1
|
Okumus E. Effect of ultrasonic and conventional extraction on bioactive components, glucosinolate content and antidiabetic activity of Crambe tataria. Fitoterapia 2024; 178:106177. [PMID: 39122120 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine and compare the phenolic compounds, glucosinolate contents and antidiabetic effects of the extracts obtained by ultrasonic and conventional extraction method of the leaves and flowers of the Crambe tataria. The highest antioxidant activity (12.95 mg/mL IC50 value) and total phenolic content (1313.57 mg GAE/100 g fw) were detected in the ultrasonic flower extract. In total flavonoid results, extracts obtained from the flower part of C. tataria had higher values than that of extracts obtained from the leaf part. The most abundant phenolic component in the flower extract was catechin. The highest catechin content in all samples was detected in the ultrasonic flower extract with a value of 374.37 mg/kg. Rutin was the dominant phenolic component in the leaf extract. Rutin values were 654.38 mg/kg and 757.30 mg/kg for conventional and ultrasonic extraction, respectively. In glucosinolate analysis, the highest glucoraphanin content was obtained in flower samples and by conventional extraction method (3466.84 mg/kg). The highest contents of sinigrin (689.97 mg/kg), glucotropaeolin (420.89 mg/kg), glucoerucin (357.27 mg/kg), glucoraphasatin (181.11 mg/kg) and gluconasturtin (66.07 mg/kg) were detected in ultrasonic flower extracts. The highest α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition effects belonged to the ultrasonic flower extract with values of 3.70 mg/mL and 4.89 mg/mL, respectively. As a result, this study determined for the first time that ultrasonic extraction of C. tataria flowers has much higher bioactive components and antidiabetic effects, revealing the potential use of this plant in the fields of medicine, pharmacology and chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emine Okumus
- Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, Van, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gao R, Liu P, Bi J, Jiang Y, Zhao T, Yuan X, Zhang C, Wang Y. The Effects of Different Thiol-Containing Compounds on the Degradation of Sulforaphene. Molecules 2024; 29:4328. [PMID: 39339323 PMCID: PMC11434082 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29184328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Revised: 09/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Sulforaphene (4-methylsufinyl-3-butenyl isothiocyanate, SFE), produced by myrosinase hydrolysis of glucoraphenin (4-methylsulfinyl-3-butenyl glucosinolate) found in radish seeds, is strongly associated with cancer prevention. In this study, we investigated the stability of SFE (purity above 98%) under various thiol-containing compounds at 25 °C, such as sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), glutathione (GSH), and cysteine (Cys). We observed that the degradation of SFE was closely related to the presence and dissociation capacity of thiol-containing compounds in the solution, particularly the thiol group. We found that the degradation rate of SFE was influenced by incubation with NaHS, GSH, and Cys, with distinct degradation products detected for each of these thiol-containing compounds. Compared to GSH, sulfide and Cys played important roles in promoting the degradation of SFE. Furthermore, we found substantial quantities of hydrogen sulfide in conjunction with SFE during the hydrolysis process of seeds, and a heat treatment of the seeds resulted in increased production of SFE. However, the introduction of sulfide-oxidizing bacteria to the hydrolytic system did not exhibit any inhibitory effect on the degradation of SFE. These results provided a guideline for industries to improve the stability of SFE during preparation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Pingxiang Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Jingxiu Bi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yuying Jiang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xuexia Yuan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yutao Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
- Cooperative of Vegetable and Grain Cultivation, Liaocheng Yifeng Bloc, Liaocheng 252000, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Martínez-Zamora L, Hashemi S, Cano-Lamadrid M, Bueso MC, Aguayo E, Kessler M, Artés-Hernández F. Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Broccoli By-Products. Foods 2024; 13:1441. [PMID: 38790742 PMCID: PMC11120188 DOI: 10.3390/foods13101441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this work was to gain insight into the operating conditions that affect the efficiency of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) parameters to achieve the best recovery of bioactive compounds from broccoli leaf and floret byproducts. Therefore, total phenolic content (TPC) and the main sulfur bioactive compounds (sulforaphane (SFN) and glucosinolates (GLSs)) were assayed. Distilled water was used as solvent. For each byproduct type, solid/liquid ratio (1:25 and 2:25 g/mL), temperature (25, 40, and 55 °C), and extraction time (2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 15, and 20 min) were the studied variables to optimize the UAE process by using a kinetic and a cubic regression model. TPC was 12.5-fold higher in broccoli leaves than in florets, while SFN was from 2.5- to 4.5-fold higher in florets regarding the leaf's extracts obtained from the same plants, their precursors (GLS) being in similar amounts for both plant tissues. The most efficient extraction conditions were at 25 °C, ratio 2:25, and during 15 or 20 min according to the target phytochemical to extract. In conclusion, the type of plant tissue and used ratio significantly influenced the extraction of bioactive compounds, the most efficient UAE parameters being those with lower energy consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Martínez-Zamora
- Postharvest and Refrigeration Group, Department of Agricultural Engineering & Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, 30203 Cartagena, Murcia, Spain; (L.M.-Z.); (S.H.); (M.C.-L.); (E.A.)
- Department of Food Technology, Nutrition, and Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Murcia, 30071 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Seyedehzeinab Hashemi
- Postharvest and Refrigeration Group, Department of Agricultural Engineering & Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, 30203 Cartagena, Murcia, Spain; (L.M.-Z.); (S.H.); (M.C.-L.); (E.A.)
| | - Marina Cano-Lamadrid
- Postharvest and Refrigeration Group, Department of Agricultural Engineering & Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, 30203 Cartagena, Murcia, Spain; (L.M.-Z.); (S.H.); (M.C.-L.); (E.A.)
| | - María Carmen Bueso
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, 30202 Cartagena, Murcia, Spain; (M.C.B.); (M.K.)
| | - Encarna Aguayo
- Postharvest and Refrigeration Group, Department of Agricultural Engineering & Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, 30203 Cartagena, Murcia, Spain; (L.M.-Z.); (S.H.); (M.C.-L.); (E.A.)
| | - Mathieu Kessler
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, 30202 Cartagena, Murcia, Spain; (M.C.B.); (M.K.)
| | - Francisco Artés-Hernández
- Postharvest and Refrigeration Group, Department of Agricultural Engineering & Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, 30203 Cartagena, Murcia, Spain; (L.M.-Z.); (S.H.); (M.C.-L.); (E.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Deng Q, Chen S, Wu W, Zhang S, An C, Hu N, Han X. Ultrasound-Assisted Preparation and Performance Regulation of Electrocatalytic Materials. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300688. [PMID: 38199955 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
With the advancement of scientific research, the introduction of external physical methods not only adds extra freedom to the design of electro-catalytical processes for green technologies but also effectively improves the reactivity of materials. Physical methods can adjust the intrinsic activity of materials and modulate the local environment at the solid-liquid interface. In particular, this approach holds great promise in the field of electrocatalysis. Among them, the ultrasonic waves have shown reasonable control over the preparation of materials and the electrocatalytic process. However, the research on coupling ultrasonic waves and electrocatalysis is still early. The understanding of their mechanisms needs to be more comprehensive and deep enough. Firstly, this article extensively discusses the adhibition of the ultrasonic-assisted preparation of metal-based catalysts and their catalytic performance as electrocatalysts. The obtained metal-based catalysts exhibit improved electrocatalytic performances due to their high surface area and more exposed active sites. Additionally, this article also points out some urgent unresolved issues in the synthesis of materials using ultrasonic waves and the regulation of electrocatalytic performance. Lastly, the challenges and opportunities in this field are discussed, providing new insights for improving the catalytic performance of transition metal-based electrocatalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qibo Deng
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China
| | - Wenliu Wu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Cuihua An
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China
| | - Ning Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence Electrical Equipment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Intelligent Protective Equipment Technology, Ministry of Education, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China
| | - Xiaopeng Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Men X, Han X, Oh G, Im JH, Lim JS, Cho GH, Choi SI, Lee OH. Plant sources, extraction techniques, analytical methods, bioactivity, and bioavailability of sulforaphane: a review. Food Sci Biotechnol 2024; 33:539-556. [PMID: 38274178 PMCID: PMC10805900 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01434-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN) is an isothiocyanate commonly found in cruciferous vegetables. It is formed via the enzymatic hydrolysis of glucoraphanin by myrosinase. SFN exerts various biological effects, including anti-cancer, anti-oxidation, anti-obesity, and anti-inflammatory effects, and is widely used in functional foods and clinical medicine. However, the structure of SFN is unstable and easily degradable, and its production is easily affected by temperature, pH, and enzyme activity, which limit its application. Hence, several studies are investigating its physicochemical properties, stability, and biological activity to identify methods to increase its content. This article provides a comprehensive review of the plant sources, extraction and analysis techniques, in vitro and in vivo biological activities, and bioavailability of SFN. This article highlights the importance and provides a reference for the research and application of SFN in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Men
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Xionggao Han
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Geon Oh
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Im
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - June seok Lim
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Geun hee Cho
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Il Choi
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Hwan Lee
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhou J, Xu D, Cao J, Shi W, Zhang X, Lin H, Yin C, Li L, Xu D, Liu G. Facile Preparation of Magnetic COF-on-COF for Rapid Adsorption and Determination of Sulforaphane from Cruciferous Vegetables. Foods 2024; 13:409. [PMID: 38338544 PMCID: PMC10855713 DOI: 10.3390/foods13030409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN) is a natural isothiocyanate compound widely abundant in cruciferous vegetables with multiple bioactive functions. However, traditional analytical methods for the extraction and determination of SFN are cumbersome, time-consuming, and low sensitivity with large amounts of organic solvents. Herein, novel magnetic COF-on-COFs (MB-COFs) were fabricated using Fe3O4 as a magnetic core and COFs-1 grown with COFs-2 as a shell, and they were used as efficient adsorbents of magnetic dispersive solid-phase extraction for rapid quantification of SFN in cruciferous vegetables by combining with HPLC-MS/MS. At the optimal ratio of COFs-1 to COFs-2, MB-COFs had a spherical cluster-like structure and a rough surface, with a sufficient magnetic response for rapid magnetic separation (1 min). Due to the introduction of Fe3O4 and COFs-2, MB-COFs exhibited outstanding extraction efficiencies for SFN (92.5-97.3%), which was about 18-72% higher than that of the bare COFs. Moreover, MB-COFs showed good adsorption capacity (Qm of 18.0 mg/g), rapid adsorption (5 min) and desorption (30 s) to SFN, and favorable reusability (≥7 cycles) by virtue of their unique hierarchical porous structure. The adsorption kinetic data were well fitted by the pseudo-second-order, Ritchie-second-order, intra-particle diffusion, and Elovich models, while the adsorption isotherm data were highly consistent with the Langmuir, Temkin, and Redlich-Peterson models. Finally, under the optimized conditions, the developed method showed a wide linear range (0.001-0.5 mg/L), high sensitivity (limits of quantification of 0.18-0.31 μg/L), satisfactory recoveries (82.2-96.2%) and precisions (1.8-7.9%), and a negligible matrix effect (0.82-0.97). Compared to previous methods, the proposed method is faster and more sensitive and significantly reduces the use of organic solvents, which can achieve the efficient detection of large-scale samples in practical scenarios. This work reveals the high practical potential of MB-COFs as adsorbents for efficient extraction and sensitive analysis of SFN in cruciferous vegetables.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Beijing 100081, China (H.L.); (D.X.)
| | - Dan Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Jiayong Cao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Analysis-Testing for Agro-Products and Food, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - Weiye Shi
- Institute of Biological Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Analysis-Testing for Agro-Products and Food, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - Huan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Beijing 100081, China (H.L.); (D.X.)
| | - Chen Yin
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Analysis-Testing for Agro-Products and Food, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - Lingyun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Beijing 100081, China (H.L.); (D.X.)
| | - Donghui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Beijing 100081, China (H.L.); (D.X.)
| | - Guangyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Vegetables Quality and Safety Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China, Beijing 100081, China (H.L.); (D.X.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shen L, Pang S, Zhong M, Sun Y, Qayum A, Liu Y, Rashid A, Xu B, Liang Q, Ma H, Ren X. A comprehensive review of ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) for bioactive components: Principles, advantages, equipment, and combined technologies. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 101:106646. [PMID: 37862945 PMCID: PMC10594638 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
The increasing focus on health and well-being has sparked a rising interest in bioactive components in the food, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical industries. These components are gaining popularity due to their potential benefits for overall health. The growing interest has resulted in a continuous rise in demand for bioactive components, leading to the exploration of both edible and non-edible sources to obtain these valuable substances. Traditional extraction methods like solvent extraction, distillation, and pressing have certain drawbacks, including lower extraction efficiency, reduced yield, and the use of significant amounts of solvents or resources. Furthermore, certain extraction methods necessitate high temperatures, which can adversely affect certain bioactive components. Consequently, researchers are exploring non-thermal technologies to develop environmentally friendly and efficient extraction methods. Ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) is recognized as an environmentally friendly and highly efficient extraction technology. The UAE has the potential to minimize or eliminate the need for organic solvents, thereby reducing its impact on the environment. Additionally, UAE has been found to significantly enhance the production of target bioactive components, making it an attractive method in the industry. The emergence of ultrasonic assisted extraction equipment (UAEE) has presented novel opportunities for research in chemistry, biology, pharmaceuticals, food, and other related fields. However, there is still a need for further investigation into the main components and working modes of UAEE, as current understanding in this area remains limited. Therefore, additional research and exploration are necessary to enhance our knowledge and optimize the application of UAEE. The core aim of this review is to gain a comprehensive understanding of the principles, benefits and impact on bioactive components of UAE, explore the different types of equipment used in this technique, examine the various working modes and control parameters employed in UAE, and provide a detailed overview of the blending of UAE with other emerging extraction technologies. In conclusion, the future development of UAEE is envisioned to focus on achieving increased efficiency, reduced costs, enhanced safety, and improved reliability. These key areas of advancement aim to optimize the performance and practicality of UAEE, making it a more efficient, cost-effective, and reliable extraction technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lipeng Shen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Shuixiu Pang
- Zhongke Zhigu International Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (Guangdong) Co., Ltd, Guikeng Village, Chuangxing Avenue, Gaoxin District, Qingyuan, Guangdong 511538, China
| | - Mingming Zhong
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Yufan Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Abdul Qayum
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Yuxuan Liu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Arif Rashid
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Baoguo Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Qiufang Liang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Haile Ma
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China; Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Xiaofeng Ren
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China; Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Genus Brassica By-Products Revalorization with Green Technologies to Fortify Innovative Foods: A Scoping Review. Foods 2023; 12:foods12030561. [PMID: 36766089 PMCID: PMC9914545 DOI: 10.3390/foods12030561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Food losses and waste reduction are a worldwide challenge involving governments, researchers, and food industries. Therefore, by-product revalorization and the use of key extracted biocompounds to fortify innovative foods seems an interesting challenge to afford. The aim of this review is to evaluate and elucidate the scientific evidence on the use of green technologies to extract bioactive compounds from Brassica by-products with potential application in developing new foods. Scopus was used to search for indexed studies in JCR-ISI journals, while books, reviews, and non-indexed JCR journals were excluded. Broccoli, kale, cauliflower, cabbage, mustard, and radish, among others, have been deeply reviewed. Ultrasound and microwave-assisted extraction have been mostly used, but there are relevant studies using enzymes, supercritical fluids, ultrafiltration, or pressurized liquids that report a great extraction effectiveness and efficiency. However, predictive models must be developed to optimize the extraction procedures. Extracted biocompounds can be used, free or encapsulated, to develop, reformulate, and/or fortify new foods as a good tool to enhance healthiness while preserving their quality (nutritional, functional, and sensory) and safety. In the age of recycling and energy saving, more studies must evaluate the efficiency of the processes, the cost, and the environmental impact leading to the production of new foods and the sustainable extraction of phytochemicals.
Collapse
|
9
|
Ultrasounds and a Postharvest Photoperiod to Enhance the Synthesis of Sulforaphane and Antioxidants in Rocket Sprouts. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081490. [PMID: 36009208 PMCID: PMC9404791 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrasounds (US) and LED illumination are being studied to optimize yield and quality. The objective was to evaluate the effect of a pre-sowing US treatment combined with a postharvest photoperiod including LEDs on rocket sprouts’ quality and phytochemicals during shelf life. A US treatment (35 kHz; 30 min) applied to seeds and a postharvest photoperiod of 14 h fluorescent light (FL) + 10 h White (W), Blue (B), Red (R) LEDs or Darkness (D) were assayed. Antioxidants as phenolics and sulfur compounds (glucosinolates and isothiocyanates) were periodically monitored over 14 days at 5 °C. The US treatment increased the sulforaphane content by ~4-fold compared to CTRL seeds and sprouts. The phenolic acids and the flavonoid biosynthesis were enhanced by ~25%, ~30%, and ~55% under photoperiods with W, B, and R, respectively, compared to darkness. The total glucosinolate content was increased by >25% (W) and >45% (B and R) compared to darkness, which also reported increases of ~2.7-fold (W), ~3.6-fold (B), and ~8-fold (R) of the sulforaphane content as a main isothiocyanate. Postharvest lighting is an interesting tool to stimulate the secondary metabolism, while a US treatment was able to increase the sulforaphane content in seeds and sprouts, although no synergistic effect was reported.
Collapse
|