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van Elburg B, Deprez J, van den Broek M, De Smedt SC, Versluis M, Lajoinie G, Lentacker I, Segers T. Dependence of sonoporation efficiency on microbubble size: An in vitro monodisperse microbubble study. J Control Release 2023; 363:747-755. [PMID: 37778466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Sonoporation is the process where intracellular drug delivery is facilitated by ultrasound-driven microbubble oscillations. Several mechanisms have been proposed to relate microbubble dynamics to sonoporation including shear and normal stress. The present work aims to gain insight into the role of microbubble size on sonoporation and thereby into the relevant mechanism(s) of sonoporation. To this end, we measured the sonoporation efficiency while varying microbubble size using monodisperse microbubble suspensions. Sonoporation experiments were performed in vitro on cell monolayers using a single ultrasound pulse with a fixed frequency of 1 MHz while the acoustic pressure amplitude and pulse length were varied at 250, 500, and 750 kPa, and 10, 100, and 1000 cycles, respectively. Sonoporation efficiency was quantified using flow cytometry by measuring the FITC-dextran (4 kDa and 2 MDa) fluorescence intensity in 10,000 cells per experiment to average out inherent variations in the bioresponse. Using ultra-high-speed imaging at 10 million frames per second, we demonstrate that the bubble oscillation amplitude is nearly independent of the equilibrium bubble radius at acoustic pressure amplitudes that induce sonoporation (≥ 500 kPa). However, we show that sonoporation efficiency is strongly dependent on the equilibrium bubble size and that under all explored driving conditions most efficiently induced by bubbles with a radius of 4.7 μm. Polydisperse microbubbles with a typical ultrasound contrast agent size distribution perform almost an order of magnitude lower in terms of sonoporation efficiency than the 4.7-μm bubbles. We elucidate that for our system shear stress is highly unlikely the mechanism of action. By contrast, we show that sonoporation efficiency correlates well with an estimate of the bubble-induced normal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin van Elburg
- Physics of Fluids Group and Technical Medical (TechMed) Center, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Joke Deprez
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Martin van den Broek
- BIOS / Lab on a Chip Group, Max-Planck Center Twente for Complex Fluid Dynamics, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Stefaan C De Smedt
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michel Versluis
- Physics of Fluids Group and Technical Medical (TechMed) Center, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Guillaume Lajoinie
- Physics of Fluids Group and Technical Medical (TechMed) Center, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Ine Lentacker
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tim Segers
- BIOS / Lab on a Chip Group, Max-Planck Center Twente for Complex Fluid Dynamics, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands.
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Delaney LJ, Isguven S, Hilliard R, Lacerda Q, Oeffinger BE, Machado P, Schaer TP, Hickok NJ, Kurtz SM, Forsberg F. In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Ultrasound-Triggered Release From Novel Spinal Device. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2023; 42:2357-2368. [PMID: 37249416 PMCID: PMC10524871 DOI: 10.1002/jum.16263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bacterial infection following spinal fusion is a major clinical concern with up to 20% incidence. An ultrasound-triggered bulk-release system to combat postsurgical bacterial survival was designed and evaluated. METHODS Polylactic acid (PLA) clips were loaded with vancomycin (VAN) and microbubbles (Sonazoid, GE HealthCare) in vitro. Stability was determined over 14 days. VAN-loaded clips were submerged in water and insonated using a Logiq E10 scanner (GE HealthCare) with a curvilinear C6 probe. Doppler-induced VAN release was quantified using spectrophotometry. For in vivo testing, clips were loaded with methylene blue (MeB) solution and Sonazoid. These clips were implanted into a rabbit along the spine at L2 and L5, as well as a pig at L1 and L3, then insonated in Doppler mode using the C6 probe. RESULTS Sonazoid microbubbles were better preserved when incubated in VAN compared with distilled water at 4°C, 25°C, and 37°C incubation temperatures (P = .0131). Contrast enhancement was observed from both solutions when incubated at 4°C storage conditions. Insonated clips achieved average cumulative VAN release of 101.8 ± 2.8% (81.4 ± 2.8 mg) after 72 hours. Uninsonated clips had only 0.3 ± 0.1% (0.3 ± 0.1 mg) average cumulative VAN release (P < .0001). Clips retrieved from the rabbit did not rupture with insonation nor produce MeB staining of surrounding tissues. In the pig, the PLA film was visibly ruptured and MeB tissue was observed following insonation, whereas the uninsonated clip was intact. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate ultrasound-triggered release of an encapsulated prophylactic solution and provide an important proof-of-concept for continuing large animal evaluations for translational merit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren J. Delaney
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107
| | - Selin Isguven
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107
| | - Rachel Hilliard
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Kennett Square, PA, 19348
| | - Quezia Lacerda
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science & Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| | - Brian E. Oeffinger
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science & Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| | - Priscilla Machado
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107
| | - Thomas P. Schaer
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Kennett Square, PA, 19348
| | - Noreen J. Hickok
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107
| | - Steven M. Kurtz
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science & Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104
- Exponent, Inc., Philadelphia, PA, 19104
| | - Flemming Forsberg
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107
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Zhao AX, Zhu YI, Chung E, Lee J, Morais S, Yoon H, Emelianov S. Factors Influencing the Repeated Transient Optical Droplet Vaporization Threshold and Lifetimes of Phase Change, Perfluorocarbon Nanodroplets. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2238. [PMID: 37570555 PMCID: PMC10421047 DOI: 10.3390/nano13152238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorocarbon nanodroplets (PFCnDs) are sub-micrometer emulsions composed of a surfactant-encased perfluorocarbon (PFC) liquid and can be formulated to transiently vaporize through optical stimulation. However, the factors governing repeated optical droplet vaporization (ODV) have not been investigated. In this study, we employ high-frame-rate ultrasound (US) to characterize the ODV thresholds of various formulations and imaging parameters and identify those that exhibit low vaporization thresholds and repeatable vaporization. We observe a phenomenon termed "preconditioning", where initial laser pulses generate reduced US contrast that appears linked with an increase in nanodroplet size. Variation in laser pulse repetition frequency is found not to change the vaporization threshold, suggesting that "preconditioning" is not related to residual heat. Surfactants (bovine serum albumin, lipids, and zonyl) impact the vaporization threshold and imaging lifetime, with lipid shells demonstrating the best performance with relatively low thresholds (21.6 ± 3.7 mJ/cm2) and long lifetimes (t1/2 = 104 ± 21.5 pulses at 75 mJ/cm2). Physiological stiffness does not affect the ODV threshold and may enhance nanodroplet stability. Furthermore, PFC critical temperatures are found to correlate with vaporization thresholds. These observations enhance our understanding of ODV behavior and pave the way for improved nanodroplet performance in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew X. Zhao
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA;
| | - Yiying I. Zhu
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA (E.C.); (J.L.); (S.M.)
| | - Euisuk Chung
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA (E.C.); (J.L.); (S.M.)
| | - Jeehyun Lee
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA (E.C.); (J.L.); (S.M.)
| | - Samuel Morais
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA (E.C.); (J.L.); (S.M.)
| | - Heechul Yoon
- School of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Dankook University, Yongin-si 16890, Republic of Korea;
| | - Stanislav Emelianov
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA;
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA (E.C.); (J.L.); (S.M.)
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4
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Chen X, Chen X, Wang J, Yu FTH, Villanueva FS, Pacella JJ. Dynamic Behavior of Polymer Microbubbles During Long Ultrasound Tone-Burst Excitation and Its Application for Sonoreperfusion Therapy. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2023; 49:996-1006. [PMID: 36697268 PMCID: PMC9974862 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2022.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ultrasound (US)-targeted microbubble (MB) cavitation (UTMC)-mediated therapies have been found to restore perfusion and enhance drug/gene delivery. Because of the potentially longer circulation time and relative ease of storage and reconstitution of polymer-shelled MBs compared with lipid MBs, we investigated the dynamic behavior of polymer microbubbles and their therapeutic potential for sonoreperfusion (SRP) therapy. METHODS The fate of polymer MBs during a single long tone-burst exposure (1 MHz, 5 ms) at various acoustic pressures and MB concentrations was recorded via high-speed microscopy and passive cavitation detection (PCD). SRP efficacy of the polymer MBs was investigated in an in vitro flow system and compared with that of lipid MBs. DISCUSSION Microscopy videos indicated that polymer MBs formed gas-filled clusters that continued to oscillate, fragment and form new gas-filled clusters during the single US burst. PCD confirmed continued acoustic activity throughout the 5-ms US excitation. SRP efficacy with polymer MBs increased with pulse duration and acoustic pressure similarly to that with lipid MBs but no significant differences were found between polymer and lipid MBs. CONCLUSION These data suggest that persistent cavitation activity from polymer MBs during long tone-burst US excitation confers excellent reperfusion efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghui Chen
- Center for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xucai Chen
- Center for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jianjun Wang
- Center for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Francois T H Yu
- Center for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Flordeliza S Villanueva
- Center for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - John J Pacella
- Center for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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5
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Cooley MB, Abenojar EC, Wegierak D, Sen Gupta A, Kolios MC, Exner AA. Characterization of the interaction of nanobubble ultrasound contrast agents with human blood components. Bioact Mater 2023; 19:642-652. [PMID: 35600972 PMCID: PMC9109121 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoscale ultrasound contrast agents, or nanobubbles, are being explored in preclinical applications ranging from vascular and cardiac imaging to targeted drug delivery in cancer. These sub-micron particles are approximately 10x smaller than clinically available microbubbles. This allows them to effectively traverse compromised physiological barriers and circulate for extended periods of time. While various aspects of nanobubble behavior have been previously examined, their behavior in human whole blood has not yet been explored. Accordingly, herein we examined, for the first time, the short and long-term effects of blood components on nanobubble acoustic response. We observed differences in the kinetics of backscatter from nanobubble suspensions in whole blood compared to bubbles in phosphate buffered saline (PBS), plasma, or red blood cell solutions (RBCs). Specifically, after introducing nanobubbles to fresh human whole blood, signal enhancement, or the magnitude of nonlinear ultrasound signal, gradually increased by 22.8 ± 13.1% throughout our experiment, with peak intensity reached within 145 s. In contrast, nanobubbles in PBS had a stable signal with negligible change in intensity (−1.7 ± 3.2%) over 8 min. Under the same conditions, microbubbles made with the same lipid formulation showed a −56.8 ± 6.1% decrease in enhancement in whole blood. Subsequent confocal, fluorescent, and scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed attachment of the nanobubbles to the surface of RBCs, suggesting that direct interactions, or hitchhiking, of nanobubbles on RBCs in the presence of plasma may be a possible mechanism for the observed effects. This phenomenon could be key to extending nanobubble circulation time and has broad implications in drug delivery, where RBC interaction with nanoparticles could be exploited to improve delivery efficiency. Show distinct signal enhancement curve of nanobubbles (NB) in human whole blood Compare signal enhancement over time in blood with NBs and microbubbles (MBs) Examine the effect of blood components on NB and MB movement over time Demonstrate, with microscopy, that NBs localize to the RBC surface in whole blood
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6
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Centner CS, Moore JT, Baxter ME, Yaddanapudi K, Bates PJ, Kopechek JA. Comparison of Acoustofluidic and Static Systems for Ultrasound-Mediated Molecular Delivery to T Lymphocytes. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2023; 49:90-105. [PMID: 36241589 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Continuous-flow acoustofluidic technologies can potentially improve processing of T lymphocytes for cell therapies by addressing the limitations with viral and non-viral delivery methods. The objective of this study was to assess the intracellular delivery efficiency with acoustofluidic treatment compared with that of static ultrasound treatment. Optimization of parameters in acoustofluidic and static configurations was performed by assessing intracellular delivery of a fluorescent compound (calcein) in viable human Jurkat T lymphocytes. Ultrasound pressure and the concentration of cationic phospholipid-coated microbubbles influenced calcein delivery in both systems. In the static system, a treatment time of 45 s increased molecular delivery compared with 0-30 s (p < 0.01). Refined parameters were used to assess molecular delivery of small and large compounds (0.6-kDa calcein and 150-kDa fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran, respectively) after ultrasound treatment with the acoustofluidic or static systems. Molecular delivery was similar with refined parameters for acoustofluidic treatment and static treatment (p > 0.05), even though acoustofluidic treatment had lower microbubble concentration (24 μg/mL vs. 94 μg/mL) and shorter treatment time (∼2-3 s vs. 45 s). This study indicates that the acoustofluidic system can significantly enhance intracellular molecular delivery, which could potentially enable acoustofluidic cell transfection during continuous flow processing for manufacture of cell therapies or other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor S Centner
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - John T Moore
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Mary E Baxter
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | | | - Paula J Bates
- School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jonathan A Kopechek
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.
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7
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Rosarina D, Narawangsa DR, Chandra NSR, Sari E, Hermansyah H. Optimization of Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction (UAE) Method Using Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent (NADES) to Increase Curcuminoid Yield from Curcuma longa L., Curcuma xanthorrhiza, and Curcuma mangga Val. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27186080. [PMID: 36144813 PMCID: PMC9504328 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27186080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to optimize ultrasonic-assisted natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) based extraction from C. longa. Choline chloride-lactic acid (CCLA-H2O = 1:1, b/v) was used to investigate the impact of various process parameters such as solvent’s water content, solid loading, temperature, and extraction time. The optimal yield of 79.635 mg/g of C. longa was achieved from extraction in 20% water content NADES with a 4% solid loading in 35 °C temperature for 1 h. Peleg’s model was used to describe the kinetics of the optimized ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) method, and the results were found to be compatible with experimental data. The optimum conditions obtained from C. longa extraction were then used for the extraction of C. xanthorriza and C. mangga, which give yields of 2.056 and 31.322 mg/g, respectively. Furthermore, n-hexane was utilized as an anti-solvent in the separation process of curcuminoids extract from C. longa, C. xanthorriza, and C. mangga, which gave curcuminoid recovery of 39%, 0.74%, and 27%, respectively. Solidification of curcuminoids was also carried out using the crystallization method with n-hexane and isopropanol. However, the solution of CCLA and curcuminoids formed a homogeneous mixture with isopropanol. Hence, the curcuminoids could not be solidified due to the presence of NADES in the extract solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desy Rosarina
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Dimas Rafi Narawangsa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | | | - Eka Sari
- Bioengineering & Biomedical Engineering, Research Centre CoE, Engineering Faculty, Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University, Cilegon 42434, Indonesia
- Chemical Engineering, Engineering Faculty, Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University, Cilegon 42434, Indonesia
| | - Heri Hermansyah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok 16424, Indonesia
- Correspondence:
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8
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van Wamel A, Mühlenpfordt M, Hansen R, Healey A, Villanueva FS, Kotopoulis S, Davies CDL, Chen X. Ultrafast Microscopy Imaging of Acoustic Cluster Therapy Bubbles: Activation and Oscillation. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2022; 48:1840-1857. [PMID: 35773079 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2022.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic Cluster Therapy (ACT®) is a platform for improving drug delivery and has had promising pre-clinical results. A clinical trial is ongoing. ACT® is based on microclusters of microbubbles-microdroplets that, when sonicated, form a large ACT® bubble. The aim of this study was to obtain new knowledge on the dynamic formation and oscillations of ACT® bubbles by ultrafast optical imaging in a microchannel. The high-speed recordings revealed the microbubble-microdroplet fusion, and the gas in the microbubble acted as a vaporization seed for the microdroplet. Subsequently, the bubble grew by gas diffusion from the surrounding medium and became a large ACT® bubble with a diameter of 5-50 μm. A second ultrasound exposure at lower frequency caused the ACT® bubble to oscillate. The recorded oscillations were compared with simulations using the modified Rayleigh-Plesset equation. A term accounting for the physical boundary imposed by the microchannel wall was included. The recorded oscillation amplitudes were approximately 1-2 µm, hence similar to oscillations of smaller contrast agent microbubbles. These findings, together with our previously reported promising pre-clinical therapeutic results, suggest that these oscillations covering a large part of the vessel wall because of the large bubble volume can substantially improve therapeutic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemieke van Wamel
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Melina Mühlenpfordt
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Rune Hansen
- Department of Health Research, SINTEF Digital, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Flordeliza S Villanueva
- Center for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Spiros Kotopoulis
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Xucai Chen
- Center for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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An Overview of Cell Membrane Perforation and Resealing Mechanisms for Localized Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040886. [PMID: 35456718 PMCID: PMC9031838 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Localized and reversible plasma membrane disruption is a promising technique employed for the targeted deposition of exogenous therapeutic compounds for the treatment of disease. Indeed, the plasma membrane represents a significant barrier to successful delivery, and various physical methods using light, sound, and electrical energy have been developed to generate cell membrane perforations to circumvent this issue. To restore homeostasis and preserve viability, localized cellular repair mechanisms are subsequently triggered to initiate a rapid restoration of plasma membrane integrity. Here, we summarize the known emergency membrane repair responses, detailing the salient membrane sealing proteins as well as the underlying cytoskeletal remodeling that follows the physical induction of a localized plasma membrane pore, and we present an overview of potential modulation strategies that may improve targeted drug delivery approaches.
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10
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Zhang W, Shi Y, Abd Shukor S, Vijayakumaran A, Vlatakis S, Wright M, Thanou M. Phase-shift nanodroplets as an emerging sonoresponsive nanomaterial for imaging and drug delivery applications. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:2943-2965. [PMID: 35166273 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr07882h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanodroplets - emerging phase-changing sonoresponsive materials - have attracted substantial attention in biomedical applications for both tumour imaging and therapeutic purposes due to their unique response to ultrasound. As ultrasound is applied at different frequencies and powers, nanodroplets have been shown to cavitate by the process of acoustic droplet vapourisation (ADV), causing the development of mechanical forces which promote sonoporation through cellular membranes. This allows drugs to be delivered efficiently into deeper tissues where tumours are located. Recent reviews on nanodroplets are mostly focused on the mechanism of cavitation and their applications in biomedical fields. However, the chemistry of the nanodroplet components has not been discussed or reviewed yet. In this review, the commonly used materials and preparation methods of nanodroplets are summarised. More importantly, this review provides examples of variable chemistry components in nanodroplets which link them to their efficiency as ultrasound-multimodal imaging agents to image and monitor drug delivery. Finally, the drawbacks of current research, future development, and future direction of nanodroplets are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqi Zhang
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, UK.
| | - Yuhong Shi
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, UK.
| | | | | | - Stavros Vlatakis
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, UK.
| | - Michael Wright
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, UK.
| | - Maya Thanou
- School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, UK.
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11
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Chettab K, Matera EL, Lafond M, Coralie D, Favin-Lévêque C, Goy C, Strakhova R, Mestas JL, Lafon C, Dumontet C. Proof of Concept: Protein Delivery into Human Erythrocytes Using Stable Cavitation. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:929-935. [PMID: 35147436 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Human erythrocytes represent candidates of choice as carriers for a wide range of drugs due to their unique biophysical and physiological properties. In this study, we used a sonoporation device generating and monitoring acoustic stable cavitation without any addition of contrast or nucleation agents. The device was evaluated for bovine serum albumin (BSA) delivery into human erythrocytes. After determining the adequate hematocrit percentage compatible with the generation of stable cavitation, we determined the optimal sonoporation conditions allowing BSA delivery while preserving erythrocyte integrity. Our results demonstrate that stable cavitation allows efficient delivery of proteins into human erythrocytes with limited lysis of these cells. In conclusion, our study allowed for the development of a stable and regulated cavitation program and the establishment of sonoporation conditions suitable for intracellular protein delivery while maintaining erythrocyte integrity. Additional investigations are needed to move from the proof of concept to a larger-scale application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamel Chettab
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon 69008, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitaller Lyon Sud, 165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet, Pierre-Bénite 69310, France
| | - Eva-Laure Matera
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon 69008, France
| | - Maxime Lafond
- LabTAU, INSERM, Centre Léon Bérard, Université Lyon 1, Université Lyon, Lyon F-69003, France
| | - Durieux Coralie
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon 69008, France
| | - Camille Favin-Lévêque
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon 69008, France
| | - Clémence Goy
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon 69008, France
| | - Regina Strakhova
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon 69008, France
| | - Jean-Louis Mestas
- LabTAU, INSERM, Centre Léon Bérard, Université Lyon 1, Université Lyon, Lyon F-69003, France
| | - Cyril Lafon
- LabTAU, INSERM, Centre Léon Bérard, Université Lyon 1, Université Lyon, Lyon F-69003, France
| | - Charles Dumontet
- INSERM U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon 69008, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitaller Lyon Sud, 165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet, Pierre-Bénite 69310, France
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12
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Costello KM, Velliou E, Gutierrez-Merino J, Smet C, Kadri HE, Impe JFV, Bussemaker M. The effect of ultrasound treatment in combination with nisin on the inactivation of Listeria innocua and Escherichia coli. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 79:105776. [PMID: 34662803 PMCID: PMC8560821 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound, alone or in combination with natural antimicrobials, is a novel food processing technology of interest to replace traditional food decontamination methods, as it is milder than classical sterilisation (heat treatment) and maintains desirable sensory characteristics. However, ultrasound efficacy can be affected by food structure/composition, as well as the order in which combined treatments are applied. More specifically, treatments which target different cell components could result in enhanced inactivation if applied in the appropriate order. The microbial properties i.e. Gram positive/Gram negative can also impact the treatment efficacy. This work presents a systematic study of the combined effect of ultrasound and nisin on the inactivation of the bacteria Listeria innocua (Gram positive) and Escherichia coli (Gram negative), at a range of cavitation conditions (44, 500, 1000 kHz). The order of treatment application was varied, and the impact of system structure was also investigated by varying the concentration of Xanthan gum used to create the food model systems (0 - 0.5% w/v). Microbial inactivation kinetics were monitored, and advanced microscopy and flow cytometry techniques were utilised to quantify the impact of treatment on a cellular level. Ultrasound was shown to be effective against E. coli at 500 kHz only, with L. innocua demonstrating resistance to all frequencies studied. Enhanced inactivation of E. coli was observed for the combination of nisin and ultrasound at 500 kHz, but only when nisin was applied before ultrasound treatment. The system structure negatively impacted the inactivation efficacy. The combined effect of ultrasound and nisin on E. coli was attributed to short-lived destabilisation of the outer membrane as a result of sonication, allowing nisin to penetrate the cytoplasmic membrane and facilitate cell inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Costello
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK.
| | - Eirini Velliou
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK; Centre for 3D Models of Health and Disease, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London W1W 7TY, UK
| | | | - Cindy Smet
- BioTeC+ Chemical and Biochemical Process Technology and Control, KU Leuven Campus Gent, Gent, Belgium
| | - Hani El Kadri
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Jan F Van Impe
- BioTeC+ Chemical and Biochemical Process Technology and Control, KU Leuven Campus Gent, Gent, Belgium
| | - Madeleine Bussemaker
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK.
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13
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Li D, Yang Y, Li D, Pan J, Chu C, Liu G. Organic Sonosensitizers for Sonodynamic Therapy: From Small Molecules and Nanoparticles toward Clinical Development. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2101976. [PMID: 34350690 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202101976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is a novel noninvasive therapeutic modality that combines low-intensity ultrasound and sonosensitizers. Versus photo-mediated therapy, SDT has the advantages of deeper tissue penetration, high accuracy, and less side effects. Sonosensitizers are critical for therapeutic efficacy during SDT and organic sonosensitizers are important because of their clear structure, easy monitoring, evaluation of drug metabolism, and clinical transformation. Notably, nanotechnology can be used in the field of sonosensitizers and SDT to overcome the inherent obstacles and achieve sustainable innovation. This review introduces organic small molecule sonosensitizers, nano organic sonosensitizers, and their clinical translation by providing ideas and references for the design of sonosensitizers and SDT so as to promote its transformation to clinical applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Dengfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Jie Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Chengchao Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Engineering Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
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14
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Keller SB, Averkiou MA. The Role of Ultrasound in Modulating Interstitial Fluid Pressure in Solid Tumors for Improved Drug Delivery. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 33:1049-1056. [PMID: 34514776 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The unique microenvironment of solid tumors, including desmoplasia within the extracellular matrix, enhanced vascular permeability, and poor lymphatic drainage, leads to an elevated interstitial fluid pressure which is a major barrier to drug delivery. Reducing tumor interstitial fluid pressure is one proposed method of increasing drug delivery to the tumor. The goal of this topical review is to describe recent work using focused ultrasound with or without microbubbles to modulate tumor interstitial fluid pressure, through either thermal or mechanical effects on the extracellular matrix and the vasculature. Furthermore, we provide a review on techniques in which ultrasound imaging may be used to diagnose elevated interstitial fluid pressure within solid tumors. Ultrasound-based techniques show high promise in diagnosing and treating elevated interstitial pressure to enhance drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara B Keller
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Michalakis A Averkiou
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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15
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McMahon D, Deng L, Hynynen K. Comparing rapid short-pulse to tone burst sonication sequences for focused ultrasound and microbubble-mediated blood-brain barrier permeability enhancement. J Control Release 2021; 329:696-705. [PMID: 33022327 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Transcranial focused ultrasound and microbubble (FUS + MB) exposure enables targeted, noninvasive drug delivery to the brain. Given the protective nature of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), the development of sonication strategies that maximize therapeutic efficacy while minimizing the risk of tissue damage are essential. This work aimed to compare the safety of 10 ms tone bursts, widely used in the field, to a recently described rapid short-pulse (RaSP) sequence, while accounting for drug delivery potential. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-one male wild-type mice received FUS + MB exposure (1.78 MHz driving frequency; 0.5 Hz burst repetition frequency; 250 s duration; 40 μl/kg Definity) at a range of fixed pressure amplitudes. A RaSP sequence (13 five-cycle pulses/10 ms burst) was compared to 10 ms tone bursts (B10). For animals in cohort #1 (n = 26), T1 mapping was used to quantify gadobutrol extravasation. Three targets, temporarily separated by 10 min, were sonicated in each brain to compare the time dependence of BBB permeability enhancement between sequences. Red blood cell (RBC) extravasation was quantified to assess vascular damage. For animals in cohort #2 (n = 18), a single target was sonicated per brain. BBB permeability enhancement was compared between sequences by T1 mapping and the extravasation of a 3 kDa fluorescent dextran. RESULTS At a peak negative pressure of 400 kPa, the B10 sequence produced an order of magnitude greater gadobutrol and dextran extravasation compared to RaSP (p < 0.01). When accounting for BBB permeability enhancement magnitude, as measure by T1 mapping, no differences were observed between sequences in the pattern of dextran or albumin extravasation in tissue sections; however, the frequency of RBC extravasation was found to be 5 times greater with the RaSP sequence (p = 0.02). At pressure amplitudes resulting in similar levels of gadobutrol extravasation, no significant differences were observed in the time dependence of BBB permeability enhancement between sequences. CONCLUSION When accounting for the magnitude of BBB permeability enhancement, and thus the potential for drug delivery, the RaSP sequence tested here did not produce measurable improvements over the B10 sequence and may present an increased risk of vascular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dallan McMahon
- Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Lulu Deng
- Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kullervo Hynynen
- Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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16
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Patil SS, Pathak A, Rathod VK. Optimization and kinetic study of ultrasound assisted deep eutectic solvent based extraction: A greener route for extraction of curcuminoids from Curcuma longa. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 70:105267. [PMID: 32920301 PMCID: PMC7786552 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The use of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as a new extraction medium is a step towards the development of green and sustainable technology. In the present study, nine DESs based on choline chloride acids, alcohols, and sugar were screened to study the extraction of curcuminoids from Curcuma longa L. Choline chloride and lactic acid DES at 1:1 M ratio gave the maximum extent of extraction. Further, DES based extraction was intensified using ultrasound. The impact of various process parameters such as % (v/v) water in DES, % (w/v) solid loading, particle size, ultrasound power intensity, and pulse mode operation of ultrasound was studied. The maximum curcuminoids yield of 77.13 mg/g was achieved using ultrasound assisted DES (UA-DES) based extraction in 20% water content DES at 5% solid loading and 0.355 mm particle size with 70.8 W/cm2 power intensity and 60% (6 sec ON and 4 sec OFF) duty cycle at 30 ± 2 °C in 20 min of irradiation time. Kinetics of UA-DES extraction was explained using Peleg's model and concluded that it is compatible with the experimental data. Additionally, anti-solvent (water) precipitation technique was applied, which resulted in 41.97% recovery of curcuminoids with 82.22% purity from UA-DES extract in 8 h of incubation at 0 °C. The comparison was made between conventional Soxhlet, batch, DES and UA-DES based processes on the basis of yield, time, solvent requirement, temperature, energy consumption, and process cost. The developed UA-DES based extraction can be an efficient, cost effective, and green alternative to conventional solvent extraction for curcuminoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujata S Patil
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga (E), Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Ajay Pathak
- Konark Herbals and Health Care, Lower Parel, Mumbai 400013, India
| | - Virendra K Rathod
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga (E), Mumbai 400019, India.
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17
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Ramasamy T, Chen X, Qin B, Johnson DE, Grandis JR, Villanueva FS. STAT3 decoy oligonucleotide-carrying microbubbles with pulsed ultrasound for enhanced therapeutic effect in head and neck tumors. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242264. [PMID: 33206698 PMCID: PMC7673576 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) is an oncogenic transcription factor implicated in carcinogenesis, tumor progression, and drug resistance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). A decoy oligonucleotide targeting STAT3 offers a promising anti-tumor strategy, but achieving targeted tumor delivery of the decoy with systemic administration poses a significant challenge. We previously showed the potential for STAT3 decoy-loaded microbubbles, in conjunction with ultrasound targeted microbubble cavitation (UTMC), to decrease tumor growth in murine squamous cell carcinoma. As a next step towards clinical translation, we sought to determine the anti-tumor efficacy of our STAT3 decoy delivery platform against human HNSCC and the effect of higher STAT3 decoy microbubble loading on tumor cell inhibition. STAT3 decoy was loaded on cationic lipid microbubbles (STAT3-MB) or loaded on liposome-conjugated lipid microbubbles to form STAT3-loaded liposome-microbubble complexes (STAT3-LPX). UTMC treatment efficacy with these two formulations was evaluated in vitro using viability and apoptosis assays in CAL33 (human HNSCC) cells. Anti-cancer efficacy in vivo was performed in a CAL33 tumor murine xenograft model. UTMC with STAT3-MB caused significantly lower CAL33 cell viability compared to UTMC with STAT3-LPX (56.8±8.4% vs 84.5±8.8%, respectively, p<0.05). In vivo, UTMC with STAT3-MB had strong anti-tumor effects, with significantly less tumor burden and greater survival compared to that of UTMC with microbubbles loaded with a mutant control decoy and untreated control groups (p<0.05). UTMC with STAT3 decoy-loaded microbubbles significantly decreases human HNSSC tumor progression. These data set the stage for clinical translation of our microbubble platform as an imaged-guided, targeted delivery strategy for STAT3 decoy, or other nucleotide-based therapeutics, in human cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiruganesh Ramasamy
- Center for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Xucai Chen
- Center for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Bin Qin
- Center for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Daniel E. Johnson
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Jennifer R. Grandis
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Flordeliza S. Villanueva
- Center for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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18
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Sujarittam K, Choi JJ. Angular dependence of the acoustic signal of a microbubble cloud. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2020; 148:2958. [PMID: 33261381 DOI: 10.1121/10.0002490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microbubble-mediated ultrasound therapies have a common need for methods that can noninvasively monitor the treatment. One approach is to use the bubbles' acoustic emissions as feedback to the operator or a control unit. Current methods interpret the emissions' frequency content to infer the microbubble activities and predict therapeutic outcomes. However, different studies placed their sensors at different angles relative to the emitter and bubble cloud. Here, it is evaluated whether such angles influence the captured emissions such as the frequency content. In computer simulations, 128 coupled bubbles were sonicated with a 0.5-MHz, 0.35-MPa pulse, and the acoustic emissions generated by the bubbles were captured with two sensors placed at different angles. The simulation was replicated in experiments using a microbubble-filled gel channel (0.5-MHz, 0.19-0.75-MPa pulses). A hydrophone captured the emissions at two different angles. In both the simulation and the experiments, one angle captured periodic time-domain signals, which had high contributions from the first three harmonics. In contrast, the other angle captured visually aperiodic time-domain features, which had much higher harmonic and broadband content. Thus, by placing acoustic sensors at different positions, substantially different acoustic emissions were captured, potentially leading to very different conclusions about the treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krit Sujarittam
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, 2 Imperial College Road, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - James J Choi
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, 2 Imperial College Road, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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19
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Cui YH, Choi YJ, Kim EH, Yu JH, Seong HY, Choi SU, Yoon SZ, Huh H. Effects of blood flow on the antibacterial efficacy of chlorhexidine and silver sulfadiazine coated central venous catheter: A simulation-based pilot study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e22218. [PMID: 32991414 PMCID: PMC7523804 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000022218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chlorhexidine and silver sulfadiazine coated central venous catheters (CSS-CVC) may cause loss of antimicrobial efficacy due to friction between the CVC surface and sheer stress caused by the blood flow. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial efficacy of CSS-CVC at various flow rates using a bloodstream model. METHODS Each CVC was subjected to various flow rates (0.5, 1, 2, and 4 L/min) and wear-out times (0, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 hours), and the optical density (OD) 600 after a Staphylococcus aureus incubation test was used to determine the antibacterial effect of CSS-CVC. RESULTS In the 0.5 L/min group, there was no significant change in the OD600 value up to 120 hours compared with the baseline OD600 value for CSS-CVC (P > .467). However, the OD600 values of CSS-CVC in the 1 L/min (P < .001) and 2 L/min (P < .001) groups were significantly reduced up to 72 hours, while that in the 4 L/min (p < 0.001) group decreased rapidly up to 48 hours. CONCLUSION This study suggests that there is a doubt whether sufficient antibacterial function can be maintained with prolonged duration of catheter placement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Huan Cui
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Ji Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Gyeonggi- do, Republic of Korea
| | - Eung Hwi Kim
- Institute for Healthcare Innovation, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Ho Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Young Seong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-uk Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Zhoo Yoon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyub Huh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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20
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Simulation Study on the Influence of Multifrequency Ultrasound on Transient Cavitation Threshold in Different Media. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10144778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Through the introduction of multifrequency ultrasound technology, remarkable results have been achieved in tissue ablation and other aspects. By using the nonlinear dynamic equation of spherical bubble, the effects of the combination mode of multifrequency ultrasound, the peak negative pressure and its duration, the phase angle difference, and the polytropic index on the transient cavitation threshold in four different media of water, blood, brain, and liver are simulated and analyzed. The simulation results show that under the same frequency difference and initial bubble radius, the transient cavitation threshold of the high-frequency, triple-frequency combination is higher than that of the low-frequency, triple-frequency combination. When the lowest frequency of triple frequencies is the same, the larger the frequency difference, the higher the transient cavitation threshold. When the initial bubble radius is small, the frequency difference has little effect on the transient cavitation threshold of the triple-frequency combination. With the increase of initial bubble radius, the influence of frequency difference on the transient cavitation threshold of the higher frequency combination of triple frequency is more obvious than that of the lower frequency combination of triple frequency. When the duration of peak negative pressure or peak negative pressure of the multifrequency combined ultrasound is longer than that of the single-frequency ultrasound, the transient cavitation threshold of the multifrequency combined ultrasound is lower than that of the single-frequency ultrasound; on the contrary, the transient cavitation threshold of the multifrequency combined ultrasound is higher than that of the single-frequency ultrasound. When the phase angle difference of multifrequency excitation is zero, the corresponding transient cavitation threshold is the lowest, while the change of the polytropic index has almost no effect on the transient cavitation threshold for the multifrequency combination. The research results can provide a reference for multifrequency ultrasound to reduce the transient cavitation threshold, which is of great significance for the practical application of cavitation.
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21
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Nio AQX, Faraci A, Christensen-Jeffries K, Raymond JL, Monaghan MJ, Fuster D, Forsberg F, Eckersley RJ, Lamata P. Optimal Control of SonoVue Microbubbles to Estimate Hydrostatic Pressure. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2020; 67:557-567. [PMID: 31634833 PMCID: PMC7053253 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2019.2948759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The measurement of cardiac and aortic pressures enables diagnostic insight into cardiac contractility and stiffness. However, these pressures are currently assessed invasively using pressure catheters. It may be possible to estimate these pressures less invasively by applying microbubble ultrasound contrast agents as pressure sensors. The aim of this study was to investigate the subharmonic response of the microbubble ultrasound contrast agent SonoVue (Bracco Spa, Milan, Italy) at physiological pressures using a static pressure phantom. A commercially available cell culture cassette with Luer connections was used as a static pressure chamber. SonoVue was added to the phantom, and radio frequency data were recorded on the ULtrasound Advanced Open Platform (ULA-OP). The mean subharmonic amplitude over a 40% bandwidth was extracted at 0-200-mmHg hydrostatic pressures, across 1.7-7.0-MHz transmit frequencies and 3.5%-100% maximum scanner acoustic output. The Rayleigh-Plesset equation for single-bubble oscillations and additional hysteresis experiments were used to provide insight into the mechanisms underlying the subharmonic pressure response of SonoVue. The subharmonic amplitude of SonoVue increased with hydrostatic pressure up to 50 mmHg across all transmit frequencies and decreased thereafter. A decreasing microbubble surface tension may drive the initial increase in the subharmonic amplitude of SonoVue with hydrostatic pressure, while shell buckling and microbubble destruction may contribute to the subsequent decrease above 125-mmHg pressure. In conclusion, a practical operating regime that may be applied to estimate cardiac and aortic blood pressures from the subharmonic signal of SonoVue has been identified.
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22
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Zou P, Li M, Wang Z, Zhang G, Jin L, Pang Y, Du L, Duan Y, Liu Z, Shi Q. Micro-Particle Image Velocimetry Investigation of Flow Fields of SonoVue Microbubbles Mediated by Ultrasound and Their Relationship With Delivery. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1651. [PMID: 32116672 PMCID: PMC7025580 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The flow fields generated by the acoustic behavior of microbubbles can significantly increase cell permeability. This facilitates the cellular uptake of external molecules in a process known as ultrasound-mediated drug delivery. To promote its clinical translation, this study investigated the relationships among the ultrasound parameters, acoustic behavior of microbubbles, flow fields, and delivery results. SonoVue microbubbles were activated by 1 MHz pulsed ultrasound with 100 Hz pulse repetition frequency, 1:5 duty cycle, and 0.20/0.35/0.70 MPa peak rarefactional pressure. Micro-particle image velocimetry was used to detect the microbubble behavior and the resulting flow fields. Then HeLa human cervical cancer cells were treated with the same conditions for 2, 4, 10, 30, and 60 s, respectively. Fluorescein isothiocyanate and propidium iodide were used to quantitate the rates of sonoporated cells with a flow cytometer. The results indicate that (1) microbubbles exhibited different behavior in ultrasound fields of different peak rarefactional pressures. At peak rarefactional pressures of 0.20 and 0.35 MPa, the dispersed microbubbles clumped together into clusters, and the clusters showed no apparent movement. At a peak rarefactional pressure of 0.70 MPa, the microbubbles were partially broken, and the remainders underwent clustering and coalescence to form bubble clusters that exhibited translational oscillation. (2) The flow fields were unsteady before the unification of the microbubbles. After that, the flow fields showed a clear pattern. (3)The delivery efficiency improved with the shear stress of the flow fields increased. Before the formation of the microbubble/bubble cluster, the maximum shear stresses of the 0.20, 0.35, and 0.70 MPa groups were 56.0, 87.5 and 406.4 mPa, respectively, and the rates of the reversibly sonoporated cells were 2.4% ± 0.4%, 5.5% ± 1.3%, and 16.6% ± 0.2%. After the cluster formation, the maximum shear stresses of the three groups were 9.1, 8.7, and 71.7 mPa, respectively. The former two could not mediate sonoporation, whereas the last one could. These findings demonstrate the critical role of flow fields in ultrasound-mediated drug delivery and contribute to its clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penglin Zou
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengqi Li
- College of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Electronics Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Ziqi Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoxiu Zhang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Lifang Jin
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Pang
- College of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Electronics Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Lianfang Du
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yourong Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaomiao Liu
- College of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Electronics Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Qiusheng Shi
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Tabatabaei ZS, Rajabi O, Nassirli H, Vejdani Noghreiyan A, Sazgarnia A. A comparative study on generating hydroxyl radicals by single and two-frequency ultrasound with gold nanoparticles and protoporphyrin IX. AUSTRALASIAN PHYSICAL & ENGINEERING SCIENCES IN MEDICINE 2019; 42:1039-1047. [PMID: 31617155 DOI: 10.1007/s13246-019-00803-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is a new manner of killing cancer cells based on the cytotoxic interactions of ultrasound with sonosensitizing agents. It is shown that gold nanoparticles (GNPs) increase the efficiency of cavitation activity of ultrasound. In this study the influence of a single and/or two frequencies of ultrasound waves to generate hydroxyl radicals (·OH) was assessed in the presence of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) and/or GNPs. Ultrasound cavitation activity was determined by recording fluorescence signals from chemical terephthalic acid (TA) dosimeters with or without PpIX and/or GNPs at the frequencies of 0.8 and 2.4 MHz individually and aggregately. To study hydroxyl radicals, experiments were performed with and without hydroxyl radical scavengers mannitol, histidine, and sodium azide. Cavitation activity was amplified by increasing ultrasound intensity and exposure time. The cavitation activity induced by dual ultrasound frequency was remarkably higher than the summation of effects produced by individual frequencies. All three scavengers reduced the fluorescence signal level. The effect of GNPs on intensifying cavitation activity at higher frequency was greater than that of lower frequency. PpIX showed a more effective sonosensitizing property at the lower frequency. Also, estimated synergism at dual frequency irradiation was improved in the presence of GNPs. We found that GNPs increased hydroxyl radical production at 2.4 MHz and that PpIX increased hydroxyl radical production at 0.8 MHz. Dual frequency exposure was more effective than single frequency exposure. PpIX at low frequency and gold nanoparticles at high frequency both enhance sonodynamic treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Omid Rajabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hooriyeh Nassirli
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Atefeh Vejdani Noghreiyan
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ameneh Sazgarnia
- Medical Physics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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24
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Mercado-Shekhar KP, Su H, Kalaikadal DS, Lorenz JN, Manglik RM, Holland CK, Redington AN, Haworth KJ. Acoustic droplet vaporization-mediated dissolved oxygen scavenging in blood-mimicking fluids, plasma, and blood. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2019; 56:114-124. [PMID: 31101245 PMCID: PMC6659737 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic droplet vaporization (ADV) has been shown to reduce the partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) in a fluid. The goals of this study were three-fold: 1) to determine the ADV pressure amplitude threshold in fluids that had physiologically relevant values for surface tension, protein concentration, and viscosity; 2) to assess whether these parameters and fluid mixing affect ADV-mediated PO2 reduction; and 3) to assess the feasibility of ADV-mediated PO2 reduction in plasma and whole blood. In vitro ADV experiments were conducted using perfluoropentane droplets (number density: 5 × 106 ± 0.2 × 106/mL) dispersed in fluids (saline, polyvinylpyrrolidone solutions, porcine plasma, or porcine whole blood) that had a physiological range of surface tensions (62-68 mN/m), protein concentrations (0 and 68.7 mg/mL), and viscosities (0.7-4 cP). Droplets were exposed to pulsed ultrasound (5 MHz, 4.25 MPa peak negative pressure) while passing through a 37 °C flow system with inline PO2 sensors. In select experiments, the fluid also passed through mixing channels after ultrasound exposure. Our results revealed that the ADV pressure thresholds were the same for all fluids. Surface tension and protein concentration had no effect on PO2 reduction. Increasing viscosity attenuated PO2 reduction. However, the attenuated effect was absent after fluid mixing. Furthermore, ADV-mediated PO2 reduction in whole blood (30.8 ± 3.2 mmHg) was less than that in a polyvinylpyrrolidone solution (40.2 ± 2.1 mmHg) with equal viscosity. These findings should be considered when planning clinical studies of ADV-mediated PO2 reduction and other biomedical applications of ADV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Haili Su
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Deepak S Kalaikadal
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - John N Lorenz
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Raj M Manglik
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Christy K Holland
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Andrew N Redington
- Division of Cardiology, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kevin J Haworth
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Division of Cardiology, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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25
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Newsome IG, Kierski TM, Dayton PA. Assessment of the Superharmonic Response of Microbubble Contrast Agents for Acoustic Angiography as a Function of Microbubble Parameters. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2019; 45:2515-2524. [PMID: 31174922 PMCID: PMC7202402 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2019.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic angiography is a superharmonic contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging technique that enables 3-D high-resolution microvascular visualization. This technique utilizes a dual-frequency imaging strategy, transmitting at a low frequency and receiving at a higher frequency, to detect high-frequency contrast agent signatures and separate them from tissue background. Prior studies have illustrated differences in microbubble scatter dependent on microbubble size and composition; however, most previously reported data have utilized a relatively narrow frequency bandwidth centered around the excitation frequency. To date, a comprehensive study of isolated microbubble superharmonic responses with a broadband dual-frequency system has not been performed. Here, the superharmonic signal production of 14 contrast agents with various gas cores, shell compositions, and bubble diameters at mechanical indices of 0.2 to 1.2 was evaluated using a transmit 4 MHz, receive 25 MHz configuration. Results indicate that perfluorocarbon cores or lipid shells with 18- or 20-carbon acyl chains produce more superharmonic signal than sulfur hexafluoride cores or lipid shells with 16-carbon acyl chains, respectively. As microbubble diameter increases from 1 to 4 µm, superharmonic generation decreases. In a comparison of two clinical agents, Definity and Optison, and one preclinical agent, Micromarker, Optison produced the least superharmonic signal. Overall, this work suggests that microbubbles around 1 μm in diameter with perfluorocarbon cores and longer-chained lipid shells perform best for superharmonic imaging at 4 MHz. Studies have found that microbubble superharmonic response follows trends different from those described in prior studies using a narrower frequency bandwidth centered around the excitation frequency. Future work will apply these results in vivo to optimize the sensitivity of acoustic angiography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel G Newsome
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Thomas M Kierski
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Paul A Dayton
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
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26
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Roovers S, Segers T, Lajoinie G, Deprez J, Versluis M, De Smedt SC, Lentacker I. The Role of Ultrasound-Driven Microbubble Dynamics in Drug Delivery: From Microbubble Fundamentals to Clinical Translation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:10173-10191. [PMID: 30653325 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In the last couple of decades, ultrasound-driven microbubbles have proven excellent candidates for local drug delivery applications. Besides being useful drug carriers, microbubbles have demonstrated the ability to enhance cell and tissue permeability and, as a consequence, drug uptake herein. Notwithstanding the large amount of evidence for their therapeutic efficacy, open issues remain. Because of the vast number of ultrasound- and microbubble-related parameters that can be altered and the variability in different models, the translation from basic research to (pre)clinical studies has been hindered. This review aims at connecting the knowledge gained from fundamental microbubble studies to the therapeutic efficacy seen in in vitro and in vivo studies, with an emphasis on a better understanding of the response of a microbubble upon exposure to ultrasound and its interaction with cells and tissues. More specifically, we address the acoustic settings and microbubble-related parameters (i.e., bubble size and physicochemistry of the bubble shell) that play a key role in microbubble-cell interactions and in the associated therapeutic outcome. Additionally, new techniques that may provide additional control over the treatment, such as monodisperse microbubble formulations, tunable ultrasound scanners, and cavitation detection techniques, are discussed. An in-depth understanding of the aspects presented in this work could eventually lead the way to more efficient and tailored microbubble-assisted ultrasound therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Roovers
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Ghent University , Ottergemsesteenweg 460 , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Tim Segers
- Physics of Fluids Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and Technical Medical (TechMed) Center , University of Twente , P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede , The Netherlands
| | - Guillaume Lajoinie
- Physics of Fluids Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and Technical Medical (TechMed) Center , University of Twente , P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede , The Netherlands
| | - Joke Deprez
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Ghent University , Ottergemsesteenweg 460 , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Michel Versluis
- Physics of Fluids Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and Technical Medical (TechMed) Center , University of Twente , P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede , The Netherlands
| | - Stefaan C De Smedt
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Ghent University , Ottergemsesteenweg 460 , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Ine Lentacker
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicine, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Ghent University , Ottergemsesteenweg 460 , Ghent , Belgium
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27
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Rojas JD, Borden MA, Dayton PA. Effect of Hydrostatic Pressure, Boundary Constraints and Viscosity on the Vaporization Threshold of Low-Boiling-Point Phase-Change Contrast Agents. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2019; 45:968-979. [PMID: 30658858 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The vaporization of low-boiling-point phase-change contrast agents (PCCAs) using ultrasound has been explored in vitro and in vivo. However, it has been reported that the pressure required for activation is higher in vivo, even after attenuation is accounted for. In this study, the effect of boundary constraints, hydrostatic pressure and viscosity on PCCA vaporization pressure threshold are evaluated to explore possible mechanisms for variations in in vivo vaporization behavior. Vaporization was measured in microtubes of varying inner diameter and a pressurized chamber under different hydrostatic pressures using a range of ultrasound pressures. Furthermore, the activation threshold was evaluated in the kidneys of rats. The results confirm that the vaporization threshold is higher in vivo and reveal an increasing activation threshold inversely proportional to constraining tube size and inversely proportional to surrounding viscosity in constrained environments. Counterintuitively, increased hydrostatic pressure had no significant effect experimentally on the PCCA vaporization threshold, although it was confirmed that this result was supported by homogeneous nucleation theory for liquid perfluorocarbon vaporization. These factors suggest that constraints caused by the surrounding tissue and capillary walls, as well as increased viscosity in vivo, contribute to the increased vaporization threshold compared with in vitro experiments, although more work is required to confirm all relevant factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan D Rojas
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mark A Borden
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Paul A Dayton
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
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28
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Helfield B. A Review of Phospholipid Encapsulated Ultrasound Contrast Agent Microbubble Physics. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2019; 45:282-300. [PMID: 30413335 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2018.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound contrast agent microbubbles have expanded the utility of biomedical ultrasound from anatomic imaging to the assessment of microvascular blood flow characteristics and ultrasound-assisted therapeutic applications. Central to their effectiveness in these applications is their resonant and non-linear oscillation behaviour. This article reviews the salient physics of an oscillating microbubble in an ultrasound field, with particular emphasis on phospholipid-coated agents. Both the theoretical underpinnings of bubble vibration and the experimental evidence of non-linear encapsulated bubble dynamics and scattering are discussed and placed within the context of current and emerging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Helfield
- Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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29
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Li Y, Chen Y, Du M, Chen ZY. Ultrasound Technology for Molecular Imaging: From Contrast Agents to Multimodal Imaging. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:2716-2728. [PMID: 33434997 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasound (US) takes advantage of ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) to further increase the sensitivity and specificity of monitoring at the cellular level, which has had a considerable effect on the modern molecular imaging field. Gas-filled microbubbles (MBs) as UCAs in the bloodstream generate resonant volumetric oscillations in response to rapid variations in acoustic pressure, which are related to both the acoustic parameters of applied ultrasound and the physicochemical properties of the contrast agents. Nanoscale UCAs have been developed and have attracted much attention due to their utility in detecting extravascular lesions. Ultrasound molecular assessment is achieved by binding disease-specific ligands to the surface of UCAs, which have been designed to target tissue biomarkers in the area of interest, such as blood vessels, inflammation, or thrombosis. Additionally, the development of multimodal imaging technology is conducive for integration of the advantages of various imaging techniques to acquire additional diagnostic information. In this review paper, the present status and the critical issues for developing ultrasound contrast agents and multimodal imaging applications are described. Conventional MB UCAs are first introduced, including their research material, diagnostic applications, and intrinsic limitations. Then, recent progress in developing targeted UCAs and phase-inversion contrast agents for diagnostic purposes is discussed. Finally, we review the present status and the critical issues for developing ultrasound-based multimodal imaging applications and summarize the existing challenges and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhao Chen
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Du
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Yi Chen
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, People's Republic of China
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30
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Tran DM, Harrang J, Song S, Chen J, Smith BM, Miao CH. Prolonging pulse duration in ultrasound-mediated gene delivery lowers acoustic pressure threshold for efficient gene transfer to cells and small animals. J Control Release 2018; 279:345-354. [PMID: 29702143 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
While ultrasound-mediated gene delivery (UMGD) has been accomplished using high peak negative pressures (PNPs) of 2 MPa or above, emerging research showed that this may not be a requirement for microbubble (MB) cavitation. Thus, we investigated lower-pressure conditions close to the MB inertial cavitation threshold and focused towards further increasing gene transfer efficiency and reducing associated cell damage. We created a matrix of 21 conditions (n = 3/cond.) to test in HEK293T cells using pulse durations spanning 18 μs-36 ms and PNPs spanning 0.5-2.5 MPa. Longer pulse duration conditions yielded significant increase in transgene expression relative to sham with local maxima between 20 J and 100 J energy curves. A similar set of 17 conditions (n = 4/cond.) was tested in mice using pulse durations spanning 18 μs-22 ms and PNPs spanning 0.5-2.5 MPa. We observed local maxima located between 1 J and 10 J energy curves in treated mice. Of these, several low pressure conditions showed a decrease in ALT and AST levels while maintaining better or comparable expression to our positive control, indicating a clear benefit to allow for effective transfection with minimized tissue damage versus the high-intensity control. Our data indicates that it is possible to eliminate the requirement of high PNPs by prolonging pulse durations for effective UMGD in vitro and in vivo, circumventing the peak power density limitations imposed by piezo-materials used in US transducers. Overall, these results demonstrate the advancement of UMGD technology for achieving efficient gene transfer and potential scalability to larger animal models and human application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic M Tran
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - James Harrang
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Shuxian Song
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Jeremy Chen
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Bryn M Smith
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Carol H Miao
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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31
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Suo D, Govind B, Zhang S, Jing Y. Numerical investigation of the inertial cavitation threshold under multi-frequency ultrasound. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2018; 41:419-426. [PMID: 29137770 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Through the introduction of multi-frequency sonication in High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU), enhancement of efficiency has been noted in several applications including thrombolysis, tissue ablation, sonochemistry, and sonoluminescence. One key experimental observation is that multi-frequency ultrasound can help lower the inertial cavitation threshold, thereby improving the power efficiency. However, this has not been well corroborated by the theory. In this paper, a numerical investigation on the inertial cavitation threshold of microbubbles (MBs) under multi-frequency ultrasound irradiation is conducted. The relationships between the cavitation threshold and MB size at various frequencies and in different media are investigated. The results of single-, dual and triple frequency sonication show reduced inertial cavitation thresholds by introducing additional frequencies which is consistent with previous experimental work. In addition, no significant difference is observed between dual frequency sonication with various frequency differences. This study, not only reaffirms the benefit of using multi-frequency ultrasound for various applications, but also provides a possible route for optimizing ultrasound excitations for initiating inertial cavitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingjie Suo
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States
| | - Bala Govind
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States
| | - Shengqi Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States
| | - Yun Jing
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States.
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32
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Roos ST, Yu FT, Kamp O, Chen X, Villanueva FS, Pacella JJ. Sonoreperfusion Therapy Kinetics in Whole Blood Using Ultrasound, Microbubbles and Tissue Plasminogen Activator. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2016; 42:3001-3009. [PMID: 27687734 PMCID: PMC5328593 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Coronary intervention for myocardial infarction often results in microvascular embolization of thrombus. Sonoreperfusion therapy (SRP) using ultrasound and microbubbles restored perfusion in our in vitro flow model of microvascular obstruction. In this study, we assessed SRP efficacy using whole blood as the perfusate with and without tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). In a phantom vessel bearing a 40-μm-pore mesh to simulate the microvasculature, microthrombi were injected to cause microvascular obstruction and were treated using SRP. Without tPA, the lytic rate increased from 2.6 ± 1.5 mmHg/min with 1000-cycle pulses to 7.3 ± 3.2 mmHg/min with 5000-cycle ultrasound pulses (p < 0.01). The lytic index was similar for tPA-only ([2.0 ± 0.5] × 10-3 mmHg-1 min-1) and 5000 cycles without tPA ([2.3 ± 0.5] × 10-3 mmHg-1 min-1) (p = 0.5) but increased ([3.6 ± 0.8] × 10-3 mmHg-1 min-1) with tPA in conjunction with 5000-cycles ultrasound (p < 0.01). In conclusion, SRP restored microvascular perfusion in whole blood, SRP lytic rate in experiments without tPA increased with ultrasound pulse length and efficacy increased with the addition of tPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiaan T Roos
- Center for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Heart and Vascular Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Cardiology and Institute for Cardiovascular Research (ICaR-VU), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands (ICIN), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - François T Yu
- Center for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Heart and Vascular Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Otto Kamp
- Department of Cardiology and Institute for Cardiovascular Research (ICaR-VU), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands (ICIN), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Xucai Chen
- Center for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Heart and Vascular Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Flordeliza S Villanueva
- Center for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Heart and Vascular Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John J Pacella
- Center for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Heart and Vascular Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
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33
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Raymond JL, Luan Y, Peng T, Huang SL, McPherson DD, Versluis M, de Jong N, Holland CK. Loss of gas from echogenic liposomes exposed to pulsed ultrasound. Phys Med Biol 2016; 61:8321-8339. [PMID: 27811382 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/61/23/8321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The destruction of echogenic liposomes (ELIP) in response to pulsed ultrasound excitations has been studied acoustically previously. However, the mechanism underlying the loss of echogenicity due to cavitation nucleated by ELIP has not been fully clarified. In this study, an ultra-high speed imaging approach was employed to observe the destruction phenomena of single ELIP exposed to ultrasound bursts at a center frequency of 6 MHz. We observed a rapid size reduction during the ultrasound excitation in 139 out of 397 (35%) ultra- high-speed recordings. The shell dilation rate, which is defined as the microbubble wall velocity divided by the instantaneous radius, [Formula: see text] /R, was extracted from the radius versus time response of each ELIP, and was found to be correlated with the deflation. Fragmentation and surface mode vibrations were also observed and are shown to depend on the applied acoustic pressure and initial radius. Results from this study can be utilized to optimize the theranostic application of ELIP, e.g. by tuning the size distribution or the excitation frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason L Raymond
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Cincinnati, Cardiovascular Center 3940, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0586, USA
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34
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Black JJ, Yu FTH, Schnatz RG, Chen X, Villanueva FS, Pacella JJ. Effect of Thrombus Composition and Viscosity on Sonoreperfusion Efficacy in a Model of Micro-Vascular Obstruction. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2016; 42:2220-31. [PMID: 27207018 PMCID: PMC4983511 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Distal embolization of micro-thrombi during stenting for myocardial infarction causes micro-vascular obstruction (MVO). We have previously shown that sonoreperfusion (SRP), a microbubble (MB)-mediated ultrasound (US) therapy, resolves MVO from venous micro-thrombi in vitro in saline. However, blood is more viscous than saline, and arterial thrombi that embolize during stenting are mechanically distinct from venous clot. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that MVO created with arterial micro-thrombi are more resistant to SRP therapy compared with venous micro-thrombi, and higher viscosity further increases the US requirement for effective SRP in an in vitro model of MVO. Lipid MBs suspended in plasma with adjusted viscosity (1.1 cP or 4.0 cP) were passed through tubing bearing a mesh with 40-μm pores to simulate a micro-vascular cross-section; upstream pressure reflected thrombus burden. To simulate MVO, the mesh was occluded with either arterial or venous micro-thrombi to increase upstream pressure to 40 mmHg ± 5 mmHg. Therapeutic long-tone-burst US was delivered to the occluded area for 20 min. MB activity was recorded with a passive cavitation detector. MVO caused by arterial micro-thrombi at either blood or plasma viscosity resulted in less effective SRP therapy compared to venous thrombi. Higher viscosity further reduced the effectiveness of SRP therapy. The passive cavitation detector showed a decrease in inertial cavitation when viscosity was increased, while stable cavitation was affected in a more complex manner. Overall, these data suggest that arterial thrombi may require higher acoustic pressure US than venous thrombi to achieve similar SRP efficacy; increased viscosity decreases SRP efficacy; and both inertial and stable cavitation are implicated in observed SRP efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Black
- Center for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Francois T H Yu
- Center for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rick G Schnatz
- Center for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xucai Chen
- Center for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Flordeliza S Villanueva
- Center for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - John J Pacella
- Center for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Kandadai MA, Mukherjee P, Shekhar H, Shaw GJ, Papautsky I, Holland CK. Microfluidic manufacture of rt-PA -loaded echogenic liposomes. Biomed Microdevices 2016; 18:48. [PMID: 27206512 PMCID: PMC4920071 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-016-0072-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Echogenic liposomes (ELIP), loaded with recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) and microbubbles that act as cavitation nuclei, are under development for ultrasound-mediated thrombolysis. Conventional manufacturing techniques produce a polydisperse rt-PA-loaded ELIP population with only a small percentage of particles containing microbubbles. Further, a polydisperse population of rt-PA-loaded ELIP has a broadband frequency response with complex bubble dynamics when exposed to pulsed ultrasound. In this work, a microfluidic flow-focusing device was used to generate monodisperse rt-PA-loaded ELIP (μtELIP) loaded with a perfluorocarbon gas. The rt-PA associated with the μtELIP was encapsulated within the lipid shell as well as intercalated within the lipid shell. The μtELIP had a mean diameter of 5 μm, a resonance frequency of 2.2 MHz, and were found to be stable for at least 30 min in 0.5 % bovine serum albumin. Additionally, 35 % of μtELIP particles were estimated to contain microbubbles, an order of magnitude higher than that reported previously for batch-produced rt-PA-loaded ELIP. These findings emphasize the advantages offered by microfluidic techniques for improving the encapsulation efficiency of both rt-PA and perflurocarbon microbubbles within echogenic liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuvanthi A Kandadai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Suite 1551, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, 231 Albert Sabin Way, CVC 3974, Cincinnati, OH, 45267-0769, USA.
| | - Prithviraj Mukherjee
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computing Systems, University of Cincinnati, 812 Rhodes Hall, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Himanshu Shekhar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Diseases, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - George J Shaw
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Suite 1551, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Ian Papautsky
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computing Systems, University of Cincinnati, 812 Rhodes Hall, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Christy K Holland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Diseases, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
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Lajoinie G, De Cock I, Coussios CC, Lentacker I, Le Gac S, Stride E, Versluis M. In vitro methods to study bubble-cell interactions: Fundamentals and therapeutic applications. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2016; 10:011501. [PMID: 26865903 PMCID: PMC4733084 DOI: 10.1063/1.4940429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Besides their use as contrast agents for ultrasound imaging, microbubbles are increasingly studied for a wide range of therapeutic applications. In particular, their ability to enhance the uptake of drugs through the permeabilization of tissues and cell membranes shows great promise. In order to fully understand the numerous paths by which bubbles can interact with cells and the even larger number of possible biological responses from the cells, thorough and extensive work is necessary. In this review, we consider the range of experimental techniques implemented in in vitro studies with the aim of elucidating these microbubble-cell interactions. First of all, the variety of cell types and cell models available are discussed, emphasizing the need for more and more complex models replicating in vivo conditions together with experimental challenges associated with this increased complexity. Second, the different types of stabilized microbubbles and more recently developed droplets and particles are presented, followed by their acoustic or optical excitation methods. Finally, the techniques exploited to study the microbubble-cell interactions are reviewed. These techniques operate over a wide range of timescales, or even off-line, revealing particular aspects or subsequent effects of these interactions. Therefore, knowledge obtained from several techniques must be combined to elucidate the underlying processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Lajoinie
- Physics of Fluids Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente , Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Ine De Cock
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University , Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Ine Lentacker
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University , Ghent, Belgium
| | - Séverine Le Gac
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente , Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Eleanor Stride
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford , Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michel Versluis
- Physics of Fluids Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente , Enschede, The Netherlands
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Helfield B, Chen X, Qin B, Villanueva FS. Individual lipid encapsulated microbubble radial oscillations: Effects of fluid viscosity. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2016; 139:204-14. [PMID: 26827018 PMCID: PMC4714991 DOI: 10.1121/1.4939123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound-stimulated microbubble dynamics have been shown to be dependent on intrinsic bubble properties, including size and shell characteristics. The effect of the surrounding environment on microbubble response, however, has been less investigated. In particular, microbubble optimization studies are generally conducted in water/saline, characterized by a 1 cP viscosity, for application in the vasculature (i.e., 4 cP). In this study, ultra-high speed microscopy was employed to investigate fluid viscosity effects on phospholipid encapsulated microbubble oscillations at 1 MHz, using a single, eight-cycle pulse at peak negative pressures of 100 and 250 kPa. Microbubble oscillations were shown to be affected by fluid viscosity in a size- and pressure-dependent manner. In general, the oscillation amplitudes exhibited by microbubbles between 3 and 6 μm in 1 cP fluid were larger than in 4 cP fluid, reaching a maximum of 1.7-fold at 100 kPa for microbubbles 3.8 μm in diameter and 1.35-fold at 250 kPa for microbubbles 4.8 μm in diameter. Simulation results were in broad agreement at 250 kPa, however generally underestimated the effect of fluid viscosity at 100 kPa. This is the first experimental demonstration documenting the effects of surrounding fluid viscosity on microbubble oscillations, resulting in behavior not entirely predicted by current microbubble models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Helfield
- Center for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Xucai Chen
- Center for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Bin Qin
- Center for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Flordeliza S Villanueva
- Center for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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