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Rasheed PA, Ankitha M, Pillai VK, Alwarappan S. Graphene quantum dots for biosensing and bioimaging. RSC Adv 2024; 14:16001-16023. [PMID: 38765479 PMCID: PMC11099990 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01431f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Graphene Quantum Dots (GQDs) are low dimensional carbon based materials with interesting physical, chemical and biological properties that enable their applications in numerous fields. GQDs possess unique electronic structures that impart special functional attributes such as tunable optical/electrical properties in addition to heteroatom-doping and more importantly a propensity for surface functionalization for applications in biosensing and bioimaging. Herein, we review the recent advancements in the top-down and bottom-up approaches for the synthesis of GQDs. Following this, we present a detailed review of the various surface properties of GQDs and their applications in bioimaging and biosensing. GQDs have been used for fluorescence imaging for visualizing tumours and monitoring the therapeutic responses in addition to magnetic resonance imaging applications. Similarly, the photoluminescence based biosensing applications of GQDs for the detection of hydrogen peroxide, micro RNA, DNA, horse radish peroxidase, heavy metal ions, negatively charged ions, cardiac troponin, etc. are discussed in this review. Finally, we conclude the review with a discussion on future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Abdul Rasheed
- Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad Palakkad Kerala 678 557 India
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad Palakkad Kerala 678 557 India
| | - Menon Ankitha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad Palakkad Kerala 678 557 India
| | - Vijayamohanan K Pillai
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Rami Reddy Nagar Mangalam Tirupati AP 517507 India
| | - Subbiah Alwarappan
- Electrodics & Electrocatalysis Division, CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute Karaikudi 630003 Tamilnadu India
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Moço ACR, Gomide JAL, Flauzino JMR, Brussasco JG, Luz LFG, Soares MMCN, Madurro JM, Brito-Madurro AG. Fentogram electrochemical detection of HIV RNA based on graphene quantum dots and gold nanoparticles. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 242:116025. [PMID: 38422670 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
This work reports the construction of an HIV-specific genosensor through the modification of carbon screen-printed electrodes (CSPE) with graphene quantum dots decorated with L-cysteine and gold nanoparticles (cys-GQDs/AuNps). Cys-GQDs were characterized by FT-IR and UV-vis spectra and electronic properties of the modified electrodes were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The modification of the electrode surface with cys-GQDs and AuNps increased the electrochemical performance of the electrode, improving the electron transfer of the anionic redox probe [Fe(CN)6]3-/4- on the electrochemical platform. When compared to the bare surface, the modified electrode showed a 1.7 times increase in effective electrode area and a 29 times decrease in charge transfer resistance. The genosensor response was performed by differential pulse voltammetry, monitoring the current response of the anionic redox probe, confirmed with real genomic RNA samples, making it possible to detect 1 fg/mL. In addition, the genosensor maintained its response for 60 days at room temperature. This new genosensor platform for early detection of HIV, based on the modification of the electrode surface with cys-GQDs and AuNps, discriminates between HIV-negative and positive samples, showing a low detection limit, as well as good specificity and stability, which are relevant properties for commercial application of biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C R Moço
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38405-319 Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - José A L Gomide
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38405-319 Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jose M R Flauzino
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38405-319 Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jéssica G Brussasco
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38405-319 Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luiz F G Luz
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38405-319 Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Márcia M C N Soares
- Adolfo Lutz Institute, Regional Laboratory, 15061-020 São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João M Madurro
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38400-902 Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana G Brito-Madurro
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlândia, 38405-319 Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Guo H, Yang Z, Sun L, Lu Z, Wei X, Wang M, Yu Z, Yang W. Imine-linked covalent organic framework with high crystallinity for constructing sensitive purine bases electrochemical sensor. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 659:639-649. [PMID: 38198941 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.12.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
In this work, a covalent organic framework (TADM-COF) with high crystallinity and large specific surface area (2597 m2 g-1) has been successfully synthesized using 1,3,5-(4-aminophenyl) benzene (TAPB) and 2,5-dimethoxy-p-phenyldiformaldehyde (DMTP). The COF was grown in situ on oxide particles to form core-shell nanocomposites (SiO2@TADM COF, Fe3O4@TADM COF and Co3O4@TADM COF) to realize its function as a shell material. Among them, the Co3O4@TADM COF with the highest electrochemical response to purine bases was further cross-linked with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) to construct a novel electrochemical sensor (Co3O4@TADM COF/MWCNT/GCE) for detection of purine bases. In this nanocomposite, Co3O4 possesses rich catalytic active sites, MWCNT ensures superior electrical conductivity and COF provides a stable environment for electrocatalytic reactions as the shell. At the same time, regular pore structure of the COFs also offers smooth channels for the transfer of analytes to the catalytic site. The synergistic effect among the three components showed remarkable sensing performance for the simultaneous detection of guanine (G) and adenine (A) with a wide linear range of 0.6-180 μM and low limits of detection (LODs) of 0.020 μM for G and 0.024 μM for A (S/N = 3), respectively. The developed sensor platform was also successfully applied in the detection of purine bases in thermally denatured herring DNA extract. The work provided a general strategy for amplifying signal of COF and its composite in the electrochemical sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, Lanzhou 730070, PR China.
| | - Zeyun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Lei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Zongyan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Xiaoqin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Mingyue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Zhiguo Yu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Wu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Lab of Bioelectrochemistry and Environmental Analysis of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, Lanzhou 730070, PR China.
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Gan M, Yao R, Wang B, Li J, Wang N, Choi MMF, Bian W. 3-aminophenylboronic acid modified carbon nitride quantum dots as fluorescent probe for selective detection of dopamine and cell imaging. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2024; 12:025001. [PMID: 38118181 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/ad17a1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) is the most abundant catecholamine neurotransmitter in the brain and plays an extremely essential role in the physiological activities of the living organism. There is a critical need for accurately and efficiently detecting DA levels in organisms in order to reflect physiological states. Carbon nitride quantum dots (C3N4) were, in recent years, used enormously as electrochemical and fluorescence probes for the detection of metal ions, biomarkers and other environmental or food impurities due to their unique advantageous optical and electronic properties. 3-Aminophenylboronic acid (3-APBA) can specifically combine with DA through an aggregation effect, providing an effective DA detection method. In this work, 3-APBA modified carbon nitride quantum dots (3-APBA-CNQDs) were synthesized from urea and sodium citrate. The structure, chemical composition and optical properties of 3-APBA-CNQDs were investigated by XRD, TEM, UV-visible, and FT-IR spectroscopy. The addition of DA could induce fluorescence quenching of 3-APBA-CNQDs possibly through the inner filter effect (IFE). 3-APBA-CNQDs shows better selectivity and sensitivity to DA than other interfering substances. By optimizing the experiment conditions, good linearity was obtained at 0.10-51μM DA with a low detection limit of 22.08 nM. More importantly, 3-APBA-CNQDs have been successfully applied for the detection of DA in human urine and blood samples as well as for bioimaging of intracellular DA. This study provides a promising novel method for the rapid detection of DA in real biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Gan
- Department of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Yao
- Department of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoping Wang
- Lvliang People's Hospital, Lvliang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiarong Li
- Lvliang People's Hospital, Lvliang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, People's Republic of China
| | - Martin M F Choi
- Bristol Chinese Christian Church, c/o Tyndale Baptist Church, 137-139 Whiteladies Road, Bristol BS8 2QG, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Bian
- Department of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong, People's Republic of China
- Lvliang People's Hospital, Lvliang, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
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Chen Z, Li H, Chen Z, Xuan X, Zhou B, Li M. Two-channel electrochemical immunosensor based on one-step-synthesized AuPt-boron-doped graphene electrode for CA153 detection. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 222:114974. [PMID: 36495718 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a novel dual-channel electrochemical immunosensor was fabricated via vertical growth of AuPt-decorated boron-doped graphene (AuPt-BG) nanosheets as a signal amplification platform to detect cancer antigen 153 (CA153). Highly open, porous AuPt-BG films were synthesized using one-step electron-assisted hot-filament chemical vapor deposition. The Au-Pt alloy nanoparticles were dispersed on BG nanosheets to improve their biocompatibility, and antibodies (Ab) were directly bonded to the AuPt-BG electrode. The architectures enlarged the loading of CA153Ab and efficiently catalyzed the Fe(CN)63-/4- reaction, ultimately amplifying the signals. This novel strategy allows the simultaneous detection of CA153 in the oxidation and reduction channels, improving the reliability of the detection results. The AuPt-BG-based immunosensor exhibited a lower detection limit (0.0012 mU mL-1, S/N = 3) and wider linear range (0.1-4 × 104 mU mL-1) along with improved reproducibility, selectivity, and stability for the assay of CA153. Owing to the high process controllability of AuPt-BG films, a large-area electrode for in-vitro analyses and a flexible microelectrode for in-vivo analyses were prepared, which confirmed that the AuPt-BG-based sensor is an ideal CA153 detection platform for clinical diagnosis and practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehua Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Bioimaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, PR China
| | - Hongji Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Bioimaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, PR China.
| | - Zheng Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Organic Solar Cells and Photochemical Conversion, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Bioimaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, PR China
| | - Xiuwei Xuan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Film Electronic and Communication Devices, Engineering Research Center of Optoelectronic Devices & Communication Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, PR China
| | - Baozeng Zhou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Film Electronic and Communication Devices, Engineering Research Center of Optoelectronic Devices & Communication Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, PR China
| | - Mingji Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Film Electronic and Communication Devices, Engineering Research Center of Optoelectronic Devices & Communication Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, PR China.
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Besford QA, Cavalieri F. Special issue on "Ultrasound-assisted engineering of materials for biomedical uses". ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2022; 90:106216. [PMID: 36371392 PMCID: PMC9678490 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.106216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Quinn A Besford
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Francesca Cavalieri
- RMIT University, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
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Graphene quantum dots: synthesis, properties, and applications to the development of optical and electrochemical sensors for chemical sensing. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:258. [PMID: 35701638 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05353-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
GQDs exhibits exceptional electrochemical activity owing to their active edge sites that make them very attractive for biosensing applications. However, their use in the design of new biosensing devices for application to the detection and quantification of toxins, pathogens, and clinical biomarkers has so far not investigated in detail. In this regard, herein we provide a detailed review on various methodologies employed for the synthesis of GQDs, including bottom-up and top-down approaches, with a special focus on their applications in biosensing via fluorescence, photoluminescence, chemiluminescence, electrochemiluminescence, fluorescence resonance energy transfer, and electrochemical techniques. We believe that this review will shed light on the critical issues and widen the applications of GQDs for the design of biosensors with improved analytical response for future applications. HIGHLIGHTS: • Properties of GQDs play a critical role in biosensing applications. • Synthesis of GQDs using top-down and bottom-up approaches is discussed comprehensively. • Overview of advancements in GQD-based sensors over the last decade. • Methods for the design of selective and sensitive GQD-based sensors. • Challenges and opportunities for future GQD-based sensors.
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Kaimal R, Senthilkumar P, Aljafari B, Anandan S. A nanosecond pulsed laser-ablated MWCNT-Au heterostructure: an innovative ultra-sensitive electrochemical sensing prototype for the identification of glutathione. Analyst 2022; 147:3894-3907. [DOI: 10.1039/d2an00967f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Here, a scheme that aptly describes the reduction of gold nanoparticles’ crystalline size on the surface of MWCNTs in an aqueous phase to generate a LAMWCNT-Au heterostructure, employing an Nd:YAG laser (energy = 505 mJ and λ = 1064 nm) is developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshma Kaimal
- Nanomaterials & Solar Energy Conversion Lab, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli-620015, India
| | - Periyathambi Senthilkumar
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary College, and Research Institute, TANUVAS, Tirunelveli 627358, India
| | - Belqasem Aljafari
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sambandam Anandan
- Nanomaterials & Solar Energy Conversion Lab, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli-620015, India
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