Sonochemical synthesis of a new nano-sized cerium(III) coordination polymer and its conversion to nanoceria

Two decades of ceria nanoparticle research: structure, properties and emerging applications

Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeNPs) are versatile materials with unique and unusual properties that vary depending on their surface chemistry, size, shape, coating, oxidation states, crystallinity, dopant, and structural and surface defects. This review encompasses advances made over the past twenty years in the development of CeNPs and ceria-based nanostructures, the structural determinants affecting their activity, and translation of these distinct features into applications. The two oxidation states of nanosized CeNPs (Ce3+/Ce4+) coexisting at the nanoscale level facilitate the formation of oxygen vacancies and defect states, which confer extremely high reactivity and oxygen buffering capacity and the ability to act as catalysts for oxidation and reduction reactions. However, the method of synthesis, surface functionalization, surface coating and defects are important factors in determining their properties. This review highlights key properties of CeNPs, their synthesis, interactions, and reaction pathways and provides examples of emerging applications. Due to their unique properties, CeNPs have become quintessential candidates for catalysis, chemical mechanical planarization (CMP), sensing, biomedical applications, and environmental remediation, with tremendous potential to create novel products and translational innovations in a wide range of industries. This review highlights the timely relevance and the transformative potential of these materials in addressing societal challenges and driving technological advancements across these fields.

Lead(II)-Azido Metal–Organic Coordination Polymers: Synthesis, Structure and Application in PbO Nanomaterials Preparation

The current study aims to explain recent developments in the synthesis of Pb(II)-azido metal-organic coordination polymers. Coordination polymers are defined as hybrid materials encompassing metal-ion-based, organic linkers, vertices, and ligands, serving to link the vertices to 1D, 2D, or 3D periodic configurations. The coordination polymers have many applications and potential properties in many research fields, primarily dependent on particular host–guest interactions. Metal coordination polymers (CPs) and complexes have fascinating structural topologies. Therefore, they have found numerous applications in different areas over the past two decades. Azido-bridged complexes are inorganic coordination ligands with higher fascination that have been the subject of intense research because of their coordination adaptability and magnetic diversity. Several sonochemical methods have been developed to synthesize nanostructures. Researchers have recently been interested in using ultrasound in organic chemistry synthetics, since ultrasonic waves in liquids accelerate chemical reactions in heterogeneous and homogeneous systems. The sonochemical synthesis of lead–azide coordination compounds resulted from very fantastic morphologies, and some of these compounds are used as precursors for preparing nano lead oxide. The ultrasonic sonochemistry approach has been extensively applied in different research fields, such as medical imaging, biological cell disruption, thermoplastic welding, food processing, and waste treatment. CPs serve as appropriate precursors for preparing favorable materials at the nanoscale. Using these polymers as precursors is beneficial for preparing inorganic nanomaterials such as metal oxides.

Nanostructured materials via green sonochemical routes - Sustainability aspects

The production of environmentally friendly nanostructured materials with well-defined properties is a major challenge. Characteristics of the nanomaterials such as dimensionality, size and morphology strongly affect their performance in various applications. Additionally, sustainability considerations require an acceptable level of efficiency while being economically feasible and environmentally benign. The use of ultrasonic irradiation (UI) is a green and powerful technology, which can be applied for the synthesis of a variety of nanostructured materials. This review critically discusses the progress made in the fabrication of environmentally benign engineered nanomaterials with various dimensionalities (i.e., zero, one, two, or three dimensions) assisted by UI. The evolution and current status in this area are further illustrated using a scientometric approach. Application of UI for the synthesis of nanostructured materials has been also assessed according to the main sustainability pillars including the performance and environmental compatibility, as well as the relevant economic and social considerations. The outlook as well as recommendations for future research has been also provided and discussed towards the promotion of sustainable nanomaterials synthesis and application in various fields.

Dual-emitting barium based metal-organic nanosheets as a potential sensor for temperature and anthrax biomarkers

The development of novel 2D materials, due to the promising applications they have enabled through their unique properties, has attracted increasingly more research interest. In this regard, novel dual-emitting coordination polymer nanosheets were developed by doping Eu³⁺ and Tb³⁺ ions into the nanostructures of the [Ba(DPA)₂(H₂O)₂] _n (DPA = dipicolinic acid) coordination polymer (BCP). Single crystal x-ray crystallography revealed that BCP is a 1D coordination polymer and its three-dimensional supramolecular architecture is constructed with a relatively strong hydrogen bonding in the ac crystallographic plane and weak non-covalent interactions along the b axis. Using energetic ultrasound irradiations, synthesis of nanoscale BCP along with the unzipping of the weak interactions between the ac layers was accomplished. The resulting BCP nanosheets was used as the host lattice and was doped with Eu³⁺ and Tb³⁺ ions. Remarkably, the sensing ability of both Eu³⁺ and Tb³⁺ doped coordination polymer (Ln@BCP) nanosheets towards temperature and the DPA anthrax biomarker were investigate. The high relative sensitivity value of 2.42% K^-1 and their reusability, makes Ln@BCP nanosheets an ideal candidate for the nanothermometry. They also exhibited high selective detection characteristics towards the DPA anthrax biomarker with a 0.03 nM detection limit. Therefore, Ln@BCP nanosheets can also be considered as an efficient multi-responsive optical sensor.

Biomedical applications of nanoceria: new roles for an old player

The use of different biomaterials with the ability to accelerate the repair and regeneration processes is of great importance in tissue engineering strategies. On this point, cerium oxide nanoparticles (CNPs or nanoceria) have recently attracted much attention due to their excellent biological properties including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammation and antibacterial activities as well as high angiogenic potential. The results of incorporation of these nano-sized particles into various constructs and scaffolds designed for tissue engineering applications have proven the success of this strategy in terms of improving healing process of different tissues. In this review, we first summarize the physicochemical and biological properties of nanoceria in brief and then present its usability in tissue engineering strategies based on the currently available published reports.

A new analytical device incorporating a nitrogen doped lanthanum metal oxide with reduced graphene oxide sheets for paracetamol sensing

The novel N-CeO₂ nanoparticles decorated on reduced graphene oxide (N-CeO₂@rGO) composite has been synthesized by sonochemical method. The characterization of as prepared nanocomposite was intensely performed by UV-Vis, FT-IR, EDX, FE-SEM, HR-TEM, XRD, and TGA analysis. The synthesized nanomaterial was further investigated for its selective and sensitive sensing of paracetamol (PM) based on a N-CeO₂@rGO modified glassy carbon electrode. A distinct and improved reversible redox peak of PM is obtained at N-CeO₂@rGO nanocomposite compared to the electrodes modified with N-CeO₂ and rGO. It displays a very good performance with a wide linear range of 0.05-0.600 μM, a very low detection limit of 0.0098 μM (S/N = 3), a high sensitivity of 268 μA µM^-1 cm^-2 and short response time (<3 s). Also, the fabricated sensor shows a good sensibleness for the detection of PM in various tablet samples.

Ultrasonic-assisted synthesis and the structural characterization of novel the zig-zag Cd(II) metal-organic polymer and their nanostructures

A sonochemical method was used to synthesize nano-rods of a novel cadmium(II) metal-organic coordination polymer, [Cd(p-2yeinh)(NO₂)]_n (1) (p-2yeinh = pyridin-2-yl ethylidene-isonicotinohydrazide). The effect of the synthesis parameters such as time, concentrations and irradiation power has been studied and optimized. It was shown that the thickness of rods has changed from 27 nm to 45 nm. The compounds were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction (XPRD), and single crystal X-ray analysis. The X-ray structure analysis revealed that the Cd(II) atom is coordinated by one oxygen and three nitrogen atoms from two p-2yeinh ligands and two oxygen atoms of single nitrite anion with a CuN₃O₃ donor set with distorted octahedral geometry. The crystal taking the form of a one-dimensional zig-zag polymer. The adjacent chains connected by π-π of adjacent aromatic rings of p-2yeinh and other weak interactions. Consequently, the weak interactions also allow the 1D zig-zag structure to form a 3D metal-organic coordination polymer. CdO nanoparticles were prepared by thermolysis of compound 1 at 180 °C with oleic acid as a surfactant. The average diameter of the nanoparticles was estimated by XPRD to be 23 nm. The morphology and size of the prepared CdO nanoparticles were further studied using SEM.

Sonochemical synthesis and structural determination of novel the nano-card house Cu(II) metal-organic coordination system

A sonochemical method by using various time and concentrations of initial reagents and power of irradiation, was used to synthesize nano-card house of a new copper(II) metal-organic coordination system, {[Cu₂(p-2yeinh)₂Cl₂]·(H₂O)}_n (1), where p-2yeinh=pyridin-2-yl ethylidene-isonicotinohydrazide. The compound was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction (XPRD), and single crystal X-ray analysis. The X-ray structure revealed that the Cu(II) atom is coordinated by one oxygen and three nitrogen atoms from two p-2yeinh ligands and one chloride anion with a CuN₃OCl donor set with square pyramid geometry. This arrangement produces a large quadric nuclear square ring composed of four square pyramid Cu(II) moieties linked together by two p-2yeinh units (M4L4). The adjacent frameworks connected by strong hydrogen bonding interactions of methanol molecules that interact together and with the rings and π-π interactions of adjacent aromatic rings of p-2yeinh and other weak interactions. Consequently, the labile interactions also allow the discrete structure to form a 3D metal-organic coordination network. CuO nanoparticles were obtained by thermolysis of 1 at 180°C with oleic acid as a surfactant. The average diameter of the nanoparticles was estimated by XPRD to be 38nm. The morphology and size of the prepared CuO nanoparticles were further studied using SEM.

Sonochemical synthesis of a new nano-sized cerium(III) supramolecular compound; Precursor for nanoceria

Using a sonochemical method, nanoparticles of a new Ce(III) supramolecular compound, (NAMH(+))2[Ce4(pydc)6(pydcH)2(H2O)8]·8H2O (1), (H2pydc=2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid, NAM=nicotinamide), have been synthesized. Compound 1 was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), FT-IR spectroscopy and elemental analyses, and its structure was determined by X-ray crystallography. It has been revealed that its structure consists of tetra-nuclear building units that extend to a 3D supramolecular network via non-covalent interactions mainly hydrogen bonding. The thermal stability of complex 1 both for its crystals and nanostructures has been studied by the thermal gravimetric (TG) method and compared with each other. The role of ultrasound irradiation power and the concentration of initial reactants on the size and morphology of the nano-structured complex 1, has been investigated. Ceria nanoparticles were obtained upon the calcination of complex 1 at 800°C under atmospheric air. Furthermore, the fluorescent properties of complex 1 at room temperature were studied.