xue B, Hoyt K, Kharlampieva E. Theranostic Multilayer Capsules for Ultrasound Imaging and Guided Drug Delivery. ACS NANO 2017; 11:3135-3146. [PMID: 28263564 PMCID: PMC5682940 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite the accessibility of ultrasound, the clinical potential of ultrasound-active theranostic agents has not been fully realized because it requires combining sufficient imaging contrast, high encapsulation efficiency, and ultrasound-triggered release in one entity. We report on theranostic polymer microcapsules composed of hydrogen-bonded multilayers of tannic acid and poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) that produce high imaging contrast and deliver the anticancer drug doxorubicin upon low-power diagnostic or high-power therapeutic ultrasound irradiation. These capsules exhibit excellent imaging contrast in both brightness and harmonic modes and show prolonged contrast over six months, unlike commercially available microbubbles. We also demonstrate low-dose gradual and high-dose fast release of doxorubicin from the capsules by diagnostic (∼100 mW/cm2) and therapeutic (>10 W/cm2) ultrasound irradiation, respectively. We show that the imaging contrast of the capsules can be controlled by varying the number of layers, polymer type (relatively rigid tannic acid versus more flexible poly(methacrylic acid)), and polymer molecular weight. In vitro studies demonstrate that 50% doxorubicin release from ultrasound-treated capsules induces 97% cytotoxicity to MCF-7 human cancer cells, while no cytotoxicity is found without the treatment. Considering the strong ultrasound imaging contrast, high encapsulation efficiency, biocompatibility, and tunable drug release, these microcapsules can be used as theranostic agents for ultrasound-guided chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
| | - Sithira Ratnayaka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
| | - Aaron Alford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
| | - Veronika Kozlovskaya
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
| | - Bing Xue
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
| | - Kenneth Hoyt
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Eugenia Kharlampieva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
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13
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Aw MS, Paniwnyk L, Losic D. The progressive role of acoustic cavitation for non-invasive therapies, contrast imaging and blood-tumor permeability enhancement. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 13:1383-96. [PMID: 27195384 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2016.1192123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Drug delivery pertaining to acoustic cavitation generated from ultrasonic (US) irradiation is advantageous for devising smarter and more advanced therapeutics. The aim is to showcase microbubbles as drug carriers and robust theranostic for non-invasive therapies across diverse biomedical disciplines, highlighting recent technologies in this field for overcoming the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to treat cancers and neurological disorders. AREAS COVERED This article reviews work on the optimized tuning of ultrasonic parameters, sonoporation, transdermal and responsive drug delivery, acoustic cavitation in vasculature and oncology, contrast imaging for real-time magnification of cell-microbubble dynamics and biomolecular targeting. Scholarly literature was sought through database search on key terminology, latest topics, reputable experts and established journals over the last five years. EXPERT OPINION Cavitation offers immense promise in overcoming current diffusion and convection limitations for treating skull/brain/vascular/tissue injuries and ablating tumors to minimize chronic/acute effects. Since stable cavitation facilitates the restoration of US-opened BBB and the modulation of drug concentration, US equipment with programmable imaging modality and sensitivity are envisaged to create safer miniaturized devices for personalized care. Due to differing biomedical protocols with regard to specific medical conditions, quantitative and qualitative controls are mandatory before translation to real-life clinical applications can be accomplished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moom Sinn Aw
- a School of Chemical Engineering , The University of Adelaide , Adelaide , Australia.,b Faculty of Health and Life Sciences , Coventry University , West Midlands , UK
| | - Larysa Paniwnyk
- c Faculty of Health and Life Sciences , Coventry University , West Midlands , UK
| | - Dusan Losic
- a School of Chemical Engineering , The University of Adelaide , Adelaide , Australia
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Moore LS, de Boer E, Warram JM, Tucker MD, Carroll WR, Korb ML, Brandwein-Gensler MS, van Dam GM, Rosenthal EL. Photoimmunotherapy of residual disease after incomplete surgical resection in head and neck cancer models. Cancer Med 2016; 5:1526-34. [PMID: 27167827 PMCID: PMC4867660 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody‐based photodynamic therapy, or photoimmunotherapy (PIT), is a novel, targeted cancer therapy, which can serve as both a diagnostic and a therapeutic agent. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the capacity of panitumumab‐IRDye700DX (Pan‐IR700) to eliminate microscopic tumor remnants in the postsurgical setting, which was accomplished using novel in vitro and in vivo models of residual disease after incomplete resection. Additionally, PIT was evaluated in fresh human‐derived cancer tissue. To determine a threshold for cellular regrowth after PIT, an in vitro assay was performed using a range of cells representing microscopic disease quantities. Long‐term growth inhibition was induced after treatment of 5 × 103 and 1 × 104 cells at 6 J. A novel in vivo mouse model of subtotal tumor resection was used to assess the effectiveness of Pan‐IR700 mediated PIT to eliminate residual disease and inhibit recurrence in the post‐surgical wound bed. Mice receiving surgical treatment plus adjuvant PIT showed a threefold and fourfold reduction in tumor regrowth at 30 days post PIT in the 50% and 90% subtotal resection groups, respectively (as measured by bioluminescence imaging), demonstrating a significant (P < 0.001) reduction in tumor regrowth. To determine the translatability of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐targeted PIT, SCCHN human tissues (n = 12) were treated with Pan‐IR700. A significant reduction (P < 0.001) in ATP levels was observed after treatment with Pan‐IR700 and 100 J cm−2 (48% ± 5%) and 150 J cm−2 (49% ± 7%) when compared to baseline. Targeting EGFR with Pan‐IR700 has robust potential to provide a tumor‐specific mechanism for eliminating residual disease in the surgical setting, thereby increasing therapeutic efficacy, prolonging progression‐free survival, and decreasing morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay S Moore
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Esther de Boer
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jason M Warram
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Matthew D Tucker
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - William R Carroll
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Melissa L Korb
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | - Gooitzen M van Dam
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eben L Rosenthal
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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Zimmerman KA, Xing D, Pallero MA, Lu A, Ikawa M, Black L, Hoyt KL, Kabarowski JH, Michalak M, Murphy-Ullrich JE. Calreticulin Regulates Neointima Formation and Collagen Deposition following Carotid Artery Ligation. J Vasc Res 2016; 52:306-20. [PMID: 26910059 DOI: 10.1159/000443884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress protein, calreticulin (CRT), is required for the production of TGF-β-stimulated extracellular matrix (ECM) by fibroblasts. Since TGF-β regulates vascular fibroproliferative responses and collagen deposition, we investigated the effects of CRT knockdown on vascular smooth-muscle cell (VSMC) fibroproliferative responses and collagen deposition. METHODS Using a carotid artery ligation model of vascular injury, Cre-recombinase-IRES-GFP plasmid was delivered with microbubbles (MB) to CRT-floxed mice using ultrasound (US) to specifically reduce CRT expression in the carotid artery. RESULTS In vitro, Cre-recombinase-mediated CRT knockdown in isolated, floxed VSMCs decreased the CRT transcript and protein, and attenuated the induction of collagen I protein in response to TGF-β. TGF-β stimulation of collagen I was partly blocked by the NFAT inhibitor 11R-VIVIT. Following carotid artery ligation, CRT staining was upregulated with enhanced expression in the neointima 14-21 days after injury. Furthermore, Cre-recombinase-IRES-GFP plasmid delivered by targeted US reduced CRT expression in the neointima of CRT-floxed mice and led to a significant reduction in neointima formation and collagen deposition. The neointimal cell number was also reduced in mice, with a local, tissue-specific knockdown of CRT. CONCLUSIONS This work establishes a novel role for CRT in mediating VSMC responses to injury through the regulation of collagen deposition and neointima formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt A Zimmerman
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Ala., USA
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Qin J, Wang TY, Willmann JK. Sonoporation: Applications for Cancer Therapy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 880:263-91. [PMID: 26486343 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-22536-4_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic efficacy of both traditional chemotherapy and gene therapy in cancer is highly dependent on the ability to deliver drugs across natural barriers, such as the vessel wall or tumor cell membranes. In this regard, sonoporation induced by ultrasound-guided microbubble (USMB) destruction has been widely investigated in the enhancement of therapeutic drug delivery given it can help overcome these natural barriers, thereby increasing drug delivery into cancer. In this chapter we discuss challenges in current cancer therapy and how some of these challenges could be overcome using USMB-mediated drug delivery. We particularly focus on recent advances in delivery approaches that have been developed to further improve therapeutic efficiency and specificity of various cancer treatments. An example of clinical translation of USMB-mediated drug delivery is also shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Qin
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tzu-Yin Wang
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jürgen K Willmann
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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17
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Parsel SM, Grandis JR, Thomas SM. Nucleic acid targeting: towards personalized therapy for head and neck cancer. Oncogene 2015; 35:3217-26. [PMID: 26592450 PMCID: PMC4877278 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In light of a detailed characterization of genetic aberrations in cancer, nucleic acid targeting represents an attractive therapeutic approach with significant translational potential. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide with stagnant 5-year survival rates. Advances in conventional treatment have done little to improve survival and combined chemoradiation is associated with significant adverse effects. Recent reports have characterized the genetic alterations in HNSCC and demonstrated that mutations confer resistance to conventional and molecular targeted therapies. The ability to use specific nucleic acid sequences to inhibit cancer-associated genes including non-druggable targets facilitates personalized medicine approaches with less adverse effects. Additionally, advances in drug delivery mechanisms have increased the transfection efficiency aiding in greater therapeutic responses. Given these advances, the stage has been set to translate the information garnered from genomic studies into personalized treatment strategies. Genes involved in the tumor protein 53 (TP53) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathways have been extensively investigated and many promising preclinical studies have shown tumor inhibition through genetic modulation. We, and others, have demonstrated that targeting oncogene expression with gene therapy approaches is feasible in patients. Other methods such as RNA interference have proven to be effective and are potential candidates for clinical studies. This review summarizes the major advances in sequence-specific gene modulation in the preclinical setting and in clinical trials in head and neck cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Parsel
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - J R Grandis
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - S M Thomas
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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Paefgen V, Doleschel D, Kiessling F. Evolution of contrast agents for ultrasound imaging and ultrasound-mediated drug delivery. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:197. [PMID: 26441654 PMCID: PMC4584939 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound (US) is one of the most frequently used diagnostic methods. It is a non-invasive, comparably inexpensive imaging method with a broad spectrum of applications, which can be increased even more by using bubbles as contrast agents (CAs). There are various different types of bubbles: filled with different gases, composed of soft- or hard-shell materials, and ranging in size from nano- to micrometers. These intravascular CAs enable functional analyses, e.g., to acquire organ perfusion in real-time. Molecular analyses are achieved by coupling specific ligands to the bubbles' shell, which bind to marker molecules in the area of interest. Bubbles can also be loaded with or attached to drugs, peptides or genes and can be destroyed by US pulses to locally release the entrapped agent. Recent studies show that US CAs are also valuable tools in hyperthermia-induced ablation therapy of tumors, or can increase cellular uptake of locally released drugs by enhancing membrane permeability. This review summarizes important steps in the development of US CAs and introduces the current clinical applications of contrast-enhanced US. Additionally, an overview of the recent developments in US probe design for functional and molecular diagnosis as well as for drug delivery is given.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fabian Kiessling
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, AachenGermany
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Ji Y, Han Z, Shao L, Zhao Y. Antitumor effects of combining tumor radiation with the antivascular action of ultrasound stimulated microbubbles. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:9958-9974. [PMID: 26617705 PMCID: PMC4637790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE More and more evidence indicates tumor vasculature plays an important role in tumor radiation response. In this study, we investigated ultrasound stimulated microbubbles to enhance the effects of radiation. METHODS Human bladder cancer HT-1376 xenografts in severe combined immuno-deficient mice were used. High-frequency (25 MHz) ultrasound was used to image tumor responses caused by ultrasound-stimulated microbubbles in combination with radiation. Human bladder xenografts grown in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice were treated using microbubbles stimulated with ultrasound at 250, 570, or 750 kPa, and exposed to 0, 2, or 8 Gy of radiation. Tumors were imaged prior to treatment and 24 hours after treatment. Spectral analysis of images acquired from treated tumors revealed overall increases in ultrasound backscatter intensity and the spectral intercept parameter. RESULTS There existed a synergistic effect in vivo with combined single treatments of ultrasound-stimulated microbubble vascular perturbation and radiation inducing an over 10-fold greater cell kill with combined treatments. We further demonstrate that induction of ceramide-related endothelial cell apoptosis, leading to vascular disruption, is a causative mechanism. In vivo experiments with ultrasound and bubbles permit radiation doses to be decreased significantly for comparable effect. CONCLUSION We envisage this unique combined ultrasound-based vascular perturbation and radiation treatment method being used to enhance the effects of radiation in a tumor, leading to greater tumor eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlei Ji
- Department of Special Diagnosis, Shandong Cancer Hospital and InstituteChina
| | - Zhen Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jinan Second People’s HospitalChina
| | - Limei Shao
- Department of Special Diagnosis, Shandong Cancer Hospital and InstituteChina
| | - Yuehuan Zhao
- Department of Special Diagnosis, Shandong Cancer Hospital and InstituteChina
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Activation of dormant secondary metabolite production by introducing neomycin resistance into the deep-sea fungus, Aspergillus versicolor ZBY-3. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:4326-52. [PMID: 25076061 PMCID: PMC4145319 DOI: 10.3390/md12084326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A new ultrasound-mediated approach has been developed to introduce neomycin-resistance to activate silent pathways for secondary metabolite production in a bio-inactive, deep-sea fungus, Aspergillus versicolor ZBY-3. Upon treatment of the ZBY-3 spores with a high concentration of neomycin by proper ultrasound irradiation, a total of 30 mutants were obtained by single colony isolation. The acquired resistance of the mutants to neomycin was confirmed by a resistance test. In contrast to the ZBY-3 strain, the EtOAc extracts of 22 of the 30 mutants inhibited the human cancer K562 cells, indicating that these mutants acquired a capability to produce antitumor metabolites. HPLC-photodiode array detector (PDAD)-UV and HPLC-electron spray ionization (ESI)-MS analyses of the EtOAc extracts of seven bioactive mutants and the ZBY-3 strain indicated that diverse secondary metabolites have been newly produced in the mutant extracts in contrast to the ZBY-3 extract. The followed isolation and characterization demonstrated that six metabolites, cyclo(d-Pro-d-Phe) (1), cyclo(d-Tyr-d-Pro) (2), phenethyl 5-oxo-l-prolinate (3), cyclo(l-Ile-l-Pro) (4), cyclo(l-Leu-l-Pro) (5) and 3β,5α,9α-trihydroxy-(22E,24R)-ergosta-7,22-dien-6-one (6), were newly produced by the mutant u2n2h3-3 compared to the parent ZBY-3 strain. Compound 3 was a new compound; 2 was isolated from a natural source for the first time, and all of these compounds were also not yet found in the metabolites of other A. versicolor strains. Compounds 1–6 inhibited the K562 cells, with inhibition rates of 54.6% (1), 72.9% (2), 23.5% (3), 29.6% (4), 30.9% (5) and 51.1% (6) at 100 μg/mL, and inhibited also other human cancer HL-60, BGC-823 and HeLa cells, to some extent. The present study demonstrated the effectiveness of the ultrasound-mediated approach to activate silent metabolite production in fungi by introducing acquired resistance to aminoglycosides and its potential for discovering new compounds from silent fungal metabolic pathways. This approach could be applied to elicit the metabolic potentials of other fungal isolates to discover new compounds from cryptic secondary metabolites.
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Upadhyay RK. Drug delivery systems, CNS protection, and the blood brain barrier. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:869269. [PMID: 25136634 PMCID: PMC4127280 DOI: 10.1155/2014/869269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Present review highlights various drug delivery systems used for delivery of pharmaceutical agents mainly antibiotics, antineoplastic agents, neuropeptides, and other therapeutic substances through the endothelial capillaries (BBB) for CNS therapeutics. In addition, the use of ultrasound in delivery of therapeutic agents/biomolecules such as proline rich peptides, prodrugs, radiopharmaceuticals, proteins, immunoglobulins, and chimeric peptides to the target sites in deep tissue locations inside tumor sites of brain has been explained. In addition, therapeutic applications of various types of nanoparticles such as chitosan based nanomers, dendrimers, carbon nanotubes, niosomes, beta cyclodextrin carriers, cholesterol mediated cationic solid lipid nanoparticles, colloidal drug carriers, liposomes, and micelles have been discussed with their recent advancements. Emphasis has been given on the need of physiological and therapeutic optimization of existing drug delivery methods and their carriers to deliver therapeutic amount of drug into the brain for treatment of various neurological diseases and disorders. Further, strong recommendations are being made to develop nanosized drug carriers/vehicles and noninvasive therapeutic alternatives of conventional methods for better therapeutics of CNS related diseases. Hence, there is an urgent need to design nontoxic biocompatible drugs and develop noninvasive delivery methods to check posttreatment clinical fatalities in neuropatients which occur due to existing highly toxic invasive drugs and treatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kant Upadhyay
- Department of Zoology, DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur 273009, India
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