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Almashakbeh Y, Shamimi H, Callejas A, Rus G. Using torsional wave elastography to evaluate spring pot parameters in skin tumor mimicking phantoms. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16058. [PMID: 38992074 PMCID: PMC11239839 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66621-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Estimating the tissue parameters of skin tumors is crucial for diagnosis and effective therapy in dermatology and related fields. However, identifying the most sensitive biomarkers require an optimal rheological model for simulating skin behavior this remains an ongoing research endeavor. Additionally, the multi-layered structure of the skin introduces further complexity to this task. In order to surmount these challenges, an inverse problem methodology, in conjunction with signal analysis techniques, is being employed. In this study, a fractional rheological model is presented to enhance the precision of skin tissue parameter estimation from the acquired signal from torsional wave elastography technique (TWE) on skin tumor-mimicking phantoms for lab validation and the estimation of the thickness of the cancerous layer. An exhaustive analysis of the spring-pot model (SP) solved by the finite difference time domain (FDTD) is conducted. The results of experiments performed using a TWE probe designed and prototyped in the laboratory were validated against ultrafast imaging carried out by the Verasonics Research System. Twelve tissue-mimicking phantoms, which precisely simulated the characteristics of skin tissue, were prepared for our experimental setting. The experimental data from these bi-layer phantoms were measured using a TWE probe, and the parameters of the skin tissue were estimated using inverse problem-solving. The agreement between the two datasets was evaluated by comparing the experimental data obtained from the TWE technique with simulated data from the SP- FDTD model using Pearson correlation, dynamic time warping (DTW), and time-frequency representation. Our findings show that the SP-FDTD model and TWE are capable of determining the mechanical properties of both layers in a bilayer phantom, using a single signal and an inverse problem approach. The ultrafast imaging and the validation of TWE results further demonstrate the robustness and reliability of our technology for a realistic range of phantoms. This fusion of the SP-FDTD model and TWE, as well as inverse problem-solving methods has the potential to have a considerable impact on diagnoses and treatments in dermatology and related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Almashakbeh
- Department of Allied Engineering Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan.
| | - Hirad Shamimi
- Department of Structural Mechanics, University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.GRANADA, Granada, 18012, Spain
| | - Antonio Callejas
- Department of Structural Mechanics, University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.GRANADA, Granada, 18012, Spain
- Excellence Research Unit, "Modelling Nature" (MNat), Granada, 18071, Spain
| | - Guillermo Rus
- Department of Structural Mechanics, University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, ibs.GRANADA, Granada, 18012, Spain
- Excellence Research Unit, "Modelling Nature" (MNat), Granada, 18071, Spain
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Chen Q, Li Z, Deng M, Peng J, Zhu X, Zhang C. Quantitative Evaluation of the Lumbar Multifidus Muscle by Shear Wave Dispersion in Healthy Adults: A Preliminary Study. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2024; 43:863-872. [PMID: 38240408 DOI: 10.1002/jum.16416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the application value of shear wave dispersion (SWD) in healthy adults with the lumbar multifidus muscle (LMM), to determine the range of normal reference values, and to analyze the influences of factors on the parameter. METHODS Ninety-five healthy volunteers participated in the study, from whom 2-dimensional, shear wave elastography (SWE), and SWD images of the bilateral LMM were acquired in three positions (prone, standing, and anterior flexion). Subcutaneous fat thickness (SFH), SWE velocity, and SWD slope were measured accordingly for analyses. RESULTS The mean SWD slope of the bilateral LMM in the prone position was as follows: left: 14.8 ± 3.1 (m/second)/kHz (female) and 13.0 ± 2.5 (m/second)/kHz (male); right: 14.8 ± 3.7 (m/second)/kHz (female) and 14.2 ± 3.4 (m/second)/kHz (male). In the prone position, there was a weak negative correlation between the bilateral LMM SWD slope of activity level 2 and level 1 (β = -1.5 (2 versus 1, left), -1.9 (2 versus 1, right), all P < .05), and between the left SWD slope of activity level 3 and level 1 (β = -2.3 [3 versus 1, left], P < .05). The correlation between SWE velocity and SWD slope value changed with the position: there was a weak positive correlation in the prone position (r = 0.3 [left], 0.37 [right], both P < .05), and a moderate positive correlation in the standing and anterior flexed positions (r = 0.49-0.74, both P < .001). SFH was moderately negatively correlated with bilateral SWD slope values in the anterior flexion (left: r = -0.4, P = .01; right: r = -0.7, P < .01). CONCLUSIONS SWD imaging can be used as an adjunct tool to aid in the assessment of viscosity in LMM. Further, activity level, and position are influencing factors that should be considered in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxiang Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhenzhou Li
- Department of Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Meifang Deng
- Department of Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiayu Peng
- Department of Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiangming Zhu
- Department of Ultrasound, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Chaoxue Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Hossain MM, Konofagou EE. Feasibility of Phase Velocity Imaging Using Multi Frequency Oscillation-Shear Wave Elastography. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2024; 71:607-620. [PMID: 37647191 PMCID: PMC10873514 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2023.3309996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess viscoelasticity, a pathologically relevant biomarker, shear wave elastography (SWE) generally uses phase velocity (PV) dispersion relationship generated via pulsed acoustic radiation force (ARF) excitation pulse. In this study, a multi-frequency oscillation (MFO)- excitation pulse with higher weight to higher frequencies is proposed to generate PV images via the generation of motion with energy concentrated at the target frequencies in contrast to the broadband frequency motion generated in pulsed SWE (PSWE). METHODS The feasibility of MFO-SWE to generate PV images at 100 to 1000 Hz in steps of 100 Hz was investigated by imaging 6 and 70 kPa inclusions with 6.5 and 10.4 mm diameter and ex vivo bovine liver with and without the presence of an aberration layer and chicken muscle ex vivo, and 4T1 mouse breast tumor, in vivo with comparisons to PSWE. RESULTS MFO-SWE-derived CNR was statistically higher than PSWE for 6 kPa (both with and without aberration) and 70 kPa (with aberration) inclusions and derived SNR of the liver was statistically higher than PSWE at higher frequency (600-1000 Hz). Quantitatively, at 600-1000 Hz, MFO-SWE improved CNR of inclusions (without and with) aberration on an average by (8.2 and 156)% and of the tumor by 122%, respectively, and improved SNR of the liver (without and with) aberration by (20.2 and 51.5)% and of chicken muscle by 72%, respectively compared to the PSWE. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE These results indicate the advantages of MFO-SWE to improve PV estimation at higher frequencies which could improve viscoelasticity quantification and feature delineation.
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Lim WTH, Ooi EH, Foo JJ, Ng KH, Wong JHD, Leong SS. The role of shear viscosity as a biomarker for improving chronic kidney disease detection using shear wave elastography: A computational study using a validated finite element model. ULTRASONICS 2023; 133:107046. [PMID: 37247461 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2023.107046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The application of ultrasound shear wave elastography for detecting chronic kidney disease, namely renal fibrosis, has been widely studied. A good correlation between tissue Young's modulus and the degree of renal impairment has been established. However, the current limitation of this imaging modality pertains to the linear elastic assumption used in quantifying the stiffness of renal tissue in commercial shear wave elastography systems. As such, when underlying medical conditions such as acquired cystic kidney disease, which may potentially influence the viscous component of renal tissue, is present concurrently with renal fibrosis, the accuracy of the imaging modality in detecting chronic kidney disease may be affected. The findings in this study demonstrate that quantifying the stiffness of linear viscoelastic tissue using an approach similar to those implemented in commercial shear wave elastography systems led to percentage errors as high as 87%. The findings presented indicate that use of shear viscosity to detect changes in renal impairment led to a reduction in percentage error to values as low as 0.3%. For cases in which renal tissue was affected by multiple medical conditions, shear viscosity was found to be a good indicator in gauging the reliability of the Young's modulus (quantified through a shear wave dispersion analysis) in detecting chronic kidney disease. The findings show that percentage error in stiffness quantification can be reduced to as low as 0.6%. The present study demonstrates the potential use of renal shear viscosity as a biomarker to improve the detection of chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- William T H Lim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Ean H Ooi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Ji J Foo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kwan H Ng
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Springhill, Negri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Jeannie H D Wong
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sook S Leong
- Centre of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
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Sharma A, Marapureddy SG, Paul A, Bisht SR, Kakkar M, Thareja P, Mercado-Shekhar KP. Characterizing Viscoelastic Polyvinyl Alcohol Phantoms for Ultrasound Elastography. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2023; 49:497-511. [PMID: 36328889 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2022.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound phantoms mimic the acoustic and mechanical properties of native tissues. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) phantoms are used extensively as models for validating ultrasound elastography approaches. However, the viscous properties of PVA phantoms have not been investigated adequately. Glycerol is a viscous liquid that has been reported to increase the speed of sound of phantoms. This study aims to assess the acoustic and viscoelastic properties of PVA phantoms and PVA mixed with glycerol at varying concentrations. The phantoms were fabricated with 10% w/v PVA in water with varying concentrations of glycerol (10%, 15% and 20% v/v) and 2% w/v silicon carbide particles as acoustic scatterers. The phantoms were subjected to either one, two, or three 24-h freeze-thaw cycles. The longitudinal sound speeds of all PVA phantoms were measured, and ranged from 1529 to 1660 m/s. Attenuation spectroscopy was performed in the range of 5 to 20 MHz. The measured attenuation followed a power-law relationship with frequency, wherein the power-law fit constants and exponents ranged from 0.02 to 0.1 dB/cm/MHzn and from 1.6 to 1.9, respectively. These results were in agreement with previous reports for soft tissues. Viscoelasticity of PVA phantoms was assessed using rheometry. The estimated values of shear modulus and viscosity using the Kelvin-Voigt and Kelvin-Voigt fractional derivative models were within the range of previously-reported tissue-mimicking phantoms and soft tissues. The number of freeze-thaw cycles were shown to alter the viscosity of PVA phantoms, even in the absence of glycerol. Scanning electron microscopy images of PVA phantoms without glycerol showed a porous hydrogel network, in contrast to those of PVA-glycerol phantoms with non-porous structure. Phantoms fabricated in this study possess tunable acoustic and viscoelastic properties within the range reported for healthy and diseased soft tissues. This study demonstrates that PVA phantoms can be manufactured with glycerol for applications in ultrasound elastography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Sharma
- Discipline of Biological Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Sai Geetha Marapureddy
- Discipline of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Abhijit Paul
- Discipline of Biological Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Sapna R Bisht
- Discipline of Biological Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Manik Kakkar
- Discipline of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Prachi Thareja
- Discipline of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Karla P Mercado-Shekhar
- Discipline of Biological Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India.
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Li Y, Gao Q, Chen N, Zhang Y, Wang J, Li C, He X, Jiao Y, Zhang Z. Clinical studies of magnetic resonance elastography from 1995 to 2021: Scientometric and visualization analysis based on CiteSpace. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2022; 12:5080-5100. [PMID: 36330182 PMCID: PMC9622435 DOI: 10.21037/qims-22-207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess the knowledge framework around magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) and to explore MRE research hotspots and emerging trends. METHODS The Science Citation Index Expanded of the Web of Science Core Collection was searched on 22 October 2021 for MRE-related studies published between 1995 and 2021. Excel 2016 and CiteSpace V (version 5.8.R3) were used to analyze the downloaded data. RESULTS In all, 1,236 articles published by 726 authors from 540 institutions in 40 countries were included in this study. The top 10 authors published 57.6% of all included articles. The 3 most productive countries were the USA (n=631), Germany (n=202), and France (n=134), and the 3 most productive institutions were the Mayo Clinic (n=240), Charité (n=131), and the University of Illinois (n=56). The USA and the Mayo Clinic had the highest betweenness centrality among countries and institutions, respectively, and played an important role in the field of MRE. In this study, the 24,347 distinct references were clustered into 48 categories via reasonable clustering using specific keywords, forming the knowledge framework. Among the 294 co-occurring keywords, "hepatic fibrosis", "stiffness", "skeletal muscle", "acoustic strain wave", "in vivo", and "non-invasive assessment" were research hotspots. "Diagnostic performance", "diagnostic accuracy", "hepatic steatosis", "chronic hepatitis B", "radiation force impulse", "children", and "echo" were frontier topics. CONCLUSIONS Scientometric and visualized analysis of MRE can provide information regarding the knowledge framework, research hotspots, frontier areas, and emerging trends in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youwei Li
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Na Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanfang Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Li
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan He
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- Department of Rehabilitation Psychology, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zongming Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Electric Power Hospital, State Grid Corporation of China, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Viscosity Plane-Wave UltraSound (Vi PLUS) in the Evaluation of Thyroid Gland in Healthy Volunteers-A Preliminary Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12102474. [PMID: 36292163 PMCID: PMC9600479 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12102474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Viscosity and elasticity represent biomechanical properties of soft tissues that suffer changes during the pathophysiological alterations of the tissue in various conditions. This study aimed to determine average viscosity values for the thyroid gland and to evaluate the potential influences of age, gender and body mass index (BMI), using a recent technique Viscosity Plane-wave UltraSound (Vi PLUS). A total of 85 healthy Caucasian volunteers (56 women and 29 men, median age of 29 years, range 17−81 years) were included in this prospective monocentric study conducted between January 2022 and March 2022. Thyroid viscosity was measured using the SuperSonic MACH 30® Ultrasound system (Aixplorer, SuperSonic Imagine, Aix-en-Provence, France), equipped with a curvilinear C6-IX transducer that allows simultaneous quantification of the viscosity and stiffness. The mean thyroid viscosity measurement value was 2.63 ± 0.47 Pa.s. No statistically significant differences were detected between the left and the right lobes of the thyroid gland. A significant positive correlation was found between thyroid viscosity and elasticity (r = 0.685, p < 0.0001). There was no statistically significant correlation between body mass index (BMI) and thyroid gland viscosity and elasticity values (r = 0.215, p = 0.053; r = 0.106, p = 0.333). No correlation between viscosity and gender was established (p > 0.05). Vi PLUS represents a new and promising ultrasonographic technique that can provide helpful information for evaluating the thyroid parenchyma, similar to elastography. The effect of the potential confounding factors on thyroid viscosity was negligible, except for BMI.
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Li N, Gaur P, Quah K, Pauly KB. Improving in situ acoustic intensity estimates using MR acoustic radiation force imaging in combination with multifrequency MR elastography. Magn Reson Med 2022; 88:1673-1689. [PMID: 35762849 PMCID: PMC9439407 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Magnetic resonance acoustic radiation force imaging (MR-ARFI) enables focal spot localization during nonablative transcranial ultrasound therapies. As the acoustic radiation force is proportional to the applied acoustic intensity, measured MR-ARFI displacements could potentially be used to estimate the acoustic intensity at the target. However, variable brain stiffness is an obstacle. The goal of this study was to develop and assess a method to accurately estimate the acoustic intensity at the focus using MR-ARFI displacements in combination with viscoelastic properties obtained with multifrequency MR elastography (MRE). METHODS Phantoms with a range of viscoelastic properties were fabricated, and MR-ARFI displacements were acquired within each phantom using multiple acoustic intensities. Voigt model parameters were estimated for each phantom based on storage and loss moduli measured using multifrequency MRE, and these were used to predict the relationship between acoustic intensity and measured displacement. RESULTS Using assumed viscoelastic properties, MR-ARFI displacements alone could not accurately estimate acoustic intensity across phantoms. For example, acoustic intensities were underestimated in phantoms stiffer than the assumed stiffness and overestimated in phantoms softer than the assumed stiffness. This error was greatly reduced using individualized viscoelasticity measurements obtained from MRE. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that viscoelasticity information from MRE could be used in combination with MR-ARFI displacements to obtain more accurate estimates of acoustic intensity. Additionally, Voigt model viscosity parameters were found to be predictive of the relaxation rate of each phantom's time-varying displacement response, which could be used to optimize patient-specific MR-ARFI pulse sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningrui Li
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Pooja Gaur
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Kristin Quah
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Kim Butts Pauly
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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Singh A, Pati F, John R. Quantifying viscosity and elasticity using holographic imaging by Rayleigh wave dispersion. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:2214-2217. [PMID: 35486763 DOI: 10.1364/ol.451464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Viscoelasticity is an important diagnostic parameter to investigate physiological dysfunctions in biological tissues. This Letter reports the quantification of viscoelastic parameters by Rayleigh wave tracing on the surface of tissue-mimicking phantoms using holographic imaging. The Rayleigh wave is induced by an electromechanical actuator on the surface of oil-in-gelatin phantoms and a biological tissue sample followed by holographic imaging and reconstruction of the wave. The frequency-dependent velocity dispersion is fitted to a Voigt model for the quantification of viscous and elastic moduli. The viscoelastic parameters calculated by the proposed method are validated by comparing the results from a conventional mechanical rheometer.
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Li R, Bu Y, Yang C, Wang J. Effects of Lipid Deposition on Viscoelastic Response in Human Hepatic Cell Line HepG2. Front Physiol 2021; 12:684121. [PMID: 34539426 PMCID: PMC8440969 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.684121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic steatosis is associated with various liver diseases. The main pathological feature of steatosis is the excessive lipid accumulation. Ultrasound has been extensively used for the diagnosis of hepatic steatosis. However, most ultrasound-based non-invasive methods are still not accurate enough for cases with light lipid infiltration. One important reason is that the extent to which lipid infiltration may affect mechanical properties of hepatocytes remains unknown. In this work, we used atomic force microscope and in vitro dose-dependent lipid deposition model to detect the quantitative changes of mechanical properties under different degrees of steatosis in a single-cell level. The results show that hepatic cells with lipid deposition can be treated as linear viscoelastic materials with the power law creep compliance and relaxation modulus. Further analysis showed that even slight accumulation of lipid can lead to measurable decrease of stiffness and increased fluidity in liver cells. The accurate detection of viscoelastic properties of hepatocytes and the analysis methods may provide novel insights into hepatic steatosis grading, especially in the very early stage with reversible liver lesion. The application of viscoelasticity index for grading fat deposition might be a new detection indicator in future clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Mechanics on Disaster and Environment in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yang Bu
- Key Laboratory of Mechanics on Disaster and Environment in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chendong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Mechanics on Disaster and Environment in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jizeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mechanics on Disaster and Environment in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Lim WTH, Ooi EH, Foo JJ, Ng KH, Wong JHD, Leong SS. Shear Wave Elastography: A Review on the Confounding Factors and Their Potential Mitigation in Detecting Chronic Kidney Disease. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2021; 47:2033-2047. [PMID: 33958257 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2021.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Early detection of chronic kidney disease is important to prevent progression of irreversible kidney damage, reducing the need for renal transplantation. Shear wave elastography is ideal as a quantitative imaging modality to detect chronic kidney disease because of its non-invasive nature, low cost and portability, making it highly accessible. However, the complexity of the kidney architecture and its tissue properties give rise to various confounding factors that affect the reliability of shear wave elastography in detecting chronic kidney disease, thus limiting its application to clinical trials. The objective of this review is to highlight the confounding factors presented by the complex properties of the kidney, in addition to outlining potential mitigation strategies, along with the prospect of increasing the versatility and reliability of shear wave elastography in detecting chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- William T H Lim
- School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Ean H Ooi
- School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia; Advanced Engineering Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.
| | - Ji J Foo
- School of Engineering, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Kwan H Ng
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; University of Malaya Research Imaging Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jeannie H D Wong
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; University of Malaya Research Imaging Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sook S Leong
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Biomedical Imaging, University of Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Effective elastic modulus of an intact cornea related to indentation behavior: A comparison between the Hertz model and Johnson-Kendall-Roberts model. Exp Eye Res 2021; 209:108670. [PMID: 34129848 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a macro-indentation test on the submillimeter scale was performed to analyze the indentation behavior of an intact cornea under physiological pressures. The Hertz and Johnson-Kendall-Roberts (JKR) models were employed to solve the elastic modulus (E) of the intact cornea. The relevant detailed analysis showed that the JKR model, which accounted for the contribution from the adhesion energy, could be used to obtain the E values that were more than two-folds of those obtained from the Hertz model, which only considered the external force. Compared with the uniaxial tension test in vitro, unlike the elastic Hertz-model, the E values under physiological pressures that were obtained with the JKR model were between the lower and upper limits of corneal material. This phenomenon indicated that the JKR model could be used to obtain reasonably effective E values of an intact cornea under physiological pressures.
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Pi Z, Wang M, Lin H, Guo Y, Chen S, Diao X, Xia H, Liu G, Zeng J, Zhang X, Chen X. Viscoelasticity measured by shear wave elastography in a rat model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: comparison with dynamic mechanical analysis. Biomed Eng Online 2021; 20:45. [PMID: 33941179 PMCID: PMC8091696 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-021-00879-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is rapidly becoming one of the most common liver diseases. Ultrasound elastography has been used for the diagnosis of NAFLD. However, clinical research on steatosis by elastography technology has mainly focused on steatosis with fibrosis or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), while steatosis without fibrosis has been poorly studied. Moreover, the relationship between liver viscoelasticity and steatosis grade is not clear. In this study, we evaluated the degree of liver steatosis in a simple steatosis rat model using shear wave elastography (SWE). RESULTS The viscoelasticity values of 69 rats with hepatic steatosis were measured quantitatively by SWE in vivo and validated by a dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) test. Pathological sections were used to determine the steatosis grade for each rat. The results showed that the elasticity values µ obtained by the two methods followed the same trend, and µ is significantly correlated with liver steatosis. The Pearson's correlation coefficients indicate that [Formula: see text] obtained by SWE is positively linear correlated with DMA (r = 0.628, p = 7.85 × 10-9). However, the viscosity values [Formula: see text] obtained by SWE were relatively independent of those obtained by DMA with a correlation coefficient of - 0.01. The combined Voigt elasticity measurements have high validity in the prediction of steatosis (S0 vs. S1-S4), with an AUROC of 0.755 (95% CI 0.6175-0.8925, p < 0.01) and the optimal cutoff value was 2.08 kPa with a sensitivity of 78% and specificity of 63%. CONCLUSION SWE might have the feasibility to be introduced as an auxiliary technique for NAFLD patients in clinical settings. However, the viscosity results measured by SWE and DMA are significantly different, because the two methods work in different frequency bands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoke Pi
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Mengke Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Haoming Lin
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Yanrong Guo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Siping Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Xianfen Diao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Hui Xia
- Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Guoqiang Liu
- Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Jie Zeng
- Department of Medical Ultrasonics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Shenzhen, 518000, China.
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Shenzhen, 518000, China.
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Kijanka P, Urban MW. Phase Velocity Estimation With Expanded Bandwidth in Viscoelastic Phantoms and Tissues. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2021; 40:1352-1362. [PMID: 33502973 PMCID: PMC8087630 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2021.3054950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound shear wave elastography (SWE) is a technique used to measure mechanical properties to evaluate healthy and pathological soft tissues. SWE typically employs an acoustic radiation force (ARF) to generate laterally propagating shear waves that are tracked in the spatiotemporal domains, and algorithms are used to estimate the wave velocity. The tissue viscoelasticity is often examined through analyzing the shear wave phase velocity dispersion curves, which is the variation of phase velocity with frequency or wavelength. A number of available methods to estimate dispersion exist, which can differ in resolution and variance. Moreover, most of these techniques reconstruct dispersion curves for a limited frequency band. In this work, we propose a novel method used for dispersion curve calculation. Our unique approach uses a generalized Stockwell transformation combined with a slant frequency-wavenumber analysis (GST-SFK). We tested the GST-SFK method on numerical phantom data generated using a finite-difference-based method in tissue-mimicking viscoelastic media. In addition, we evaluated the method on numerical shear wave motion data with different amounts of white Gaussian noise added. Additionally, we performed tests on data from custom-made tissue-mimicking viscoelastic phantom experiments, ex vivo porcine liver measurements, and in vivo liver tissue experiments. We compared results from our method with two other techniques used for estimating shear wave phase velocity: the two-dimensional Fourier transform (2D-FT) and the eigenvector (EV) method. Tests carried out revealed that the GST-SFK method provides dispersion curve estimates with lower errors over a wider frequency band in comparison to the 2D-FT and EV methods. In addition, the GST-SFK provides expanded bandwidth by a factor of two or more to be used for phase velocity estimation, which is meaningful for a tissue dispersion analysis in vivo.
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Hossain MM, Saharkhiz N, Konofagou EE. Feasibility of Harmonic Motion Imaging Using a Single Transducer: In Vivo Imaging of Breast Cancer in a Mouse Model and Human Subjects. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2021; 40:1390-1404. [PMID: 33523806 PMCID: PMC8136334 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2021.3055779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Harmonic motion imaging (HMI) interrogates the mechanical properties of tissues by simultaneously generating and tracking harmonic oscillation using focused ultrasound and imaging transducers, respectively. Instead of using two transducers, the objective of this work is to develop a single transducer HMI (ST-HMI) to both generate and track harmonic motion at "on-axis" to the force for facilitating data acquisition. In ST-HMI, the amplitude-modulated force was generated by modulating excitation pulse duration and tracking of motion was performed by transmitting tracking pulses interleaved between excitation pulses. The feasibility of ST-HMI was performed by imaging two elastic phantoms with three inclusions (N = 6) and comparing it with acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging, in vivo longitudinal monitoring of 4T1, orthotropic breast cancer mice (N = 4), and patients (N = 3) with breast masses in vivo. Six inclusions with Young's moduli of 8, 10, 15, 20, 40, and 60 kPa were embedded in a 5 kPa background. The ST-HMI-derived peak-to-peak displacement (P2PD) successfully detected all inclusions with [Formula: see text] of the linear regression between the P2PD ratio of background to inclusion versus Young's moduli ratio of inclusion to background. The contrasts of 10 and 15 kPa inclusions were higher in ST-HMI than ARFI-derived images. In the mouse study, the median P2PD ratio of tumor to non-cancerous tissues was 3.0, 5.1, 6.1, and 7.7 at 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks post-injection of the tumor cells, respectively. In the clinical study, ST-HMI detected breast masses including fibroadenoma, pseudo angiomatous stromal hyperplasia, and invasive ductal carcinoma with a P2PD ratio of 1.37, 1.61, and 1.78, respectively. These results indicate that ST-HMI can assess the mechanical properties of tissues via generation and tracking of harmonic motion "on-axis" to the ARF. This study is the first step towards translating ST-HMI in clinics.
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Hossain MM, Gallippi CM. Viscoelastic Response Ultrasound Derived Relative Elasticity and Relative Viscosity Reflect True Elasticity and Viscosity: In Silico and Experimental Demonstration. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2020; 67:1102-1117. [PMID: 31899421 PMCID: PMC7341692 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2019.2962789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Viscoelastic response (VisR) ultrasound characterizes the viscoelastic properties of tissue by fitting acoustic radiation force (ARF)-induced displacements in the region of ARF excitation to a 1-D mass-spring-damper (MSD) model. Elasticity and viscosity are calculated separately but relative to the applied ARF amplitude. We refer to these parameters as "relative elasticity (RE)" and "relative viscosity (RV)." We herein test the hypothesis that RE and RV linearly correlate to true elasticity and viscosity in tissue. VisR imaging was simulated in 144 homogeneous viscoelastic materials with varying elasticities and viscosities. Derived RE linearly correlated with material elasticity and varied by an average of 2.52% when the material viscosity changed from 0.1 to 1.3 Pa · s. Derived RV linearly correlated with material viscosity but varied by an average of 102.5% when material elasticity changed from 3.33 to 20 kPa. The effect of elasticity on RV measurement was compensated using the slope of the linear relationship between RV and natural frequency ( ωtextn ). After compensation, RV [Formula: see text] (elasticity compensated RV) linearly correlated with material viscosity and varied by less than 1.00% on average when the modeled shear elastic modulus changed from 3.3 to 20 kPa. In addition to elasticity compensation, variation in ARF amplitude over depth was compensated, yielding REDC and [Formula: see text]. REDC and [Formula: see text] successfully contrasted elastic and viscous inclusions, respectively, in three simulated phantoms. Experimentally, in the homogeneous oil-in-gelatin phantoms and excised livers, REDC linearly correlated with shear wave dispersion ultrasound vibrometry (SDUV) derived shear elastic modulus, and [Formula: see text] linearly correlated with SDUV-derived shear viscosity. In excised livers containing viscoelastic oil-in-gelatin inclusions, the inclusions were successfully contrasted from the liver background by both REDC and [Formula: see text]. These results suggest that RE and RV are relevant for qualitatively assessing the elastic and viscous properties of tissue.
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Yang F, Chen Z, Xing D. Single-Cell Photoacoustic Microrheology. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2020; 39:1791-1800. [PMID: 31825862 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2019.2958112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Rheological properties, such as elasticity and viscosity, are fundamental biomechanical parameters that are related to the function and pathological status of cells and tissues. In this paper, an innovative photoacoustic microrheology (PAMR), which utilized the time and phase characteristics of photoacoustic (PA) response, was proposed to extract elastic modulus and viscosity. The feasibility and accuracy of the method were validated by tissue-mimicking agar-gelatin phantoms with various viscoelasticity values. PAMR realized single cell elasticity and viscosity mappings on the adipocyte and myocyte with micrometer scale. In clinical samples, normal blood cells and iron deficiency anemia cells were successfully distinguished due to their various rheological properties. This method expands the scope of conventional PA imaging and opens new possibilities for developing microrheological technology, prefiguring great clinical potential for interrogating mechanocellular properties.
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18
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Leong SS, Wong JHD, Md Shah MN, Vijayananthan A, Jalalonmuhali M, Mohd Sharif NH, Abas NK, Ng KH. Stiffness and Anisotropy Effect on Shear Wave Elastography: A Phantom and in Vivo Renal Study. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2020; 46:34-45. [PMID: 31594681 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2019.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Tissue elasticity is related to the pathologic state of kidneys and can be measured using shear wave elastography (SWE). However, SWE quantification has not been rigorously validated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of SWE-measured stiffness and the effect of tissue anisotropy on SWE measurements. Point SWE (pSWE), 2-D SWE and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) were used to measure stiffness and evaluate the effect of tissue anisotropy on the measurements. SWE and DMA were performed on phantoms of different gelatin concentrations. In the tissue anisotropy study, SWE and DMA were performed on the outer cortex of sheep kidneys. In the in vivo study, 15 patients with different levels of interstitial fibrosis were recruited for pSWE measurements. Another 10 healthy volunteers were recruited for tissue anisotropy studies. SWE imaging revealed a non-linear increase with gelatin concentration. There was a significant correlation between pSWE and 2-D SWE, leading to the establishment of a linear regression equation between the two SWE ultrasound measurements. In the anisotropy study, the median difference in stiffness between shear waves oriented at 0° and 90° towards the pyramid axis was significant. In the in vivo study, there was a strong positive linear correlation between pSWE and the percentage of interstitial fibrosis. There was a significant difference in the Young's modulus (YM) between severities of fibrosis. The mean YM values were lower in control patients than in patients with mild, moderate and severe fibrosis. YM values were also significantly higher when shear waves were oriented at 0° toward the pyramid axis. Tissue stiffness and anisotropy affects SWE measurements. These factors should be recognized before applying SWE for the interpretation of measured values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sook Sam Leong
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Biomedical Imaging, University of Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jeannie Hsiu Ding Wong
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; University of Malaya Research Imaging Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Mohammad Nazri Md Shah
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; University of Malaya Research Imaging Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Anushya Vijayananthan
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; University of Malaya Research Imaging Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | | | | | - Kwan Hoong Ng
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; University of Malaya Research Imaging Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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19
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Yoo J, Lee JM, Joo I, Lee DH, Yoon JH, Kang HJ, Ahn SJ. Prospective Validation of Repeatability of Shear Wave Dispersion Imaging for Evaluation of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2019; 45:2688-2696. [PMID: 31320150 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2019.06.411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed at evaluating the intra-observer repeatability of shear wave dispersion imaging (SWDI) for evaluation of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and assessing inter-observer repeatability in asymptomatic volunteers, using a commercial ultrasound system. This prospective study was approved by our institutional review board and informed consent was obtained from all patients. In group I composed of patients with suspected or alleged non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (n = 71), two sessions of SWDI were performed by one radiologist for evaluation of intra-observer repeatability. In group II composed of asymptomatic volunteers (n = 19), three independent sessions were performed by three radiologists. Intra-observer and inter-observer repeatability was assessed using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs). For intra-observer repeatability, the ICC was 0.955 (95% confidence interval: 0.926-0.973), and subgroup analysis revealed that body mass index, ultrasound steatosis grade and liver function test abnormalities did not affect ICCs. The ICC for inter-observer repeatability was 0.800 (95% confidence interval: 0.572-0.916). Thus, SWDI had excellent intra-and inter-observer repeatability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongin Yoo
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Min Lee
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Ijin Joo
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Ho Lee
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Hee Yoon
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin Kang
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su Joa Ahn
- Department of Radiology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
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Zhou K, Li C, Chen S, Nabi G, Huang Z. Feasibility study of using the dispersion of surface acoustic wave impulse for viscoelasticity characterization in tissue mimicking phantoms. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2019; 12:e201800177. [PMID: 30073776 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201800177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of utilizing the phase velocity dispersion of impulse surface acoustic wave (SAW) for viscoelasticity characterization of soft materials. The focused ultrasound transducer and the phase-sensitive optical coherence tomography were applied as the impulse SAW inducer and tracker, respectively. Three types of liquid-paraffin-based cream-in-agar phantoms were tested. Phase velocity dispersion curve was extracted using a Fourier transform-based phase velocity analysis algorithm. Viscoelastic parameters were obtained by fitting the dispersion curve of SAW into Rayleigh wave dispersion equation. The estimated viscoelasticity was compared with that from spherical indenter, ramp-hold relaxation testing for validation. Both results show an increasing trend in the elasticity and decreasing trend in the viscosity with the concentration of liquid-paraffin-based cream increasing in the samples. The proposed method has the capability of evaluating the viscoelastic properties of homogeneous soft tissue. By combining viscoelastic parameters estimated from the proposed method, the dispersive SAW-impulse-based viscosity-compensated elastography could be further developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanheng Zhou
- School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Chunhui Li
- School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Siping Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ghulam Nabi
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK
| | - Zhihong Huang
- School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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21
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Chen X, Lu J, Li P. Elastography with low-frame-rate laser speckle contrast imaging using the aliasing effect. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:2811-2814. [PMID: 29905695 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.002811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Elastography is an attractive technique for quantifying the mechanical properties of biological tissue. Here, we report an elastography method with low-frame-rate laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) using the aliasing effect. This method needs only one excitation source, a low-frame-rate camera, and no synchronization between excitation and acquisition. The accuracy of the elasticity measurement was validated on tissue-mimicking phantoms by comparing the value with the elasticity measured by a high-frame-rate LSCI and by the rheometer. Elastography was also performed on chicken breast in vitro.
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Xie P, Wang M, Guo Y, Wen H, Chen X, Chen S, Lin H. Temperature dependent of viscoelasticity measurement on fat emulsion phantom using acoustic radiation force elasticity imaging method. Technol Health Care 2018; 26:449-458. [PMID: 29758968 PMCID: PMC6004951 DOI: 10.3233/thc-174746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
During the past two decades, tissue elasticity has been extensively studied and has been used in clinical disease diagnosis. But biological soft tissues are viscoelastic in nature. Therefore, they should be simultaneously characterized in terms of elasticity and viscosity. In addition, the mechanical properties of soft tissues are temperature dependent. However, how the temperature influences the shear wave dispersion and the viscoelasticity of soft tissue are still unclear. The aim of this study is to compare viscoelasticity of fat emulsion phantom with different temperature using acoustic radiation force elasticity imaging method. In our experiment, we produced four proportions of ultrasonic phantom by adding fat emulsion gelatin. Through adjusting the component of the fat emulsion, we change the viscoelasticity of the ultrasonic phantom. We used verasonics system to gather data and voigt model to fit the elasticity and viscosity value of the ultrasonic phantom we made. The influence of temperature to the ultrasonic phantom also measured in our study. The results show that the addition of fat emulsion to the phantom can increase the viscosity of the phantom, and the shear wave phase velocity decreases gradually at each frequency with the temperature increases, which provides a new material for the production of viscoelastic phantom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xie
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Mengke Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanrong Guo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Huiying Wen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China.,National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound , Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Siping Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China.,National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound , Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Haoming Lin
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China.,National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound , Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China
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Chen X, Wang Y, Lu J, Li P. Simultaneous viscosity and elasticity measurement using laser speckle contrast imaging. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:1582-1585. [PMID: 29601035 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.001582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Viscosity and elasticity are closely related to the physiological characteristics of biological tissues. This Letter reports a simultaneous quantitative measurement of these parameters realized with the laser speckle contrast imaging method. The propagation of a Rayleigh wave induced by an acoustic speaker is traced, and the frequency-dependent velocity dispersion is extracted with the frequency-wavenumber spectrum analysis method. The viscosity and elasticity moduli of oil-in-gelatin tissue-mimicking phantoms are calculated by fitting the dispersion curves to the Voigt model. The method is validated by comparing it with the results obtained by using a conventional mechanical rheometer.
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Dynamic mechanical analysis to assess viscoelasticity of liver tissue in a rat model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Med Eng Phys 2017; 44:79-86. [PMID: 28284571 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2017.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disorder in both developed and developing countries. A noninvasive method of detecting early stage NAFLD and distinguishing non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) from simple steatosis (SS) would be useful. The over-accumulation of fat in hepatocytes alters the physical microstructure and chemical contents of the liver tissue. This study included dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) testing on liver samples from a rat model of NAFLD to determine whether the tissue shows any significant changes in viscoelasticity due to the histological changes. Liver steatosis was induced in 57 rats by gavage feeding of a high fat emulsion; 12 rats received a standard diet only and served as controls. Each rat provided 2 or 3 samples for DMA tests. The shear modulus and loss modulus were measured at 9 frequency points evenly-spaced in the range from 1Hz to 41Hz. The phase velocity of shear wave was calculated from the measured modulus. Multivariate T2 test was used to assess the significance of intra-group difference. The results showed significant changes (p < 0.05) in storage modulus in livers with moderate to severe (S2 to S4) steatosis in comparison with livers without steatosis (S0), while the loss modulus demonstrated significant changes earlier in stage S1, indicating that fat accumulation affects the mechanical properties of liver, particularly viscosity. However, no significant differences were observed between the steatosis grades. These results also suggest that mild inflammation may affect the mechanical properties, which requires further verification. These findings provide new information about the mechanical properties of livers with NAFLD in low frequency range and suggest that it is possible to distinguish normal livers from livers with NAFLD.
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Han Z, Singh M, Aglyamov SR, Liu CH, Nair A, Raghunathan R, Wu C, Li J, Larin KV. Quantifying tissue viscoelasticity using optical coherence elastography and the Rayleigh wave model. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:90504. [PMID: 27653931 PMCID: PMC5028422 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.9.090504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrates the feasibility of using the Rayleigh wave model (RWM) in combination with optical coherence elastography (OCE) technique to assess the viscoelasticity of soft tissues. Dispersion curves calculated from the spectral decomposition of OCE-measured air-pulse induced elastic waves were used to quantify the viscoelasticity of samples using the RWM. Validation studies were first conducted on 10% gelatin phantoms with different concentrations of oil. The results showed that the oil increased the viscosity of the gelatin phantom samples. This method was then used to quantify the viscoelasticity of chicken liver. The Young’s modulus of the chicken liver tissues was estimated as E=2.04±0.88??kPa with a shear viscosity ?=1.20±0.13??Pa?s. The analytical solution of the RWM correlated very well with the OCE-measured phased velocities (R2=0.96±0.04). The results show that the combination of the RWM and OCE is a promising method for noninvasively quantifying the biomechanical properties of soft tissues and may be a useful tool for detecting disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolong Han
- University of Houston, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 3605 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Manmohan Singh
- University of Houston, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 3605 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Salavat R. Aglyamov
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 107 West Dean Keeton Street, Stop C0800, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Chih-Hao Liu
- University of Houston, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 3605 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Achuth Nair
- University of Houston, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 3605 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Raksha Raghunathan
- University of Houston, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 3605 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Chen Wu
- University of Houston, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 3605 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Jiasong Li
- University of Houston, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 3605 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Kirill V. Larin
- University of Houston, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 3605 Cullen Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
- Tomsk State University, Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biophotonics, 36 Lenin Avenue, Tomsk 634050, Russia
- Baylor College of Medicine, Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Address correspondence to: Kirill V. Larin, E-mail:
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