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Zhang D, Wang X, Lin J, Xiong Y, Lu H, Huang J, Lou X. Multi-frequency therapeutic ultrasound: A review. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 100:106608. [PMID: 37774469 PMCID: PMC10543167 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Focused ultrasound is a noninvasive, radiation-free and real-time therapeutic approach to treat deep-seated targets, which benefits numerous diseases otherwise requiring surgeries. Treatment efficiency is one of the key factors determining therapeutic outcomes, but improving it solely by increasing the total power can be limited by the performance of general ultrasound devices. To address this, multi-frequency therapeutic ultrasound, using additional ultrasound waves of different frequencies on top of the standard single-frequency wave, provides a promising method for treatment efficiency enhancement with limited power. Several applications and numerical works have demonstrated its superiority on treatment enhancement. This paper presents an overview of the mechanisms, implementations, applications and decisive parameters of the multi-frequency therapeutic ultrasound, which could help to pave the way for better understanding and further developing this technology in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaji Lin
- Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yongqin Xiong
- Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haoxuan Lu
- Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayu Huang
- Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Lou
- Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
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The effect of dual-frequency sonication in the presence of thalidomide angiogenesis inhibitor and nanomicelles containing doxorubicin on inhibiting the growth and angiogenesis of breast adenocarcinoma in vivo. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 40:20. [PMID: 36434467 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01898-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of dual-frequency sonication in the presence of thalidomide angiogenesis inhibitor and nanomicelles containing doxorubicin on inhibiting the growth and angiogenesis of breast adenocarcinoma in BALB/c female mice. Sixty mice carrying the tumor were divided into 12 groups: (A) control, (B) 28 kHz and 3 MHz sonication, (C) thalidomide, (D) thalidomide and 28 kHz, (E) thalidomide and 3 MHz, (F) thalidomide and dual-frequency sonication, (G) doxorubicin, (H) nanomicelles containing doxorubicin, (I) nanomicelles containing doxorubicin and dual-frequency sonication, (J) thalidomide and doxorubicin, (K) thalidomide and nanomicelles containing doxorubicin, and (L) thalidomide and nanomicelles containing doxorubicin and dual-frequency sonication. The delay in the tumor growth and angiogenesis percent were extracted. Pathological and immunohistochemical studies were performed to confirm the treatment. The findings of tumor growth retardation parameters and animal survival were significantly different in group L from all groups (P < 0.05). The highest rate of inhibition was in group L with a 46% inhibition. In group L, 100% of the animals survived until day 49. In groups F, C, G, B, and A, all the animals survived 45, 42, 39, 32, and 30 days, respectively. Pathological results showed a decrease in tumor grade in groups K and L. Histopathological results demonstrate a decrease in group L angiogenesis compared to group C. These findings were consistent with the results of color Doppler ultrasound imaging. Dual-frequency sonication in the presence of thalidomide and doxorubicin-containing nanomicelles inhibits tumor growth and angiogenesis.
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Ma X, Yang D, Qiu W, Mei J, Xie J. Influence of Multifrequency Ultrasound-Assisted Freezing on the Flavour Attributes and Myofibrillar Protein Characteristics of Cultured Large Yellow Croaker ( Larimichthys crocea). Front Nutr 2022; 8:779546. [PMID: 34977123 PMCID: PMC8714677 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.779546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The influence of multifrequency ultrasound-assisted freezing (UAF) as compared with single- and dual-UAF on the flavour, microstructure, and myofibrillar proteins (MPs) of cultured large yellow croaker was investigated to improve food quality in a sustainable way and address the major global challenges concerning food and nutrition security in the (near) future. Multifrequency UAF-treated samples had lower total volatile basic nitrogen values during freezing than single- and dual-UAF-treated samples. Thirty-six volatile compounds were identified by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) during freezing, and the multifrequency UAF-treated samples showed significant decreases in the relative contents of fishy flavoured compounds, including 1-penten-3-ol and 1-octen-3-ol. In addition, multifrequency UAF treatment better maintained a well-organised protein secondary structure by maintaining higher α-helical and β-sheet contents and stabilising the tertiary structure. Scanning electron microscopy images indicated that the ice crystals developed by the multifrequency UAF were fine and uniformly distributed, resulting in less damage to the frozen large yellow croaker samples. Therefore, multifrequency UAF improved the flavour attributes and MP characteristics of the large yellow croaker samples. Overall, multifrequency UAF can serve as an efficient way for improving food quality and nutritional profile in a sustainable way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Ma
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dazhang Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Food Science and Engineering Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Product Processing and Preservation, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Professional Technology Service Platform on Cold Chain Equipment Performance and Energy Saving Evaluation, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqiang Qiu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Food Science and Engineering Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Product Processing and Preservation, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Professional Technology Service Platform on Cold Chain Equipment Performance and Energy Saving Evaluation, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Mei
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Food Science and Engineering Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Product Processing and Preservation, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Professional Technology Service Platform on Cold Chain Equipment Performance and Energy Saving Evaluation, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Xie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Food Science and Engineering Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Product Processing and Preservation, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Professional Technology Service Platform on Cold Chain Equipment Performance and Energy Saving Evaluation, Shanghai, China
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Chotphruethipong L, Hutamekalin P, Sukketsiri W, Benjakul S. Effects of sonication and ultrasound on properties and bioactivities of liposomes loaded with hydrolyzed collagen from defatted sea bass skin conjugated with epigallocatechin gallate. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13809. [PMID: 34145603 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hydrolyzed collagen (HC) from defatted sea bass skin conjugated with 3% epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) was prepared and the resulting HC-EGCG conjugate at various levels (0.25%-2%, w/v) was loaded into liposome. The obtained liposomes were subjected to sonication (S). Liposome loaded with 1% conjugate showed the highest encapsulation efficiency (EE) (p < .05). When the ultrasound-assisted process (UAP) at different amplitudes (20% and 40%) and times (2, 5, 10, and 15 min) were implemented, the highest EE of conjugate-loaded liposome was found at 20% amplitude for 2 min (p < .05). When S-liposome and UAP-liposome were lyophilized, decreasing EE of both samples was observed (p < .05). Lyophilized UAP-liposome had higher stability than lyophilized S-liposome during storage at 25℃ for 28 days. Additionally, antioxidant activity in the gastrointestinal track model system (GIMs) and digest obtained from GIMs were higher for UAP-liposome (p < .05). Therefore, liposome can be used for the delivery of conjugate. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: HC from defatted sea bass skin is considered to possess several bioactivities, especially skin nourishment and bone strengthening. Nevertheless, antioxidant activity, related to the treatment of several ailments, is still low for HC. Thus, grafting of HC with polyphenol such as EGCG via free radical method can be used for the enhancement of the antioxidant activity of HC. Although the resulting conjugate has augmented activity, it is unstable during storage and in the gastrointestinal digestion system. Liposome is a promising means to stabilize the conjugate under harsh condition, especially with the aid of the UAP. Thus, liposome loaded with conjugate having the reduced size has higher antioxidant activity with increased stability, which can have a wider range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalita Chotphruethipong
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Pilaiwanwadee Hutamekalin
- Division of Health and Applied Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Wanida Sukketsiri
- Division of Health and Applied Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Soottawat Benjakul
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
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Laajimi H, Mattia M, Stein RS, Bianchi CL, Boffito DC. Electron paramagnetic resonance of sonicated powder suspensions in organic solvents. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 73:105544. [PMID: 33819869 PMCID: PMC8047979 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The chemical effects of the acoustic cavitation generated by ultrasound translates into the production of highly reactive radicals. Acoustic cavitation is widely explored in aqueous solutions but it remains poorly studied in organic liquids and in particular in liquid/solid media. However, several heterogeneous catalysis reactions take place in organic solvents. Thus, we sonicated trimethylene glycol and propylene glycol in the presence of silica particles (SiO2) of different sizes (5-15 nm, 0.2-0.3 µm, 12-26 µm) and amounts (0.5 wt% and 3 wt%) at an ultrasound frequency of 20 kHz to quantify the radicals generated. The spin trap 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrrolin-N-oxide (DMPO) was used to trap the generated radicals for study by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. We identified the trapped radical as the hydroxyalkyl radical adduct of DMPO, and we quantified it using stable radical 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO) as a quantitation standard. The concentration of DMPO spin adducts in solutions containing silica size 12-26 µm was higher than the solution without particles. The presence of these particles increased the concentration of the acoustically generated radicals by a factor of 1.5 (29 µM for 0.5 wt% of SiO2 size 12-26 µm vs 19 µM for 0 wt%, after 60 min of sonication). Ultrasound produced fewest radicals in solutions with the smallest particles; the concentration of radical adducts was highest for SiO2 particle size 12-26 µm at 0.5 wt% loading, reaching 29 µM after 60 min sonication. Ultrasound power of 50.6 W produced more radicals than 24.7 W (23 µM and 18 µM, respectively, at 30 min sonication). Increased temperature during sonication generated more radical adducts in the medium (26 µM at 75 °C and 18 µM at 61 °C after 30 min sonication). Acoustic cavitation, in the presence of silica, increased the production of radical species in the studied organic medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héla Laajimi
- Polytechnique Montréal - Department of Chemical Engineering, C.P. 6079, Centre Ville, H3C 3A7 Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Michela Mattia
- Università degli Studi di Milano - Chemistry Department, via Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Robin S Stein
- McGill University - Chemistry Department, 801 Rue Sherbrooke Ouest, Montréal QC H3A 0B8, QC, Canada
| | - Claudia L Bianchi
- Università degli Studi di Milano - Chemistry Department, via Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Daria C Boffito
- Polytechnique Montréal - Department of Chemical Engineering, C.P. 6079, Centre Ville, H3C 3A7 Montréal, QC, Canada.
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Moghaddam ZH, Mokhtari-Dizaji M, Movahedin M. Effect of Acoustic Cavitation on Mouse Spermatogonial Stem Cells: Colonization and Viability. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2021; 40:999-1010. [PMID: 32876351 DOI: 10.1002/jum.15476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The mechanical index has long been one of the main criteria used to assess the safety limits for therapeutic medical applications. However, the safety of the mechanical index parameter is considered to be unknown in male fertility, which has a very significant role in vitro conditions. In this study, the effect of cavitation interactions due to mechanical index regions was evaluated on spermatogonial stem cells. METHODS The acoustic pressure and mechanical index equations at the low intensities and the intended frequency were modeled and solved. The mechanical index average of 40 kHz frequency was selected as subthreshold, 0.70, and above the cavitation threshold. Neonatal spermatogonial stem cells were cultured. Spermatogonial stem cells are stimulated by low-level ultrasound for 5 days and colonization and viability evaluated on the seventh day. RESULTS Based on modeling, the mechanical index average was chosen as 0.40, 0.51, 0.75, and 0.89. The mechanical index of 0.40 and 0.89 resulted in a number of colonies of 93 ± 4 and 32 ± 4, respectively. An increase in colony diameter could be observed for a 0.40 mechanical index during all days of the culture that in the culture on the seventh day had the largest average colony diameter of 174.05 ± 1.22 μm in comparison with other groups (p < 0.05). The cell viability was not significantly different among the groups. CONCLUSION The results suggest that a low-intensity ultrasound of 40 kHz with a 0.40 mechanical index can be effective in increasing the proliferation and colonization of spermatogonia in stem cells during culture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mansoureh Movahedin
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Adelnia A, Mokhtari-Dizaji M, Hoseinkhani S, Bakhshandeh M. The effect of dual-frequency ultrasound waves on B16F10 melanoma cells: Sonodynamic therapy using nanoliposomes containing methylene blue. Skin Res Technol 2020; 27:376-384. [PMID: 33085810 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the effect of dual-frequency sonication on the viability of B16F10 melanoma cells in the presence of methylene blue (MB) encapsulated in nanoliposomes. METHODS Treatment protocols were studied: sonication groups (40 kHz, 1 MHz and dual-frequency), the same sonication groups with nanoliposomes containing MB, MB free and nanoliposomes containing MB groups, and so sham and control groups. The nanoliposomes were prepared by the lipid film hydration method. The cell viability of the different treatment groups was evaluated by the MTT assay. RESULTS The dual-frequency protocols caused higher viability losses compared to the kHz and MHz sonications (P < .05). In presence of the nanoliposomes containing MB, dual frequency led to 6% and 3% viability for 600 and 1200 seconds, respectively, while the corresponding values were 10% and 4% for the 40 kHz protocols and 22% and 9% for the 1 MHz, as compared to the control group (100%). The result of KI dosimetry showed that the cavitation activity of the dual-frequency protocol was about 1.23, as compared to sonication at 40 kHz and 1 MHz. CONCLUSION Enhancement of inertial cavitation induction by dual-frequency sonication may be the primary effective mechanism, which causes increased sonochemical processes and drug release from nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akbar Adelnia
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Manijhe Mokhtari-Dizaji
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saman Hoseinkhani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Bakhshandeh
- Department of Radiology Technology, Allied Medical Faculty, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Matafonova G, Batoev V. Dual-frequency ultrasound: Strengths and shortcomings to water treatment and disinfection. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 182:116016. [PMID: 32619682 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Since the early 2000s, dual-frequency ultrasound (DFUS) has received much attention for synergistically enhanced elimination of organic pollutants and pathogenic microorganisms from water. In the present review, we have surveyed recent developments in acoustic physics to elucidate the mechanism of synergistic effect under exposure of aqueous media to DFUS. Briefly, the nonlinear dynamics of microbubbles upon DFUS exposure produces additional frequencies, such as harmonics, subharmonics, ultraharmonics and combination frequencies. These increase the probability of bubbles collapse, thereby enhancing cavitation and generating more reactive oxygen species (ROS) for advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). Further, literature data on ROS generation, chemical degradation and microbial inactivation in aqueous media through DFUS alone and DFUS-based AOPs (involving oxidants or catalysts) have been discussed. In this regard, optimal frequency combination, sonoreactor type and transducer arrangement appear to be key parameters for achieving a high synergistic effect. Strengths and shortcomings of DFUS to water treatment and disinfection have been identified and future research directions have been proposed. Though most studies were conducted on pure (matrix-free) aqueous solutions, these AOPs could be applicable for treating real waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Matafonova
- Laboratory of Engineering Ecology, Baikal Institute of Nature Management, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Ude, Russia.
| | - Valeriy Batoev
- Laboratory of Engineering Ecology, Baikal Institute of Nature Management, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Ude, Russia
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Zhu Z, Zhang P, Sun DW. Effects of multi-frequency ultrasound on freezing rates and quality attributes of potatoes. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2020; 60:104733. [PMID: 31514109 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.104733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The effects of multi-frequency ultrasound assisted freezing on the freezing rate, microstructure, quality properties (drip loss, firmness, total calcium content, l-ascorbic acid content and total phenol content) of potatoes were studied. The results indicated that the freezing effects of multi-frequency ultrasound was better than those of single-frequency ultrasound. Multi-frequency ultrasound could significantly increase the freezing rate and preserve the quality of frozen samples better. With increase in the number of ultrasonic frequencies, the freezing effect was more obvious. In addition, scan electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that the ice crystals formed by the multi-frequency ultrasonic treatment were fine and uniformly distributed, which caused less damage to the frozen potato samples. From the analysis of the quality attributes, the nutritional values of the samples after multi-frequency ultrasonic treatment was higher, but attention should be paid to the negative influence of the hydroxyl radical generated by the multi-frequency ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Zhu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China; Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Peizhi Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China; Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Da-Wen Sun
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China; Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China; Food Refrigeration and Computerized Food Technology (FRCFT), Agriculture and Food Science Centre, University College Dublin, National University of Ireland, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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Chitnis PV, Farny CH, Roy RA. SVD-Based Separation of Stable and Inertial Cavitation Signals Applied to Passive Cavitation Mapping During HIFU. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2019; 66:857-866. [PMID: 30762545 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2019.2898917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Detection of inertial and stable cavitation is important for guiding high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU). Acoustic transducers can passively detect broadband noise from inertial cavitation and the scattering of HIFU harmonics from stable cavitation bubbles. Conventional approaches to cavitation noise diagnostics typically involve computing the Fourier transform of the time-domain noise signal, applying a custom comb filter to isolate the frequency components of interest, followed by an inverse Fourier transform. We present an alternative technique based on singular value decomposition (SVD) that efficiently separates the broadband emissions and HIFU harmonics. Spatiotemporally resolved cavitation detection was achieved using a 128-element, 5-MHz linear-array ultrasound imaging system operating in the receive mode at 15 frames/s. A 1.1-MHz transducer delivered HIFU to tissue-mimicking phantoms and excised liver tissue for a duration of 5 s. Beamformed radio frequency signals corresponding to each scan line in a frame were assembled into a matrix, and SVD was performed. Spectra of the singular vectors obtained from a tissue-mimicking gel phantom were analyzed by computing the peak ratio ( R ), defined as the ratio of the peak of its fifth-order polynomial fit and the maximum spectral peak. Singular vectors that produced an were classified as those representing stable cavitation, i.e., predominantly containing harmonics of HIFU. The projection of data onto this singular base reproduced stable cavitation signals. Similarly, singular vectors that produced an were classified as those predominantly containing broadband noise associated with inertial cavitation. These singular vectors were used to isolate the inertial cavitation signal. The R -value thresholds determined using gel data were then employed to analyze cavitation data obtained from bovine liver ex vivo. The SVD-based method faithfully reproduced the structural details in the spatiotemporal cavitation maps produced using the more cumbersome comb-filter approach with a maximum root-mean-squared error of 10%.
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Sun C, Jiang S, Liu Y. Numerical Study and Optimisation of a Novel Single-Element Dual-Frequency Ultrasound Transducer. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18030703. [PMID: 29495438 PMCID: PMC5877122 DOI: 10.3390/s18030703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A dual-frequency ultrasound transducer (DFUT) is usually preferred for its numerous advantageous applications, especially in biomedical imaging and sensing. However, most of DFUTs are based on the combination of fundamental and harmonic operations, or integration of multiple different single-frequency ultrasound transducers, hindering perfect beam alignment and acoustic impedance matching. A novel single-element DFUT has been proposed in this paper. A small piezoelectric membrane is used as the high-frequency ultrasound transducer, which is stacked on a large non-piezoelectric elastic membrane with a groove used as the low-frequency capacitive ultrasound transducer. Such a capacitive-piezoelectric hybrid structure is theoretically analysed in details, based on the electrostatic attraction force and converse piezoelectric effect. Both the low and high resonance frequencies are independently derived, with a maximum deviation of less than 4% from the finite element simulations. Besides, a lumped-parameter equivalent circuit model of combining both the capacitive and piezoelectric ultrasound transducers was also described. Based on our dual-frequency structure design, a high-to-low frequency ratio of about 2 to more than 20 could be achieved, with easy and independent controllability of two frequencies, and the high-frequency operation shows at least an order-of-magnitude displacement sensitivity improvement compared with the conventional harmonic operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhe Sun
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chonqing 400044, China.
- Centre for Intelligent Sensing Technology, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Senlin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chonqing 400044, China.
- Centre for Intelligent Sensing Technology, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Yufei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems, Chongqing University, Ministry of Education, Chonqing 400044, China.
- Centre for Intelligent Sensing Technology, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
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Saien J, Daneshamoz S. Experimental studies on the effect of ultrasonic waves on single drop liquid-liquid extraction. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2018; 40:11-16. [PMID: 28946403 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The influence of ultrasonic waves on hydrodynamics and mass transfer of circulating drops in liquid-liquid extraction process was studied. The recommended chemical systems of toluene-acetic acid-water with mass transfer resistance mainly in the organic phase, and cumene-isobutyric acid-water in the aqueous phase were used. An extraction column, equipped with an ultrasonic emitter of 35.40kHz real frequency and 0.37mW/cm2 intensity, was employed. The ultrasound properties were measured using the hydrophone standard method. Drops terminal velocity was comparable with the Grace model. In mass transfer study, significant enhancement was revealed in overall mass transfer coefficient for different drop sizes and for the both mass transfer directions by using ultrasonic waves. The average and maximum enhancements were, respectively, 20.8 and 31.7% for toluene-acetic acid-water, and 40.3 and 55.1% for cumene-isobutyric acid-water. Small drops exhibited a higher enhancement percentage. Regarding the mass transfer direction, the system of cumene-isobutyric acid-water with continuous to dispersed phase direction, was benefited more as the consequence of creating effective agitation in continuous phase than in dispersed phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Saien
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, 65174 Hamedan, Iran.
| | - Sana Daneshamoz
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, 65174 Hamedan, Iran
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Moghaddam ZH, Mokhtari-Dizaji M, Movahedin M, Ravari ME. Estimation of the distribution of low-intensity ultrasound mechanical index as a parameter affecting the proliferation of spermatogonia stem cells in vitro. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2017; 37:571-581. [PMID: 28427670 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Revised: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Considering the use of physical and mechanical stimulation, such as low-intensity ultrasound for proliferation and differentiation of stem cells, it is essential to understand the physical and acoustical mechanisms of acoustic waves in vitro. Mechanical index is used for quantifying acoustic cavitation and the relationship between acoustic pressure and the frequency. In this study, modeling of the mechanical index was applied to provide treatment protocol and to understand the effective physical processes on reproducibility of stem cells. Due to low intensity of ultrasound, Rayleigh integral model has been used for acoustic pressure computation. The acoustic pressure and mechanical index equations are modeled and solved to estimate optimal mechanical index for 28, 40, 150kHz and 1MHz frequencies. This model are solved in different intensities and distances from transducer in cylindrical coordinates. Based on the results of the mechanical index, regions with threshold mechanical index of 0.7 were identified for extracting of radiation arrangement to cell medium. Acoustic pressure distribution along the axial and radial was extracted. In order to validate the results of the modeling, the acoustic pressure in the water and near field depth was measured by a piston hydrophone. Results of modeling and experiments show that the model is consistent well to experimental results with 0.91 and 0.90 correlation of coefficient (p<0.05) for 1MHz and 40kHz. Low-intensity ultrasound with 0.40 mechanical index is more effective on enhancing the proliferation rate of the spermatogonia stem cells during the seven days of culture. In contrast, higher mechanical index has a harmful effect on the spermatogonial stem cells. Thus, considering cavitation threshold of different materials is necessary to find effective mechanical index ranges on proliferation for the used frequencies. This acoustic propagation model and ultrasound mechanical index assessments can be used with acceptable accuracy, for the extraction special arrangement of acoustic exposure used in biological conditions in vitro. This model provides proper treatment planning in vitro and in vivo by estimating the cavitation phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manijhe Mokhtari-Dizaji
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Iran.
| | - Mansoureh Movahedin
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ehsan Ravari
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Iran
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Wang B, Meng T, Ma H, Zhang Y, Li Y, Jin J, Ye X. Mechanism study of dual-frequency ultrasound assisted enzymolysis on rapeseed protein by immobilized Alcalase. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2016; 32:307-313. [PMID: 27150775 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of ultrasound field promoting enzymolysis efficiency is difficult to study, because the reaction system mixes with enzymes, proteins and hydrolysates. Immobilized enzyme is a good option that can be used to investigate the mechanism by separating enzymes out from the system after enzymolysis. The objective of this study was by using immobilized Alcalase to investigate the effects and mechanisms of the promotion of dual-frequency ultrasound (DFU) assisted-enzymolysis on rapeseed protein. Based on single factor experiments, response surface methodology model with three factors - hydrolysis time, power density and solid-liquid ratio at three levels was utilized to optimize the degree of hydrolysis (DH). Circular dichroism (CD) was used to analyze the secondary structure change of the protein, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to analyze the surface microstructure change of the enzyme. The results showed that with DFU assisted-enzymolysis, the DH increased by 74.38% at the optimal levels for power density 57W/L, solid-liquid ratio 5.3g/L and enzymolysis time 76min. After DFU assisted-enzymolysis, the yield of soluble solids content, including protein, peptides and total sugar in hydrolysate increased by 64.61%, 40.88% and 23.60%, respectively. CD analysis showed that after DFU assisted-enzymolysis, the number of α-helix and random coil decreased by 10.7% and 4.5%, β-chain increased by 2.4%. SEM showed that the degree of surface roughness of immobilized Alcalase increased. The above results indicated that the improvement of hydrolysis by DFU assisted-enzymolysis was achieved by enhancing the solid solubility, changing the molecular structure of protein and increased the surface area of immobilized enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Tingting Meng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Haile Ma
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China.
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Yunliang Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Jian Jin
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Xiaofei Ye
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China; Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, The University of Tennessee, 2506 E.J. Chapman Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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15
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Ebrahiminia A, Mokhtari-Dizaji M, Toliyat T. Dual frequency cavitation event sensor with iodide dosimeter. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2016; 28:276-282. [PMID: 26384909 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The inertial cavitation activity depends on the sonication parameters. The purpose of this work is development of dual frequency inertial cavitation meter for therapeutic applications of ultrasound waves. In this study, the chemical effects of sonication parameters in dual frequency sonication (40 kHz and 1 MHz) were investigated in the progressive wave mode using iodide dosimetry. For this purpose, efficacy of different exposure parameters such as intensity, sonication duration, sonication mode, duty factor and net ultrasound energy on the inertial cavitation activity have been studied. To quantify cavitational effects, the KI dosimeter solution was sonicated and its absorbance at a wavelength of 350 nm was measured. The absorbance values in continuous sonication mode was significantly higher than the absorbance corresponding to the pulsed mode having duty factors of 20-80% (p<0.05). Among different combination modes (1 MHz 100%+40 kHz 100%, 1 MHz 100%+40 kHz 80%, 1 MHz 80%+40 kHz 100%, 1 MHz 80%+40 kHz 80%), the continuous mode for dual frequency sonication is more effective than other combinations (p<0.05). The absorbance for this combined dual frequency mode was about 1.8 times higher than that obtained from the algebraic summation of single frequency sonications. It is believed that the optimization of dual frequency sonication parameters at low-level intensity (<3 W/cm(2)) by optically assisted cavitation event sensor can be useful for ultrasonic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ebrahiminia
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Iran
| | - Manijhe Mokhtari-Dizaji
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Iran.
| | - Tayebeh Toliyat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Hu Z, Fan H, Lv G, Zhou Q, Yang B, Zheng J, Cao W. 5-Aminolevulinic acid-mediated sonodynamic therapy induces anti-tumor effects in malignant melanoma via p53-miR-34a-Sirt1 axis. J Dermatol Sci 2015; 79:155-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2015.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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17
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Li Y, Zhou Q, Hu Z, Yang B, Li Q, Wang J, Zheng J, Cao W. 5-Aminolevulinic Acid-Based Sonodynamic Therapy Induces the Apoptosis of Osteosarcoma in Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132074. [PMID: 26161801 PMCID: PMC4498784 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is promising for treatment of cancer, but its effect on osteosarcoma is unclear. This study examined the effect of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid (5-ALA)-based SDT on the growth of implanted osteosarcoma and their potential mechanisms in vivo and in vitro. Methods The dose and metabolism of 5-ALA and ultrasound periods were optimized in a mouse model of induced osteosarcoma and in UMR-106 cells. The effects of ALA-SDT on the proliferation and apoptosis of UMR-106 cells and the growth of implanted osteosarcoma were examined. The levels of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔψM), ROS production, BcL-2, Bax, p53 and caspase 3 expression in UMR-106 cells were determined. Results Treatment with 5-ALA for eight hours was optimal for ALA-SDT in the mouse tumor model and treatment with 2 mM 5-ALA for 6 hours and ultrasound (1.0 MHz 2.0 W/cm2) for 7 min were optimal for UMR-106 cells. SDT, but not 5-ALA, alone inhibited the growth of implanted osteosarcoma in mice (P<0.01) and reduced the viability of UMR-106 cells (p<0.05). ALA-SDT further reduced the tumor volumes and viability of UMR-106 cells (p<0.01 for both). Pre-treatment with 5-ALA significantly enhanced the SDT-mediated apoptosis (p<0.01) and morphological changes. Furthermore, ALA-SDT significantly reduced the levels of ΔψM, but increased levels of ROS in UMR-106 cells (p<0.05 or p<0.01 vs. the Control or the Ultrasound). Moreover, ALA-SDT inhibited the proliferation of osteosarcoma cells and BcL-2 expression, but increased levels of Bax, p53 and caspase 3 expression in the implanted osteosarcoma tissues (p<0.05 or p<0.01 vs. the Control or the Ultrasound). Conclusions The ALA-SDT significantly inhibited osteosarcoma growth in vivo and reduced UMR-106 cell survival by inducing osteosarcoma cell apoptosis through the ROS-related mitochondrial pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongning Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Laboratory of Photo- and Sono-theranostic Technologies and Condensed Matter Science and Technology Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Zheng Hu
- Laboratory of Photo- and Sono-theranostic Technologies and Condensed Matter Science and Technology Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Laboratory of Photo- and Sono-theranostic Technologies and Condensed Matter Science and Technology Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Qingsong Li
- Cardiovascular Institute, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Jinhua Zheng
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Wenwu Cao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
- Materials Research Institute, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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18
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Ren X, Wei X, Ma H, Zhou H, Guo J, Mao S, Hu A. Effects of a Dual-Frequency Frequency-Sweeping Ultrasound Treatment on the Properties and Structure of the Zein Protein. Cereal Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1094/cchem-03-14-0043-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Ren
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Physical Processing of Agricultural Products, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xun Wei
- China Rural Technology Development Center, Beijing 10045, China
| | - Haile Ma
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Physical Processing of Agricultural Products, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Huiji Zhou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Jingjing Guo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Shuyun Mao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - An Hu
- Jingjiang College, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
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Liu HL, Jan CK, Chu PC, Hong JC, Lee PY, Hsu JD, Lin CC, Huang CY, Chen PY, Wei KC. Design and experimental evaluation of a 256-channel dual-frequency ultrasound phased-array system for transcranial blood-brain barrier opening and brain drug delivery. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2014; 61:1350-60. [PMID: 24658258 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2014.2305723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Focused ultrasound (FUS) in the presence of microbubbles can bring about transcranial and local opening of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) for potential noninvasive delivery of drugs to the brain. A phased-array ultrasound system is essential for FUS-BBB opening to enable electronic steering and correction of the focal beam which is distorted by cranial bone. Here, we demonstrate our prototype design of a 256-channel ultrasound phased-array system for large-region transcranial BBB opening in the brains of large animals. One of the unique features of this system is the capability of generating concurrent dual-frequency ultrasound signals from the driving system for potential enhancement of BBB opening. A wide range of signal frequencies can be generated (frequency = 0.2-1.2 MHz) with controllable driving burst patterns. Precise output power can be controlled for individual channels via 8-bit duty-cycle control of transistor-transistor logic signals and the 8-bit microcontroller-controlled buck converter power supply output voltage. The prototype system was found to be in compliance with the electromagnetic compatibility standard. Moreover, large animal experiments confirmed the phase switching effectiveness of this system, and induction of either a precise spot or large region of BBB opening through fast focal-beam switching. We also demonstrated the capability of dual-frequency exposure to potentially enhance the BBB-opening effect. This study contributes to the design of ultrasound phased arrays for future clinical applications, and provides a new direction toward optimizing FUS brain drug delivery.
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20
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Dai S, Xu C, Tian Y, Cheng W, Li B. In vitro stimulation of calcium overload and apoptosis by sonodynamic therapy combined with hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether in C6 glioma cells. Oncol Lett 2014; 8:1675-1681. [PMID: 25202390 PMCID: PMC4156202 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated enhancement of apoptosis induction and the mechanisms underlying calcium overload on C6 glioma cells in vitro, stimulated by low-level ultrasound in combination with hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME). The optimum frequency of ultrasound was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. The apoptotic rate, reactive oxygen species concentration and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were analyzed by flow cytometry. Morphological changes were detected by a transmission electron microscope, and the concentration of intracellular Ca2+, [Ca2+]i, was detected by a confocal laser scanning microscope. In addition, the release of cytochrome c (cyt-c) was measured by western blot analysis. The results revealed that an increased apoptotic effect was induced by sonodynamic therapy (SDT), and this was found to correlate with the overloaded [Ca2+]i, derived from the intra- and extracellular sources in the early apoptotic process. The results also revealed an increased level of ROS production, a decreased MMP and an increased release of cyt-c. The present study indicated that low-level ultrasound in combination with HMME improved the apoptotic effect in C6 glioma cells. The overloaded [Ca2+]i was involved in the mechanism by which apoptosis was stimulated and enhanced by SDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaochun Dai
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Changqing Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Wen Cheng
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, P.R. China
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Hajnorouzi A, Afzalzadeh R, Ghanati F. Ultrasonic irradiation effects on electrochemical synthesis of ZnO nanostructures. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2014; 21:1435-1440. [PMID: 24524976 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2014.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2013] [Revised: 12/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In the present article, electrochemical synthesis of ZnO nanostructures in presence of ultrasonic irradiation is investigated. The ultrasonic bath use for synthesis is calibrated using hydrophone method so that its frequency and acoustic power were obtained. From the results of the experimentation the role of ultrasonic irradiation in synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles is discussed. Diameter of the ZnO nanoparticles produced in the electrolyte was compared and investigated in absence and presence of the ultrasonic irradiation utilizing UV-visible photo-spectrometer. Then electrodeposited ZnO layer on the ITO glass as cathode's surface in absence and presence of the ultrasonic irradiation were studied by UV-visible photo-spectrometer and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and the results were compared. FE-SEM micrographs show, higher growth of nanosheets on the cathode electrode in presence of ultrasonic irradiation. Experiment shows synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles in presence of the ultrasonic irradiation happen 10 times faster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abazar Hajnorouzi
- Department of Solid State Physics, Faculty of Physics, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, POB 15875-4416, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Afzalzadeh
- Department of Solid State Physics, Faculty of Physics, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, POB 15875-4416, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Faezeh Ghanati
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, POB 14115-154, Tehran, Iran
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Hasanzadeh H, Mokhtari-Dizaji M, Zahra Bathaie S, Hassan ZM, Shahbazfar AA. Dual-frequency ultrasound activation of nanomicellar doxorubicin in targeted tumor chemotherapy. J Med Ultrason (2001) 2014; 41:139-50. [PMID: 27277765 DOI: 10.1007/s10396-013-0484-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study investigated the therapeutic effect of dual-frequency sonication (3 MHz and 28 kHz) at low intensity levels in combination with micellar doxorubicin in the treatment of a tumor model of spontaneous breast adenocarcinoma in Balb/c mice. METHODS We used sonication frequencies 28 kHz and 3 MHz and their dual combinations in the progressive wave mode to enhance acoustic cavitation. Then, the antitumor effect of the simultaneous dual-frequency ultrasound (28 kHz and 3 MHz) at low intensity levels in combination with doxorubicin and micellar doxorubicin injection was investigated in a spontaneous model of breast adenocarcinoma in Balb/c mice. Sixty-three tumor-bearing mice were randomly divided into seven groups: control, sham, sonication with dual frequency, doxorubicin without sonication, doxorubicin with dual-frequency sonication, micellar doxorubicin without sonication, and micellar doxorubicin with dual-frequency sonication. The tumor volume change relative to the initial volume, tumor growth inhibition ratio, the required times for each tumor to reach two (T 2) and five (T 5) times its initial volume, and survival period were the tumor growth delay parameters which were calculated and recorded at various times after treatment. RESULTS The results of the combination of frequencies 28 kHz (0.04 W/cm(2)) and 3 MHz (2.00 W/cm(2)) showed remarkable enhancement of the cavitation activity compared with single-frequency sonication (P < 0.05). The micellar doxorubicin injection with sonication group showed a significant difference in the relative volume percent parameter compared with the other groups (P < 0.05). Additionally, the T 2 and T 5 times in the micellar doxorubicin with sonication group were significantly higher than in the other groups (P < 0.05). Also, the survival period of the mice in the micellar doxorubicin with sonication group was significantly longer than in the other groups (P < 0.05). These findings were verified histopathologically. CONCLUSION This study shows that simultaneous combined dual-frequency ultrasound sonication in continuous mode is effective in producing cavitation activity at low intensity. We conclude that dual-frequency sonication with micellar doxorubicin injection extends survival in a murine breast adenocarcinoma model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Hasanzadeh
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Medical Physics, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Manijhe Mokhtari-Dizaji
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - S Zahra Bathaie
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zuhair M Hassan
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Ali Shahbazfar
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran
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Lin KW, Duryea AP, Kim Y, Hall TL, Xu Z, Cain CA. Dual-beam histotripsy: a low-frequency pump enabling a high-frequency probe for precise lesion formation. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2014; 61:325-40. [PMID: 24474138 PMCID: PMC3971546 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2014.6722617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Histotripsy produces tissue fractionation through dense energetic bubble clouds generated by short, high-pressure, ultrasound pulses. When using pulses shorter than 2 cycles, the generation of these energetic bubble clouds only depends on where the peak negative pressure (P-) exceeds the intrinsic threshold of the medium (26 to 30 MPa in soft tissue with high water content). This paper investigates a strategic method for precise lesion generation in which a low-frequency pump pulse is applied to enable a sub-threshold high-frequency probe pulse to exceed the intrinsic threshold. This pump-probe method of controlling a supra-threshold volume can be called dual-beam histotripsy. A 20-element dual-frequency (500-kHz and 3-MHz elements confocally aligned) array transducer was used to generate dual-beam histotripsy pulses in red blood cell phantoms and porcine hepatic tissue specimens. The results showed that when sub-intrinsic-threshold pump (500-kHz) and probe (3-MHz) pulses were applied together, dense bubble clouds (and resulting lesions) were only generated when their peak negative pressures combined constructively to exceed the intrinsic threshold. The smallest reproducible lesion varied with the relative amplitude between the pump and probe pulses, and, with a higher proportion of the probe pulse, smaller lesions could be generated. When the propagation direction of the probe pulse relative to the pump pulse was altered, the shape of the produced lesion changed based on the region that exceeded intrinsic threshold. Because the low-frequency pump pulse is more immune to attenuation and aberrations, and the high-frequency probe pulse can provide precision in lesion formation, this dual-beam histotripsy approach would be very useful in situations in which precise lesion formation is required through a highly attenuative and aberrative medium, such as transcranial therapy. This is particularly true if a small low-attenuation acoustic window is available for the high-frequency probe transducer.
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Hasanzadeh H, Mokhtari-Dizaji M, Bathaie SZ, Hassan ZM. Effect of fractionation on treatment outcome in local dual-frequency sonication and Dox-encapsulated nanomicelles. J Med Ultrason (2001) 2013; 40:303-8. [PMID: 27277448 DOI: 10.1007/s10396-013-0438-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The goal of this study was to localize drug release from nanomicelles using dual-frequency sonication at low levels of acoustic intensity. METHODS In this study, the antitumor effect of simultaneous dual-frequency sonication (28 kHz and 3 MHz) at low levels of acoustic intensity in combination with doxorubicin and micellar doxorubicin injection was assessed in a spontaneous model of breast adenocarcinoma in female Balb/c mice. Sixty-three tumor-bearing mice were randomly grouped into control, sham, dual-frequency sonication, doxorubicin injection with and without dual-frequency sonication, and micellar doxorubicin injection with and without dual-frequency sonication groups. RESULTS The results of volume change relative to initial volume showed that in the micellar doxorubicin injection with sonication group, this parameter was significantly different from that of the control, sham, sonication, and doxorubicin injection groups (P < 0.05). In addition, the volume began to increase on the 15th day after the start of treatment, which is a good indication to repeat treatment; therefore, another group received an extra treatment on day 15. The animal life span in the micellar doxorubicin with sonication and repeated treatment groups was significantly higher than that in all the other experimental groups except for the micellar doxorubicin injection group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION It was concluded that dual-frequency sonication with micellar doxorubicin injection extends the life span relative to doxorubicin injection or dual-frequency sonication alone, and that repeating this treatment on day 15 decreases the rate of tumor growth significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Hasanzadeh
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
| | - Manijhe Mokhtari-Dizaji
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Zahra Bathaie
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zuhair M Hassan
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Ebrahiminia A, Mokhtari-Dizaji M, Toliyat T. Correlation between iodide dosimetry and terephthalic acid dosimetry to evaluate the reactive radical production due to the acoustic cavitation activity. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2013; 20:366-72. [PMID: 22766173 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2012.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2012] [Revised: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic cavitation plays an important role in sonochemical processes and the rate of sonochemical reaction is influenced by sonication parameters. There are several methods to evaluate cavitation activity such as chemical dosimetry. In this study, to comparison between iodide dosimetry and terephthalic acid dosimetry, efficacy of sonication parameters in reactive radical production has been considered by iodide and terephthalic acid dosimetries. For this purpose, efficacy of different exposure parameters on cavitations production by 1 MHz ultrasound has been studied. The absorbance of KI dosimeter was measured by spectrophotometer and the fluorescence of terephthalic acid dosimeter was measured using spectrofluorometer after sonication. The result of experiments related to sonication time and intensity showed that with increasing time of sonication or intensity, the absorbance is increased. It has been shown that the absorbance for continuous mode is remarkably higher than for pulsing mode (p-value < 0.05). Also results show that with increasing the duty cycles of pulsed field, the inertial cavitation activity is increased. With compensation of sonication time or intensity in different duty cycles, no significant absorbance difference were observed unless 20% duty cycle. A significant correlation between the absorbance and fluorescence intensities (count) at different intensity (R = 0.971), different sonication time (R = 0.999) and different duty cycle (R = 0.967) were observed (p-value < 0.05). It is concluded that the sonication parameters having important influences on reactive radical production. These results suggest that there is a correlation between iodide dosimetry and terephthalic acid dosimetry to examine the acoustic cavitation activity in ultrasound field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ebrahiminia
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Schoellhammer CM, Polat BE, Mendenhall J, Maa R, Jones B, Hart DP, Langer R, Blankschtein D. Rapid skin permeabilization by the simultaneous application of dual-frequency, high-intensity ultrasound. J Control Release 2012; 163:154-60. [PMID: 22940128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Low-frequency ultrasound has been studied extensively due to its ability to enhance skin permeability. In spite of this effort, improvements in enhancing the efficacy of transdermal ultrasound treatments have been limited. Currently, when greater skin permeability is desired at a given frequency, one is limited to increasing the intensity or the duration of the ultrasound treatment, which carries the risk of thermal side effects. Therefore, the ability to increase skin permeability without increasing ultrasound intensity or treatment time would represent a significant and desirable outcome. Here, we hypothesize that the simultaneous application of two distinct ultrasound frequencies, in the range of 20 kHz to 3 MHz, can enhance the efficacy of ultrasound exposure. Aluminum foil pitting experiments showed a significant increase in cavitational activity when two frequencies were applied instead of just one low frequency. Additionally, in vitro tests with porcine skin indicated that the permeability and resulting formation of localized transport regions are greatly enhanced when two frequencies (low and high) are used simultaneously. These results were corroborated with glucose (180 Da) and inulin (5000 Da) transdermal flux experiments, which showed greater permeant delivery both into and through the dual-frequency pre-treated skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl M Schoellhammer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Alamolhoda M, Mokhtari-Dizaji M, Barati AH, Hasanzadeh H. Comparing the in vivo sonodynamic effects of dual- and single-frequency ultrasound in breast adenocarcinoma. J Med Ultrason (2001) 2012; 39:115-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s10396-012-0348-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Rezaei A, Ghanati F, Behmanesh M, Mokhtari-Dizaji M. Ultrasound-potentiated salicylic acid-induced physiological effects and production of taxol in hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) cell culture. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2011; 37:1938-1947. [PMID: 21835541 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2011.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2010] [Revised: 06/12/2011] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Effects of ultrasound (US), salicylic acid (SA) and their combined use on the growth and secondary metabolite production of suspension-cultured Corylus avellana cells were investigated. The cultures were treated with US (40 kHz) for short periods of time (2, 3, 5 and 10 min) and SA (25 and 50 mg L(-1)). Results showed that although phenolic content of the cells was significantly increased under exposure to treatments, flavonoids content significantly decreased. Taxol biosynthesis was improved by all treatments. US exposure increased the extracellular, cell-associated and total taxol yield three-, 1.6-, and two-fold compared with that of the control, respectively. SA at all levels was more effective than US in stimulating cell-associated and total taxol production. Combined treatment of US and SA at 50 mg L(-1) resulted in the most improvement in total taxol production, which was about seven times higher than that of the US, three times higher than that of the SA and 14 times higher than that of the control. The results suggest a synergism between US and SA in enhancing taxol production by hazelnut cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayatollah Rezaei
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Tehran, Iran
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Hasanzadeh H, Mokhtari-Dizaji M, Bathaie SZ, Hassan ZM. Effect of local dual frequency sonication on drug distribution from polymeric nanomicelles. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2011; 18:1165-71. [PMID: 21489850 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2011.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Revised: 03/12/2011] [Accepted: 03/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
To overcome the side effects caused by systemic administration of doxorubicin, nanosized polymeric micelles were used in combination with dual frequency ultrasonic irradiation. These micelles release the drug due to acoustic cavitation, which is enhanced in dual frequency ultrasonic fields. To form the drug-loaded micelles, Pluronic P-105 copolymer was used, and doxorubicin was physically loaded into stabilized micelles with an average size of 14 nm. In this study, adult female Balb/C mice were transplanted with spontaneous breast adenocarcinoma tumors and were injected with a dose of 1.3 mg/kg doxorubicin in one of three forms: free doxorubicin, micellar doxorubicin without sonication and micellar doxorubicin with sonication. To increase cavitation yield, the tumor region was sonicated for 2.5 min at simultaneous frequencies of 3 MHz (I(SATA)=2 W/cm(2)) and 28 kHz (I(SATA)=0.04 W/cm(2)). The animals were sacrificed 24h after injection, and their tumor, heart, spleen, liver, kidneys and plasma were separated and homogenized. The drug content in the tissues was determined using tissue fluorimetry (350 nm excitation and 560 nm emission), and standard drug dose curves were obtained for each tissue. The results show that in the group that received micellar doxorubicin with sonication, the drug concentration in the tumor tissue was significantly higher than in the free doxorubicin injection group (8.69 times) and the micellar doxorubicin without sonication group (2.60 times). The drug concentration in other tissues was significantly lower in the micellar doxorubicin with sonication group relative to the free doxorubicin (3.35 times) and the micellar drug without sonication (2.48 times) groups (p<0.05). We conclude that dual frequency sonication improves drug release from micelles and increases the drug uptake by tumors due to sonoporation. The proposed drug delivery system creates an improved treatment capability while reducing systemic side effects caused by drug uptake in other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Hasanzadeh
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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