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Yang Z, Wang X, Zhao X, Cheng H, Ji B. LES investigation of the wavy leading edge effect on cavitation noise. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2024; 103:106780. [PMID: 38286041 PMCID: PMC10839620 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
This paper investigates the noise reduction performance of biomimetic hydrofoils with wavy leading edge and the corresponding mechanisms. We employ Large Eddy Simulation (LES) approach and permeable Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings (PFW-H) method to predict cavitation noise around the baseline and biomimetic hydrofoils. The results show that the wavy leading edge can effectively reduce the high-frequency noise, but has little effect on the low-frequency noise. Further analyses and discussions deal with the noise reduction mechanisms. The main source for the low-frequency noise is the cavity volume acceleration, while the wavy leading edge has little effect on it. The high-frequency noise sources, related to the surface pressure fluctuations and the turbulence characteristics, are significantly suppressed by the wavy leading edge, thus decreasing the high-frequency noise intensity. Our investigation indicates that the wavy leading edge has great prospects for cavitation noise reduction technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongpo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xincheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaotao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaiyu Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Zhang X, Lin R, Zhang L, Chen J, Li M, Wang Y. Numerical investigation of effect of geometric parameters on performance of rotational hydrodynamic cavitation reactor. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2024; 103:106790. [PMID: 38335836 PMCID: PMC10865477 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this paper is to discuss the influence of geometric parameters on the performance of the rotational hydrodynamic cavitation reactor (RHCR) using numerical method. The novel RHCR is implemented by modifying a centrifugal impeller into a new one using the annular slit constriction (ASC) with circumferentially distributed blind holes. The cavitation intensity and cavitation generation rate are selected to evaluate the cavitation performance, the head is used to assess conveying performance, and the entropy generation theory is used to evaluate the energy loss in the impeller. The effect of the axial width, radial length and radial position of the ASC on the cavitating flow of the RHCR is investigated by CFD method. The results indicate that three patterns of cavitation are induced in the RHCR, including separation cavitation, vortex cavitation and shear cavitation. The axial width, radial length and radial position of the ASC are the important geometric parameter that affect the performance of the RHCR. A small width is superior to a large width in terms of cavitation performance, although the conveying performance suffers as a result. The energy loss in the impeller initially increases and then decreases as the width decreases. Both a reduction in radial length and radial position leads to higher cavitation and conveying capacity, accompanying slight increase in energy loss. Compared to the original model, the RHCR with an axial width of 3 mm, a radial length of 17 mm, and a radial position of 0.541 achieves the highest performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhang
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xihua University, Chendu 610039, China
| | - Renyong Lin
- Leo Group Pump (zhejiang) Co., LTD, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Lingbo Zhang
- Leo Group Pump (zhejiang) Co., LTD, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Ming Li
- Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Department of Precision Manufacturing Engineering, Suzhou Vocational Institute of Industrial Technology, Suzhou 215104, China
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3
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Sun X, Xia G, You W, Jia X, Manickam S, Tao Y, Zhao S, Yoon JY, Xuan X. Effect of the arrangement of cavitation generation unit on the performance of an advanced rotational hydrodynamic cavitation reactor. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 99:106544. [PMID: 37544171 PMCID: PMC10432248 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) is widely considered a promising process intensification technology. The novel advanced rotational hydrodynamic cavitation reactors (ARHCRs), with considerably higher performance compared with traditional devices, have gained increasing attention of academic and industrial communities. The cavitation generation unit (CGU), located on the rotor and/or stator of an ARHCR, is utilized to generate cavitation and consequently, its geometrical structure is vital for the performance. The present work studied, for the first time, the effect of the arrangement of CGU on the performance of a representative ARHCR by employing computational fluid dynamics based on the "simplified flow field" strategy. The effect of CGU arrangement, which was neglected in the past, was evaluated: radial offset distance (c), intersection angle (ω), number of rows (N), circumferential offset angle (γ), and radial spacing (r). The results indicate that the CGU, with an arrangement of a low ω and moderate c, N, γ, and r, performed the highest cavitation efficiency. The corresponding reasons were analyzed by combining the flow field and cavitation pattern. Moreover, the results also exposed a weakness of the "simplified flow field" strategy which may induce the unfavorable "sidewall effect" and cause false high-pressure region. The findings of this work may provide a reference value to the design of ARHCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Sun
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China.
| | - Gaoju Xia
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Weibin You
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
| | - Xiaoqi Jia
- Key Laboratory of Fluid Transmission Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Sivakumar Manickam
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Yang Tao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shan Zhao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Joon Yong Yoon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, BK21 FOUR ERICA-ACE Center, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaoxu Xuan
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
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4
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Min Oo Y, Somnuk K. Investigation of free fatty acid reduction from mixed crude palm oil using 3D-printed rotor-stator hydrodynamic cavitation: An experimental study of geometric characteristics of the inner hole. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 98:106472. [PMID: 37348259 PMCID: PMC10314289 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
A continuous esterification process is employed to decrease the free fatty acid (FFA) concentration of FFA-rich mixed crude palm oil. Both optimal and recommended conditions are determined for the esterification reaction conditions and the geometry of the 3D-printed rotor design in the rotor-stator hydrodynamic cavitation reactor. This study is primarily concerned with the effect of the cavitation device configuration, especially the rotor design, on FFA reduction. Instead of conventional spherical or cylindrical drilled holes, a point angle cone-shaped hole is used to create cavities over the rotor surface. These point angles are adjusted to clarify their effect on FFA reduction. The response surface methodology is applied to determine the optimal concentrations of methanol and sulfuric acid, rotor speed, hole diameter and depth, and cone point angle. The recommended conditions are 20.8 wt% methanol, 2.6 wt% sulfuric acid, 3000 rpm, 5 mm hole diameter, 5 mm hole depth, and 110°, respectively. Under this configuration, the FFA content is reduced from 12.014 wt% to around 1 wt%. A maximum yield of 97.34 vol% esterified oil is obtained through a completed phase separation step, and 93.31 vol% pure oil is collected after the cleansing step. The recommended conditions result in reduced chemical usage, cheaper FFA reduction, and lower environmental impact. This creative rotor design effectively improves our understanding of the geometry of the cavitation device, thus enhancing the cavitation effect in industrial operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Min Oo
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Krit Somnuk
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; Energy Technology Research Center, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand.
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5
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Li L, Niu Y, Wei G, Manickam S, Sun X, Zhu Z. Investigation of cavitation noise using Eulerian-Lagrangian multiscale modeling. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 97:106446. [PMID: 37224639 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We have employed the large eddy simulation (LES) approach to investigate the cavitation noise characteristics of an unsteady cavitating flow around a NACA66 (National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics) hydrofoil by employing an Eulerian-Lagrangian based multiscale cavitation model. A volume of fluid (VOF) method simulates the large cavity, whereas a Lagrangian discrete bubble model (DBM) tracks the small bubbles. Meanwhile, noise is determined using the Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings equation (FW-H). Eulerian-Lagrangian analysis has shown that, in comparison to VOF, it is more effective in revealing microscopic characteristics of unsteady cavitating flows, including microscale bubbles, that are unresolvable around the cloud cavity, and their impact on the flow field. It is also evident that its evolution of cavitation features on the hydrofoil is more consistent with the experimental observations. The frequency of the maximum sound pressure level corresponds to the frequency of the main cavity shedding for the noise characteristics. Using the Eulerian-Lagrangian method to predict the noise signal, results show that the cavitation noise, generated by discrete bubbles due to their collapse, is mainly composed of high-frequency signals. In addition, the frequency of cavitation noise induced by discrete microbubbles is around 10 kHz. A typical characteristic of cavitation noise, including two intense pulses during the collapsing of the cloud cavity, is described, as well as the mechanisms that underlie these phenomena. The findings of this work provide for a fundamental understanding of cavitation and serve as a valuable reference for the design and intensification of hydrodynamic cavitation reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linmin Li
- Key Laboratory of Fluid Transmission Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yabiao Niu
- Key Laboratory of Fluid Transmission Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Guolai Wei
- Key Laboratory of Fluid Transmission Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Sivakumar Manickam
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Jalan Tungku Link Gadong, Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Xun Sun
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture of Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China.
| | - Zuchao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Fluid Transmission Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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Dehghani MH, Karri RR, Koduru JR, Manickam S, Tyagi I, Mubarak NM, Suhas. Recent trends in the applications of sonochemical reactors as an advanced oxidation process for the remediation of microbial hazards associated with water and wastewater: A critical review. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 94:106302. [PMID: 36736130 PMCID: PMC10040970 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Water is one of the major sources that spread human diseases through contamination with bacteria and other pathogenic microorganisms. This review focuses on microbial hazards as they are often present in water and wastewater and cause various human diseases. Among the currently used disinfection methods, sonochemical reactors (SCRs) that produce free radicals combined with advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have received significant attention from the scientific community. Also, this review discussed various types of cavitation reactors, such as acoustic cavitation reactors (ACRs) utilizing ultrasonic energy (UE), which had been widely employed, involving AOPs for treating contaminated waters. Besides ACRs, hydrodynamic cavitation reactors (HCRs) also effectively destroy and deactivate microorganisms to varying degrees. Cavitation is the fundamental phenomenon responsible for initiating many sonochemical reactions in liquids. Bacterial degradation occurs mainly due to the thinning of microbial membranes, local warming, and the generation of free radicals due to cavitation. Over the years, although extensive investigations have focused on the antimicrobial effects of UE (ultrasonic energy), the primary mechanism underlying the cavitation effects in the disinfection process, inactivation of microbes, and chemical reactions involved are still poorly understood. Therefore, studies under different conditions often lead to inconsistent results. This review investigates and compares other mechanisms and performances from greener and environmentally friendly sonochemical techniques to the remediation of microbial hazards associated with water and wastewater. Finally, the energy aspects, challenges, and recommendations for future perspectives have been provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hadi Dehghani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Institute for Environmental Research, Center for Solid Waste Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Rama Rao Karri
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Janardhan Reddy Koduru
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Sivakumar Manickam
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Inderjeet Tyagi
- Centre for DNA Taxonomy, Molecular Systematics Division, Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata 700053, West Bengal, India
| | - Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Suhas
- Department of Chemistry, Gurukula Kangri, Haridwar 249404, India
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7
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A Review on Rotary Generators of Hydrodynamic Cavitation for Wastewater Treatment and Enhancement of Anaerobic Digestion Process. Processes (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/pr11020514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The issue of ever-increasing amounts of waste activated sludge (WAS) produced from biological wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is pointed out. WAS can be effectively reduced in the anaerobic digestion (AD) process, where methanogens break down organic matter and simultaneously produce biogas in the absence of oxygen, mainly methane and CO2. Biomethane can then be effectively used in gas turbines to produce electricity and power a part of WWTPs. Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) has been identified as a potential technique that can improve the AD process and enhance biogas yield. Rotary generators of hydrodynamic cavitation (RGHCs) that have gained considerable popularity due to their promising results and scalability are presented. Operation, their underlying mechanisms, parameters for performance evaluation, and their division based on geometry of cavitation generation units (CGUs) are presented. Their current use in the field of wastewater treatment is presented, with the focus on WAS pre/treatment. In addition, comparison of achieved results with RGHCs relevant to the enhancement of AD process is presented.
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8
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Sarker MAR, Ahn YH. Green phytoextracts as natural photosensitizers in LED-based photodynamic disinfection of multidrug-resistant bacteria in wastewater effluent. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 297:134157. [PMID: 35245588 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The photodynamic treatment (PDT) process is a promising technology to control emerging pollutants and antimicrobial resistance problems in the water environment. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced when natural and nontoxic photosensitizers (PS) are exposed to light are the key functional components of the PDT process that can effectively achieve microbial inactivation with minimal negative impact. This study examined the application of green phytoextracts from two plants, Chamaecyparis obtusa and Moringa oleifera, as natural photosensitizers for the white light-emitting diode (LED) based photodynamic disinfection of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and total coliforms (TC) from secondary effluent in full-scale municipal wastewater treatment plants. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that the phytoextracts contained 57 compounds, particularly aromatic and phenolic hydroxyl compounds. The phytoextracts showed an excellent activity as a PS compared to the intrinsic antibacterial effect. Under a light intensity of 17 mW/cm2, the complete inactivation (6.55 Log CFU/mL) was observed at an irradiation time of 100 min for Escherichia coli ART-2 and 80 min for Staphylococcus aureus, meaning that E. coli was resistant. The light intensity was an important factor influencing photodynamic disinfection. For the complete disinfection of TC satisfying the water reclamation regulation, the irradiation time requirement was 20 min under a light intensity of 80 mW/cm2. During the photodynamic reaction, a significant amount of ROS was generated from the phytoextracts as the light irradiation time was increased. The major ROS was singlet oxygen (1O2, Type II) during the initial 40 min of reaction time and hydroxyl radical (•OH, Type I) after 40 min until complete inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Rashid Sarker
- Department of Civil Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea; Department of Agricultural Construction and Environmental Engineering, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Young-Ho Ahn
- Department of Civil Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Sun X, You W, Wu Y, Tao Y, Yoon JY, Zhang X, Xuan X. Hydrodynamic Cavitation: A Novel Non-Thermal Liquid Food Processing Technology. Front Nutr 2022; 9:843808. [PMID: 35308268 PMCID: PMC8931495 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.843808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC), as a novel non-thermal processing technology, has recently shown unique effects on the properties of various liquid foods. The extreme conditions of pressure at ~500 bar, local hotspots with ~5,000 K, and oxidation created by HC can help obtain characteristic products with high quality and special taste. Moreover, compared with other emerging non-thermal approaches, the feature of the HC phenomenon and its generation mechanism helps determine that HC is more suitable for industrial-scale processing. This mini-review summarizes the current knowledge of the recent advances in HC-based liquid food processing. The principle of HC is briefly introduced. The effectiveness of HC on the various physical (e.g., particle size, viscosity, temperature, and stability), chemical (nutrition loss), and biological characteristics (microorganism inactivation) of various liquid foods are evaluated. Finally, several recommendations for future research on the HC technique are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Sun
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Weibin You
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yue Wu
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Yang Tao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Joon Yong Yoon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, BK21 FOUR ERICA-ACE Center, Hanyang University, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Xinyan Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions From Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoxu Xuan
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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10
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Fu S, Lu J, Zhou F, Yuan H, Wang Y, Dai C. Study on the performance of a novel hydrodynamic cavitation device for treatment of wastewater. ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.2752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuangcheng Fu
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Rail Transit Changzhou University Changzhou Jiangsu China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Process Equipment Changzhou University Changzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Jian Lu
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Rail Transit Changzhou University Changzhou Jiangsu China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Process Equipment Changzhou University Changzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Faqi Zhou
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Rail Transit Changzhou University Changzhou Jiangsu China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Process Equipment Changzhou University Changzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Huixin Yuan
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Rail Transit Changzhou University Changzhou Jiangsu China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Process Equipment Changzhou University Changzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Yunbing Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Rail Transit Changzhou University Changzhou Jiangsu China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Process Equipment Changzhou University Changzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Chaolei Dai
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Rail Transit Changzhou University Changzhou Jiangsu China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Process Equipment Changzhou University Changzhou Jiangsu China
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11
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Sun X, Liu S, Zhang X, Tao Y, Boczkaj G, Yoon JY, Xuan X. Recent advances in hydrodynamic cavitation-based pretreatments of lignocellulosic biomass for valorization. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 345:126251. [PMID: 34728352 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the hydrodynamic cavitation (HC)-based pretreatment has shown high effectiveness in laboratories and even in industrial productions for conversion of lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) into value-added products. The pretreatment capability derives from the extraordinary conditions of pressures at ∼500 bar, local hotspots with ∼5000 K, and oxidation (hydroxyl radicals) created by HC at room conditions. To promote this emerging technology, the present review summarizes the recent advances in the HC-based pretreatment of LCB. The principle of HC including the sonochemical effect and hydrodynamic cavitation reactor is introduced. The effectiveness of HC on the delignification of LCB as well as subsequent fermentation, paper production, and other applications is evaluated. Several key operational factors (i.e., reaction environment, duration, and feedstock characteristics) in HC pretreatments are discussed. The enhancement mechanism of HC including physical and chemical effects is analyzed. Finally, the perspectives on future research on the HC-based pretreatment technology are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Sun
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, PR China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, PR China.
| | - Shuai Liu
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, PR China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, PR China
| | - Xinyan Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions from Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, PR China
| | - Yang Tao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Grzegorz Boczkaj
- Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk 80-233, Poland
| | - Joon Yong Yoon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaoxu Xuan
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, PR China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, PR China
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12
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Bimestre TA, Júnior JAM, Canettieri EV, Tuna CE. Hydrodynamic cavitation for lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment: a review of recent developments and future perspectives. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2022; 9:7. [PMID: 38647820 PMCID: PMC10991952 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-022-00499-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The hydrodynamic cavitation comes out as a promising route to lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment releasing huge amounts of energy and inducing physical and chemical transformations, which favor lignin-carbohydrate matrix disruption. The hydrodynamic cavitation process combined with other pretreatment processes has shown an attractive alternative with high pretreatment efficiency, low energy consumption, and easy setup for large-scale applications compared to conventional pretreatment methods. This present review includes an overview of this promising technology and a detailed discussion on the process of parameters that affect the phenomena and future perspectives of development of this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Averaldo Bimestre
- Chemistry and Energy Department, School of Engineering, São Paulo State University UNESP, Guaratinguetá, SP, 12516-410, Brazil.
| | - José Antonio Mantovani Júnior
- Center for Weather Forecasting and Climate Studies, National Institute for Space Research CPTEC/INPE, Cachoeira Paulista, SP, 12630-000, Brazil
| | - Eliana Vieira Canettieri
- Chemistry and Energy Department, School of Engineering, São Paulo State University UNESP, Guaratinguetá, SP, 12516-410, Brazil
| | - Celso Eduardo Tuna
- Chemistry and Energy Department, School of Engineering, São Paulo State University UNESP, Guaratinguetá, SP, 12516-410, Brazil
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Sun X, Yang Z, Wei X, Tao Y, Boczkaj G, Yoon JY, Xuan X, Chen S. Multi-objective optimization of the cavitation generation unit structure of an advanced rotational hydrodynamic cavitation reactor. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 80:105771. [PMID: 34689065 PMCID: PMC8551246 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) has been widely considered a promising technique for industrial-scale process intensifications. The effectiveness of HC is determined by the performance of hydrodynamic cavitation reactors (HCRs). The advanced rotational HCRs (ARHCRs) proposed recently have shown superior performance in various applications, while the research on the structural optimization is still absent. The present study, for the first time, identifies optimal structures of the cavitation generation units of a representative ARHCR by combining genetic algorithm (GA) and computational fluid dynamics, with the objectives of maximizing the total vapor volume, Vvapor , and minimizing the total torque of the rotor wall, M→z . Four important geometrical factors, namely, diameter (D), interaction distance (s), height (h), and inclination angle (θ), were specified as the design variables. Two high-performance fitness functions for Vvapor and M→z were established from a central composite design with 25 cases. After performing 10,001 simulations of GA, a Pareto front with 1630 non-dominated points was obtained. The results reveal that the values of s and θ of the Pareto front concentrated on their lower (i.e., 1.5 mm) and upper limits (i.e., 18.75°), respectively, while the values of D and h were scattered in their variation regions. In comparison to the original model, a representative global optimal point increased the Vvapor by 156% and decreased the M→z by 14%. The corresponding improved mechanism was revealed by analyzing the flow field. The findings of this work can strongly support the fundamental understanding, design, and application of ARHCRs for process intensifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Sun
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China.
| | - Ze Yang
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China.
| | - Xuesong Wei
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China.
| | - Yang Tao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Grzegorz Boczkaj
- Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk 80-233, Poland.
| | - Joon Yong Yoon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea.
| | - Xiaoxu Xuan
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China.
| | - Songying Chen
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China.
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14
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Gostiša J, Zupanc M, Dular M, Širok B, Levstek M, Bizjan B. Investigation into cavitational intensity and COD reduction performance of the pinned disc reactor with various rotor-stator arrangements. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 77:105669. [PMID: 34303127 PMCID: PMC8327660 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the hydrodynamic cavitation and wastewater treatment performance of a rotary generator with pin disk for hydrodynamic cavitation are investigated. Various geometrical features and arrangements of rotor and stator pins were evaluated to improve the configuration of the cavitation device. The pilot device used to perform the experiments was upgraded with a transparent cover that allows visualization of the hydrodynamic cavitation in the rotor-stator region with high-speed camera and simultaneous measurement of pressure fluctuations. Based on the hydrodynamic characteristics, three arrangements were selected and evaluated with respect to the chemical effects of cavitation on a 200-liter wastewater influent sample. The experimental results show that the rotational speed and the spacing of the rotor pins have the most significant effect on the cavitation intensity and effectiveness, while the pin diameter and the surface roughness are less significant design parameters. Cavitation intensity increases with pin velocity, but can be inhibited if the pins are arranged too close together. At best configuration, COD was reduced by 31% in 15 liquid passes, consuming 8.2 kWh/kg COD. The number of liquid passes also proved to be an important process parameter for improving the energy efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurij Gostiša
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mojca Zupanc
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matevž Dular
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Brane Širok
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marjetka Levstek
- JP CCN Domzale-Kamnik d.o.o., Domzale-Kamnik WWTP, Domzale, Slovenia
| | - Benjamin Bizjan
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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15
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Sun X, Wang Z, Xuan X, Ji L, Li X, Tao Y, Boczkaj G, Zhao S, Yoon JY, Chen S. Disinfection characteristics of an advanced rotational hydrodynamic cavitation reactor in pilot scale. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 73:105543. [PMID: 33845245 PMCID: PMC8059091 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Hydrodynamic cavitation is a promising technique for water disinfection. In the present paper, the disinfection characteristics of an advanced hydrodynamic cavitation reactor (ARHCR) in pilot scale were studied. The effects of various flow rates (1.4-2.6 m3/h) and rotational speeds (2600-4200 rpm) on the removal of Escherichia coli (E. coli) were revealed and analyzed. The variation regularities of the log reduction and reaction rate constant at various cavitation numbers were established. A disinfection rate of 100% was achieved in only 4 min for 15 L of simulated effluent under 4200 rpm and 1.4 m3/h, with energy efficiency at 0.0499 kWh/L. A comprehensive comparison with previously introduced HCRs demonstrates the superior performance of the presented ARHCR system. The morphological changes in E. coli were studied by scanning electron microscopy. The results indicate that the ARHCR can lead to serious cleavage and surface damages to E. coli, which cannot be obtained by conventional HCRs. Finally, a possible damage mechanism of the ARHCR, including both the hydrodynamical and sonochemical effects, was proposed. The findings of the present study can provide strong support to the fundamental understanding and applications of ARHCRs for water disinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Sun
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China.
| | - Zhengquan Wang
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China.
| | - Xiaoxu Xuan
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China.
| | - Li Ji
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China.
| | - Xuewen Li
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China.
| | - Yang Tao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Grzegorz Boczkaj
- Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk 80-233, Poland.
| | - Shan Zhao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Joon Yong Yoon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea.
| | - Songying Chen
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China.
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16
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Gostiša J, Širok B, Repinc SK, Levstek M, Stražar M, Bizjan B, Zupanc M. Performance evaluation of a novel pilot-scale pinned disc rotating generator of hydrodynamic cavitation. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 72:105431. [PMID: 33383544 PMCID: PMC7803817 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates hydrodynamic performance of a novel pinned disc rotating generator of hydrodynamic cavitation in comparison with a serrated disc variant on a pilot-scale. Experimental results show that at a given rotational speed and liquid flow rate, the pinned disc generates more intense cavitation (i.e. lower cavitation number, higher volume fraction of vapor and higher amplitude of pressure fluctuations) than the serrated disc, while also consuming less energy per liquid pass (i.e., higher flow rate and pumping pressure difference of water at similar power consumption). Additionally, mechanical and chemical wastewater treatment performance of the novel cavitator was evaluated on an 800 L influent sample from a wastewater treatment plant. Mechanical effects resulted in a reduction of average particle size from 148 to 38 µm and increase of specific surface area, while the oxidation potential was confirmed by reduction of COD, TOC, and BOD up to 27, 23 and 30% in 60 cavitation passes, respectively. At optimal operating conditions and 30 cavitation passes, pinned disc cavitator had a 310% higher COD removal capacity while consuming 65% less energy per kg of COD removed than the serrated disc cavitator. Furthermore, the specific COD-reduction energy consumption of the pinned disc cavitator on the pilot scale is comparable to the best cases of lab-scale orifice and venturi devices operating at much lower wastewater processing capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurij Gostiša
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Brane Širok
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sabina Kolbl Repinc
- Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marjetka Levstek
- JP CCN Domzale-Kamnik d.o.o., Domzale-Kamnik WWTP, Domzale, Slovenia
| | - Marjetka Stražar
- JP CCN Domzale-Kamnik d.o.o., Domzale-Kamnik WWTP, Domzale, Slovenia
| | - Benjamin Bizjan
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mojca Zupanc
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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17
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Sun X, Xuan X, Ji L, Chen S, Liu J, Zhao S, Park S, Yoon JY, Om AS. A novel continuous hydrodynamic cavitation technology for the inactivation of pathogens in milk. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 71:105382. [PMID: 33276234 PMCID: PMC7786570 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydrodynamic cavitation is a powerful tool for the enhancement of various processing applications. This study utilizes continuous hydrodynamic cavitation (CHC) for the inactivation of pathogens in milk for the first time. The thermal characteristics, inactivation performance, damage on the nutritional composition, product safety, and cost of the advanced rotational hydrodynamic cavitation reactor at pilot scale were comprehensively investigated. The inactivation results demonstrated that 5.89, 5.53, and 2.99 ± 0.08 log reductions of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus were achieved, respectively, at a final treatment temperature of 70 °C for 1-2 s. Moreover, the detrimental effect of CHC on the nutritional composition of milk, including mineral, fat, protein, and vitamin contents, was similar to that of high-temperature short-time method. The change in the concentrations of general bacteria and E. coli, as well as the pH value and acidity of the CHC treated milk stored at 5 °C for 14 days was found to be close to that of low-temperature long-time pasteurized milk. The cost of the present CHC treatment was $0.00268/L with a production rate of 4.2 L/min. CHC appears to be a remarkable method for the continuous processing of milk, as well as other liquid foods with high nutrition and "fresh-picked" flavor, due to its high efficacy, good scalability, high production capacity, and low operating and equipment costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Sun
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China.
| | - Xiaoxu Xuan
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China.
| | - Li Ji
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China.
| | - Songying Chen
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China.
| | - Jingting Liu
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China.
| | - Shan Zhao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Seulgi Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Joon Yong Yoon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ae Son Om
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Sun X, Xuan X, Song Y, Jia X, Ji L, Zhao S, Yong Yoon J, Chen S, Liu J, Wang G. Experimental and numerical studies on the cavitation in an advanced rotational hydrodynamic cavitation reactor for water treatment. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 70:105311. [PMID: 32871384 PMCID: PMC7786598 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) has emerged as one of the most potential technologies for industrial-scale water treatment. The advanced rotational hydrodynamic cavitation reactors (ARHCRs) that appeared recently have shown their high effectiveness and economical efficiency compared with conventional devices. For the interaction-type ARHCRs where cavitation is generated from the interaction between the cavitation generation units (CGUs) located on the rotor and the stator, their flow field, cavitation generation mechanism, and interaction process are still not well defined. The present study experimentally and numerically investigated the cavitation flow characteristics in a representative interaction-type ARHCR which has been proposed in the past. The cavitation generation mechanism and development process, which was categorized into "coinciding", "leaving", and "approaching" stages, were analyzed explicitly with experimental flow visualization and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. The changes in the cavitation pattern, area ratio, and sheet cavitation length showed high periodicity with a period of 0.5 ms/cycle at a rotational speed of 3,600 rpm in the flow visualization. The experimental and CFD results indicated that sheet cavitation can be generated on the downstream sides of both the moving and the static CGUs. The sheet cavitation was induced and continuously enlarged in the "leaving" and "approaching" stages and was crushed after the moving CGUs coincided with the static CGUs. In addition, vortex cavitation was formed in the vortex center of each CGU due to high-speed rotating fluid motion. The shape and size of the vortex cavitation were determined by the compression effect produced by the interaction. The findings of this work are important for the fundamental understanding, design, and application of the ARHCRs in water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Sun
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China.
| | - Xiaoxu Xuan
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China.
| | - Yongxing Song
- School of Thermal Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250061, China.
| | - Xiaoqi Jia
- National-Provincial Joint Engineering Laboratory for Fluid Transmission System Technology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Li Ji
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China.
| | - Shan Zhao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Joon Yong Yoon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea.
| | - Songying Chen
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China.
| | - Jingting Liu
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China.
| | - Guichao Wang
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China.
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19
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Mane MB, Bhandari VM, Balapure K, Ranade VV. Destroying antimicrobial resistant bacteria (AMR) and difficult, opportunistic pathogen using cavitation and natural oils/plant extract. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2020; 69:105272. [PMID: 32739732 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study reports, for the first time, a new and techno-economic strategy for effective removal of antimicrobial resistant bacteria (AMR) and difficult, opportunistic pathogen using cavitation and natural oils/plant extract. A hybrid methodology using natural oils of known health benefits has been discussed in combination with conventional physico-chemical method of hydrodynamic cavitation that not only provides efficient and effective water disinfection, but also eliminates harmful effects of conventional methods such as formation of disinfection by-products apart from reducing cost of treatment. A proof-of concept is demonstrated by achieving exceptionally high rates for practically complete removal of antimicrobial resistant (AMR) and relatively less researched, gram-negative opportunistic pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and gram-positive methicillin resistant, Staphylococcus aureus using a natural oil-Peppermint oil and two different cavitating reactors employing vortex flow (vortex diode) and linear flow (orifice) for hydrodynamic cavitation. >99% disinfection could be obtained, typically in less than 10 min, using vortex diode with operating pressure drop of 1 bar and low dose of 0.1% peppermint oil as an additive, depicting very high rates of disinfection. The rate of disinfection can be further increased by using simple aeration which can result in significant lowering of oil dose. The conventional device, orifice requires relatively higher pressure drop of 2 bar and comparatively more time (~20 min) for disinfection. The cost of the disinfection was also found to be significantly lower compared to most conventional processes indicating techno-economic feasibility in employing the developed hybrid method of disinfection for effectively eliminating bacteria including AMR bacteria from water. The developed approach not only highlights importance of going back to nature for not just conventional water disinfection, but also for eliminating hazardous AMR bacteria and may also find utility in many other applications for the removal of antimicrobial bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya B Mane
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NCL Pune, India
| | - Vinay M Bhandari
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NCL Pune, India.
| | - Kshama Balapure
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
| | - Vivek V Ranade
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
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20
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Sun X, Jia X, Liu J, Wang G, Zhao S, Ji L, Yong Yoon J, Chen S. Investigation on the characteristics of an advanced rotational hydrodynamic cavitation reactor for water treatment. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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21
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Sun X, Liu J, Ji L, Wang G, Zhao S, Yoon JY, Chen S. A review on hydrodynamic cavitation disinfection: The current state of knowledge. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 737:139606. [PMID: 32783818 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Disinfection, which aims to eliminate pathogenic microorganisms, is an essential step of water treatment. Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) has emerged as a promising technology for large-scale disinfection without introducing new chemicals. HC, which can effectively induce sonochemistry by mechanical means, creates extraordinary conditions of pressures of ~1000 bar, local hotspots with ~5000 K, and high oxidation (hydroxyl radicals) in room environment. These conditions can produce highly destructive effects on microorganisms in water. In addition, the enhancements of chemical reactions and mass transfers by HC produce the synergism between HC and disinfectants or other physical treatment methods. HC is generated by hydrodynamic cavitation reactors (HCRs), therefore, their performance basically determines the effectiveness, economical efficiency, and applicability of HC disinfection. Therefore, developing high-performance HCRs and revealing the corresponding disinfection mechanisms are the most crucial issues today. In this review, we summarize the fundamental principles of HC and HCRs and recent development in HC disinfection. The energy release from cavitation phenomenon and corresponding mechanisms are elaborated. The performance (effectiveness, treatment ratio, and cost) of various HCRs, effects of treatment conditions on performance, and applicability of HC disinfection are evaluated and discussed. Finally, recommendations are provided for the future progress based on the analysis of previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Sun
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education at Shandong University, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, 17923, Jingshi Road, Jinan, Shandong Province 250061, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jingting Liu
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education at Shandong University, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, 17923, Jingshi Road, Jinan, Shandong Province 250061, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Ji
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education at Shandong University, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, 17923, Jingshi Road, Jinan, Shandong Province 250061, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guichao Wang
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education at Shandong University, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, 17923, Jingshi Road, Jinan, Shandong Province 250061, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shan Zhao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University,72 Jimobinhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266237, People's Republic of China.
| | - Joon Yong Yoon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, 55, Hanyangdaehak-ro, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea.
| | - Songying Chen
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education at Shandong University, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, 17923, Jingshi Road, Jinan, Shandong Province 250061, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Lu T, Xu X, Zhang S, Pan L, Wang Y, Alshehri SM, Ahamad T, Kim M, Na J, Hossain MSA, Shapter JG, Yamauchi Y. High-Performance Capacitive Deionization by Lignocellulose-Derived Eco-Friendly Porous Carbon Materials. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20200055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Xingtao Xu
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Shuaihua Zhang
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Likun Pan
- School of Physics and Electronic Science & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, P. R. China
| | - Saad M. Alshehri
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tansir Ahamad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Minjun Kim
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jongbeom Na
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Md. Shahriar A. Hossain
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Information Technology (EAIT), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Joseph G. Shapter
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Yusuke Yamauchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Information Technology (EAIT), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Department of Plant & Environmental New Resources, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, South Korea
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23
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Koval I, Starchevskyy V. Gas Nature Effect on the Destruction of Various Microorganisms Under Cavitation Action. CHEMISTRY & CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.23939/chcht14.02.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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24
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Sun X, Chen S, Liu J, Zhao S, Yoon JY. Hydrodynamic Cavitation: A Promising Technology for Industrial-Scale Synthesis of Nanomaterials. Front Chem 2020; 8:259. [PMID: 32351937 PMCID: PMC7174716 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most challenging issues for the large-scale application of nanomaterials, especially nanocarbons, is the lack of industrial synthetic methods. Sonochemistry, which creates an extreme condition of high pressure and temperature, has been thereby applied for synthesizing a wide variety of unusual nanostructured materials. Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC), characterized by high effectiveness, good scalability, and synergistic effect with other physical and chemical methods, has emerged as the promising sonochemistry technology for industrial-scale applications. Recently, it was reported that HC can not only significantly enhance the performance of biochar, but also preserve or improve the respective chemical composition. Moreover, the economic efficiency was found to be at least one order of magnitude higher than that of conventional methods. Due to the great potential of HC in the industrial-scale synthesis of nanomaterials, the present perspective focuses on the mechanism of sonochemistry, advances in HC applications, and development of hydrodynamic cavitation reactors, which is supposed to contribute to the fundamental understanding of this novel technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Sun
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education at Shandong University, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Songying Chen
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education at Shandong University, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jingting Liu
- Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Mechanical Manufacture, Ministry of Education, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical Engineering Education at Shandong University, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shan Zhao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Joon Yong Yoon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, South Korea
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25
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Mane MB, Bhandari VM, Balapure K, Ranade VV. A novel hybrid cavitation process for enhancing and altering rate of disinfection by use of natural oils derived from plants. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2020; 61:104820. [PMID: 31675658 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.104820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study is an attempt to improvise the hydrodynamic cavitation methodology for effective disinfection of water and also to suggest prototype development for practical application. The enhancement in the disinfection efficiency was evaluated specifically for the effect of pressure, temperature, pH, microbial inoculum size and also on effect of different additives for the two model microbial strains, gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus). The efficacy of the hydrodynamic cavitation is evaluated for the two types of flows/cavitation devices - linear flow in the case of orifice and vortex flow for vortex diode. The vortex diode requires significantly lower pressures, 50% lower as compared to orifice for the similar extent of disinfection. While the bacterial disinfection at high temperature is known, the usefulness of hydrodynamic cavitation is especially evident at ambient conditions and the process is effective even at very high concentrations of bacteria, not reported so far. The reactor geometry also has significant effect on the disinfection. The present study, for the first time, reports possible use of different natural oils such as castor oil, cinnamon oil, eucalyptus oil and clove oil in conjunction with hydrodynamic cavitation. The nature of oil modifies the cavitation behavior and an order of magnitude enhancement in the cavitation rate was observed for the two oils, eucalyptus and clove oil for a very small concentration of 0.1%. The increased rates of disinfection, of the order of 2-4 folds, using oil can drastically reduce the time of operation and consequently reduce cost of disinfection. A possible mechanism is proposed for the effect of oil and hydrodynamic cavitation in cell destruction through the rupture of cell wall, oxidative damage and possible DNA denaturation. A cavitation model using per pass disinfection was used to correlate the data. The increased efficiency using oils and possible benefits of the developed process, where natural oils can be perceived as biocatalysts, can have significant advantages in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya B Mane
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NCL Pune, India
| | - Vinay M Bhandari
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NCL Pune, India.
| | - Kshama Balapure
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
| | - Vivek V Ranade
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
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26
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Pandur Ž, Dogsa I, Dular M, Stopar D. Liposome destruction by hydrodynamic cavitation in comparison to chemical, physical and mechanical treatments. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2020; 61:104826. [PMID: 31670247 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.104826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Liposomes are widely applied in research, diagnostics, medicine and in industry. In this study we show for the first time the effect of hydrodynamic cavitation on liposome stability and compare it to the effect of well described chemical, physical and mechanical treatments. Fluorescein loaded giant 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) lipid vesicles were treated with hydrodynamic cavitation as promising method in inactivation of biological samples. Hydrodynamic treatment was compared to various chemical, physical and mechanical stressors such as ionic strength and osmolarity agents (glucose, Na+, Ca2+, and Fe3+), free radicals, shear stresses (pipetting, vortex mixing, rotational shear stress), high pressure, electroporation, centrifugation, surface active agents (Triton X-100, ethanol), microwave irradiation, heating, freezing-thawing, ultrasound (ultrasonic bath, sonotrode). The fluorescence intensity of individual fluorescein loaded lipid vesicles was measured with confocal laser microscopy. The distribution of lipid vesicle size, vesicle fluorescence intensity, and the number of fluorescein loaded vesicles was determined before and after treatment with different stressors. The different environmental stressors were ranked in order of their relative effect on liposome fluorescein release. Of all tested chemical, physical and mechanical treatments for stability of lipid vesicles, the most detrimental effect on vesicles stability had hydrodynamic cavitation, vortex mixing with glass beads and ultrasound. Here we showed, for the first time that hydrodynamic cavitation was among the most effective physico-chemical treatments in destroying lipid vesicles. This work provides a benchmark for lipid vesicle robustness to a variety of different physico-chemical and mechanical parameters important in lipid vesicle preparation and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Žiga Pandur
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Večna pot 111, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia; University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Aškerčeva 6, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Iztok Dogsa
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Večna pot 111, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Matevž Dular
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Aškerčeva 6, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - David Stopar
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Večna pot 111, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia.
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27
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Li G, Yi L, Wang J, Song Y. Hydrodynamic cavitation degradation of Rhodamine B assisted by Fe 3+-doped TiO 2: Mechanisms, geometric and operation parameters. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2020; 60:104806. [PMID: 31563794 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.104806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a novel method, hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) combined with Fe3+-doped TiO2, for the degradation of organic pollutants in aqueous solution is reported. The venturi tubes with different geometric parameters (size, shape and half divergent angle) are designed to obtain a strong HC effect. The structure, morphology and chemical composition of prepared Fe3+-doped TiO2 as catalyst are characterized via using XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, UV-vis DRS and PL methods. The effects of added TiO2 (heat-treated at different temperatures for different times) and Fe3+-doped TiO2 (with different mole ratios of Fe and Ti) on the HC catalytic degradation of RhB are discussed. The influences of operation parameters including inlet pressure, initial RhB concentration and operating temperature on the HC catalytic degradation of RhB are studied by Box-Behnken design (BBD) and response surface methodology (RSM). Under 3.0 bar inlet pressure for 10 mg/L initial concentration of RhB solution at 40 °C operating temperature in the presence of Fe3+-doped TiO2 with 0.05:1.00 M ratio of Fe and Ti, the best HC degradation ratio can be obtained (91.11%). Furthermore, a possible mechanism of HC degradation of organic pollutants in the presence of Fe3+-doped TiO2 is proposed. Perhaps, this study may provide a feasible method for a large-scale treatment of dye wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanshu Li
- College of Environment, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China
| | - Ludong Yi
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Environment, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China; College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China.
| | - Youtao Song
- College of Environment, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China.
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28
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Abstract
Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) is a green technology that has been successfully used to intensify a number of process. The cavitation phenomenon is responsible for many effects, including improvements in mass transfer rates and effective cell-wall rupture, leading to matrix disintegration. HC is a promising strategy for extraction processes and provides the fast and efficient recovery of valuable compounds from plants and biomass with high quality. It is a simple method with high energy efficiency that shows great potential for large-scale operations. This review presents a general discussion of the mechanisms of HC, its advantages, different reactor configurations, its applications in the extraction of bioactive compounds from plants, lipids from algal biomass and delignification of lignocellulosic biomass, and a case study in which the HC extraction of basil leftovers is compared with that of other extraction methods.
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29
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Experimental Investigation of Sludge Treatment Using a Rotor-Stator Type Hydrodynamic Cavitation Reactor and an Ultrasonic Bath. Processes (Basel) 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/pr7110790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present work, the sludge treatment performance of a sludge treatment using a rotor-stator type hydrodynamic cavitation reactor (HCR) was investigated. To verify the performance, a comparison with an ultrasonic bath was conducted in four experimental cases using three assessment factors. The HCR consisted of a rotor and three covers with inserted dimples resulting in variation of the cross-sectional area in a flow. The experimental cases were established using the same energy consumption for each device. Disintegration performance was analyzed with assessment factors using particle size distribution and sludge volume index (SVI), oxidation performance using total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) and volatile suspended solids (VSS) reduction rate, as well as solubilization rate using soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD). As a result, the particle disintegration and oxidation performance of the HCR were generally superior to those of the ultrasonic bath. However, due to the contradictory interactions of these factors, the solubilization rate of the two devices was measured similarly as 42.3% and 41.4% for each device. Results of the current study proved that the HCR can be an effective, promising and clean sludge treatment technique for use in wastewater treatment plants.
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30
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Zupanc M, Pandur Ž, Stepišnik Perdih T, Stopar D, Petkovšek M, Dular M. Effects of cavitation on different microorganisms: The current understanding of the mechanisms taking place behind the phenomenon. A review and proposals for further research. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2019; 57:147-165. [PMID: 31208610 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A sudden decrease in pressure triggers the formation of vapour and gas bubbles inside a liquid medium (also called cavitation). This leads to many (key) engineering problems: material loss, noise, and vibration of hydraulic machinery. On the other hand, cavitation is a potentially useful phenomenon: the extreme conditions are increasingly used for a wide variety of applications such as surface cleaning, enhanced chemistry, and wastewater treatment (bacteria eradication and virus inactivation). Despite this significant progress, a large gap persists between the understanding of the mechanisms that contribute to the effects of cavitation and its application. Although engineers are already commercializing devices that employ cavitation, we are still not able to answer the fundamental question: What precisely are the mechanisms how bubbles can clean, disinfect, kill bacteria and enhance chemical activity? The present paper is a thorough review of the recent (from 2005 onward) work done in the fields of cavitation-assisted microorganism's destruction and aims to serve as a foundation to build on in the next years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojca Zupanc
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Askerceva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Žiga Pandur
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Askerceva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tadej Stepišnik Perdih
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Askerceva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - David Stopar
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Martin Petkovšek
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Askerceva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matevž Dular
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Askerceva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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31
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Holkar CR, Jadhav AJ, Pinjari DV, Pandit AB. Cavitationally Driven Transformations: A Technique of Process Intensification. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b04524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chandrakant R. Holkar
- Chemical Engineering Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Road, Matunga (E), Mumbai, 400019, Maharashtra India
| | - Ananda J. Jadhav
- Chemical Engineering Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Road, Matunga (E), Mumbai, 400019, Maharashtra India
| | - Dipak V. Pinjari
- National Centre for Nano Sciences and Nanotechnology, University of Mumbai, Kalina Campus, Kalina, Santacruz (E), Mumbai, 400098, Maharashtra India
| | - Aniruddha B. Pandit
- Chemical Engineering Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Road, Matunga (E), Mumbai, 400019, Maharashtra India
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32
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Kim HS, Lee SH, Koo B, Sun X, Yoon JY. WITHDRAWN: Experimental Evaluation of Waste Activated Sludge Treatment Performance in a Rotational Hydrodynamic Cavitation Generator. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2018:104439. [PMID: 30639204 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Soo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Design Engineering, University of Hanyang, 55, Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangrok-gu, Ansan,Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ho Lee
- Department of Mechanical Design Engineering, University of Hanyang, 55, Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangrok-gu, Ansan,Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Bonchan Koo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hanyang, 55, Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangrok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Xun Sun
- Department of Mechanical Design Engineering, University of Hanyang, 55, Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangrok-gu, Ansan,Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Yong Yoon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hanyang, 55, Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangrok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
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33
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Kim HS, Lee SH, Sun X, Yoon JY. WITHDRAWN: Experimental Study of Waste Activated Sludge Treatment Using a Rotational Hydrodynamic Cavitation Generator and Ultrasonication. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2018:S1350-4177(18)31120-9. [PMID: 30559075 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Soo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Design Engineering, University of Hanyang, 55, Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangrok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ho Lee
- Department of Mechanical Design Engineering, University of Hanyang, 55, Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangrok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Xun Sun
- Department of Mechanical Design Engineering, University of Hanyang, 55, Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangrok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Yong Yoon
- Department of Mechanical Design Engineering, University of Hanyang, 55, Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangrok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
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