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Šafanda A, Kendall Bártů M, Michálková R, Švajdler M, Shatokhina T, Laco J, Matěj R, Méhes G, Drozenová J, Hausnerová J, Špůrková Z, Škarda J, Hácová M, Náležinská M, Dundr P, Němejcová K. The role of stathmin expression in the differential diagnosis, prognosis, and potential treatment of ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors. Diagn Pathol 2024; 19:118. [PMID: 39215355 PMCID: PMC11363365 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-024-01541-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stathmin, a cytosolic microtubule-destabilizing phosphoprotein involved in the regulation of mitosis, is widely expressed in various malignancies and acts as an adverse prognostic factor. Our research analyzed its immunohistochemical expression on a large cohort of ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors, evaluating its potential utility in differential diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic application. METHODS We examined 390 cases of ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors including 281 adult granulosa cell tumors (AGCT), 5 juvenile granulosa cell tumors (JGCT), 33 Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors (SLCT), 50 fibromas/thecomas (F/T), 11 Leydig cell tumors/steroid cell tumors (LCT/SterCT), 5 sex-cord stromal tumors NOS (SCST-NOS), 3 Sertoli cell tumors (SCT), and 2 sclerosing stromal tumors (ScST). Immunohistochemical analysis was performed using TMAs. RESULTS Strong expression (> 50%) was observed in all cases of AGCT, JGCT, SLCT, SCST-NOS, SCT and 1 ScST. The other case of ScST exhibited mild expression (5-10%). The negative cases included exclusively F/T and LCT/SterCT, with F/T showing 24% of negative cases and LCT/SterCT comprising 64% of negative cases. CONCLUSION The results of our study indicate that stathmin is neither a prognostic marker nor suitable for the differential diagnosis of challenging cases of ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors. However, its predictive value may be theoretically significant, as a decrease in stathmin expression potentialy influences response to chemotherapy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Šafanda
- Department of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Studničkova 2, Prague 2, 12800, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Kendall Bártů
- Department of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Studničkova 2, Prague 2, 12800, Czech Republic
| | - Romana Michálková
- Department of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Studničkova 2, Prague 2, 12800, Czech Republic
| | - Marián Švajdler
- Šikl's Department of Pathology, The Faculty of Medicine, Faculty Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Tetiana Shatokhina
- Department of Oncological Pathology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Laco
- The Fingerland Department of Pathology, Charles University Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Radoslav Matěj
- Department of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Studničkova 2, Prague 2, 12800, Czech Republic
- Department of Pathology, Charles University 3rd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Královské Vinohrady, Prague, 10034, Czech Republic
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Thomayer University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Gábor Méhes
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Jana Drozenová
- Department of Pathology, Charles University 3rd Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Královské Vinohrady, Prague, 10034, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Hausnerová
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Brno and Medical Faculty, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Špůrková
- Department of Pathology, Bulovka University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Škarda
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Ostrava and Faculty of Medicine University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Mária Hácová
- Department of Pathology, The Regional Hospital Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Náležinská
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Surgical Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute and Medical Faculty of Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Dundr
- Department of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Studničkova 2, Prague 2, 12800, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Němejcová
- Department of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Studničkova 2, Prague 2, 12800, Czech Republic.
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Baniak N, Tsai H, Hirsch MS. The Differential Diagnosis of Medullary-Based Renal Masses. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2021; 145:1148-1170. [PMID: 33406251 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2020-0464-ra] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT.— Renal malignancies can be divided into cortical- and medullary-based tumors, the latter of which classically infiltrate the renal parenchyma by extending between nonneoplastic structures. Although high-grade cortical tumors can rarely exhibit the same growth pattern, the infiltrative morphology should elicit a differential diagnosis to be considered in each case. However, these diagnoses can be challenging to distinguish, especially on small renal biopsy samples. OBJECTIVE.— To provide an overview of the clinical, gross, and microscopic findings; genetic and molecular alterations; and immunohistochemical evaluation of medullary-based renal tumors and other tumor types with overlapping morphologies and growth patterns. DATA SOURCES.— Literature review and personal observations were used to compile the information in this review. CONCLUSIONS.— Collecting duct carcinoma is a prototypical medullary-based tumor, and although diagnostic criteria exist, it remains a diagnosis of exclusion, especially with ancillary techniques aiding the recognition of established as well as more recently described neoplasms. Other medullary-based malignancies included in the differential diagnosis include renal medullary carcinoma/renal cell carcinoma unclassified with medullary phenotype, fumarate hydratase-deficient renal cell carcinoma, and upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Moreover, other rare entities should be excluded, including metastatic carcinoma, lymphoma, and melanoma. In addition to potential prognostic differences, accurate diagnoses can have important surgical and clinical management implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Baniak
- From the Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Harrison Tsai
- From the Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michelle S Hirsch
- From the Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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Stathmin is a potential therapeutic target but not a prognostic marker in melanoma: an immunohistochemical study of 323 melanocytic lesions. Melanoma Res 2018; 29:157-162. [PMID: 30422880 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In several solid tumors, an increased stathmin expression is associated with both poor prognosis and resistance to certain chemotherapy types. However, the data regarding melanocytic lesions are very limited. The goals of our study are as follows: the assessment of stathmin expression in benign and malignant melanocytic lesions, and the significance of its expression for the differential diagnostics between benign and malignant lesions; the analysis of the prognostic significance of stathmin expression in melanoma; and the evaluation of stathmin expression in melanoma and melanoma metastases with respect to possible therapeutic targeting. Immunohistochemical analysis of stathmin expression was done in 323 melanocytic lesions, including 205 primary cutaneous melanomas, 60 melanoma metastases, and 58 melanocytic nevi. Stathmin expression was found in all analyzed groups of melanocytic lesions. Using the H-scoring system, the observed intensity of expression was as follows: melanocytic nevi: 146.1 (mean) and 150 (median); melanomas: 116.7 (mean) and 110 (median); and melanoma metastases: 136.8 (mean) and 140 (median). The stathmin expression was significantly lower in the cohort of primary melanomas when compared with metastases and nevi (P=0.001). The stathmin expression showed no prognostic significance. The high stathmin expression in melanoma suggests that stathmin might be a promising marker for therapeutic targeting in ongoing clinical trials. Compared with several other solid tumors, stathmin expression in melanoma showed no prognostic significance. The potential use of stathmin expression in differential diagnostics is limited by its common expression, and despite the statistically significant differences between nevi and melanoma, it may not be used in this setting.
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Liu P, Yu J, Tian X, Chang J, Zhang Y, Zhang R, Zhang N, Huang R, Li L, Qiao X, Guo H. The effect of downregulation of Stathmin gene on biological behaviors of U373 and U87-MG glioblastoma cells. Biol Res 2018; 51:16. [PMID: 29880026 PMCID: PMC5992777 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-018-0160-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Stathmin as a critical protein involved in microtubule polymerization, is necessary for survival of cancer cells. However, extremely little is known about Stathmin in glioblastoma. So, this study was designed to elucidate the function of Stathmin gene in the tumorigenesis and progression of glioblastoma cells. Method The lentiviral interference vector pLV3-si-Stathmin targeting Stathmin gene and the control vector pLV3-NC were established for the co-transfection of 293T cells together with the helper plasmids. Viral titer was determined via limiting dilution assay. Then pLV3-si-Stathmin and pLV3-NC were stably co-transfected into U373 and U87-MG glioblastoma cells. Expression levels of Stathmin protein in each group were determined by using Western Blot, and the proliferation and migration ability of the cells with downregulated Stathmin were evaluated through CCK8 assay and transwell invasion assay, respectively. Cell cycles and cell apoptosis were detected with flow cytometry. Finally, the effect of Stathmin in tumor formation was determined in nude mice. Result DNA sequencing and viral titer assay indicated that the lentiviral interference vector was successfully established with a viral titer of 4 × 108 TU/ml. According to the results from Western Blotting, Stathmin protein expression level decreased significantly in the U373 and U87-MG cells after transfected with pLV3-si-Stathmin, respectively, compared with those transfected with pLV3-NC. In glioblastoma cells, the cell proliferation and migration were greatly inhibited after the downregulation of Stathmin protein. Flow cytometry showed that much more cells were arrested in G2/M phasein Stathmin downregulated group, compared with the non-transfection group and NC group. But Stathmin downregulation did not induce significant cell apoptosis. Tumor formation assay in nude mice showed that tumor formation was delayed after Stathmin downregulation, with a reduction in both tumor formation rate and tumor growth velocity. Conclusion Stathmin downregulation affected the biological behaviors of U373 and U87-MG glioblastoma cells, inhibiting the proliferation and migration of tumor cells. Stathmin gene may serve as a potential target in gene therapy for glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Liu
- Department of Oncology, Peace Hospital of Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, 046000, Shanxi, China
| | - Junyan Yu
- Department of Oncology, Peace Hospital of Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, 046000, Shanxi, China.
| | - Xiangyang Tian
- Department of Oncology, Peace Hospital of Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, 046000, Shanxi, China
| | - Jianlan Chang
- Department of Oncology, Peace Hospital of Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, 046000, Shanxi, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Peace Hospital of Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, 046000, Shanxi, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Peace Hospital of Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, 046000, Shanxi, China
| | - Ningning Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Peace Hospital of Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, 046000, Shanxi, China
| | - Ranxing Huang
- Department of Oncology, Peace Hospital of Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, 046000, Shanxi, China
| | - Lulu Li
- Department of Oncology, Peace Hospital of Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, 046000, Shanxi, China
| | - Xianli Qiao
- Department of Oncology, Peace Hospital of Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, 046000, Shanxi, China
| | - Hongliang Guo
- Department of Oncology, Peace Hospital of Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, 046000, Shanxi, China
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Suzuki S, Yokobori T, Altan B, Hara K, Ozawa D, Tanaka N, Sakai M, Sano A, Sohda M, Bao H, Fukuchi M, Miyazaki T, Kaira K, Asao T, Kuwano H. High stathmin 1 expression is associated with poor prognosis and chemoradiation resistance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Oncol 2017; 50:1184-1190. [PMID: 28350065 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Stathmin 1 (STMN1) is a major cytosolic phosphoprotein regulating microtubule dynamics, thereby playing an important role in cancer progression and resistance to microtubule-binding anticancer agents. We assessed the prognostic significance of STMN1 expression and STMN1-associated resistance to docetaxel and radiation in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients. STMN1 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 172 surgical specimens. The association of STMN1 expression with chemoradiation resistance using docetaxel was examined by comparing expression in 15 biopsy specimens obtained before neoadjuvant therapy to histological grades of post-therapy surgically resected tumors. We also evaluated the effects of STMN1 on sensitivity to docetaxel and radiation in ESCC cell lines. High STMN1 immunoexpression was significantly associated with tumor depth, lymph node metastasis, lymphatic invasion and venous invasion. Survival rates were significantly lower in ESCC patients with high STMN1 expression than in those with low STMN1 expression. Multivariable analysis showed that high STMN1 expression was an independent factor for poor survival. High STMN1 expression was also associated with poor response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy using docetaxel. Knockdown of STMN1 expression enhanced ESCC cell line sensitivity to docetaxel and radiation. STMN1 appears critical for ESCC invasiveness and predicts an unfavorable prognosis in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigemasa Suzuki
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yokobori
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Bolag Altan
- Department of Oncology Clinical Development, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Keigo Hara
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Daigo Ozawa
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Naritaka Tanaka
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Makoto Sakai
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Akihiko Sano
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Makoto Sohda
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Halin Bao
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Minoru Fukuchi
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Miyazaki
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Kyoichi Kaira
- Department of Oncology Clinical Development, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Takayuki Asao
- Big Data Center for Integrative Analysis, Gunma University Initiative for Advance Research (GIAR), Gunma, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kuwano
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
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Watanabe A, Araki K, Yokobori T, Altan B, Ishii N, Tsukagoshi M, Kubo N, Saito F, Suzuki H, Kuwano H. Stathmin 1 promotes the proliferation and malignant transformation of pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms. Oncol Lett 2017; 13:1783-1788. [PMID: 28454324 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.5603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) are a type of pancreatic tumor, which have been identified following improvements in diagnostic imaging. However, the malignant transformation of IPMN has been difficult to diagnose clinically. To date, the mechanisms driving the progression of IPMN to cancer remain to be fully elucidated. The present study focused on Stathmin 1 (STMN1), a protein that is associated with the development of various types of cancer. The expression of STMN1 was examined immunohistochemically in tissues from cases of IPMN. The correlation between the STMN1 staining and clinical pathological factors was evaluated, and the expression of STMN1, p27 and S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2) were compared. High expression levels of STMN1 were significantly correlated with regions of malignancy, and was associated with high expression of SKP2, low expression of nuclear p27 and a high Ki-67 index. High expression levels of STMN1 and SKP2 were significantly correlated with the transformation of IPMN to carcinoma. In addition, within the regions of carcinoma, the expression of STMN1 was weak in regions of adenoma and high in the cancerous regions. It was concluded that the high expression of STMN1 contributed to tumor proliferation and malignant transformation in the patients with IPMN. These results suggested that characterization of the expression of STMN1 may be a promising approach for predicting malignant transformation of pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous adenoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Watanabe
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Araki
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yokobori
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Bolag Altan
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Norihiro Ishii
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Mariko Tsukagoshi
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Norio Kubo
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Fumiyoshi Saito
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hideki Suzuki
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kuwano
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
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Biaoxue R, Hua L, Wenlong G, Shuanying Y. Overexpression of stathmin promotes metastasis and growth of malignant solid tumors: a systemic review and meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2016; 7:78994-79007. [PMID: 27806343 PMCID: PMC5346693 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Stathmin has been investigated to be involved in development and progress of malignant tumors. This study was to clarify the relationship between expression of stathmin and tumors and assess its clinical significance. We identified 25 studies with a total of 3,571 individuals from the electronic bibliographic databases and strictly evaluated the quality and heterogeneity of included studies. We analysed the relationship between expression of stathmin and clinical characteristics by the fixed-effects and random-effects of meta-analysis and constructed a summary receiver-operator characteristic curve to estimate the test characteristics. The results showed that patients with cancer displayed a higher stathmin expression than those of non-cancer individuals (OR, 0.31), and overexpression of stathmin correlated with tumor cell differentiation (OR, 0.73), lymph node invasion (OR, 0.80) and high TNM stage (OR, 0.67). The pooled sensitivity of stathmin for distinguishing malignant tumors was 0.73 and the specificity was 0.77. The maximum balance joint for sensitivity and specificity (the Q-value) was 0.7566 and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.8234. In conclusion, these results showed that overexpression of stathmin intimately correlated with malignant behavior of tumors, suggesting it could be a risk factor of malignant tumors. Stathmin had great sensitivity and specificity indicated it should be a significant molecular biomarker for malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Biaoxue
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liu Hua
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Gao Wenlong
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yang Shuanying
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Saito F, Araki K, Yokobori T, Ishii N, Tsukagoshi M, Watanabe A, Kubo N, Altan B, Shirabe K, Kuwano H. High expression of karyopherin-α2 and stathmin 1 is associated with proliferation potency and transformation in the bile duct and gall bladder epithelia in the cases of pancreaticobiliary maljunction. J Surg Oncol 2016; 114:462-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jso.24330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fumiyoshi Saito
- Department of General Surgical Science; Graduate School of Medicine; Gunma University; Showamachi, Maebashi Gunma Japan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery; Graduate School of Medicine; Gunma University; Maebashi Gunma Japan
| | - Kenichiro Araki
- Department of General Surgical Science; Graduate School of Medicine; Gunma University; Showamachi, Maebashi Gunma Japan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery; Graduate School of Medicine; Gunma University; Maebashi Gunma Japan
| | - Takehiko Yokobori
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Oncology; Graduate School of Medicine; Gunma University; Maebashi Gunma Japan
| | - Norihiro Ishii
- Department of General Surgical Science; Graduate School of Medicine; Gunma University; Showamachi, Maebashi Gunma Japan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery; Graduate School of Medicine; Gunma University; Maebashi Gunma Japan
| | - Mariko Tsukagoshi
- Department of General Surgical Science; Graduate School of Medicine; Gunma University; Showamachi, Maebashi Gunma Japan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery; Graduate School of Medicine; Gunma University; Maebashi Gunma Japan
| | - Akira Watanabe
- Department of General Surgical Science; Graduate School of Medicine; Gunma University; Showamachi, Maebashi Gunma Japan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery; Graduate School of Medicine; Gunma University; Maebashi Gunma Japan
| | - Norio Kubo
- Department of General Surgical Science; Graduate School of Medicine; Gunma University; Showamachi, Maebashi Gunma Japan
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery; Graduate School of Medicine; Gunma University; Maebashi Gunma Japan
| | - Bolag Altan
- Department of General Surgical Science; Graduate School of Medicine; Gunma University; Showamachi, Maebashi Gunma Japan
| | - Ken Shirabe
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery; Graduate School of Medicine; Gunma University; Maebashi Gunma Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kuwano
- Department of General Surgical Science; Graduate School of Medicine; Gunma University; Showamachi, Maebashi Gunma Japan
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Chen CL, Chung T, Wu CC, Ng KF, Yu JS, Tsai CH, Chang YS, Liang Y, Tsui KH, Chen YT. Comparative Tissue Proteomics of Microdissected Specimens Reveals Novel Candidate Biomarkers of Bladder Cancer. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 14:2466-78. [PMID: 26081836 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.051524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 380,000 new cases of bladder cancer are diagnosed worldwide, accounting for ∼150,200 deaths each year. To discover potential biomarkers of bladder cancer, we employed a strategy combining laser microdissection, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation labeling, and liquid chromatography-tandem MS (LC-MS/MS) analysis to profile proteomic changes in fresh-frozen bladder tumor specimens. Cellular proteins from four pairs of surgically resected primary bladder cancer tumor and adjacent nontumorous tissue were extracted for use in two batches of isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation experiments, which identified a total of 3220 proteins. A DAVID (database for annotation, visualization and integrated discovery) analysis of dysregulated proteins revealed that the three top-ranking biological processes were extracellular matrix organization, extracellular structure organization, and oxidation-reduction. Biological processes including response to organic substances, response to metal ions, and response to inorganic substances were highlighted by up-expressed proteins in bladder cancer. Seven differentially expressed proteins were selected as potential bladder cancer biomarkers for further verification. Immunohistochemical analyses showed significantly elevated levels of three proteins-SLC3A2, STMN1, and TAGLN2-in tumor cells compared with noncancerous bladder epithelial cells, and suggested that TAGLN2 could be a useful tumor tissue marker for diagnosis (AUC = 0.999) and evaluating lymph node metastasis in bladder cancer patients. ELISA results revealed significantly increased urinary levels of both STMN1 and TAGLN2 in bladder cancer subgroups compared with control groups. In comparisons with age-matched hernia urine specimens, urinary TAGLN2 in bladder cancer samples showed the largest fold change (7.13-fold), with an area-under-the-curve value of 0.70 (p < 0.001, n = 205). Overall, TAGLN2 showed the most significant overexpression in individual bladder cancer tissues and urine specimens, and thus represents a potential biomarker for noninvasive screening for bladder cancer. Our findings highlight the value of bladder tissue proteome in providing valuable information for future validation studies of potential biomarkers in urothelial carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Lun Chen
- From the ‡Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; §School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ting Chung
- ¶Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ching Wu
- ¶Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; ‖Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kwai-Fong Ng
- **Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jau-Song Yu
- ¶Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; ‡‡Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Han Tsai
- ‡‡Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sun Chang
- ¶Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; ‡‡Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ying Liang
- ¶Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ke-Hung Tsui
- From the ‡Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; §School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Chen
- ¶Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; ‡‡Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; §§Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Lin H, Lin D, Xiong XS. Roles of human papillomavirus infection and stathmin in the pathogenesis of sinonasal inverted papilloma. Head Neck 2015; 38:220-4. [PMID: 25224680 DOI: 10.1002/hed.23864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate roles of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and stathmin in sinonasal inverted papilloma (SNIP). METHODS HPV DNA detection was performed by the fluorescence-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Stathmin protein expression was investigated by the immunohistochemistry method and mRNA expression of stathmin, Kif2a, and cyclin D1 were assessed by real-time PCR in SNIP and control subjects. RESULTS The positive rate of HPV DNA detected in SNIP was about 53.6% (15 of 28). Recurrent cases showed a higher rate of HPV infection compared with initial cases and higher Krouse stage (T3 + T4) cases showed higher rate of HPV infection than lower Krouse stage (T1 + T2) cases. Stronger expression of stathmin, Kif2a, and cyclin D1 were observed in SNIP, especially HPV(+) SNIP. CONCLUSION HPV infection was closely associated with recurrence and progression of SNIP. Stathmin is a valuable prognostic marker and could be considered as a therapeutic target in patients with SNIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Lin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Dong Lin
- Department of Biology and Chemical Engineering, Fuqing Branch of Fujian Normal University, Fuqing, Fujian, China
| | - Xi-Sheng Xiong
- Department of Pathology, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Akhtar J, Wang Z, Yu C, Zhang ZP. Effectiveness of local injection of lentivirus-delivered stathmin1 and stathmin1 shRNA in human gastric cancer xenograft mouse. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 29:1685-91. [PMID: 24720379 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM We have reported previously that RNA interference targeting stathmin1 (STMN1) gene in human gastric cancer cells inhibits proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Based on these observations, in the present study, the possibility that local injection of lentivirus-delivered stathmin shRNA would induce regression of the established human gastric cancer xenograft in animal model was investigated. METHODS BALB/c nude mice were inoculated subcutaneously into the right armpit with human gastric cancer cells SGC-7901(2 × 10(6) cells in 200 μL phosphate-buffered saline) to develop a xenograft model of human gastric cancer. When tumor reached suitable size, mice were randomly divided into two groups. STMN1 shRNA group (n = 6) were given local injection of lentivirus-delivered STMN1 shRNA, and the non-silencing shRNA group (n = 6) were administered with local injection of lentivirus-delivered non-silencing shRNA. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were used to verify the knockdown of the gene expression in dissected tumor at mRNA and protein level, respectively. RESULTS Experimental therapy on the nude mice model bearing subcutaneous tumor of SGC-7901 cells showed that local administration of STMN1 shRNA effectively regressed the pre-established tumors. Stathmin shRNA-treated tumors were significantly regressed as compared with that of the tumor injected with non-silencing shRNA (P < 0.05). Tumor weight was significantly decreased in STMN1-treated group as compared with non-silencing shRNA group (P < 0.05). Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot showed downregulation of STMN1 gene expression in STMN1 shRNA group as compared with non-silencing shRNA group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION These findings highlight the potential use of local injection of lentivirus-delivered shRNA for the treatment of early localized human gastric carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javed Akhtar
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Lu Y, Liu C, Xu YF, Cheng H, Shi S, Wu CT, Yu XJ. Stathmin destabilizing microtubule dynamics promotes malignant potential in cancer cells by epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2014; 13:386-94. [PMID: 25100123 DOI: 10.1016/s1499-3872(14)60038-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stathmin is a ubiquitous cytosolic regulatory phosphoprotein and is overexpressed in different human malignancies. The main physiological function of stathmin is to interfere with microtubule dynamics by promoting depolymerization of microtubules or by preventing polymerization of tubulin heterodimers. Stathmin plays important roles in regulating many cellular functions as a result of its microtubule-destabilizing activity. Currently, the critical roles of stathmin in cancer cells, as well as in lymphocytes have been valued. This review discusses stathmin and microtubule dynamics in cancer development, and hypothesizes their possible relationship with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). DATA SOURCES A PubMed search using such terms as "stathmin", "microtubule dynamics", "epithelial-mesenchymal transition", "EMT", "malignant potential" and "cancer" was performed to identify relevant studies published in English. More than 100 related articles were reviewed. RESULTS The literature clearly documented the relationship between stathmin and its microtubule-destabilizing activity of cancer development. However, the particular mechanism is poorly understood. Microtubule disruption is essential for EMT, which is a crucial process during cancer development. As a microtubule-destabilizing protein, stathmin may promote malignant potential in cancer cells by initiating EMT. CONCLUSIONS We propose that there is a stathmin-microtubule dynamics-EMT (S-M-E) axis during cancer development. By this axis, stathmin together with its microtubule-destabilizing activity contributes to EMT, which stimulates the malignant potential in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lu
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University; Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Watanabe A, Suzuki H, Yokobori T, Tsukagoshi M, Altan B, Kubo N, Suzuki S, Araki K, Wada S, Kashiwabara K, Hosouchi Y, Kuwano H. Stathmin1 regulates p27 expression, proliferation and drug resistance, resulting in poor clinical prognosis in cholangiocarcinoma. Cancer Sci 2014; 105:690-6. [PMID: 24708177 PMCID: PMC4317896 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (EHCC) have a poor prognosis; postoperative survival depends on cancer progression and therapeutic resistance. The mechanism of EHCC progression needs to be clarified to identify ways to improve disease prognosis. Stathmin1 (STMN1) is a major cytosolic phosphoprotein that regulates microtubule dynamics and is associated with malignant phenotypes and chemoresistance in various cancers. Recently, STMN1 was reported to interact with p27, an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase complexes. Eighty EHCC cases were studied using immunohistochemistry and clinical pathology to determine the correlation between STMN1 and p27 expression; RNA interference to analyze the function of STMN1 in an EHCC cell line was also used. Cytoplasmic STMN1 expression correlated with venous invasion (P = 0.0021) and nuclear p27 underexpression (P = 0.0011). Patients in the high-STMN1-expression group were associated with shorter recurrence-free survival and overall survival than those in the low-expression group. An in vitro protein-binding assay revealed that cytoplasmic STMN1 bound to p27 in the cytoplasm, but not in the nucleus of EHCC cells. Moreover, p27 accumulated in EHCC cells after STMN1 suppression. STMN1 knockdown inhibited proliferation and increased the sensitivity of EHCC cells to paclitaxel. STMN1 contributes to a poor prognosis and cancer progression in EHCC patients. Understanding the regulation of p27 by STMN1 could provide new insights for overcoming therapeutic resistance in EHCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Watanabe
- Department of General Surgical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
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Akhtar J, Wang Z, Jiang WP, Bi MM, Zhang ZP. Stathmin overexpression identifies high risk for lymphatic metastatic recurrence in pN0 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 29:944-50. [PMID: 24372619 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Common patterns of the operative failure after Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients are locoregional lymph node metastasis. It is clinically significant to investigate the biological markers to predict the subset of patients who are at higher risk of lymphatic metastatic recurrence. Our research aimed to investigate the association between the Stathmin (STMN-1) gene expression and lymphatic metastatic recurrence in pN0 ESCC patients after surgery. METHODS One hundred seventy-four patients who suffered from mid-thoracic ESCC and completely resected with Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy were enrolled in our study. The entire patients were restricted to pN0 ESCC. Tissue specimens were examined for STMN-1 expression levels by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting methods. The correlation of STMN-1 levels with clinicopathological variables, prognosis, and metastatic potential was analyzed. RESULTS One hundred patients had STMN-1 protein overexpression (57.47%), and the patients with overexpression were accompanied by significantly higher rate of lymphatic metastatic recurrence as compared with patients who had low STMN-1 expression (P = 0.003). Multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed that the STMN-1 protein expression and T classification were independent factors to predict the lymphatic metastatic recurrence (P = 0.007, P = 0.000, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Even pN0 ESCC are a potential to lymphatic metastatic recurrence. Stathmin overexpression can be used as a marker to identify those patients who are at high risk for lymphatic metastatic recurrence in pN0 ESCC after an Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javed Akhtar
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Akhtar J, Wang Z, Yu C, Li CS, Shi YL, Liu HJ. STMN-1 is a potential marker of lymph node metastasis in distal esophageal adenocarcinomas and silencing its expression can reverse malignant phenotype of tumor cells. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:28. [PMID: 24433541 PMCID: PMC3898730 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Distal esophageal adenocarcinoma is a highly aggressive neoplasm. Despite advances in diagnosis and therapy, the prognosis is still poor. Stathmin (STMN-1) is a ubiquitously expressed microtubule destabilizing phosphoprotein. It promotes the disassembly of microtubules and prevents assembly. STMN-1 can cause uncontrolled cell proliferation when mutated and not functioning properly. Recently, found to be overexpressed in many types of human cancers. However, its clinical significance remains elusive in distal esophageal adenocarcinoma. Here, we reported for the first time that STMN-1 is highly overexpressed in adenocarcinomas of the distal esophagus and strongly associated with lymph node metastasis. METHODS STMN-1 expression in 63 cases of distal esophageal adenocarcinoma was analyzed by immunoblotting, while expression in esophageal adenocarcinoma cells was determined by immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence, qRT-PCR and western blotting. Lentivirus-mediated RNAi was employed to knock-down STMN-1 expression in Human esophageal adenocarcinoma cells. The relationship between STMN-1 expression and lymph node metastasis in distal esophageal adenocarcinoma was determined by univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS STMN-1 was detected in 31 (49.21%) of the 63 cases. STMN-1 was highly overexpressed in specimens with lymph node metastasis pN (+), but its expression was almost undetected in pN (-) status. Multivarian regression analysis demonstrated that STMN-1 overexpression is an independent factor for lymph node metastasis in distal esophageal adenocarcinoma. STMN-1 shRNA effectively reduced STMN-1 expression in esophageal adenocarcinoma cells (P < 0.05), which significantly suppressed proliferation (P < 0.05), increased migration (P < 0.05) and invasion ability (P < 0.05) and G1 phase arrest (P < 0.05) which lead to induction of apoptosis in esophageal adenocarcinoma cells in vitro. To verify the in vitro data, we conducted in vivo tumor xenograft studies. Esophageal adenocarcinoma cells stably transfected with STMN-1 shRNA significantly reduced tumor xenografts volume in vivo. CONCLUSIONS STMN-1 overexpression is associated with lymph node metastasis and increase malignancy in distal esophageal adenocarcinoma. In vivo and in vitro laboratory findings, suggests that STMN-1 may be a suitable target for future therapeutic strategies in distal esophageal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javed Akhtar
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 250021 Shandong, China
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 250021 Shandong, China
| | - Zhou Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 250021 Shandong, China
| | - Che Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong 250021 P R China
| | - Chen-Sheng Li
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 250021 Shandong, China
| | - Yu-Long Shi
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 250021 Shandong, China
| | - Hong-Jun Liu
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 250021 Shandong, China
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Akhtar J, Wang Z, Zhang ZP, Bi MM. Lentiviral-mediated RNA interference targeting stathmin1 gene in human gastric cancer cells inhibits proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. J Transl Med 2013; 11:212. [PMID: 24040910 PMCID: PMC3848762 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-11-212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is highly aggressive disease. Despite advances in diagnosis and therapy, the prognosis is still poor. Various genetic and molecular alterations are found in gastric cancer that underlies the malignant transformation of gastric mucosa during the multistep process of gastric cancer pathogenesis. The detailed mechanism of the gastric cancer development remains uncertain. In present study we investigated the potential role of stathmin1 gene in gastric cancer tumorigenesis and examined the usefulness of RNA interference (RNAi) targeting stathmin1 as a form of gastric cancer treatment. METHODS A lentiviral vector encoding a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeted against stathmin1 was constructed and transfected into the packaging cells HEK 293 T and the viral supernatant was collected to transfect MKN-45 cells. The transwell chemotaxis assay and the CCK-8 assay were used to measure migration and proliferation of tumor cells, respectively. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting were used to detect the expression levels of stathmin1. RESULTS Lentivirus mediated RNAi effectively reduced stathmin1 expression in gastric cells. Significant decreases in stathmin1 mRNA and protein expression were detected in gastric cells carrying lentiviral stathmin-shRNA vector and also significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration in gastric cancer cells and tumorigenicity in Xenograft Animal Models. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that stathmin1 overexpression is common in gastric cancer and may play a role in its pathogenesis. Lentivirus mediated RNAi effectively reduced stathmin1 expression in gastric cells. In summary, shRNA targeting of stathmin1 can effectively inhibits human gastric cancer cell growth in vivo and may be a potential therapeutic strategy for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javed Akhtar
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Zhou Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Zhi Ping Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Ming Ming Bi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 250021, Shandong, China
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Akhtar J, Wang Z, Yu C, Zhang ZP, Bi MM. STMN-1 Gene: A Predictor of Survival in Stage IIA Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma After Ivor-Lewis Esophagectomy? Ann Surg Oncol 2013; 21:315-21. [DOI: 10.1245/s10434-013-3215-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Wik E, Birkeland E, Trovik J, Werner HM, Hoivik EA, Mjos S, Krakstad C, Kusonmano K, Mauland K, Stefansson IM, Holst F, Petersen K, Oyan AM, Simon R, Kalland KH, Ricketts W, Akslen LA, Salvesen HB. High Phospho-Stathmin(Serine38) Expression Identifies Aggressive Endometrial Cancer and Suggests an Association with PI3K Inhibition. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:2331-41. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-3413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Yuan SF, Chen WJ, Zhu LJ, Zheng WE, Chen H, Xiong JP. Effects of monoclonal antibodies against human stathmin combined with paclitaxel on proliferation of the QG-56 human lung carcinoma cell line. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 13:2967-71. [PMID: 22938491 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.6.2967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore whether monoclonal antibodies against stathmin and the chemotherapuetic agent paclitaxel have synergenic effects in inhibiting growth and inducing apoptosis in human QG-56 cells. METHODS QG-56 cells were treated with monoclonal antibodies against stathmin or paclitaxel alone or in combination, with untreated cells used as controls. After 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours the cell growth condition was observed under an inverted microscope and inhibition was studied by MTT assay; apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS The populations decreased and cell shape and size changed after the various treatments. Monoclonal antibodies against stathmin and paclitaxel used alone or incombination inhibited the proliferation of QG-56 cells, especially in combination with synergism (P<0.05). Combined treatment also resulted in a significantly higher apoptosis rate than in the other groups (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Monoclonal antibodies against stathmin and paclitaxel used alone or in combination can inhibit proliferation of QG-56 cells and induce apoptosis when applied together, The observed synergistic effects may have important implications for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Fei Yuan
- Cancer Center, Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Molecular aspects of upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Urol Oncol 2013; 32:28.e11-20. [PMID: 23428541 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2012.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Revised: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Primary upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is a relatively rare tumor with up to 60% of cases being muscle invasive at presentation. In this article we review the molecular biology of UTUC, an understanding of which may help to address some of the dilemmas surrounding the diagnosis and treatment of this disease and ultimately lead to the introduction of personalized treatment plans. METHODS The literature search on the molecular aspects of UTUC was performed using the National Library of Medicine database. RESULTS UTUC and urothelial carcinomas of the bladder share many common biological pathways. UTUC are more commonly associated with conditions such as Balkan Endemic Nephropathy and Hereditary Non Polyposis Colon Cancer (HNPCC), the molecular basis of which is now being understood. A large number of potential biomarkers have been studied to help identify robust prognostic markers in UTUC. CONCLUSION Advances in our understanding of the biology of UTUC is may in the future help to identify novel druggable targets, clinically applicable biomarkers and guide treatment of the rare but lethal condition.
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Stathmin-1 Expression as a Complement to p16 Helps Identify High-grade Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia With Increased Specificity. Am J Surg Pathol 2013; 37:89-97. [DOI: 10.1097/pas.0b013e3182753f5a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Liu F, Sun YL, Xu Y, Liu F, Wang LS, Zhao XH. Expression and phosphorylation of stathmin correlate with cell migration in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2012; 29:419-24. [PMID: 23229199 PMCID: PMC3583596 DOI: 10.3892/or.2012.2157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubules play extensive roles in cellular processes, including cell motility. Stathmin is an important protein which destabilizes microtubules. The essential function of stathmin is closely associated with its phosphorylation status. Stathmin is overexpressed in many human cancers and has a significant relationship with clinical characteristics such as grade, tumor size and prognosis. We demonstrated that stathmin was overexpressed in ESCC tissues using both 2-DE and immunohistochemistry analysis. In addition, overexpression of stathmin was significantly correlated with histological grade in ESCC. However, no correlation was found with age, gender and lymph node metastasis. Knockdown of stathmin with siRNA impaired cell migration in KYSE30 and KYSE410 cells. When EC0156 cells were treated with paclitaxel, stathmin was stably phosphorylated and migration was impaired. These observations suggest that stathmin may have a more important function in ESCC development and migration. The present study provides further understanding of the importance of stathmin in ESCC therapy or diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, PR China
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Bhagirath D, Abrol N, Khan R, Sharma M, Seth A, Sharma A. Expression of CD147, BIGH3 and Stathmin and their potential role as diagnostic marker in patients with urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. Clin Chim Acta 2012; 413:1641-6. [PMID: 22626996 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2012.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder is characterised by very high recurrence rate, followed up by cystoscopy which being invasive technique makes the need for non-invasive markers important for Transitional Cell Carcinoma (TCC) detection. CD147 is a transmembrane protein highly expressed in tumour cells which aids in tumour invasion and growth. BIGH3, an Extracellular matrix protein (ECM) which interacts with various ECM component in different tissue system and Stathmin(STMN1) is cytosolic microtubule destabilising protein also called as Oncoprotein18 due to its role in tumour promotion. So far the expression of BIGH3 and STMN1 remains undetermined in cancer subjects including TCC. We therefore studied the levels and molecular expression of these molecules in TCC patients, to evaluate their usefulness as diagnostic markers. METHODS Thirty consecutive TCC patients and two sets of control- 15 Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patient and 15 healthy were taken. Serum and urine levels of these molecules were estimated by ELISA and relative mRNA expression by Q-PCR from tumour and normal urothelium. Post-Hoc analysis and ROC curve were determined to evaluate the significance and sensitivity and specificity. RESULTS The mean concentrations of these molecules were found to be significantly increased (p<0.001) in the serum and urine of TCC patients, with varying significance in each grade for different molecules. The urinary levels of CD147 (67 pg/ml) and serum STMN1 concentration (1.38 ng/ml) showed a specific increase as compared to the controls, while BIGH3 was elevated in both serum and urine samples. Molecular (mRNA) expression was elevated in the high grade (Muscle Invasive) stage of the disease for all the molecules, with a significant 3-fold increase that correlated with disease severity being observed for STMN1. ROC analysis gave optimal combination of sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of the disease in urine and serum sample for STMN1. CONCLUSION Of CD147, BIGH3 and STMN1, significant results were obtained for STMN1 and it could serve as the best possible diagnostic marker for TCC detection in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Bhagirath
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences-AIIMS, New Delhi, India
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Belletti B, Baldassarre G. Stathmin: a protein with many tasks. New biomarker and potential target in cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2011; 15:1249-66. [PMID: 21978024 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2011.620951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stathmin is a microtubule-destabilizing phosphoprotein, firstly identified as the downstream target of many signal transduction pathways. Several studies then indicated that stathmin is overexpressed in many types of human malignancies, thus deserving the name of Oncoprotein 18 (Op18). At molecular level, stathmin depolymerizes microtubules by either sequestering free tubulin dimers or directly inducing microtubule-catastrophe. A crucial role for stathmin in the control of mitosis has been proposed, since both its overexpression and its downregulation induce failure in the correct completion of cell division. Accordingly, stathmin is an important target of the main regulator of M phase, cyclin-dependent kinase 1. AREAS COVERED Recent evidences support a role for stathmin in the regulation of cell growth and motility, both in vitro and in vivo, and indicate its involvement in advanced, invasive and metastatic cancer more than in primary tumors. EXPERT OPINION Many studies suggest that high stathmin expression levels in cancer negatively influence the response to microtubule-targeting drugs. These notions together with the fact that stathmin is expressed at very low levels in most adult tissues strongly support the use of stathmin as marker of prognosis and as target for novel anti-tumoral and anti-metastatic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Belletti
- National Cancer Institute, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Division of Experimental Oncology 2, Via Franco Gallini, 2, 33081 Aviano, Italy
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Trovik J, Wik E, Stefansson IM, Marcickiewicz J, Tingulstad S, Staff AC, Njolstad TS, Vandenput I, Amant F, Akslen LA, Salvesen HB. Stathmin overexpression identifies high-risk patients and lymph node metastasis in endometrial cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17:3368-77. [PMID: 21242118 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-2412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Overexpression of the oncogen Stathmin has been linked to aggressive endometrial carcinoma and a potential for PI3Kinase inhibitors in this disease. We wanted to validate the prognostic value of Stathmin expression in a large prospective multicenter setting. As lymph node sampling is part of current surgical staging, we also aimed to test if Stathmin expression in endometrial curettage specimens could predict lymph node metastasis. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A total of 1,076 endometrial cancer patients have been recruited from 10 centers to investigate the biological tumor marker Stathmin in relation to clinicopathologic variables, including lymph node status and survival. Stathmin immunohistochemical staining was carried out in 477 hysterectomy and 818 curettage specimens. RESULTS Seventy-one percent of the patients (n = 763) were subjected to lymph node sampling, of which 12% had metastatic nodes (n = 94). Overexpression of Stathmin was detected in 37% (302 of 818) of the curettage and in 18% (84 of 477) of the hysterectomy specimens investigated. Stathmin overexpression in curettage and hysterectomy specimens were highly correlated and significantly associated with nonendometrioid histology, high grade, and aneuploidy. Stathmin analysis in preoperative curettage samples significantly correlated with, and was an independent predictor of, lymph node metastases. High Stathmin expression was associated with poor disease-specific survival (P ≤ 0.002) both in curettage and hysterectomy specimens. CONCLUSIONS Stathmin immunohistochemical staining identifies endometrial carcinomas with lymph node metastases and poor survival. The value, as a predictive marker for response to PI3Kinase inhibition and as a tool to stratify patients for lymph node sampling in endometrial carcinomas, remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jone Trovik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
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Lin WC, Chen SC, Chuang YT, Kuo KL, Huang KH. Stathmin Immunoreactivity in Phaeochromocytomas and Paragangliomas: Differential Expression Between Benign and Malignant Neoplasms. Asian J Surg 2011; 34:15-22. [DOI: 10.1016/s1015-9584(11)60013-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2010] [Revised: 12/27/2010] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Hsieh SY, Huang SF, Yu MC, Yeh TS, Chen TC, Lin YJ, Chang CJ, Sung CM, Lee YL, Hsu CY. Stathmin1 overexpression associated with polyploidy, tumor-cell invasion, early recurrence, and poor prognosis in human hepatoma. Mol Carcinog 2010; 49:476-87. [PMID: 20232364 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Frequent intrahepatic metastasis causes early tumor recurrence and dismaying prognosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We recently identified overexpression of stathmin1 (STMN1) in human HCC. This study was designed to elucidate the clinical and biological significance of overexpression of STMN1 in HCC. Expression of STMN1 was conducted by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting assays on 58 pairs of HCC and para-tumor liver tissues from patients with HCC along with normal liver tissues as the controls. Association of STMN1 overexpression with tumor recurrence and prognosis was investigated by Kaplan-Meier cumulative survival and Cox Regression analyses. Roles of STMN1 in cell cycle, cell motility, and invasion were determined by in vitro assays. STMN1 overexpression in hepatoma was strongly associated with local invasion (P = 0.031), early recurrence (P = 0.002), and poor prognosis (P = 0.005), and was an independent indicator for tumor recurrence (P = 0.0045). STMN1 overexpression further identified subgroups of HCC patients with higher tumor recurrence and worse prognosis among HCC patients with early tumor stage (T1) or intermediate histological grades (G2 and G3), both of whom represent the majority of HCC patients receiving primary curative hepatectomy. Silencing STMN1 expression via RNA interference suppressed invasion activity, while ectopic expression of STMN1 enhanced cell invasion and caused polyploidy of cells. In conclusion, STMN1 overexpression could predict early tumor recurrence and poor prognosis, particularly at early stage of hepatoma. Overexpression of STMN1 promoted polyploidy formation, tumor-cell invasion, and intrahepatic metastasis, suggesting that STMN1 can be a target for anti-cancer therapy of human hepatoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen-Yung Hsieh
- Liver Research Unit, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Autorino R, Giannarini G. Editorial comment. Urology 2009; 74:1269-70; author reply 1270. [PMID: 19962525 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2009.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2009] [Revised: 04/11/2009] [Accepted: 05/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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