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Han Z, Cheng K, Pan Y, Chen F, Shao JH, Liu S, Sun Q, Wei S, Ji H. Influence of beeswax-based fish oil oleogels on the mechanism of water and oil retention in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) meat emulsion gels: Filling, emulsification and phase transition. Food Chem 2024; 458:140188. [PMID: 38964098 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Oleogels have been used in the gelled surimi products to replace animal fats due to its structure characteristics. The effect of structure characteristics in fish oil oleogels on the mechanism of oil/water retention was investigated in meat emulsions. Beeswax assembly improved the oil and water retention. The unsaturation degree of fatty acids lowered the mobility of bound water, immobilized water as well as bound fat in the fish oil oleogel, but enhanced the mobility of free water and protons of unsaturated fatty acids. Beeswax addition and oil phase characteristics could enhance β-sheets, disulfide bonds and hydrophobic force to improve the viscoelasticity, gel strength and oil/water retention. Beeswax assembly facilitated the tight micro-sol network and filling effect, and high unsaturation degree promoted the emulsification effect, thus reducing phase transition temperature and juice loss. The study could lay the foundation for development of gelled shrimp meat products with EPA and DHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongyuan Han
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Prefabricated Seafood Processing and Quality Control, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Kaixing Cheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Prefabricated Seafood Processing and Quality Control, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Yanmo Pan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Prefabricated Seafood Processing and Quality Control, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Fei Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Prefabricated Seafood Processing and Quality Control, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Jun-Hua Shao
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, PR China
| | - Shucheng Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Prefabricated Seafood Processing and Quality Control, Zhanjiang 524088, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
| | - Qinxiu Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Prefabricated Seafood Processing and Quality Control, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Shuai Wei
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Prefabricated Seafood Processing and Quality Control, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Hongwu Ji
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Prefabricated Seafood Processing and Quality Control, Zhanjiang 524088, China
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2
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Sun X, Yu Y, Saleh ASM, Akhtar KH, Li W, Zhang D, Wang Z. Conformational changes induced by selected flavor compounds from spices regulate the binding ability of myofibrillar proteins to aldehyde compounds. Food Chem 2024; 451:139455. [PMID: 38678659 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Interactions among flavor compounds from spices (FCS) and myofibrillar proteins (MP) were investigated. Fluorescence and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions were the main binding forces between FCS and MP. The FCS increased the particle size and SH content of MP and caused a reduction of zeta potential from -5.23 to -6.50 mV. Furthermore, FCS could modify the binding ability of MP and aldehydes. Eugenol reduced the ability of MP to bond with aldehydes by 22.70-47.87 %. Molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated that eugenol may combat nonanal to attain binding site of amino acid residue (PHE165) and induce protein conformational changes. Electrostatic interactions and van der Waals forces within myosin-nonanal may be disrupted by these alterations, which could reduce stability of complex and cause release of nonanal. This study could provide new insights into regulating the ability of proteins to release and hold flavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxiang Sun
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Integrated Laboratory of Processing Technology for Chinese Meat and Dish Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yumei Yu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Integrated Laboratory of Processing Technology for Chinese Meat and Dish Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ahmed S M Saleh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Kumayl Hassan Akhtar
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Integrated Laboratory of Processing Technology for Chinese Meat and Dish Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenhao Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Dequan Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Integrated Laboratory of Processing Technology for Chinese Meat and Dish Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Integrated Laboratory of Processing Technology for Chinese Meat and Dish Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China.
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Chinarak K, Wongnen C, Chaijan M, Tamman A, Donlao N, Cheong LZ, Worawan Panpipat. Unveiling the transformative influence of sonochemistry on formation of whey protein isolate and green tea extract (WPI-GTE) conjugates. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2024; 110:107037. [PMID: 39178554 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.107037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the formation of conjugates between whey protein isolate (WPI) and green tea extract (GTE) using three methods: redox-pair (R), ultrasound-assisted redox-pair (RU), and ultrasonication (UL). Ultrasonication significantly reduced the reaction time for synthesizing WPI-GTE conjugates compared to the standard R method (p < 0.05). The UL methods had the highest conjugate yield determined by polyphenol binding (p < 0.05). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) confirmed the conjugate formation, indicating an increased molecular weight due to protein binding with polyphenols through covalent and non-covalent bonds. Conjugates produced via ultrasonication exhibited enhanced solubility, smaller particle size, better emulsifying capacity, and improved foaming ability compared to those formed using the traditional R method (p < 0.05). However, conjugates from the R method showed higher antioxidant activity, as evidenced by DPPH•and ABTS•+ scavenging activities (p < 0.05). In conclusion, WPI-GTE conjugates created through ultrasonic treatment demonstrate potential as dual-functional ingredients, serving as both antioxidant and emulsifier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanittha Chinarak
- Food Technology and Innovation Research Center of Excellence, Department of Food Industry, School of Agricultural Technology and Food Industry, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Chantira Wongnen
- Food Technology and Innovation Research Center of Excellence, Department of Food Industry, School of Agricultural Technology and Food Industry, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Manat Chaijan
- Food Technology and Innovation Research Center of Excellence, Department of Food Industry, School of Agricultural Technology and Food Industry, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Arlee Tamman
- Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (Public Organization), Saimoon, Ongkarak District, Nakhon Nayok 26120, Thailand
| | - Natthawuddhi Donlao
- Food Science and Technology Program, School of Agro-Industry, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Ling-Zhi Cheong
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Worawan Panpipat
- Food Technology and Innovation Research Center of Excellence, Department of Food Industry, School of Agricultural Technology and Food Industry, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand.
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Qian R, Sun C, Bai T, Yan J, Cheng J, Zhang J. Recent advances and challenges in the interaction between myofibrillar proteins and flavor substances. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1378884. [PMID: 38725578 PMCID: PMC11079221 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1378884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Myofibrillar proteins are an important component of proteins. Flavor characteristics are the key attributes of food quality. The ability of proteins to bind flavor is one of their most fundamental functional properties. The dynamic balance of release and retention of volatile flavor compounds in protein-containing systems largely affects the sensory quality and consumer acceptability of foods. At present, research on flavor mainly focuses on the formation mechanism of flavor components, while there are few reports on the release and perception of flavor components. This review introduces the composition and structure of myofibrillar proteins, the classification of flavor substances, the physical binding and chemical adsorption of myofibrillar proteins and volatile flavor substances, as well as clarifies the regulation law of flavor substances from the viewpoint of endogenous flavor characteristics and exogenous environment factors, to provide a theoretical reference for the flavor regulation of meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Qian
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chang Sun
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Bai
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
- Meat Processing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Yan
- Sichuan Laochuan East Food Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiamin Zhang
- Meat Processing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
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Jiang W, Yang X, Li L. Flavor of extruded meat analogs: A review on composition, influencing factors, and analytical techniques. Curr Res Food Sci 2024; 8:100747. [PMID: 38708099 PMCID: PMC11066600 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2024.100747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Meat analogs are anticipated to alleviate environmental and animal welfare concerns as the demand for meat rises. High moisture extrusion is commonly employed to produce meat analogs, and its flavor could influence consumers' choice. To improve the development and market demand of extruded meat analogs, flavor precursors and natural spices have been used in high moisture extrusion process to directly improve the flavor profile of extruded meat analogs. Although there have been many studies on the flavor of high moisture extruded meat analogs, flavor composition and influencing factors have not been summarized. Thus, this review systematically provides the main pleasant and unpleasant flavor-active substances with 79 compounds, as well as descriptive the influence of flavor-active compounds, chemical reactions (such as lipid oxidation and the Maillard reaction), and fiber structure formation (based on extrusion process, extrusion parameters, and raw materials) on flavor of extruded meat analogs. Flavor evaluation of extruded meat analogs will toward multiple assessment methods to fully and directly characterize the flavor of extruded meat analogs, especially machine learning techniques may help to predict and regulate the flavor characteristics of extruded meat analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanrong Jiang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Liang Li
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
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Han C, Zheng Y, Huang S, Xu L, Zhou C, Sun Y, Wu Z, Wang Z, Pan D, Cao J, Xia Q. Exploring the binding mechanisms of thermally and ultrasonically induced molten globule-like β-lactoglobulin with heptanal as revealed by multi-spectroscopic techniques and molecular simulation. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130300. [PMID: 38395276 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
This work employed the model protein β-lactoglobulin (BLG) to investigate the contribution of microstructural changes to regulating the interaction patterns between protein and flavor compounds through employing computer simulation and multi-spectroscopic techniques. The formation of molten globule (MG) state-like protein during the conformational evolution of BLG, in response to ultrasonic (UC) and heat (HT) treatments, was revealed through multi-spectroscopic characterization. Differential MG structures were distinguished by variations in surface hydrophobicity and the microenvironment of tryptophan residues. Fluorescence quenching measurements indicated that the formation of MG enhanced the binding affinity of heptanal to protein. LC-MS/MS and NMR revealed the covalent bonding between heptanal and BLG formed by Michael addition and Schiff-base reactions, and MG-like BLG exhibited fewer chemical shift residues. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation confirmed the synergistic involvement of hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds in shaping BLG-heptanal complexes thus promoting the stability of BLG structures. These findings indicated that the production of BLG-heptanal complexes was driven synergistically by non-covalent and covalent bonds, and their interaction processes were influenced by processes-induced formation of MG potentially tuning the release and retention behaviors of flavor compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanhu Han
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yuanrong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200436, China
| | - Siqiang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Le Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Changyu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yangying Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Zhaoshan Wang
- Shandong Zhongke Food Co., LtD, Tai'an City 271229, China
| | - Daodong Pan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jinxuan Cao
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Qiang Xia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
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Xie Y, Chen D, Cao J, Wang X, Yin X. Synergistic Effects of High-Intensity Ultrasound Combined with L-Lysine for the Treatment of Porcine Myofibrillar Protein Regarding Solubility and Flavour Adsorption Capacity. Foods 2024; 13:629. [PMID: 38397606 PMCID: PMC10887734 DOI: 10.3390/foods13040629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the synergistic effects of high-intensity ultrasound (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 min) in combination with L-lysine (15 mM) on improving the solubility and flavour adsorption capacity of myofibrillar proteins (MPs) in low-ion-strength media. The results revealed that the ultrasound treatment for 20 min or the addition of L-lysine (15 mM) significantly improved protein solubility (p < 0.05), with L-lysine (15 mM) showing a more pronounced effect (p < 0.05). The combination of ultrasound treatment and L-lysine further increased solubility, and the MPs treated with ultrasound at 20 min exhibited the best dispersion stability in water, which corresponded to the lowest turbidity, highest absolute zeta potential value, and thermal stability (p < 0.05). Based on the reactive and total sulfhydryl contents, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy analysis, the ultrasound treatment combined with L-lysine (15 mM) promoted the unfolding and depolymerization of MPs, resulting in a larger exposure of SH groups on the surface, aromatic amino acids in a polar environment, and a transition of protein conformation from α-helix to β-turn. Moreover, the combined treatment also increased the hydrophobic bonding sites, hydrogen-bonding sites, and electrostatic effects, thereby enhancing the adsorption capacity of MPs to bind kenone compounds. The findings from this study provide a theoretical basis for the production and flavour improvement of low-salt MP beverages and the utilisation of meat protein.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xiaoyu Yin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (Y.X.); (D.C.); (J.C.); (X.W.)
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Sun X, Saleh ASM, Wang Z, Yu Y, Li W, Zhang D. Insights into the interactions between etheric compounds and myofibrillar proteins using multi-spectroscopy, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation. Food Res Int 2024; 175:113787. [PMID: 38129009 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine how the addition of etheric compounds (EC) affects the characteristics of myofibrillar proteins (MP) and to understand underlying interaction mechanisms. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed that the EC-MP complex was formed through hydrogen bonding. The addition of EC resulted in an increase in the α-helix content and a decrease in the β-sheet content of MP, which would promote the protein unfolding. The unfolding of MP led to aggregation and formation of larger and non-uniform particles. As a result, the exposure of negative charge on the MP surface was enhanced, and zeta potential was decreased from -5.33 mV to -7.45 mV. Moreover, the EC-induced modification of MP conformation resulted in a less rigid three-dimensional network structure of MP gel and enhanced the discharge of aldehyde compounds (C > 6). Moreover, the rheological characteristics of MP were enhanced by the suppression of protein-protein interactions due to the MP unfolding. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that anethole reduced the binding capacity of myosin to decanal by raising its binding energy from -22.22 kcal/mol to -19.38 kcal/mol. In the meantime, anethole competed for the amino acid residue (PHE165) where myosin connects to decanal. This caused the hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic contacts between the two molecules to dissolve, altering myosin's conformation and releasing decanal. The results might be useful in predicting and controlling the ability of proteins to release and hold onto flavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxiang Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Integrated Laboratory of Processing Technology for Chinese Meat and Dish Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ahmed S M Saleh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Integrated Laboratory of Processing Technology for Chinese Meat and Dish Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yumei Yu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Integrated Laboratory of Processing Technology for Chinese Meat and Dish Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenhao Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Dequan Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Integrated Laboratory of Processing Technology for Chinese Meat and Dish Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100193, China.
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