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Ortega-Requena S, Montiel C, Máximo F, Gómez M, Murcia MD, Bastida J. Esters in the Food and Cosmetic Industries: An Overview of the Reactors Used in Their Biocatalytic Synthesis. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:268. [PMID: 38204120 PMCID: PMC10779758 DOI: 10.3390/ma17010268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Esters are versatile compounds with a wide range of applications in various industries due to their unique properties and pleasant aromas. Conventionally, the manufacture of these compounds has relied on the chemical route. Nevertheless, this technique employs high temperatures and inorganic catalysts, resulting in undesired additional steps to purify the final product by removing solvent residues, which decreases environmental sustainability and energy efficiency. In accordance with the principles of "Green Chemistry" and the search for more environmentally friendly methods, a new alternative, the enzymatic route, has been introduced. This technique uses low temperatures and does not require the use of solvents, resulting in more environmentally friendly final products. Despite the large number of studies published on the biocatalytic synthesis of esters, little attention has been paid to the reactors used for it. Therefore, it is convenient to gather the scattered information regarding the type of reactor employed in these synthesis reactions, considering the industrial field in which the process is carried out. A comparison between the performance of the different reactor configurations will allow us to draw the appropriate conclusions regarding their suitability for each specific industrial application. This review addresses, for the first time, the above aspects, which will undoubtedly help with the correct industrial implementation of these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Josefa Bastida
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Campus of Espinardo, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (S.O.-R.); (C.M.); (F.M.); (M.G.); (M.D.M.)
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2
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Noro J, Cavaco-Paulo A, Silva C. Chemical modification of lipases: A powerful tool for activity improvement. Biotechnol J 2022; 17:e2100523. [PMID: 35544709 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202100523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The demand for adequate and ecologically acceptable procedures to produce the most differentiated products has been growing in recent decades, with enzymes being excellent examples of the advances achieved so far. Lipases are astonishing catalysts with a vast range of applications including the synthesis of esters, flavours, biodiesel, and polymers. The broad specificity of the substrates, as well as the regio-, stereo-, and enantioselectivity, are the differentiating factors of these enzymes. Structural modification is a current approach to enhance the activity of lipases. Chemical modification of lipases to improve catalytic performance is of great interest considering the increasingly broad fields of application. Together with the physical immobilization onto solid supports, different strategies have been developed to produce catalysts with higher activity and stability. In this review, practical insights into the different strategies developed in recent years regarding the modification of lipases are described. For the first time, the impact of the modifications on the activity and stability of lipases, as well as on the biotechnological applications, is fully compiled. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Noro
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal.,LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Artur Cavaco-Paulo
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal.,LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Carla Silva
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal.,LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
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3
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Continuous Production of DHA and EPA Ethyl Esters via Lipase-Catalyzed Transesterification in an Ultrasonic Packed-Bed Bioreactor. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12040404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethyl esters of omega-3 fatty acids are active pharmaceutical ingredients used for the reduction in triglycerides in the treatment of hyperlipidemia. Herein, an ultrasonic packed-bed bioreactor was developed for continuous production of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) ethyl esters from DHA+EPA concentrate and ethyl acetate (EA) using an immobilized lipase, Novozym® 435, as a biocatalyst. A three-level–two-factor central composite design combined with a response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to evaluate the packed-bed bioreactor with or without ultrasonication on the conversion of DHA + EPA ethyl ester. The highest conversion of 99% was achieved with ultrasonication at the condition of 1 mL min−1 flow rate and 100 mM DHA + EPA concentration. Our results also showed that the ultrasonic packed-bed bioreactor has a higher external mass transfer coefficient and a lower external substrate concentration on the surface of the immobilized enzyme. The effect of ultrasound was also demonstrated by a kinetic model in the batch reaction that the specificity constant (V′max/K2) in the ultrasonic bath was 8.9 times higher than that of the shaking bath, indicating the ultrasonication increased the affinity between enzymes and substrates and, therefore, increasing reaction rate. An experiment performed under the highest conversion conditions showed that the enzyme in the bioreactor remained stable at least for 5 days and maintained a 98% conversion.
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OKINO-DELGADO CLARISSAH, PEREIRA MILENESTEFANI, PRADO DÉBORAZDO, FLEURI LUCIANAFRANCISCO. Evaluation of the influence of chemical and physical factors on mixtures of fungal and plant lipases. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220201268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Meroni D, Djellabi R, Ashokkumar M, Bianchi CL, Boffito DC. Sonoprocessing: From Concepts to Large-Scale Reactors. Chem Rev 2021; 122:3219-3258. [PMID: 34818504 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Intensification of ultrasonic processes for diversified applications, including environmental remediation, extractions, food processes, and synthesis of materials, has received attention from the scientific community and industry. The mechanistic pathways involved in intensification of ultrasonic processes that include the ultrasonic generation of cavitation bubbles, radical formation upon their collapse, and the possibility of fine-tuning operating parameters for specific applications are all well documented in the literature. However, the scale-up of ultrasonic processes with large-scale sonochemical reactors for industrial applications remains a challenge. In this context, this review provides a complete overview of the current understanding of the role of operating parameters and reactor configuration on the sonochemical processes. Experimental and theoretical techniques to characterize the intensity and distribution of cavitation activity within sonoreactors are compared. Classes of laboratory and large-scale sonoreactors are reviewed, highlighting recent advances in batch and flow-through reactors. Finally, examples of large-scale sonoprocessing applications have been reviewed, discussing the major scale-up and sustainability challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Meroni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Ridha Djellabi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Claudia L Bianchi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Daria C Boffito
- Département de Génie Chimique, C.P. 6079, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal H3C 3A7, Canada.,Canada Research Chair in Intensified Mechanochemical Processes for Sustainable Biomass Conversion, Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, C.P. 6079, Succ. CV, H3C 3A7 Montréal, Québec Canada
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6
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Candida rugosa lipase immobilized on hydrophobic support Accurel MP 1000 in the synthesis of emollient esters. Biotechnol Lett 2021; 44:89-99. [PMID: 34738223 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-021-03196-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To immobilize Candida rugosa lipase in Accurel MP 1000 (CRL-AMP) by physical adsorption in organic medium and apply in the synthesis of wax esters dodecanoyl octadecanoate 1 and hexadecanoyl octadecanoate 2 in a heptane medium, as well as evaluating the stability and recyclability of CRL-AMP in six reaction cycles. RESULTS The specific activity (Asp) for CRL-AMP was 200 ± 20 U mg-1. Its catalytic activity was 1300 ± 100 U g-1. CRL-AMP was used in the synthesis of esters in heptane medium with a 1:1 acid:alcohol molar ratio at 45 °C and 200 rpm. In synthesis 1, conversion was 62.5 ± 3.9% in 30 min at 10% m v-1 and 56.9 ± 2.8% in 54 min at 5% m v-1; while in synthesis 2, conversion was 79.0 ± 3.9% in 24 min at 10% m v-1, and 46.0 ± 2.4% in 54 min at 5% m v-1. Reuse tests after six consecutive cycles of reaction showed that the biocatalyst retained approximately 50% of its original activity for both reaction systems. CONCLUSIONS CRL-AMP showed a high potential in the production of wax esters, since it started from low enzymatic load and high specific activities and conversions were obtained, in addition to allowing an increase in stability and recyclability of the prepared biocatalyst.
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8
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Xiang M, Wang L, Yan Q, Jiang Z, Yang S. Heterologous expression and biochemical characterization of a cold-active lipase from Rhizopus microsporus suitable for oleate synthesis and bread making. Biotechnol Lett 2021; 43:1921-1932. [PMID: 34302564 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-021-03167-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cold-active lipases which show high specific activity at low temperatures are attractive in industrial applications in terms of product stability and energy saving. We aimed to identify novel cold-active lipase suitable for oleates synthesis and bread making. RESULTS A novel lipase gene (RmLipA) from Rhizopus microsporus was cloned and heterologously expressed in Pichia pastoris. The encoding sequence displayed 75% identity to the lipase from R. niveus. The highest extracellular lipase activity of 7931 U/mL was achieved in a 5-L fermentation. The recombinant enzyme (RmLipA) was optimally active at pH 8.0 and 20-25 °C, respectively, and stable over a wide pH range of 2.0-11.0. The enzyme was a cold-active lipase, exhibiting > 80% of its maximal activity at 0 °C. RmLipA was a sn-1,3 regioselective lipase, and preferred to hydrolyze pNP esters and triglycerides with relatively long chain fatty acids. RmLipA synthesized various oleates using oleic acid and different alcohols as substrates (> 95%). Moreover, it significantly improved the quality of bread by increasing its specific volume (21.7%) and decreasing its crumb firmness (28.6%). CONCLUSIONS A novel cold-active lipase gene from R. microsporus was identified, and its application potentials were evaluated. RmLipA should be a potential candidate in oleates synthesis and bread making industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Xiang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ling Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qiaojuan Yan
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhengqiang Jiang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shaoqing Yang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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9
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Hevilla V, Sonseca A, Echeverría C, Muñoz-Bonilla A, Fernández-García M. Enzymatic Synthesis of Polyesters and Their Bioapplications: Recent Advances and Perspectives. Macromol Biosci 2021; 21:e2100156. [PMID: 34231313 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews the most important advances in the enzymatic synthesis of polyesters. In first place, the different processes of polyester enzymatic synthesis, i.e., polycondensation, ring opening, and chemoenzymatic polymerizations, and the key parameters affecting these reactions, such as enzyme, concentration, solvent, or temperature, are analyzed. Then, the latest articles on the preparation of polyesters either by direct synthesis or via modification are commented. Finally, the main bioapplications of enzymatically obtained polyesters, i.e., antimicrobial, drug delivery, or tissue engineering, are described. It is intended to point out the great advantages that enzymatic polymerization present to obtain polymers and the disadvantages found to develop applied materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Hevilla
- MacroEng Group, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, C/Juan de la Cierva, 3, Madrid, 28006, Spain.,Interdisciplinary Platform for "Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy" (SUSPLAST-CSIC), Madrid, 28006, Spain
| | - Agueda Sonseca
- Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera, s/n, Valencia, 46022, Spain
| | - Coro Echeverría
- MacroEng Group, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, C/Juan de la Cierva, 3, Madrid, 28006, Spain.,Interdisciplinary Platform for "Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy" (SUSPLAST-CSIC), Madrid, 28006, Spain
| | - Alexandra Muñoz-Bonilla
- MacroEng Group, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, C/Juan de la Cierva, 3, Madrid, 28006, Spain.,Interdisciplinary Platform for "Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy" (SUSPLAST-CSIC), Madrid, 28006, Spain
| | - Marta Fernández-García
- MacroEng Group, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, C/Juan de la Cierva, 3, Madrid, 28006, Spain.,Interdisciplinary Platform for "Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy" (SUSPLAST-CSIC), Madrid, 28006, Spain
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10
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Jaiswal K, Saraiya S, Rathod VK. Intensification of Enzymatic Synthesis of Decyl Oleate Using Ultrasound in Solvent Free System: Kinetic, Thermodynamic and Physicochemical Study. J Oleo Sci 2021; 70:559-570. [PMID: 33814515 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess20235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluates the potential use of ultrasound irradiation to synthesize decyl oleate using Fermase CALBTM10000 under the solvent-free system (SFS). The optimal condition to achieve a maximum yield of 97.14% was found to be 1:2 oleic acid:decanol ratio, 1.8% (w/w) enzyme loading, 45°C temperature, 200 rpm agitation speed, 50 W power input, 50% duty cycle, 22 kHz frequency and reaction time of 25 minutes. The thermodynamic study was done to determine the change in entropy, Gibb's free energy, and change in enthalpy at various temperatures. The experimental results and kinetic study showed that the reaction followed ordered bi-bi model with kinetic parameters as rate of reaction (V max ) = 35.02 M/min/g catalyst, Michaelis constant for acid (K A ) = 34.47 M, Michaelis constant for alcohol (K B ) = 3.31 M, Inhibition constant (Ki) = 4542.4 M and sum of square error (SSE) = 0.000334. The application of ultrasound irradiation combined with biocatalyst and the absence of solvent intensified the process compared to the traditional stirring method using hexane as solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajal Jaiswal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology
| | - Salonee Saraiya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology
| | - Virendra K Rathod
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology
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11
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Zhang C, Liang X, Abdo AAA, Kaddour B, Li X, Teng C, Wan C. Ultrasound-assisted lipase-catalyzed synthesis of ethyl acetate: process optimization and kinetic study. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2020.1868331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chengnan Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, PR China
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xin Liang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, PR China
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Abdullah Abdulaziz Abbod Abdo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, PR China
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, PR China
- Department of Food Science and Technology, IBB University, Ibb, Yemen
| | - Benariba Kaddour
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, PR China
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiuting Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, PR China
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, PR China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing, PR China
| | - Chao Teng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, PR China
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Chengyin Wan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, PR China
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, PR China
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12
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Salvi HM, Yadav GD. Process intensification using immobilized enzymes for the development of white biotechnology. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy00020a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Process intensification of biocatalysed reactions using different techniques such as microwaves, ultrasound, hydrodynamic cavitation, ionic liquids, microreactors and flow chemistry in various industries is critically analysed and future directions provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshada M. Salvi
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Institute of Chemical Technology
- Mumbai-400019
- India
| | - Ganapati D. Yadav
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Institute of Chemical Technology
- Mumbai-400019
- India
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13
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Kinetics of enzymatic cetyl palmitate production by esterification with fermented solid of Burkholderia contaminans in the presence of organic solvent. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-020-01889-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Gawas SD, Rathod VK. Ultrasound Assisted Green Synthesis of 2-Ethylhexyl Stearate: A Cosmetic Bio-lubricant. J Oleo Sci 2020; 69:1043-1049. [PMID: 32788510 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess19322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The 2-ethylhexyl stearate is used as a bio-lubricant in various cosmetic products. The present study is focused on the biocatalyzed esterification of 2-ethylhexanol and stearic acid to form 2-ethylhexyl stearate catalyzed by Fermase CALB 10000 in the presence of ultrasound treatment. The maximum conversion (95.87%) was obtained at molar ratio of 2-ethylhexanol to stearic acid 2:1, enzyme amount of 2 % (w/w), power 80 W, duty cycle 50 % and temperature 50°C in comparatively short reaction time (3 h) in the presence of Fermase as a catalyst. At optimum conditions, it is observed that in the presence of ultrasound; the reaction time minimizes up to 4 h as compared to mechanical stirring method (7 h). The physiochemical properties for the 2-ethylhexyl palmitate were also evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita D Gawas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology
| | - Virendra K Rathod
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology
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15
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Sose MT, Gawas SD, Rathod VK. Enzymatic synthesis of cinnamyl propionate from cinnamyl alcohol and propionic acid in a solvent free condition. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-2609-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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16
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Sahu A, Lodaya BG, Handu AV, Pandit AB. Expeditious synthesis and kinetic study of biodegradable amide 2,2-( (3-(2-((carboxymethyl)amino)-2-oxoethyl)-3-hydroxypentanedioyl)bis(azanediyl) diacetic acid (COHBDA) under ultrasound irradiation. Chem Ind 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00194506.2020.1720530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abha Sahu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Badal G. Lodaya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Abhinav V. Handu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Aniruddha B. Pandit
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India
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17
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Srivastava M, Mukhopadhyay P, Chakraborty R. Efficient monooleoyl glycerol synthesis employing hybrid ultrasonic‐infrared‐wave promoted reactor: Concurrent catalytic and noncatalytic esterification kinetics. INT J CHEM KINET 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.21330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Megha Srivastava
- Chemical Engineering DepartmentJadavpur University Kolkata India
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18
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Enzymatic synthesis of cosmetic grade wax ester in solvent free system: optimization, kinetic and thermodynamic studies. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-019-0955-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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19
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Abdelraheem EMM, Busch H, Hanefeld U, Tonin F. Biocatalysis explained: from pharmaceutical to bulk chemical production. REACT CHEM ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9re00301k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Biocatalysis is one of the most promising technologies for the sustainable synthesis of molecules for pharmaceutical, biotechnological and industrial purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman M. M. Abdelraheem
- Department of Biotechnology
- Delft University of Technology
- 2629 HZ Delft
- The Netherlands
- Chemistry Department
| | - Hanna Busch
- Department of Biotechnology
- Delft University of Technology
- 2629 HZ Delft
- The Netherlands
| | - Ulf Hanefeld
- Department of Biotechnology
- Delft University of Technology
- 2629 HZ Delft
- The Netherlands
| | - Fabio Tonin
- Department of Biotechnology
- Delft University of Technology
- 2629 HZ Delft
- The Netherlands
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20
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Mane SN, Gadalkar SM, Rathod VK. Intensification of paracetamol (acetaminophen) synthesis from hydroquinone using ultrasound. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2018; 49:106-110. [PMID: 30082254 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is one of the most frequently used analgesic and antipyretic drugs. This work deals with ultrasound assisted synthesis (UAS) of paracetamol from hydroquinone using ammonium acetate as an amidating agent. The optimization of various reaction and ultrasound parameters was performed to minimize the energy and time requirement. UAS of paracetamol was achieved at a lower temperature (60 °C) and the time (150 min) without formation of salt as a byproduct, making reaction green and inherently safer. On the other hand, the conventional process requires high reaction temperature (220 °C) and time (15 h). The quantification of the product was done by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Optimization of parameters revealed that the percent yield of 57.72% can be obtained in 150 min by performing the reaction in the ultrasound bath at 22 kHz frequency, 60 °C temperature, hydroquinone to ammonium acetate and acetic acid in a molar ratio of 1:6:5, 125 W power, 50% duty cycle and agitation speed of 300 RPM. Hence, ultrasound assisted synthesis can be considered as a process intensification tool for the synthesis of paracetamol and possibly other pharmaceutical compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnil N Mane
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Sagar M Gadalkar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Virendra K Rathod
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India.
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21
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Zhao X, Sun Q, Qin Z, Liu Q, Kong B. Ultrasonic pretreatment promotes diacylglycerol production from lard by lipase-catalysed glycerolysis and its physicochemical properties. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2018; 48:11-18. [PMID: 30080532 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of ultrasonic pretreatment on diacylglycerol (DAG) synthesis by lipase-catalysed glycerolysis of lard and to analyse the physicochemical properties of lard-based DAG. The optimal ultrasonic pretreatment conditions were: Rhizomucor miehei (Lipozyme® RMIM)-to-lard ratio 4:100 (W/W), 45 °C for 5 min, and power 250 W. The lard-based DAG samples for 4 h of glycerolysis reactions with ultrasonic pretreatment (named DAG-U) and 11 h of glycerolysis reactions without ultrasonic pretreatment (named DAG-N) had similar DAG contents and were used for further analysis. The major FA compositions and iodine value of lard, DAG-U and DAG-N were similar. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis proved that enzymatic glycerolysis with and without ultrasonic pretreatment did not change the structure of the lard. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis showed that the crystallization onset of DAG-U and DAG-N shifted to higher temperatures than that of lard, which indicated that DAG oils accelerated nucleation and crystal growth. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that both DAG-U and DAG-N contained β' crystal and a substantially lower amount of β crystal. Overall, ultrasonic pretreatment promotes diacylglycerol production from lard through lipase-catalysed glycerolysis, and DAG-U and DAG-N have similar physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Zhao
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Qinxiu Sun
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Zeyu Qin
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Qian Liu
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China
| | - Baohua Kong
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, China.
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22
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Nyari N, Paulazzi A, Zamadei R, Steffens C, Zabot GL, Tres MV, Zeni J, Venquiaruto L, Dallago RM. Synthesis of isoamyl acetate by ultrasonic system using Candida antarctica
lipase B immobilized in polyurethane. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.12812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nádia Nyari
- Department of Food Engineering; Integrated Regional University (URI), Sete de Setembro Av., 1621; Erechim RS 99709-910 Brazil
| | - Alessandro Paulazzi
- Department of Food Engineering; Integrated Regional University (URI), Sete de Setembro Av., 1621; Erechim RS 99709-910 Brazil
| | - Raquel Zamadei
- Department of Food Engineering; Integrated Regional University (URI), Sete de Setembro Av., 1621; Erechim RS 99709-910 Brazil
| | - Clarice Steffens
- Department of Food Engineering; Integrated Regional University (URI), Sete de Setembro Av., 1621; Erechim RS 99709-910 Brazil
| | - Giovani Leone Zabot
- Laboratory of Agroindustrial Processes Engineering (LAPE); Federal University of Santa Maria, UFSM, Ernesto Barros St., 1345; Cachoeira do Sul RS 96506-322 Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinícius Tres
- Laboratory of Agroindustrial Processes Engineering (LAPE); Federal University of Santa Maria, UFSM, Ernesto Barros St., 1345; Cachoeira do Sul RS 96506-322 Brazil
| | - Jamile Zeni
- Department of Food Engineering; Integrated Regional University (URI), Sete de Setembro Av., 1621; Erechim RS 99709-910 Brazil
| | - Luciana Venquiaruto
- Department of Food Engineering; Integrated Regional University (URI), Sete de Setembro Av., 1621; Erechim RS 99709-910 Brazil
| | - Rogério Marcos Dallago
- Department of Food Engineering; Integrated Regional University (URI), Sete de Setembro Av., 1621; Erechim RS 99709-910 Brazil
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23
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Galgali A, Gawas SD, Rathod VK. Ultrasound assisted synthesis of citronellol laurate by using Novozym 435. Catal Today 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2017.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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24
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Lima LCD, Peres DGC, Mendes AA. Kinetic and thermodynamic studies on the enzymatic synthesis of wax ester catalyzed by lipase immobilized on glutaraldehyde-activated rice husk particles. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2018; 41:991-1002. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-018-1929-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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25
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Golunski SM, Mulinari J, Camargo AF, Venturin B, Baldissarelli DP, Marques CT, Vargas GDLP, Colla LM, Mossi A, Treichel H. Ultrasound effects on the activity of Aspergillus niger
lipases in their application in dairy wastewater treatment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/tqem.21508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simone M. Golunski
- Environmental Science and Technology Department; Federal University of Fronteira Sul; Erechim Brazil
| | - Jessica Mulinari
- Environmental Science and Technology Department; Federal University of Fronteira Sul; Erechim Brazil
| | - Aline Frumi Camargo
- Environmental Science and Technology Department; Federal University of Fronteira Sul; Erechim Brazil
| | - Bruno Venturin
- Environmental Science and Technology Department; Federal University of Fronteira Sul; Erechim Brazil
| | - Daiane P. Baldissarelli
- Environmental Science and Technology Department; Federal University of Fronteira Sul; Erechim Brazil
| | - Camila Torbes Marques
- Environmental Science and Technology Department; Federal University of Fronteira Sul; Erechim Brazil
| | - Gean D. L. P. Vargas
- Environmental Science and Technology Department; Federal University of Fronteira Sul; Erechim Brazil
| | - Luciane Maria Colla
- Faculty of Engineering and Architecture; University of Passo Fundo; Passo Fundo Brazil
| | - Altemir Mossi
- Environmental Science and Technology Department; Federal University of Fronteira Sul; Erechim Brazil
| | - Helen Treichel
- Environmental Science and Technology Department; Federal University of Fronteira Sul; Erechim Brazil
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26
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Jaiswal KS, Rathod VK. Acoustic cavitation promoted lipase catalysed synthesis of isobutyl propionate in solvent free system: Optimization and kinetic studies. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2018; 40:727-735. [PMID: 28946479 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The present work highlights the effect of ultrasound on enzymatic synthesis of isobutyl propionate, a rum flavor by esterification of isobutanol and propionic acid in non-aqueous, solvent free system (SFS) using Fermase CALB™10000. The optimization study for different variables in presence of ultrasound showed a maximum conversion of 95.14% at 60°C temperature, 4% w/w enzyme dose, 1:3 acid:alcohol ratio, 40W power, 25kHz frequency, 50% duty cycle and 150rpm speed in 3h as compared to 10h of conventional method. The optimal enzyme loading was reduced to 4% w/w using ultrasound irradiation compared to 5% w/w of conventional. The efficiency of enzyme improved notably and can be reused up to seven cycles preserving its former activity. The application of ultrasound greatly enhanced esterification reactions by maintaining enzyme stability and improving the production yield. Moreover, owing towards a green approach, the synthesis is carried out in SFS for development of lucrative flavor ester. Bisubstrate kinetic models like random bi-bi, ping pong bi-bi and ordered bi-bi were applied to the experimental data using non-linear regression analysis. The experimental data and kinetic study revealed that reaction obeyed Ping-Pong bi-bi model with kinetic parameters, Vmax=50.0M/min/gcatalyst, KA=4.87×10-2M, KB=9.06×10-4M, KiA=9.8×10-1M, KiB=1.05×10-3M &SSE=2.74×10-4 for lipase catalysed synthesis of isobutyl propionate under ultrasound with inhibition by both acid and alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajal S Jaiswal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga (E), Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Virendra K Rathod
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga (E), Mumbai 400019, India.
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27
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Bansode SR, Rathod VK. An investigation of lipase catalysed sonochemical synthesis: A review. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2017. [PMID: 28633854 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasonic irradiation has recently gained attention of researchers for its process intensification in numerous reactions. Earlier ultrasound was known for its application either to deactivate enzyme activity or to disrupt the cell. However, in recent years, practice of ultrasonic irradiation began to emerge as a tool for the activation of the enzymes under mild frequency conditions. The incorporation of ultrasound in any of enzymatic reactions not only increases yield but also accelerates the rate of reaction in the presence of mild conditions with better yield and less side-products. To attain maximum yield, it is crucial to understand the mechanism and effect of sonication on reaction especially for the lipase enzyme. Thus, the influence of ultrasound irradiation on reaction yield for different parameters including temperature, enzyme concentration, mole ratio of substrates, solvents ultrasonic frequency and power was reviewed and discussed. The physical effect of cavitation determined by bubble dynamics and rate of reaction through kinetic modelling also needs to be assessed for complete investigation and scale up of synthesis. Thus, prudish utilisation of ultrasound for enzymatic synthesis can serve better future for sustainable and green chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha R Bansode
- Chemical Engineering Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400 019, India
| | - Virendra K Rathod
- Chemical Engineering Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400 019, India.
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28
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Sancheti SV, Gogate PR. A review of engineering aspects of intensification of chemical synthesis using ultrasound. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2017; 36:527-543. [PMID: 27567541 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Revised: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Cavitation generated using ultrasound can enhance the rates of several chemical reactions giving better selectivity based on the physical and chemical effects. The present review focuses on overview of the different reactions that can be intensified using ultrasound followed by the discussion on the chemical kinetics for ultrasound assisted reactions, engineering aspects related to reactor designs and effect of operating parameters on the degree of intensification obtained for chemical synthesis. The cavitational effects in terms of magnitudes of collapse temperatures and collapse pressure, number of free radicals generated and extent of turbulence are strongly dependent on the operating parameters such as ultrasonic power, frequency, duty cycle, temperature as well as physicochemical parameters of liquid medium which controls the inception of cavitation. Guidelines have been presented for the optimum selection based on the critical analysis of the existing literature so that maximum process intensification benefits can be obtained. Different reactor designs have also been analyzed with guidelines for efficient scale up of the sonochemical reactor, which would be dependent on the type of reaction, controlling mechanism of reaction, catalyst and activation energy requirements. Overall, it has been established that sonochemistry offers considerable potential for green and sustainable processing and efficient scale up procedures are required so as to harness the effects at actual commercial level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonam V Sancheti
- Chemical Engineering Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400 019, India
| | - Parag R Gogate
- Chemical Engineering Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400 019, India.
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29
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Mulinari J, Venturin B, Sbardelotto M, Dall Agnol A, Scapini T, Camargo AF, Baldissarelli DP, Modkovski TA, Rossetto V, Dalla Rosa C, Reichert FW, Golunski SM, Vieitez I, Vargas GDLP, Dalla Rosa C, Mossi AJ, Treichel H. Ultrasound-assisted hydrolysis of waste cooking oil catalyzed by homemade lipases. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2017; 35:313-318. [PMID: 27746067 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the waste cooking oil (WCO) hydrolysis in ultrasonic system using lipase as catalyst. Lipase was produced by the fungus Aspergillus niger via solid state fermentation (SSF) using canola meal as substrate. Prior to the hydrolysis reaction, the lipase behavior when subjected to ultrasound was evaluated by varying the temperature of the ultrasonic bath, the exposure time and the equipment power. Having optimized the treatment on ultrasound, the WCO hydrolysis reaction was carried out by evaluating the oil:water ratio and the lipase concentration. For a greater homogenization of the reaction medium, a mechanical stirrer at 170rpm was used. All steps were analyzed by experimental design technique. The lipase treatment in ultrasound generated an increase of about 320% in its hydrolytic activity using 50% of ultrasonic power for 25min. at 45°C. The results of the experimental design conducted for ultrasound-assisted hydrolysis showed that the best condition was using an oil:water ratio of 1:3 (v:v) and enzyme concentration of 15% (v/v), generating 62.67μmol/mL of free fatty acids (FFA) in 12h of reaction. Thus, the use of Aspergillus niger lipase as a catalyst for hydrolysis reaction of WCO can be considered as a possible pretreatment technique of the oil in order to accelerate its degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mulinari
- Environmental Science and Technology, Federal University of Fronteira Sul - Campus Erechim, RS 135, Km 72, 99700-000 Erechim, RS, Brazil
| | - B Venturin
- Environmental Science and Technology, Federal University of Fronteira Sul - Campus Erechim, RS 135, Km 72, 99700-000 Erechim, RS, Brazil
| | - M Sbardelotto
- Environmental Science and Technology, Federal University of Fronteira Sul - Campus Erechim, RS 135, Km 72, 99700-000 Erechim, RS, Brazil
| | - A Dall Agnol
- Environmental Science and Technology, Federal University of Fronteira Sul - Campus Erechim, RS 135, Km 72, 99700-000 Erechim, RS, Brazil
| | - T Scapini
- Environmental Science and Technology, Federal University of Fronteira Sul - Campus Erechim, RS 135, Km 72, 99700-000 Erechim, RS, Brazil
| | - A F Camargo
- Environmental Science and Technology, Federal University of Fronteira Sul - Campus Erechim, RS 135, Km 72, 99700-000 Erechim, RS, Brazil
| | - D P Baldissarelli
- Environmental Science and Technology, Federal University of Fronteira Sul - Campus Erechim, RS 135, Km 72, 99700-000 Erechim, RS, Brazil
| | - T A Modkovski
- Environmental Science and Technology, Federal University of Fronteira Sul - Campus Erechim, RS 135, Km 72, 99700-000 Erechim, RS, Brazil
| | - V Rossetto
- Environmental Science and Technology, Federal University of Fronteira Sul - Campus Erechim, RS 135, Km 72, 99700-000 Erechim, RS, Brazil
| | - C Dalla Rosa
- Environmental Science and Technology, Federal University of Fronteira Sul - Campus Erechim, RS 135, Km 72, 99700-000 Erechim, RS, Brazil
| | - F W Reichert
- Environmental Science and Technology, Federal University of Fronteira Sul - Campus Erechim, RS 135, Km 72, 99700-000 Erechim, RS, Brazil
| | - S M Golunski
- Environmental Science and Technology, Federal University of Fronteira Sul - Campus Erechim, RS 135, Km 72, 99700-000 Erechim, RS, Brazil
| | - I Vieitez
- Grupo de Derivados de la Industria Alimentaria, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos (CYTAL), Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - G D L P Vargas
- Environmental Science and Technology, Federal University of Fronteira Sul - Campus Erechim, RS 135, Km 72, 99700-000 Erechim, RS, Brazil
| | - C Dalla Rosa
- Environmental Science and Technology, Federal University of Fronteira Sul - Campus Erechim, RS 135, Km 72, 99700-000 Erechim, RS, Brazil
| | - A J Mossi
- Environmental Science and Technology, Federal University of Fronteira Sul - Campus Erechim, RS 135, Km 72, 99700-000 Erechim, RS, Brazil
| | - H Treichel
- Environmental Science and Technology, Federal University of Fronteira Sul - Campus Erechim, RS 135, Km 72, 99700-000 Erechim, RS, Brazil.
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30
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Zhu D, Gong A, Xu Y, Kinfack Tsabing D, Wu F, Wang J. Isoquercitrin production from rutin catalyzed by naringinase under ultrasound irradiation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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31
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Sonochemical Effect on Activity and Conformation of Commercial Lipases. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 181:1435-1453. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2294-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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32
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Khan N, Jadhav S, Rathod VK. Enzymatic synthesis of n-butyl palmitate in a solvent-free system: RSM optimization and kinetic studies. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2016.1212847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nishat Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, India
| | - Sachin Jadhav
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, India
| | - Virendra Kisan Rathod
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai, India
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33
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Interfacial activation of lipases on hydrophobic support and application in the synthesis of a lubricant ester. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 92:900-909. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.07.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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34
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Alves MD, Cren ÉC, Mendes AA. Kinetic, thermodynamic, optimization and reusability studies for the enzymatic synthesis of a saturated wax ester. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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35
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Abstract
Over the past 15 years, sustainable chemistry has emerged as a new paradigm in the development of chemistry. In the field of organic synthesis, green chemistry rhymes with relevant choice of starting materials, atom economy, methodologies that minimize the number of chemical steps, appropriate use of benign solvents and reagents, efficient strategies for product isolation and purification and energy minimization. In that context, unconventional methods, and especially ultrasound, can be a fine addition towards achieving these green requirements. Undoubtedly, sonochemistry is considered as being one of the most promising green chemical methods (Cravotto et al. Catal Commun 63: 2-9, 2015). This review is devoted to the most striking results obtained in green organic sonochemistry between 2006 and 2016. Furthermore, among catalytic transformations, oxidation reactions are the most polluting reactions in the chemical industry; thus, we have focused a part of our review on the very promising catalytic activity of ultrasound for oxidative purposes.
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36
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Gawas SD, Jadhav SV, Rathod VK. Solvent Free Lipase Catalysed Synthesis of Ethyl Laurate: Optimization and Kinetic Studies. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 180:1428-1445. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2177-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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37
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Lage FA, Bassi JJ, Corradini MC, Todero LM, Luiz JH, Mendes AA. Preparation of a biocatalyst via physical adsorption of lipase from Thermomyces lanuginosus on hydrophobic support to catalyze biolubricant synthesis by esterification reaction in a solvent-free system. Enzyme Microb Technol 2016; 84:56-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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