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Dang J, Li M, Fang W, Wu Y, Xin S, Cao Y, Zhao H. Amorphous amEu-NH 2BDC and amTb-NH 2BDC as ratio fluorescence probes for smartphone-integrated naked eye detection of bacillus anthracis biomarker. Talanta 2024; 267:125164. [PMID: 37734290 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
The abnormal concentration of anthrax spore biomarker 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid (2,6-DPA) will seriously affect public health. Therefore, a sensitive and rapid assay for 2,6-DPA monitoring is of vital importance. In this work, novel nano-sized amorphous Eu-NH2BDC (amEu-NH2BDC) and amorphous Tb-NH2BDC (amTb-NH2BDC) metal organic frameworks are prepared by adjusting the ratio of metal and ligand, respectively. Both of them exhibit highly sensitive and selective ratiometric fluorescence detection for 2,6-DPA with wider linear range and lower detection limit in aqueous solutions and human serum. Attributed to the coordination effect of 2,6-DPA in triggering the characteristic fluorescence emissions of Eu3+or Tb3+ by replacing coordinated solvent molecules, as evidenced by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, the fluorescence lifetimes analysis, thermal gravimetric analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, density functional theory (DFT) simulations and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. In addition, the amEu-NH2BDC or amTb-NH2BDC loaded paper-based microsensors are constructed for real-time and sensitive detection of 2,6-DPA and coupled with a smartphone-assisted visual portable device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Dang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A YuQuan Road, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Min Li
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A YuQuan Road, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Wenhui Fang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A YuQuan Road, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Ying Wu
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A YuQuan Road, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Shixian Xin
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A YuQuan Road, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Yutao Cao
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A YuQuan Road, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Hong Zhao
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A YuQuan Road, Beijing, 100049, PR China; Binzhou Institute of Technology, Weiqiao-UCAS Science and Technology Park, Binzhou, 256606, Shandong Province, PR China.
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Bi N, Zhang YH, Hu MH, Xu J, Song W, Gou J, Li YX, Jia L. Highly selective and multicolor ultrasensitive assay of dipicolinic acid: The integration of terbium(III) and gold nanocluster. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2023; 284:121777. [PMID: 36058171 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A novel multicolor fluorescent nano-probe based on the hybridization of Tb3+ ion with gold nanoclusters (Au NCs) was synthesized to monitor and on-site visual assay of 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid (DPA), a biomarker of bacterial spores. DPA can replace the water molecule in the center of Tb3+ and strongly coordinate with Tb3+ based on the analyte-triggered antenna effect. Simultaneously, the red fluorescence of Au NCs is not influenced after addition of DPA and can be used as steady inside fluorescence reference channel to measure background noise. On this basis, the multicolor fluorescence nano-probe based on Tb3+-doped Au NCs for fast analysis of DPA was fabricated. The linear range of this method is 0 to 12.5 μM and the limit of detection is 3.4 nM, which is well below the quantity of DPA concentration of 60 μM released by the spore transmission dose of anthrax infection. The proposed multicolor fluorescence nano-probe was successfully detecting DPA in actual sample with good sensitivity and specificity. In addition, the visual paper-based nano-probe is designed to detect DPA by using the color scanning application of smart phone. This developed platform possesses abroad application prospects with advantages of effective, convenient carrying, simple operation, good selectivity and repeatability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Bi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, PR China
| | - Yin-Hong Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, PR China
| | - Mei-Hua Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, PR China.
| | - Jun Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, PR China
| | - Wei Song
- Chongqing Jianfeng Chemical Co., Ltd., Chongqing 400000, PR China
| | - Jian Gou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, PR China
| | - Yong-Xin Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, PR China
| | - Lei Jia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, PR China.
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Wu J, Chen P, Chen J, Ye X, Cao S, Sun C, Jin Y, Zhang L, Du S. Integrated ratiometric fluorescence probe-based acoustofluidic platform for visual detection of anthrax biomarker. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 214:114538. [PMID: 35820251 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The sensitive detection of dipicolinic acid (DPA) as an excellent biomarker of Bacillus anthracis, especially through visual point-of-care testing, is significant for accurate and rapid diagnosis of anthrax to timely prevent anthrax disease or biological terrorist attack. Herein, an acoustofluidics-based colorimetric platform with the integrated ratiometric fluorescence probe (INT-probe) was fabricated, which improved the sensitivity of visual detection for DPA and overcame the poor reproducibility of the existing acoustofluidics-assisted colorimetric analysis. For the design of INT-probe, Eu3+-EDTA complex as sensing moiety was grafted onto the surface of blue organosilane-functionalized carbon dots (SiCDs)-doped SiO2 nanoparticles (NPs). Upon exposure to DPA, Eu3+ was sensitized by DPA to emit red luminescence, while the SiCDs as reference inside the SiO2 NPs still kept the blue fluorescence unchanged. Attributed to the acoustic radiation force-driven enrichment of the INT-probe, slight color changes caused by low concentration of DPA could be amplified and distinguished by naked-eyes/smartphone. With the increase of DPA concentration, obvious color variations of INT-probe/DPA aggregates from blue to pink could be observed, and the color information of the fluorescent aggregates was converted to red, green and blue values for quantitative analysis, whose lowest detectable concentration reached 100 nM that is about 2-3 orders of magnitude lower than the infectious dosage of Bacillus anthracis spores (60 μM). Importantly, benefiting from the great color signal enhancement by acoustofluidic sensing platform, the usage of Eu3+ reduced to as low as 0.273 μmol per gram of SiO2 NPs, providing a meaningful way to utilize lanthanide resource efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiafeng Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Panpan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Xiangxue Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Shurui Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Chuqiang Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Yang Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Liying Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China.
| | - Shuhu Du
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China.
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Halawa MI, Li BS, Xu G. Novel Synthesis of Thiolated Gold Nanoclusters Induced by Lanthanides for Ultrasensitive and Luminescent Detection of the Potential Anthrax Spores' Biomarker. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:32888-32897. [PMID: 32575980 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c10069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we reported a facile, one-pot, and "green" synthesis of glutathione-protected gold nanoclusters (GSH@AuNCs) initiated by samarium (Sm3+) lanthanides for the first time. Sm3+ lanthanides more efficiently induced the formation of GSH@AuNCs with significantly enhanced luminescence than other lanthanides or heavy metal ions (Cd2+, Pb2+) did. Using this strategy, a detection for Sm3+ was made with a linearity range of (10.0-100.0 μM) and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.5 μM. The Sm3+-based GSH@AuNCs were characterized by eco-friendliness, photostability, and low-cost synthesis with low biological toxicity and had great potential in the application for biosensing and bioimaging. They were successfully employed in the detection of dipicolinic acid (DPA), a well-reported biomarker for sensing potential infection by strongly hazardous anthrax spores. A good linear response was obtained for DPA detection ranging from 1.0 to 120.0 μM with a low LOD of 0.1 μM, which was much lower (600 times) than the infectious dosage of anthrax spores (6 × 10-5 M). The detection was due to the strong binding affinity and strong chelation capability of DPA to Sm3+ lanthanides, which caused the dissociation of the aggregates with an obvious decrease or even a turning-off effect of their luminescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ibrahim Halawa
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Bing Shi Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Guobao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui 230026, China
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Moghzi F, Soleimannejad J, Janczak J. Dual-emitting barium based metal-organic nanosheets as a potential sensor for temperature and anthrax biomarkers. Nanotechnology 2020; 31:245706. [PMID: 32126532 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab7c4b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The development of novel 2D materials, due to the promising applications they have enabled through their unique properties, has attracted increasingly more research interest. In this regard, novel dual-emitting coordination polymer nanosheets were developed by doping Eu3+ and Tb3+ ions into the nanostructures of the [Ba(DPA)2(H2O)2] n (DPA = dipicolinic acid) coordination polymer (BCP). Single crystal x-ray crystallography revealed that BCP is a 1D coordination polymer and its three-dimensional supramolecular architecture is constructed with a relatively strong hydrogen bonding in the ac crystallographic plane and weak non-covalent interactions along the b axis. Using energetic ultrasound irradiations, synthesis of nanoscale BCP along with the unzipping of the weak interactions between the ac layers was accomplished. The resulting BCP nanosheets was used as the host lattice and was doped with Eu3+ and Tb3+ ions. Remarkably, the sensing ability of both Eu3+ and Tb3+ doped coordination polymer (Ln@BCP) nanosheets towards temperature and the DPA anthrax biomarker were investigate. The high relative sensitivity value of 2.42% K-1 and their reusability, makes Ln@BCP nanosheets an ideal candidate for the nanothermometry. They also exhibited high selective detection characteristics towards the DPA anthrax biomarker with a 0.03 nM detection limit. Therefore, Ln@BCP nanosheets can also be considered as an efficient multi-responsive optical sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Moghzi
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, PO Box 14155-6455, Tehran, Iran
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Li X, Zhao J, Zhu Y, Wang B, Wei X, Shao Y, Ma Y, Jiang T. Colorimetric and ratiometric fluorescent response for anthrax bio-indicator: A combination of rare earth MOF and rhodamine-derived dye. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2020; 229:117999. [PMID: 31935655 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus anthracis spores have a unique biomarker of calcium dipicolinate (CaDPA). In this work, we reported a composite nanostructure for the optical sensing of DPA, with Eu (III)-doped metal-organic framework (MOF) as supporting lattice, a rhodamine-derived dye as sensing probe, respectively. By means of XRD, IR, TGA and photophysical analysis, this composite structure was carefully discussed. It was found that rhodamine absorption and emission were enhanced by DPA, while Eu emission was quenched by DPA. As a consequence, two sensing skills were observed from this composite structure, which are colorimetric sensing based on absorption spectra and ratiometric fluorescent sensing based on emission spectra. Linear sensing response was observed for both sensing channels with a warning signal at DPA concentration higher than 140 μM. Good selectivity was confirmed with a low LOD value of 0.52 μM. The sensing mechanism was revealed as the combination of emission turn-on effect triggered by DPA-released protons and emission turn-off effect originated from electron-transfer from EuBTC to DPA. This composite structure showed its advantage of naked eye detection and two sensing skills with linear response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Li
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, PR China.
| | - Jianying Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Yanyan Zhu
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, PR China
| | - Binglian Wang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250103, PR China
| | - Xiaofeng Wei
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Shao
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, PR China
| | - Yongshan Ma
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, PR China
| | - Tianyi Jiang
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, PR China
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Angilè F, Del Coco L, Girelli CR, Basso L, Rizzo L, Piraino S, Stabili L, Fanizzi FP. 1H NMR Metabolic Profile of Scyphomedusa Rhizostoma pulmo (Scyphozoa, Cnidaria) in Female Gonads and Somatic Tissues: Preliminary Results. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25040806. [PMID: 32069847 PMCID: PMC7070884 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean basin is one of the regions heavily affected by jellyfish bloom phenomena, mainly due to the presence of scyphozoans, such as Rhizostoma pulmo. The jellyfish have few natural predators, and their bodies represent an organic-rich substrate that can support rapid bacterial growth with great impact on the structure of marine food webs. In Asiatic countries, jellyfish are widely studied for their health benefits, but their nutritional and nutraceutical values still remain poorly characterized. In this study, the differences in the 1H NMR spectroscopy metabolic profiles of R. pulmo female gonads and body fractions (including umbrella and oral arms), in different sampling periods, were studied. For each body compartment both lipid and aqueous extracts were characterized and their 1H NMR metabolic profiles subjected to multivariate analysis. From a statistical analysis of the extracts, a higher contents of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), amino acid and osmolytes (homarine, betaine, taurine) with important roles in marine invertebrates were observed in female gonads, whereas umbrella and oral arms showed similar metabolic profiles. These results support a sustainable exploitation of the jellyfish for the extraction of bioactive compounds useful in nutraceutical, nutricosmetics, and functional food fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Angilè
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.A.); (L.D.C.); (C.R.G.); (L.B.); (S.P.); (L.S.)
| | - Laura Del Coco
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.A.); (L.D.C.); (C.R.G.); (L.B.); (S.P.); (L.S.)
| | - Chiara Roberta Girelli
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.A.); (L.D.C.); (C.R.G.); (L.B.); (S.P.); (L.S.)
| | - Lorena Basso
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.A.); (L.D.C.); (C.R.G.); (L.B.); (S.P.); (L.S.)
- CoNISMa, Piazzale Flaminio, 9, 00196 Roma, Italy;
| | - Lucia Rizzo
- CoNISMa, Piazzale Flaminio, 9, 00196 Roma, Italy;
- Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | - Stefano Piraino
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.A.); (L.D.C.); (C.R.G.); (L.B.); (S.P.); (L.S.)
- CoNISMa, Piazzale Flaminio, 9, 00196 Roma, Italy;
| | - Loredana Stabili
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.A.); (L.D.C.); (C.R.G.); (L.B.); (S.P.); (L.S.)
- Water Research Institute of the National Research Council, (IRSA-CNR), Via Roma 3, 74123 Taranto, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Fanizzi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.A.); (L.D.C.); (C.R.G.); (L.B.); (S.P.); (L.S.)
- CIRCMSB, Piazza Umberto I, 1, 70121 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0832-299265
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Xing K, Fan R, Gai S, Zheng X, Wang P, Yang Y. Europium-Functionalized Flexible Luminescent Zeolite-like Supramolecular Assembly for Ratiometric Anthrax Biomarker Determination. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:36081-36089. [PMID: 31508936 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b11650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Anthrax spores have been a determining risk to human beings and animals across the world. As such, the qualitative monitoring toward dipicolinic acid (DPA), the unique biomarker of bacillus anthracis, is highly desired and being moved forward in health management. Herein, a breathing zeolite-like supramolecular assembly (ZSA), with the sra topology and 1D hexagon channel, is designed by controlling the bridging angle of the ditopic ligand after systematic analysis in topology. The solvent-dependent dynamic behavior is illustrated by powder X-ray diffraction and reflected in tunable luminescent emission based on solvent polarity parameters. According to the structural result and theoretical analysis, Eu3+ is anchored within the framework to form a ratiometric luminescent sensor successfully because of the abundant potential active site. After DPA addition, the resulting composite shows a sensitive and selective response in the linear range of 0-7.0 μM stemmed from absorbance energy-transfer emission and preferential coordination. The work we presented here may enrich the sensing platforms containing lanthanides and expand the potential application of ZSAs in clinical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xing
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin , Heilongjiang 150001 , P. R. China
| | - Ruiqing Fan
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin , Heilongjiang 150001 , P. R. China
| | - Shuang Gai
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin , Heilongjiang 150001 , P. R. China
| | - Xubin Zheng
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin , Heilongjiang 150001 , P. R. China
| | - Ping Wang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin , Heilongjiang 150001 , P. R. China
| | - Yulin Yang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin , Heilongjiang 150001 , P. R. China
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Yang H, Lu F, Zhan X, Tian M, Yuan Z, Lu C. A Eu 3+-inspired fluorescent carbon nanodot probe for the sensitive visualization of anthrax biomarker by integrating EDTA chelation. Talanta 2019; 208:120368. [PMID: 31816769 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The rapid and sensitive visualization of 2,6-dipicolinic acid (DPA, a unique anthrax biomarker) is essential to prevent anthrax disease or biological terrorist attack. In this study, a Eu3+-labeled ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid loaded hyperbranched polyethyleneimine carbon nanodot (hPEI-CD-EDTA-Eu3+) nanoprobe has been proposed for the ratiometric DPA detection. The sensing mechanism is based on the rapid DPA-Eu3+ chelation within 30 s and subsequent enhanced fluorescence emission through the antenna effect. With the introduction of EDTA chelating unit, the resulted fluorescence of Eu3+-complex is greatly enhanced, which endows sensitive DPA perception. By employing hPEI-CD as the internal reference, ratiometric DPA sensing is realized with a good linearity in the concentration range from 1.0 to 100 nM, with a limit of detection of 190 pM (S/N = 3). The specific chelation affinity between Eu3+ and DPA provides satisfying selectivity over other amino acids and ions. Using nanoprobe-loaded polyvinylidene fluoride paper as the analytical device, point-of-care DPA visualization is achieved. Furthermore, the practical application of designed paper device is validated by the visual detection of metabolic DPA-release from Bacillus subtilis spores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Fengniu Lu
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, 305-8565, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Xingxiao Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Mingce Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhiqin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China; State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
| | - Chao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Cetinkaya Y, Yurt MNZ, Avni Oktem H, Yilmaz MD. A Monostyryl Boradiazaindacene (BODIPY)-based lanthanide-free colorimetric and fluorogenic probe for sequential sensing of copper (II) ions and dipicolinic acid as a biomarker of bacterial endospores. J Hazard Mater 2019; 377:299-304. [PMID: 31173979 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.05.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A new catechol-substituted monostyryl boradiazaindacene (BODIPY)-based lanthanide-free colorimetric and fluorogenic probe was developed for the sequential detection of Cu2+ ions and dipicolinic acid (DPA), a distinctive biomarker of bacterial endospores, with high sensitivity and selectivity. In the presence of Cu2+ ions, the blue solution of the probe changes to cyan and the fluorescence is quenched, however, the cyan color changes to blue immediately and the fluorescence is restored on contact with DPA, resulting from competitive binding of DPA that interact with Cu2+ ions. A practical application by using Geobacillus stearothermophilus spores was further studied and as low as 1.0 x 105 spores were detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yagmur Cetinkaya
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Konya Food and Agriculture University, 42080 Konya, Turkey
| | - Mediha Nur Zafer Yurt
- Research and Development Center for Diagnostic Kits (KIT-ARGEM), Konya Food and Agriculture University, 42080 Konya, Turkey; Institute of Science, Biotechnology Graduate Program, Konya Food and Agriculture University, Konya, 42080, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Avni Oktem
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey; Nanobiz R&D Ltd., Gallium Bld. No.18, METU Science Park, Ankara, Turkey
| | - M Deniz Yilmaz
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Konya Food and Agriculture University, 42080 Konya, Turkey; Research and Development Center for Diagnostic Kits (KIT-ARGEM), Konya Food and Agriculture University, 42080 Konya, Turkey; Institute of Science, Biotechnology Graduate Program, Konya Food and Agriculture University, Konya, 42080, Turkey.
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Luo Y, Zhang L, Zhang L, Yu B, Wang Y, Zhang W. Multiporous Terbium Phosphonate Coordination Polymer Microspheres as Fluorescent Probes for Trace Anthrax Biomarker Detection. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:15998-16005. [PMID: 30951283 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b01123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lanthanide coordination polymers have been recently regarded as attractive sensing materials because of their selectivity, high sensitivity, and rapid response ability. In this research, the multiporous terbium phosphonate coordination polymer microspheres (TbP-CPs) were prepared as a novel fluorescent probe, which showed a fluorescence turn-on response capability for the detection of the trace anthrax biomarker dipicolinate acid (DPA). The morphology and chemical composition of as-prepared TbP-CPs were characterized in detail. The TbP-CPs have the vegetable-flower-like structure and microporous surface. In addition, the as-prepared TbP-CPs not only possess the merits of convenience and simple preparation with high yield but also have the excellent characters as fluorescent probes, such as high stability, good selectivity, and rapid detection ability within 30 s. This proposed sensor could detect DPA with a linear relationship in concentrations ranging from 0 to 8.0 μM and a high detection sensitivity of 5.0 nM. Furthermore, the successful applications of DPA detection in urine and bovine serum were demonstrated. As a result, the recovery ranged from 93.93-101.6%, and the relative standard deviations (RSD) were less than 5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongquan Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Lingyi Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Bohao Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
| | - Yajie Wang
- Department of Pharmacy , Anhui Medical College , Hefei 230601 , China
| | - Weibing Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , China
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12
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Montes-Lora S, Rodríguez-Pulido FJ, Cejudo-Bastante MJ, Heredia FJ. Implications of the Red Beet Ripening on the Colour and Betalain Composition Relationships. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2018; 73:216-221. [PMID: 29978270 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-018-0678-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The evolution during ripening of Beta vulgaris (var. Pablo) on colour and betalain composition, not previously conducted in conjunction in red beets, has been examined. According to the results, it could be asserted that the ripening stage significantly (p < 0.05) influenced on all the studied parameters. On the basis of the betalain content, the optimum ripening stage corresponded to a medium weigh-to-calibre ratio, in the light of the significantly (p < 0.05) higher content of betalains, especially betanin and vulgaxanthin I. Moreover, colour attributes also differed during ripening, having the medium-ripened beetroots a significantly (p < 0.05) more reddish hue (hab) and lower lightness (L*), probably due to the higher content of betaxanthins in this stage. The colour differences among red beets in the stage II and the rest of stages were visually appreciable (ΔE*ab > 3) and mainly qualitative. A new range of opportunities for diversification of colorant market, from a nutritional and colorimetric point of view, could be possible by employing red beets with different stages of ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Montes-Lora
- Food Colour & Quality Lab., Área de Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Francisco J Rodríguez-Pulido
- Food Colour & Quality Lab., Área de Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - María Jesús Cejudo-Bastante
- Food Colour & Quality Lab., Área de Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Francisco J Heredia
- Food Colour & Quality Lab., Área de Nutrición y Bromatología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
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13
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Verma M, Kaur N, Singh N. Naphthalimide-Based DNA-Coupled Hybrid Assembly for Sensing Dipicolinic Acid: A Biomarker for Bacillus anthracis Spores. Langmuir 2018; 34:6591-6600. [PMID: 29787278 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We have designed and synthesized a novel, water-soluble naphthalimide-histidine receptor (1) with excellent fluorescent properties. Functioning of the synthesized receptor was performed through developing their DNA-receptor hybrid assembly (DRHA), which has shown significant changes in the emission profile upon interactions with dipicolinic acid (DPA), a biomarker for Bacillus anthracis spores. DRHA showed fluorescence enhancement upon binding with DPA with the characteristic of internal charge transfer. It is notable that this assembly exhibited a significant limit of detection (12 nM) toward DPA. The mechanism of sensing was fully defined using ethidium bromide (EtBr) interaction studies as well as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis, which describes the binding mode of DRHA with DPA. This assembly selectively interacts with DPA over other anions, common cellular cations, and aromatic acids in aqueous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Verma
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Ropar , Rupnagar , Punjab , India
| | - Navneet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry , Panjab University , Chandigarh 160014 , India
| | - Narinder Singh
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Ropar , Rupnagar , Punjab , India
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14
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Donmez M, Yilmaz MD, Kilbas B. Fluorescent detection of dipicolinic acid as a biomarker of bacterial spores using lanthanide-chelated gold nanoparticles. J Hazard Mater 2017; 324:593-598. [PMID: 27852519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) functionalized with ethylenediamine-lanthanide complexes (Eu-GNPs and Tb-GNPs) were used for the selective fluorescent detection of dipicolinic acid (DPA), a unique biomarker of bacterial spores, in water. Particles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and zeta potential measurements. The coordination of DPA to the lanthanides resulted in the enhancement of the fluorescence. A selective response to DPA was observed over the nonselective binding of aromatic ligands. The ligand displacement strategy were also employed for the ratiometric fluorescent detection of DPA. 4,4,4-trifluoro-1-(2-naphthyl)-1,3-butanedion (TFNB) was chosen as an antenna to synthesize ternary complexes. The addition of DPA on EuGNP:TFNB ternary complex quenched the initial emission of the complex at 615nm and increased the TFNB emission at 450nm when excited at 350nm. The results demonstrated that the ratiometric fluorescent detection of DPA was achieved by ligand displacement strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mert Donmez
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Art and Sciences, Duzce University, Duzce 81620, Turkey
| | - M Deniz Yilmaz
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Konya Food and Agriculture University, Konya 42080, Turkey.
| | - Benan Kilbas
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Art and Sciences, Duzce University, Duzce 81620, Turkey.
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15
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Yuzyuk T, Liu A, Thomas A, Wilson JE, De Biase I, Longo N, Pasquali M. A novel method for simultaneous quantification of alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde/piperideine-6-carboxylate and pipecolic acid in plasma and urine. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1017-1018:145-152. [PMID: 26970849 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Elevated levels of pipecolic acid (PA), α-aminoadipic semialdehyde (AASA) and its cyclic form Δ1-piperideine-6-carboxylate (P6C) are characteristic of pyridoxine dependent epilepsy (PDE), a rare disorder of inborn error of metabolism. Recent studies showed the effectiveness of dietary therapy in PDE patients and emphasized the importance of the assessment of these metabolites for monitoring treatment efficacy. The objective of this study was to develop a robust and sensitive method for simultaneous quantification of AASA-P6C and PA in plasma and urine. DESIGN AND METHODS Plasma and urine samples were derivatized with 3N HCl in n-butanol (v/v) and injected onto ACQUITY BEH-C18 column. A gradient of water/methanol containing 0.1% formic acid was used for the chromatographic separation of AASA, P6C and PA. The analytes' concentrations were calculated using their calibration curves and the sum of AASA and P6C (AASA-P6C) was calculated. To evaluate the clinical utility of this test, samples from unaffected controls and patients with confirmed PDE were analyzed. RESULTS The performance characteristics of the assay as well as sample stability and interferences were determined. The intra- and inter- assay CVs were ≤2.9% and ≤10.9% for AASA-P6C, and ≤3.3% and ≤12.6% for PA, respectively. Reference ranges for AASA-P6C and PA in plasma and urine were established. Comparison of values obtained from unaffected controls and PDE patients showed high clinical sensitivity and specificity of the assay. CONCLUSIONS This novel method for the simultaneous quantification of AASA-P6C and PA in plasma and urine can be used in a clinical laboratory setting for the diagnosis and monitoring of patients with PDE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Yuzyuk
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; ARUP Laboratories, ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Aiping Liu
- ARUP Laboratories, ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Amanda Thomas
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; ARUP Laboratories, ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - JoDell E Wilson
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; ARUP Laboratories, ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, Chantilly, Virginia, USA
| | - Irene De Biase
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; ARUP Laboratories, ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Nicola Longo
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; ARUP Laboratories, ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Marzia Pasquali
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; ARUP Laboratories, ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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16
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Zheng C, Huang Y, Xiao F, Lin X, Lloyd K. Effects of Supplemental Chromium Source and Concentration on Growth, Carcass Characteristics, and Serum Lipid Parameters of Broilers Reared Under Normal Conditions. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 169:352-8. [PMID: 26123165 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0419-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary chromium (Cr) source and concentration on growth performance, carcass traits, and some serum lipid parameters of broilers under normal rearing conditions for 42 days. A total of 252 1-day-old Cobb 500 commercial female broilers were randomly allotted by body weight (BW) to one of six replicate cages (six broilers per cage) for each of seven treatments in a completely randomized design involved in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments with three Cr sources (Cr propionate (CrPro), Cr picolinate (CrPic), Cr chloride (CrCl3)) and two concentrations of added Cr (0.4 and 2.0 mg of Cr/kg) plus a Cr-unsupplemented control diet. The results showed that dietary Cr supplementation tended to increase the breast muscle percentage compared with the Cr-unsupplemented control group (P = 0.0784), while Cr from CrPic tended to have higher breast muscle percentage compared with Cr from CrCl3 (P = 0.0881). Chromium from CrPic also tended to increase the breast intramuscular fat (IMF) compared with Cr from CrCl3 (P = 0.0648). In addition, supplementation of 0.4 mg/kg Cr tended to decrease low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (P = 0.0614). Compared with the control group, broilers fed Cr-supplemented diets had higher triglyceride (TG) (P = 0.0129) regardless of Cr source and Cr concentration. Chromium from CrPro and CrPic had lower total cholesterol (TC) compared with Cr from CrCl3 (P = 0.0220). These results indicate that dietary supplementation of Cr has effects on carcass characteristics and serum lipid parameters of broilers under normal rearing conditions, while supplementation of organic Cr can improve carcass characteristics and reduce the cholesterol content in serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cancai Zheng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu, 610041, Peoples' Republic of China
| | - Yanling Huang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu, 610041, Peoples' Republic of China.
| | - Fang Xiao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu, 610041, Peoples' Republic of China
| | - Xi Lin
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7621, USA
| | - Karen Lloyd
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7621, USA
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17
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Kugler F, Graneis S, Stintzing FC, Carle R. Studies on Betaxanthin Profiles of Vegetables and Fruits from the Chenopodiaceae and Cactaceae. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 62:311-8. [PMID: 17708433 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2007-5-601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The present study provides an update on the betaxanthin (bx) compositions of red and yellow beetroots, yellow-coloured Swiss chard petioles, and yellow-orange cactus pear. Applying RP-HPLC coupled with positive ion electrospray mass spectrometry and by comparison with UV-vis and mass spectrometric characteristics as well as retention times of semisynthesized reference compounds, 24 betaxanthins were identified in red and yellow beetroot hypocotyls. Twenty-five and thirteen betaxanthins were present in yellow Swiss chard petioles and the cactus pear cultivar ‘Gialla’, respectively. Ethanolamine-bx and threonine-bx were found to be novel betaxanthins in Chenopodiaceae representatives, which to the best of our knowledge have not been reported as genuine pigments so far. Furthermore, aspartic acidbx (miraxanthin II), lysine-bx, and methionine-bx, hitherto found in other families, were identified in the Chenopodiaceae for the first time. Additionally, tyrosine-bx (portulacaxanthin II) and tryptophan-bx have not been earlier reported to occur in the Cactaceae. These findings provide valuable phytochemical information and may be useful for a better understanding of the functional properties of betaxanthins in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Kugler
- Institute of Food Technology, Section Plant Foodstuff Technology, Hohenheim University, August-von-Hartmann-StraBe 3, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany
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18
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Seen A, Bizeau O, Sadler L, Jordan T, Nichols D. Assessment of Envi-Carb™ as a passive sampler binding phase for acid herbicides without pH adjustment. Chemosphere 2014; 103:306-12. [PMID: 24485816 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.11.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The graphitised carbon solid phase extraction (SPE) sorbent Envi-Carb has been used to fabricate glass fibre filter- Envi-Carb "sandwich" disks for use as a passive sampler for acid herbicides. Passive sampler uptake of a suite of herbicides, including the phenoxyacetic acid herbicides 4-chloro-o-tolyloxyacetic acid (MCPA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (Dicamba), was achieved without pH adjustment, demonstrating for the first time a suitable binding phase for passive sampling of acid herbicides at neutral pH. Passive sampling experiments with Duck River (Tasmania, Australia) water spiked at 0.5 μg L(-1) herbicide concentration over a 7 d deployment period showed that sampling rates in Duck River water decreased for seven out of eight herbicides, and in the cases of 3,6-dichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid (Clopyralid) and Dicamba no accumulation of the herbicides occurred in the Envi-Carb over the deployment period. Sampling rates for 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid (Picloram), 2,4-D and MCPA decreased to approximately 30% of the sampling rates in ultrapure water, whilst sampling rates for 2-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-ylcarbamoylsulfamoyl) benzoic acid, methyl ester (Sulfometuron-methyl) and 3,5,6-Trichloro-2-pyridinyloxyacetic acid (Triclopyr) were approximately 60% of the ultrapure water sampling rate. For methyl N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-(methoxyacetyl)-D-alaninate (Metalaxyl-M) there was little variation in sampling rate between passive sampling experiments in ultrapure water and Duck River water. SPE experiments undertaken with Envi-Carb disks using ultrapure water and filtered and unfiltered Duck River water showed that not only is adsorption onto particulate matter in Duck River water responsible for a reduction in herbicide sampling rate, but interactions of herbicides with dissolved or colloidal matter (matter able to pass through a 0.2 μm membrane filter) also reduces the herbicide sampling rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Seen
- School of Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Locked Bag 1371, Launceston, Tasmania 7250, Australia.
| | - Oceane Bizeau
- School of Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Locked Bag 1371, Launceston, Tasmania 7250, Australia
| | - Lachlan Sadler
- School of Chemistry, University of Tasmania, Locked Bag 1371, Launceston, Tasmania 7250, Australia
| | - Timothy Jordan
- Analytical Services Tasmania, Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment, 18 St John's Ave, Hobart, Tasmania 7008, Australia
| | - David Nichols
- Analytical Services Tasmania, Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment, 18 St John's Ave, Hobart, Tasmania 7008, Australia; Central Science Laboratory, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 74, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia
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Hailat I, Helleur RJ. Direct analysis of sterols by derivatization matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2014; 28:149-158. [PMID: 24338962 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Free sterols are neutral molecules that are difficult to analyze by MALDI or ESI and their molecular ions easily fragment. In order to increase their ionization efficiency and selectivity, sterols were derivatized by different reagents. METHODS Selected sterols were converted into their corresponding picolinyl esters, N-methylpyridyl ethers and sulphated esters. The derivatives were optimized for MALDI-TOFMS analysis through proper selection of the matrix. MALDI-TOF/TOF experiments were carried out to study the fragmentation pathways of the derivatives and their use in structural elucidation. Lipid extracts from mussels were used as test samples for MALDI analysis of sterols in biological samples also analyzed by GC/MS for comparison. RESULTS Sterol picolinyl esters were identified as sodiated adducts [M+Na](+) and the signal significantly enhanced after addition of sodium acetate (20 mM). Sterol N-methylpyridyl ethers were easily detected as [M](+) while sulphated sterols were best detected as [M-H](-). The ester bonds of picolinyl and sulphated esters easily cleaved in MS/MS resulting in diagnostic derivative fragments at m/z 146.03 and 96.89, respectively. Cleavage of the ether bond of N-methylpyridyl ethers gave a diagnostic fragment ion at m/z 110.04. Sterol profiles in mussels obtained by MALDI-TOFMS were in close agreement with those obtained by GC/MS. Two sterols (cholesterol and β-sitosterol) were selected for quantification as their sulphated and picolinyl esters. Calibration curves gave excellent correlation coefficients. CONCLUSIONS Suitable matrices for picolinyl esters are DHB and THAP, for N-methylpyridyl ethers THAP, and for sulphated esters p-nitroaniline and dithranol. Using cholesterol, the limits of detection (LODs) for sulphated esters were 0.2 µg/mL and for picolinyl esters, 1.5 µg/mL. N-Methylpyridyl ethers were found unsuitable for sterol quantitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iyad Hailat
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada, A1B 3X7
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20
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Gonçalves LCP, Da Silva SM, DeRose PC, Ando RA, Bastos EL. Beetroot-pigment-derived colorimetric sensor for detection of calcium dipicolinate in bacterial spores. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73701. [PMID: 24019934 PMCID: PMC3760816 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In this proof-of-concept study, we describe the use of the main red beet pigment betanin for the quantification of calcium dipicolinate in bacterial spores, including Bacillus anthracis. In the presence of europium(III) ions, betanin is converted to a water-soluble, non-luminescent orange 1∶1 complex with a stability constant of 1.4 × 10(5) L mol(-1). The addition of calcium dipicolinate, largely found in bacterial spores, changes the color of the aqueous solution of [Eu(Bn)(+)] from orange to magenta. The limit of detection (LOD) of calcium dipicolinate is around 2.0 × 10(-6) mol L(-1) and the LOD determined for both spores, B. cereus and B. anthracis, is (1.1 ± 0.3)× 10(6) spores mL(-1). This simple, green, fast and low cost colorimetric assay was selective for calcium dipicolinate when compared to several analogous compounds. The importance of this work relies on the potential use of betalains, raw natural pigments, as colorimetric sensors for biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandra Maria Da Silva
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, Chemical Science Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology. Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Paul C. DeRose
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, Chemical Science Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology. Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Rômulo Augusto Ando
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Erick Leite Bastos
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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21
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Wang X, Davis I, Liu A, Shamsi SA. Development of a CZE-ESI-MS assay with a sulfonated capillary for profiling picolinic acid and quinolinic acid formation in multienzyme system. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:1828-35. [PMID: 23576119 PMCID: PMC4153595 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 01/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This article describes the development of a reliable CZE-ESI-MS method to simultaneously separate and quantitate three specific metabolites (3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-HAA), quinolinic acid (QA), and picolinic acid (PA)) of the kynurenine pathway (KP) of tryptophan catabolism. Using a covalently bonded sulfonated capillary, the parameters such as pH, type of background electrolyte, type of organic solvent, nebulizer pressure as well as both negative and positive ESI-MS modes were optimized to achieve the best Rs and S/N of three KP metabolites. The developed CZE-ESI-MS assay provided high resolution of PA/QA, high specificity, a total analysis time of 10 min with satisfactory intraday and interday repeatability of migration time and peak areas. Under optimized CZE-ESI-MS conditions, the calibration curves over a concentration range of 19-300 μM for 3-HAA and QA, and 75-300 μM for PA were simultaneously generated. The method was successfully applied for the first time to profile the concentrations of initial substrate, 3-HAA, and its eventual products, PA and QA, formed in the complex multienzyme system. As the ratio of two enzymes, 3-hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-dioxygenase (HAO) and α-amino-β-carboxymuconate-ε-semialdehyde decarboxylase (ACMSD) decreases, the concentration of QA approaches essentially zero indicating that all ACMS formed by the action of HAO is consumed by ACMSD rather than its spontaneous decay to QA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, 50 Decatur Street, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Ian Davis
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, 50 Decatur Street, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Aimin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, 50 Decatur Street, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Shahab A. Shamsi
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, 50 Decatur Street, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
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Sajanlal PR, Pradeep T. Functional hybrid nickel nanostructures as recyclable SERS substrates: detection of explosives and biowarfare agents. Nanoscale 2012; 4:3427-37. [PMID: 22535435 DOI: 10.1039/c2nr30557g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We present the synthesis of highly anisotropic nickel nanowires (NWs) and large area, free-standing carpets extending over cm(2) area by simple solution phase chemistry. The materials can be post-synthetically manipulated to produce hybrid tubes, wires, and carpets by galvanic exchange reactions with Au(3+), Ag(+), Pt(2+), and Pd(2+). All of these structures, especially the hybrid carpets and tubes, have been prepared in bulk and are surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) active substrates. Molecules of relevance such as dipicolinic acid (constituting 5-15% of the dry weight of bacterial spores of Bacillus anthracis), dinitrotoluene, hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), and trinitrotoluene at nanomolar concentrations have been detected. An enhancement factor of ∼10(10) was observed for the Ni-Au nanocarpet. The reusability of the Ni-Au nanocarpet for SERS applications was tested 5 times without affecting the sensitivity. The reusability and sensitivity over large area have been demonstrated by Raman microscopy. Our method provides an easy and cost effective way to produce recyclable, large area, SERS active substrates with high sensitivity and reproducibility which can overcome the limitation of one-time use of traditional SERS substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Sajanlal
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
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Eker B, Yilmaz MD, Schlautmann S, Gardeniers JGE, Huskens J. A supramolecular sensing platform for phosphate anions and an anthrax biomarker in a microfluidic device. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:7335-51. [PMID: 22174602 PMCID: PMC3233408 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12117335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Revised: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A supramolecular platform based on self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) has been implemented in a microfluidic device. The system has been applied for the sensing of two different analyte types: biologically relevant phosphate anions and aromatic carboxylic acids, which are important for anthrax detection. A Eu(III)-EDTA complex was bound to β-cyclodextrin monolayers via orthogonal supramolecular host-guest interactions. The self-assembly of the Eu(III)-EDTA conjugate and naphthalene β-diketone as an antenna resulted in the formation of a highly luminescent lanthanide complex on the microchannel surface. Detection of different phosphate anions and aromatic carboxylic acids was demonstrated by monitoring the decrease in red emission following displacement of the antenna by the analyte. Among these analytes, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and pyrophosphate, as well as dipicolinic acid (DPA) which is a biomarker for anthrax, showed a strong response. Parallel fabrication of five sensing SAMs in a single multichannel chip was performed, as a first demonstration of phosphate and carboxylic acid screening in a multiplexed format that allows a general detection platform for both analyte systems in a single test run with μM and nM detection sensitivity for ATP and DPA, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilge Eker
- Mesoscale Chemical Systems, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands; E-Mails: (B.E.); (S.S.)
| | - Mahmut Deniz Yilmaz
- Molecular Nanofabrication Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands; E-Mail: (M.D.Y.)
| | - Stefan Schlautmann
- Mesoscale Chemical Systems, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands; E-Mails: (B.E.); (S.S.)
| | - Johannes G. E. Gardeniers
- Mesoscale Chemical Systems, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands; E-Mails: (B.E.); (S.S.)
| | - Jurriaan Huskens
- Molecular Nanofabrication Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands; E-Mail: (M.D.Y.)
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Smith CB, Anderson JE, Edwards JD, Kam KC. In situ surface-etched bacterial spore detection using dipicolinic acid-europium-silica nanoparticle bioreporters. Appl Spectrosc 2011; 65:866-875. [PMID: 21819776 DOI: 10.1366/10-06167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A basic approach was optimized for the synthesis of highly selective and sensitive in situ mesoporous (MCM) type imprinted silica polymers for the detection of dipicolinic acid (DPA) using europium as a reporter. DPA is a ubiquitous biochemical marker available during the germination event of endospore-forming bacteria such as Bacillus . Additionally, an MCM-MIP (molecularly imprinted polymeric phenomena) detector and a companion MCM-non-surface-MIP detector were synthesized using europium reporters for the sensing of DPA under optimized laboratory conditions. Our results showed that the in situ molecular imprinting process enabled rapid, selective detection of DPA with high sensitivity compared to MCM-MIP (imprinted for DPA; no DPA present), MCM-Non-MIP (no imprint present), and MCM-SR-MIP (imprinted with DPA present) detectors. The lower detection limit observed for DPA concentration is 5.49 × 10(-10) mol dm(-3) for MCM-MIP. The performance of the sensor in high-salt-water conditions, under photo-bleaching, and its reusability were also evaluated. The synthesized in situ MCM-MIP material should permit the detection of DPA for field assays related to suspect bacterial sporulation events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clint B Smith
- US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Alexandria, Virginia 22315, USA.
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25
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Zhao P, Wang L, Chen L, Pan C. Residue dynamics of clopyralid and picloram in rape plant rapeseed and field soil. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2011; 86:78-82. [PMID: 21184051 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-010-0184-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A new method for simultaneous analysis of clopyralid and picloram residues in rape plant, rapeseed and field soil was developed and validated. The residual dynamics and final residues of clopyralid and picloram in rape plant, rapeseed and soil were determined by high performance liquid chromtography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) and high performance liquid chromtography-mass spectroscopy detector (HPLC-MSD). The limit of quantification (LOQ) was established as 0.02 mg/kg for soil sample, 0.5 mg/kg for rape and rapeseed sample, respectively. It was shown that recoveries ranged from 71.3%-109.0% for clopyralid, and 84.0%-100.5% for picloram at fortified levels of 0.02-2 mg/kg. From residue trials at two geographical experimental plots in China and laboratory simulated pots, the results showed that the half-lives of clopyralid in rape and soil were 3.66-4.83 and 2.53-5.17 days, respectively, for picloram with half-lives of 5.17-10.73 and 3.45-7.11 days. For tirals applied according to the label recommended, at harvest time the final residues of clopyralid in rapeseed were below 1.82 mg/kg, while the picloram residues could not be detected in rapeseed (<LOQ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyue Zhao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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26
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Zhang P, Kong L, Setlow P, Li YQ. Multiple-trap laser tweezers Raman spectroscopy for simultaneous monitoring of the biological dynamics of multiple individual cells. Opt Lett 2010; 35:3321-3323. [PMID: 20967053 DOI: 10.1364/ol.35.003321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We report the development of a multiple-trap laser tweezers Raman spectroscopy (LTRS) array for simultaneously acquiring Raman spectra of individual cells in physiological environments. This LTRS-array technique was also combined with phase contrast and fluorescence microscopy, allowing measurement of Raman spectra, refractility, and fluorescence images of individual cells with a temporal resolution of ~5 s. As a demonstration, we used this technique to monitor multiple Bacillus cereus spores germinating in a nutrient medium for up to 90min and observed the kinetics of dipicolinic acid release and uptake of nucleic acid-binding stain molecules during spore germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zhang
- 1Department of Physics, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858-4353, USA
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Makoui A, Killinger DK. Fluorescence lifetime and intensity of terbium-doped dipicolinic acid in water, HCl, and sodium acetate buffer solutions. Appl Opt 2009; 48:B111-B118. [PMID: 19183568 DOI: 10.1364/ao.48.00b111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The lifetimes of the individual fluorescing lines from the terbium-doped dipicolinic acid (DPA) complex have been measured and reported, for the first time to our knowledge. These lifetimes have been measured as a function of terbium and dipicolinic acid concentration, solvent pH, and solvent composition for water, HCl, and sodium acetate buffer solutions. Fluorescence lifetimes over the range from 0.75 to 1.07 ms were measured. The maximum fluorescence was obtained for distilled water solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anali Makoui
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, PHY 114, Tampa, Florida 33620, USA
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Schaner A, Konecny J, Luckey L, Hickes H. Determination of chlorinated acid herbicides in vegetation and soil by liquid chromatography/electrospray-tandem mass spectrometry. J AOAC Int 2007; 90:1402-1410. [PMID: 17955986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The method presented uses reversed-phase liquid chromatography with negative electrospray ionization and tandem mass spectrometry to analyze 9 chlorinated acid herbicides in soil and vegetation matrixes: clopyralid, dicamba, MCPP, MCPA, 2,4-DP, 2,4-D, triclopyr, 2,4-DB, and picloram. A 20 g portion is extracted with a basic solution and an aliquot acidified and micropartitioned with 3 mL chloroform. Vegetation samples are subjected to an additional cleanup with a mixed-mode anion exchange solid-phase extraction cartridge. Two precursor product ion transitions per analyte are measured and evaluated to provide the maximum degree of confidence in results. Average recoveries for 3 different soil types tested ranged from 72 to 107% for all compounds with the exception of 2,4-DB at 56-99%. Average recoveries for the 3 different vegetation types studied were lower and ranged from 53 to 80% for all compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Schaner
- Montana Department of Agriculture, Montana State University, McCall Hall, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
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Abstract
AIMS To compare the properties of the spores of Bacillus subtilis prepared in liquid and on plates. METHODS AND RESULTS The spores of B. subtilis were prepared at 37 degrees C using a nutrient exhaustion medium either in liquid or on agar plates. The levels of core water, dipicolinic acid (DPA) and small, acid-soluble spore proteins (SASP) were essentially identical in spores made in liquid or on plates. Spores prepared in liquid were killed approximately threefold more rapidly at 90 degrees C in water than the spores prepared on plates, and the spores prepared in liquid were more sensitive to nitrous acid and a diluted stable superoxidized water. Spores prepared in liquid also germinated more rapidly with several agents than those prepared on plates. Pellets of spores prepared on plates were darker than spores prepared in liquid, and spores prepared in liquid had more readily extracted coat protein. However, there were no major differences in the relative levels of individual coat proteins or the cross-linking of the coat protein GerQ in the two types of spores, although the inner membrane of spores prepared on plates had a higher ratio of anteiso- to iso-fatty acids. CONCLUSIONS The preparation in liquid yielded spores with some different properties than those made on agar plates. Spores made in liquid had lower resistance to heat and several chemicals, and germinated more readily with several agents. There were also differences in the composition of the inner membrane of spores prepared under these two conditions. However, there were no major differences in the levels of DPA, core water, SASP and individual coat proteins or the cross-linking of a coat protein in spores made in liquid and on plates. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This work demonstrates that the preparation method can affect the resistance and germination properties of bacterial spores, even if an identical medium and temperature are used. Evidence was also obtained consistent with the role of the inner membrane in spore resistance and germination, and that some factor in addition to core water, DPA and SASP content plays a role in spore resistance to wet heat.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rose
- Department of Molecular, Microbial and Structural Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030-3305, USA
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Abstract
Endospores are heat-resistant bacterial resting stages that can remain viable for long periods of time and may thus accumulate in sediments as a function of sediment age. The number of spores in sediments has only rarely been quantified, because of methodological problems, and consequently little is known about the quantitative contribution of endospores to the total number of prokaryotic cells. We here report on a protocol to determine the number of endospores in sediments and cultures. The method is based on the fluorimetric determination of dipicolinic acid (DPA), a spore core-specific compound, after reaction with terbium chloride. The concentration of DPA in natural samples is converted into endospore numbers using endospore-forming pure cultures as standards. Quenching of the fluorescence by sediment constituents and background fluorescence due to humic substances hampered direct determination of DPA in sediments. To overcome those interferences, DPA was extracted using ethyl acetate prior to fluorimetric measurements of DPA concentrations. The first results indicated that endospore numbers obtained with this method are orders of magnitude higher than numbers obtained by cultivation after pasteurization. In one of the explored sediment cores, endospores accounted for 3% of all stainable prokaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Fichtel
- Institut für Chemie und Biologie des Meeres (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Strasse 9-11, Oldenburg, Germany
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Fichtel J, Köster J, Scholz-Böttcher B, Sass H, Rullkötter J. A highly sensitive HPLC method for determination of nanomolar concentrations of dipicolinic acid, a characteristic constituent of bacterial endospores. J Microbiol Methods 2007; 70:319-27. [PMID: 17573136 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2007.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2007] [Revised: 05/11/2007] [Accepted: 05/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A high-performance liquid chromatographic method with indirect fluorescence detection has been developed for quantification of dipicolinic acid, a major constituent of bacterial endospores. After separation on a reversed-phase column, a post-column reagent of sodium acetate at 1 mol l(-1) with 50 micromol l(-1) terbium chloride was added for complexation of dipicolinic acid. Terbium monodipicolinate complexes formed were quantified by measuring the fluorescence emission maximum at 548 nm after excitation with UV light at 270 nm wavelength. Parameters of post-column complexation were optimized to achieve a detection limit of 0.5 nmol DPA l(-1), corresponding to about 10(3) Desulfosporosinus orientis endospores per ml. The method was applied to the analysis of spore contamination in tuna and for estimating the endospore numbers in marine sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Fichtel
- Institut für Chemie und Biologie des Meeres, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, D-26129 Oldenburg, Germany.
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Huang SS, Chen D, Pelczar PL, Vepachedu VR, Setlow P, Li YQ. Levels of Ca2+-dipicolinic acid in individual bacillus spores determined using microfluidic Raman tweezers. J Bacteriol 2007; 189:4681-7. [PMID: 17468248 PMCID: PMC1913426 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00282-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (dipicolinic acid [DPA]) in a 1:1 chelate with calcium ion (Ca-DPA) comprises 5 to 15% of the dry weight of spores of Bacillus species. Ca-DPA is important in spore resistance to many environmental stresses and in spore stability, and Ca-DPA levels in spore populations can vary with spore species/strains, as well as with sporulation conditions. We have measured levels of Ca-DPA in large numbers of individual spores in populations of a variety of Bacillus species and strains by using microfluidic Raman tweezers, in which a single spore is trapped in a focused laser beam and its Ca-DPA is quantitated from the intensity of the Ca-DPA-specific band at 1,017 cm(-1) in Raman spectroscopy. Conclusions from these measurements include the following: (i) Ca-DPA concentrations in the spore core are >800 mM, well above Ca-DPA solubility; (ii) SpoVA proteins may be involved in Ca-DPA uptake in sporulation; and (iii) Ca-DPA levels differ significantly among individual spores in a population, but much of this variation could be due to variations in the sizes of individual spores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-shi Huang
- Department of Physics, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858-4353, USA
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Pestov D, Murawski RK, Ariunbold GO, Wang X, Zhi M, Sokolov AV, Sautenkov VA, Rostovtsev YV, Dogariu A, Huang Y, Scully MO. Optimizing the laser-pulse configuration for coherent Raman spectroscopy. Science 2007; 316:265-8. [PMID: 17431177 DOI: 10.1126/science.1139055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We introduce a hybrid technique that combines the robustness of frequency-resolved coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) with the advantages of time-resolved CARS spectroscopy. Instantaneous coherent broadband excitation of several characteristic molecular vibrations and the subsequent probing of these vibrations by an optimally shaped time-delayed narrowband laser pulse help to suppress the nonresonant background and to retrieve the species-specific signal. We used this technique for coherent Raman spectroscopy of sodium dipicolinate powder, which is similar to calcium dipicolinate (a marker molecule for bacterial endospores, such as Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus anthracis), and we demonstrated a rapid and highly specific detection scheme that works even in the presence of multiple scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Pestov
- Institute for Quantum Studies and Departments of Physics and Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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Srivastava A, Pitesky ME, Steele PT, Tobias HJ, Fergenson DP, Horn JM, Russell SC, Czerwieniec GA, Lebrilla CB, Gard EE, Frank M. Comprehensive assignment of mass spectral signatures from individual Bacillus atrophaeus spores in matrix-free laser desorption/ionization bioaerosol mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2007; 77:3315-23. [PMID: 15889924 DOI: 10.1021/ac048298p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have fully characterized the mass spectral signatures of individual Bacillus atrophaeus spores obtained using matrix-free laser desorption/ionization bioaerosol mass spectrometry (BAMS). Mass spectra of spores grown in unlabeled, 13C-labeled, and 15N-labeled growth media were used to determine the number of carbon and nitrogen atoms associated with each mass peak observed in mass spectra from positive and negative ions. To determine the parent ion structure associated with fragment ion peaks, the fragmentation patterns of several chemical standards were independently determined. Our results confirm prior assignments of dipicolinic acid, amino acids, and calcium complex ions made in the spore mass spectra. The identities of several previously unidentified mass peaks, key to the recognition of Bacillus spores by BAMS, have also been revealed. Specifically, a set of fragment peaks in the negative polarity is shown to be consistent with the fragmentation pattern of purine nucleobase-containing compounds. The identity of m/z = +74, a marker peak that helps discriminate B. atrophaeus from Bacillus thuringiensis spores grown in rich media is [N1C4H12]+. A probable precursor molecule for the [N1C4H12]+ ion observed in spore spectra is trimethylglycine (+N(CH3)3CH2COOH), which produces a m/z = +74 peak when ionized in the presence of dipicolinic acid. A clear assignment of all the mass peaks in the spectra from bacterial spores, as presented in this work, establishes their relationship to the spore chemical composition and facilitates the evaluation of the robustness of "marker" peaks. This is especially relevant for peaks that have been used to discriminate Bacillus spore species, B. thuringiensis and B. atrophaeus, in our previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abneesh Srivastava
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan L Cable
- Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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Abstract
Using semiclassical electron-radiation-ion dynamics, the authors have examined the effect of nuclear motion, resulting from both finite temperature and the response to a radiation field, on the line broadening of the excitation profile of 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid (dipicolinic acid). With nuclei fixed, there is a relatively small broadening associated with the finite time duration of an applied laser pulse. When the nuclei are allowed to move, the excitation spectrum exhibits a much larger broadening, and is also reduced in height and shifted toward lower frequencies. In both cases, the excitation is due to well-defined pi to pi* transitions. The further inclusion of thermal motion at room temperature broadens the linewidth considerably because of variations in the molecular geometry: Transitions that had zero or negligible transition probabilities in the ground state geometry are weakly excited at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Sauer
- Department of Physics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
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Kugler F, Stintzing FC, Carle R. Characterisation of betalain patterns of differently coloured inflorescences from Gomphrena globosa L. and Bougainvillea sp. by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn. Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 387:637-48. [PMID: 17139486 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-0897-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2006] [Revised: 09/28/2006] [Accepted: 10/02/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the betaxanthin (bx) and betacyanin patterns of differently coloured inflorescences from Gomphrena globosa L. and Bougainvillea sp. have been investigated in detail by applying reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) coupled with positive ion electrospray mass spectrometry. Histidine-bx was found to be the predominant betaxanthin of Gomphrena globosa inflorescences. Furthermore, arginine-bx was detected as a novel betaxanthin, which to the best of our knowledge has not been reported as a pigment that occurs naturally so far. Dopa-bx was the major betaxanthin of Bougainvillea sp., although several minor betaxanthins were also present, including lysine-bx and putrescine-bx, novel betaxanthins hitherto not observed naturally. Remarkable differences in the betacyanin patterns between the purple, red and orange varieties were observed for both Gomphrena and Bougainvillea inflorescences. Hence, both the betacyanin profiles and the relative betaxanthin:betacyanin ratios determine the broad colour palette of Gomphrena petals and Bougainvillea bracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Kugler
- Institute of Food Technology, Section Plant Foodstuff Technology, Hohenheim University, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
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Evanoff DD, Heckel J, Caldwell TP, Christensen KA, Chumanov G. Monitoring DPA Release from a Single Germinating Bacillus subtilis Endospore via Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Microscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:12618-9. [PMID: 17002334 DOI: 10.1021/ja0642717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A method for monitoring DPA release from a single germinating Bacillus subtilis endospore is reported. High S/N ratio SERS spectra were obtained with excitation power 3 mW at 647.1 nm and 1 min spectral collection times. The method is proof-of-principle for the SERS detection limit at the single spore level. This represents a 100- to 1000-fold improvement over previously reported detection limits for SERS-based measurements of DPA in endospores.
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Affiliation(s)
- David D Evanoff
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
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Loshon CA, Wahome PG, Maciejewski MW, Setlow P. Levels of glycine betaine in growing cells and spores of Bacillus species and lack of effect of glycine betaine on dormant spore resistance. J Bacteriol 2006; 188:3153-8. [PMID: 16585779 PMCID: PMC1447009 DOI: 10.1128/jb.188.8.3153-3158.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria of various Bacillus species are able to grow in media with very high osmotic strength in part due to the accumulation of low-molecular-weight osmolytes such as glycine betaine (GB). Cells of Bacillus species grown in rich and minimal media contained low levels of GB, but GB levels were 4- to 60-fold higher in cells grown in media with high salt. GB levels in Bacillus subtilis cells grown in minimal medium were increased approximately 7-fold by GB in the medium and 60-fold by GB plus high salt. GB was present in spores of Bacillus species prepared in media with or without high salt but at lower levels than in comparable growing cells. With spores prepared in media with high salt, GB levels were highest in B. subtilis spores and > or =20-fold lower in B. cereus and B. megaterium spores. Although GB levels in B. subtilis spores were elevated 15- to 30-fold by GB plus high salt in sporulation media, GB levels did not affect spore resistance. GB levels were similar in wild-type B. subtilis spores and spores that lacked major small, acid-soluble spore proteins but were much lower in spores that lacked dipicolinic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles A Loshon
- Department of Molecular, Microbial and Structural Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030-3305, USA
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Alimova A, Katz A, Gottlieb P, Alfano RR. Proteins and dipicolinic acid released during heat shock activation of Bacillus subtilis spores probed by optical spectroscopy. Appl Opt 2006; 45:445-50. [PMID: 16463727 DOI: 10.1364/ao.45.000445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
UV fluorescence and absorption spectroscopy from Bacillus subtilis spores detected proteins and dipicolinic acid (DPA) released into the supernatant after heat treatments ranging from 20 degrees to 90 degrees C. The protein and DPA concentration in the supernatant was greater with higher heat treatment temperatures, undergoing a substantial increase for T > or = 60 degrees C, and supporting the theory that spores undergo a phase transition from a glassylike to a rubberylike state at 56 degrees C. Gel electrophoresis detected several small proteins with molecular weights between 6 and 11 kDa. These proteins may be small acid-soluble spore proteins that are present in spores but break down during germination. A 30 kDa protein extracted above 60 degrees C is related to the rubber-glass phase transition.
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Flint JF, Drzymalski D, Montgomery WL, Southam G, Angert ER. Nocturnal production of endospores in natural populations of epulopiscium-like surgeonfish symbionts. J Bacteriol 2005; 187:7460-70. [PMID: 16237029 PMCID: PMC1272977 DOI: 10.1128/jb.187.21.7460-7470.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior studies have described a morphologically diverse group of intestinal microorganisms associated with surgeonfish. Despite their diversity of form, 16S rRNA gene surveys and fluorescent in situ hybridizations indicate that these bacteria are low-G+C gram-positive bacteria related to Epulopiscium spp. Many of these bacteria exhibit an unusual mode of reproduction, developing multiple offspring intracellularly. Previous reports have suggested that some Epulopiscium-like symbionts produce dormant or phase-bright intracellular offspring. Close relatives of Epulopiscium, such as Metabacterium polyspora and Clostridium lentocellum, are endospore-forming bacteria, which raises the possibility that the phase-bright offspring are endospores. Structural evidence and the presence of dipicolinic acid demonstrate that phase-bright offspring of Epulopiscium-like bacteria are true endospores. In addition, endospores are formed as part of the normal daily life cycle of these bacteria. In the populations studied, mature endospores were seen only at night and the majority of cells in a given population produced one or two endospores per mother cell. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed the close relationship between the endospore-forming surgeonfish symbionts characterized here and previously described Epulopiscium spp. The broad distribution of endospore formation among the Epulopiscium phylogenetic group raises the possibility that sporulation is a characteristic of the group. We speculate that spore formation in Epulopiscium-like symbionts may be important for dispersal and may also enhance survival in the changing conditions of the fish intestinal tract.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Circadian Rhythm
- DNA, Bacterial/chemistry
- DNA, Bacterial/genetics
- DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry
- DNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- Gram-Positive Endospore-Forming Bacteria/cytology
- Gram-Positive Endospore-Forming Bacteria/growth & development
- Gram-Positive Endospore-Forming Bacteria/physiology
- Microscopy
- Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Morphogenesis
- Perciformes/microbiology
- Phylogeny
- Picolinic Acids/analysis
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
- Spores, Bacterial/chemistry
- Spores, Bacterial/cytology
- Spores, Bacterial/ultrastructure
- Symbiosis
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph F Flint
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Wing Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Koczoń P, Piekut J, Borawska M, Swisłocka R, Lewandowski W. Vibrational and microbiological study on alkaline metal picolinates and o-iodobenzoates. Anal Bioanal Chem 2005; 384:302-8. [PMID: 16328244 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-005-0158-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2005] [Revised: 10/04/2005] [Accepted: 10/04/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
FT-IR and Raman experimental data were assigned to appropriate bond vibrations and used to compare the different electronic charge distributions in the aromatic rings and carboxylic anions of various lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium and caesium o-iodobenzoates and picolinates. Then principal component analysis (PCA) was applied in order to attempt to distinguish the biological activities of these compounds according to selected band wavenumbers. The growth of the bacteria Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis and the yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Hansenula anomala under optimal growth conditions were measured after 24 hours of incubation by the classical plate method. The influence of the picolinates and o-iodobenzoates on the growth of these microorganisms, again after 24 hours of incubation, was also measured and compared to the effect of sodium benzoate, which was used as a reference material. In general, the o-iodobenzoates exhibited more activity against the microorganisms than the picolinates. A statistically significant linear correlation between the spectral data and the degree of influence of a given compound on microorganism growth was established. The correlation coefficients for the o-iodobenzoates were 0.696, -0.628, 0.693 and 0.755 for E. coli, B. subtilis, H. anomala and S. cerevisiae, respectively, and for the picolinates they were 0.818, 0.826, 0.821 and 0.877 for E. coli, B. subtilis, H. anomala and S. cerevisiae, respectively. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is shown to be a rapid and reliable analytical tool for preliminary estimation of the antimicrobial properties of newly synthesized compounds, that can be applied before microbial performance tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Koczoń
- Department of Chemistry, Warsaw Agricultural University, ul. Nowoursynowska 161C, 02-728, Warsaw, Poland.
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43
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Pestov D, Zhi M, Sariyanni ZE, Kalugin NG, Kolomenskii AA, Murawski R, Paulus GG, Sautenkov VA, Schuessler H, Sokolov AV, Welch GR, Rostovtsev YV, Siebert T, Akimov DA, Graefe S, Kiefer W, Scully MO. Visible and UV coherent Raman spectroscopy of dipicolinic acid. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005; 102:14976-81. [PMID: 16217021 PMCID: PMC1257716 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0506529102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We use time-resolved coherent Raman spectroscopy to obtain molecule-specific signals from dipicolinic acid (DPA), which is a marker molecule for bacterial spores. We use femtosecond laser pulses in both visible and UV spectral regions and compare experimental results with theoretical predictions. By exciting vibrational coherence on more than one mode simultaneously, we observe a quantum beat signal that can be used to extract the parameters of molecular motion in DPA. The signal is enhanced when an UV probe pulse is used, because its frequency is near-resonant to the first excited electronic state of the molecule. The capability for unambiguous identification of DPA molecules will lead to a technique for real-time detection of spores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Pestov
- Institute for Quantum Studies, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4242, USA
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44
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Abstract
The way flowers appear to insects is crucial for pollination. Here we describe an internal light-filtering effect in the flowers of Mirabilis jalapa, in which the visible fluorescence emitted by one pigment, a yellow betaxanthin, is absorbed by another, a violet betacyanin, to create a contrasting fluorescent pattern on the flower's petals. This finding opens up new possibilities for pollinator perception as fluorescence has not previously been considered as a potential signal in flowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Gandía-Herrero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular A, Unidad Docente de Biología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
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45
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Perkins DL, Lovell CR, Bronk BV, Setlow B, Setlow P, Myrick ML. Fourier transform infrared reflectance microspectroscopy study of Bacillus subtilis engineered without dipicolinic acid: the contribution of calcium dipicolinate to the mid-infrared absorbance of Bacillus subtilis endospores. Appl Spectrosc 2005; 59:893-6. [PMID: 16053560 DOI: 10.1366/0003702054411742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Mid-infrared spectra of spores of two strains of Bacillus subtilis, PS832 (wild-type) and FB122 (sleB spoVF), that are isogenic except for the two mutations in FB122 were obtained by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) reflectance microspectroscopy. The mutations in FB122 cause the spores of this strain to be devoid of dipicolinic acid (pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid; DPA), a biomarker characteristic of bacterial spores. Analysis of these two strains by difference spectroscopy revealed a spectrum similar to that of calcium dipicolinate (CaDPA), a chelate salt of DPA. This difference spectrum was compared to mid-infrared spectra of both DPA and CaDPA, and was attributed to CaDPA only. This is the first report known to the authors of a genetically engineered organism being used to identify the spectral contribution of a particular cellular component.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Perkins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter St. Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
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46
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Abstract
A rapid detection protocol suitable for use by first-responders to detect anthrax spores using a low-cost, battery-powered, portable Raman spectrometer has been developed. Bacillus subtilis spores, harmless simulants for Bacillus anthracis, were studied using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) on silver film over nanosphere (AgFON) substrates. Calcium dipicolinate (CaDPA), a biomarker for bacillus spores, was efficiently extracted by sonication in nitric acid and rapidly detected by SERS. AgFON surfaces optimized for 750 nm laser excitation have been fabricated and characterized by UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and SERS. The SERS signal from extracted CaDPA was measured over the spore concentration range of 10(-14)-10(-12) M to determine the saturation binding capacity of the AgFON surface and to calculate the adsorption constant (Kspore=1.7 x 10(13) M(-1)). At present, an 11 min procedure is capable of achieving a limit of detection (LOD) of approximately 2.6 x 10(3) spores, below the anthrax infectious dose of 10(4) spores. The data presented herein also demonstrate that the shelf life of prefabricated AgFON substrates can be as long as 40 days prior to use. Finally, these sensing capabilities have been successfully transitioned from a laboratory spectrometer to a field-portable instrument. Using this technology, 10(4) bacillus spores were detected with a 5 s data acquisition period on a 1 month old AgFON substrate. The speed and sensitivity of this SERS sensor indicate that this technology can be used as a viable option for the field analysis of potentially harmful environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA
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48
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Abstract
A potentiometric chemosensor for selective determination of dipicolinic acid (2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid, DPA) was developed based on the surface imprinting technique coupled with a nanoscale transducer: an indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass plate. The sensor fabrication conditions, optimal recognition condition, as well as selectivity, sensitivity, and stability of the DPA sensor have been investigated. The DPA sensor could recognize DPA from 3,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid. Potentiometric measurements demonstrated selective detection of DPA in a concentration range of 1.5 x 10(-6) to 0.0194 M. The response time of DPA sensor for 4 x 10(-4) M DPA was 25 s. The potentiometric response of the DPA sensor to DPA is at 90% of its initial magnitude after 550 times measurement. The viability of such a modified ITO electrode in the presence of other inorganic, organic, and biological materials was probed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxiu Zhou
- Polymer Research Institute, Polytechnic University, Six Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, NY 11201-3840, USA.
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Sarasanandarajah S, Kunnil J, Bronk BV, Reinisch L. Two-dimensional multiwavelength fluorescence spectra of dipicolinic acid and calcium dipicolinate. Appl Opt 2005; 44:1182-1187. [PMID: 15765697 DOI: 10.1364/ao.44.001182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Dipicolinic acid (DPA) and the Ca2+ complex of DPA (CaDPA) are major chemical components of bacterial spores. With fluorescence being considered for the detection and identification of spores, it is important to understand the optical properties of the major components of the spores. We report in some detail on the room-temperature fluorescence excitation and emission spectra of DPA and its calcium ion complex and provide a comparison of the excitation-emission spectrum in a dry, wet paste and aqueous form. DPA solutions have weak, if any, fluorescence, with increased fluorescence when the DPA is dry. After exposure to a broad source UV light of the DPA, wet or dry, we observe a large increase in fluorescence with a maximum intensity emission peak at around 440 nm for excitation light with a wavelength of around 360 nm. There is a slight blueshift in the absorption spectra of UV-exposed DPA from the unexposed DPA solution. CaDPA in solution shows a slight fluorescence with increased fluorescence in the dry form, and a substantial increase of fluorescence was observed after UV exposure with an emission peak of around 410 nm for excitation around 305 nm. The detailed excitation-emission spectra are necessary for better interpretation of the fluorescence spectra of bacterial spores where DPA is a major chemical component.
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50
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Koll M, Hoenen H, Aboul-Enein HY. A validated method for analysis of chromium picolinate in nutraceuticals by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography. Biomed Chromatogr 2005; 19:119-22. [PMID: 15372506 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A validated high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the determination of chromium picolinate in pharmaceutical dosage forms. The analysis was performed at room temperature using a reversed-phase Supelcosil LC-18 (250 x 4.6 mm, 5 microm) column. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile:water (40:60 v/v) at a fl ow rate of 0.8 mL/min. The UV-detector was set at 264 nm. The developed method showed a good linear relationship in the concentration range from 0.125 to 12.5 microg/mL with a correlation coefficient from 0.999. The limit of detection and limit of quanti fi cation were 0.091 and 0.181 microg/mL, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Koll
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Laboratory, Biological and Medical Research Department (MBC-03), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, PO Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
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