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Mukherjee AG, Gopalakrishnan AV. Anti-sperm Antibodies as an Increasing Threat to Male Fertility: Immunological Insights, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategies. Reprod Sci 2024:10.1007/s43032-024-01610-y. [PMID: 38831152 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-024-01610-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
It is a fact that sperm possess antigenic properties. Substantial scientific research suggests that specific antibodies that attach to sperm antigens can induce infertility in both humans and other species. Antisperm antibodies (ASA) represent a significant etiology of infertility in humans, leading to immunoinfertility. The association between ASA and infertility is multifaceted. The observation of sperm agglutination, although not conclusive for the diagnosis of immunological infertility, may suggest the presence of ASA. Nevertheless, ASA may also manifest in the lack of any sperm agglutination. Managing ASA from an andrological perspective depends on the underlying cause and the specific approaches healthcare professionals adopt. The precise etiology of male infertility resulting from ASA remains unclear. Current research has examined the impact of ASA and its prevalence among infertile males to understand the relationship between ASA and changes in semen parameters. However, the findings have been inconclusive. Numerous techniques have been documented for the management of immunoinfertility. This review examines the importance of ASA in the context of infertility, encompassing the postulated mechanisms underlying the development of ASA, the various assays employed for detecting them, and the available treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Goutam Mukherjee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
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Huyghe E, Faix A, Methorst C. [Surgery to improve male fertility]. Prog Urol 2023; 33:681-696. [PMID: 38012911 DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2023.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND At a time when increasing attention is being paid to the limitations and risks of in vitro fertilisation techniques, surgeries to improve male fertility are attracting growing interest. METHODS Systematic review based on a Pubmed search of surgeries to improve male fertility. RESULTS Vasovasostomy (VV) gives patency rates of 70-97% and pregnancy rates of 30-76%. Vasoepididymostomy (VE) gives patency rates of 80-84%, with pregnancy rates of 40-44%. The duration of obstruction and the age of the partner are 2 predictive parameters for the occurrence of a natural pregnancy. In cases of obstructive azoospermia due to pelvic obstruction (prostatic cyst, obstruction of the ejaculatory ducts), several surgical procedures may be proposed. Transurethral resection of the ejaculatory ducts leads to an improvement in sperm parameters in 63-83% of patients, with spontaneous pregnancy occurring in 12-31% of cases. Microsurgical cure of varicocele by the subinguinal route is a benchmark technique with recurrence rates of less than 4%. It improves live birth and pregnancy rates, both naturally and by in vitro fertilization, as well as sperm count, motility and DNA fragmentation rates. CONCLUSION Whenever possible, the urologist should present the surgical options for improving male fertility to the ART team and to the couple, discussing the benefit/risk balance of the operation as part of a personalized approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Huyghe
- Département d'urologie, hôpital de Rangueil, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Service de médecine de la reproduction, hôpital Paule-de-Viguier, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; UMR DEFE, Inserm 1203, université de Toulouse, université de Montpellier, Toulouse, France.
| | - Antoine Faix
- Clinique Saint-Roch, 560, avenue du Colonel-Pavelet-dit-Villars, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Charlotte Methorst
- Service de médecine de la reproduction, hôpital des 4-Villes, Saint-Cloud, France
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Sharara FI, Ostermeier GC, Travis AJ. Defects in sperm capacitation/fertilizing ability are equally prevalent across ages in men seeking fertility assistance. Reprod Biomed Online 2023; 46:179-187. [PMID: 36371338 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2022.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION How do capacitation ability, measured by Cap-Score™, and traditional semen analysis measures (volume, concentration, motility) change with age in men questioning their fertility (MQF)? DESIGN Cap-Score and semen analysis measures were obtained from MQF (n = 2652; multicentric design: 35 reproductive endocrinologist prescribers, n = 16 clinics). Morphology was not included due to differences among clinics. A Mann-Whitney test was used to compare Cap-Scores between MQF and men with known recent paternity (n = 76). The following age groups were constructed for MQF: 20-24, 25-29, 30-34, 35-39, 40-44, 45-49 and 50+. Associations between semen analysis, Cap-Score and age groups were evaluated using mixed-model analysis of variance to identify possible influence of Cap-Score collection kit type (n = 763 collected at home; n = 1889 collected at clinics). RESULTS MQF had reduced capacitation ability (mean ± SE; 29.25 ± 0.15 versus 35.34 ± 0.88; P < 0.001). No change in Cap-Score (P = 0.916) or concentration (P = 0.926) was detected with age group. In contrast, both volume (P = 0.008) and % motility (P < 0.001) declined with age. CONCLUSIONS Men presenting because of difficulties in generating pregnancy showed equivalent reductions in capacitation ability regardless of age. In contrast, motility and volume declined with age. These data suggest that capacitation ability is a more sensitive indicator of male fertility across age groups than traditional semen analysis and should not be reserved for older men. Importantly, these data do not address whether sperm fertilizing ability declines in the general population as men age. Instead, they indicate that if men are having difficulty conceiving, no matter what their age, then defects in sperm fertilizing ability are equally likely to be the cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fady I Sharara
- Virginia Center for Reproductive Medicine, Reston VA, USA.
| | | | - Alexander J Travis
- Androvia LifeSciences, Mountainside NJ, USA; Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, Cornell University, Ithaca NY, USA
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Kadian B, Sharma AP, Rohilla M, Gorsi U, Kaur J, Mavuduru RS. Preoperative Predictors for the Presence of Motile Spermatozoa in the Epididymis and Patency of Anastomosis during Microsurgical Vasoepididymal Anastomosis in Patients with Obstructive Azoospermia. J Hum Reprod Sci 2023; 16:22-28. [PMID: 37305778 PMCID: PMC10256949 DOI: 10.4103/jhrs.jhrs_182_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Following microsurgical vaso-epididymal anastomosis (VEA), anastomotic patency with sperm returning to the ejaculate is not always present and may even be delayed. The presence of motile spermatozoa is highly suggestive of future patency following surgery. Aims We prospectively analyse the factors that could predict motile spermatozoa at the epididymis intraoperatively and predictors of patency in patients with obstructive azoospermia (OA) undergoing microsurgical VEA. Settings and Design Department of Urology of a tertiary care centre in Northern India. It is a prospective observational study. Materials and Methods Over a 2-year period (July 2019 to June 2021), 26 patients with idiopathic OA were enrolled in the study. Twenty patients underwent microsurgical VEA. Patients were divided into two groups based on the presence/absence of intraoperative motile spermatozoa. Statistical Analysis Used Analysis of preoperative and intraoperative factors was done using the Mann-Whitney U-test, Chi-squared test and Fischer exact test. Results Out of 20 patients, 5 (group 2) had intraoperative motile spermatozoa in the epididymal fluid and 15 (group 1) had nonmotile spermatozoa. Low luteinising hormone (LH) levels (P = 0.01) and high testosterone levels (P = 0.05) were the predictive of presence of motile spermatozoa in epididymal fluid. Mean follow-up was 9 months (6-18 months). Predictors of higher patency were grade 2 epididymis (firm, turgid and tense) (P = 0.003), low LH levels (P = 0.03), low sertoli cell index (P = 0.006), high sperm-Sertoli index (P = 0.002) and better surgeon satisfaction (P = 0.01). Conclusion Low LH levels and high testosterone levels may be predictive of the presence of motile spermatozoa in epididymal fluid. Firm, turgid and tense epididymis, low Sertoli cell index, high sperm-Sertoli index and surgeon satisfaction suggest a greater chance of success after VEA for idiopathic azoospermia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Manish Rohilla
- Department of Cytology and Gynecology Pathology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ujjwal Gorsi
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Japleen Kaur
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, AIMS, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Punjab, India
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Sharqawi M, Hantisteanu S, Bilgory A, Aslih N, Shibli Abu Raya Y, Atzmon Y, Estrada D, Limonad O, Meisel-Sharon S, Shalom-Paz E. The Impact of Lifestyle on Sperm Function, Telomere Length, and IVF Outcomes. Am J Mens Health 2022; 16:15579883221119931. [PMID: 36121249 PMCID: PMC9490467 DOI: 10.1177/15579883221119931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Many risk factors can potentially influence sperm quality. Telomeres confer stability on the chromosome and their dysfunction has been implicated in conditions such as cancer, aging, and lifestyle. The impact of lifestyle on sperm cell telomeres is unclear. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the impact of lifestyle behaviors on telomere length in sperm and to follow the correlation with pregnancy outcomes in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF). In this prospective observational study, sperm was analyzed for telomere length (TL). Men were asked to report lifestyle behaviors including occupation (physical or sedentary), smoking duration and amount, physical activity, dietary habits, and where they keep their cellular phone (bag, pants, or shirt pocket). Correlations among semen analysis, TL, men's habits, and embryo quality and pregnancy outcomes were evaluated. Among 34 patients recruited, 12 had longer TL and 13 shorter TL. Sperm motility was negatively correlated with TL (Pearson correlation = -.588, p = .002). Smoking adversely affected native sperm motility (53% motility in nonsmokers vs. 37% in smokers; p = .006). However, there was no significant impact on TL. The group with longer telomeres demonstrated significant association with healthy diet (10/12 vs. 6/13; p = .05) and a trend toward more sports activity, weekly (16/84 vs. 7/91; p = .04) compared with the shorter telomeres group. This study suggests that lifestyle, healthy diet, and sports activity are associated with long telomeres in sperm. Sperm quality is also influenced by patients' habits. The study strongly recommends maintaining a healthy lifestyle to preserve general health and fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moamina Sharqawi
- IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel
| | - Shay Hantisteanu
- Gynecological Research Laboratory, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel
| | - Asaf Bilgory
- IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel
| | - Nardin Aslih
- IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel
| | - Yasmin Shibli Abu Raya
- IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel
| | - Yuval Atzmon
- IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel
| | - Daniela Estrada
- IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel
| | - Ofer Limonad
- IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel
| | | | - Einat Shalom-Paz
- IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel,Ruth and Bruce Rappaport School of Medicine, The Technion Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel,Einat Shalom-Paz, Director of IVF Unit, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hashalom St., Hadera 38100, Israel.
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Leathersich S, Hart RJ. Immune infertility in men. Fertil Steril 2022; 117:1121-1131. [PMID: 35367058 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2022.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Male factors are implicated as the cause of roughly half of cases of infertility, and the presence of antisperm antibodies (ASA) may be responsible for some of these. Their presence is associated with a reduction in natural conception and live birth and impacts the success of assisted reproductive technologies. Interpretation of the data regarding ASAs and fertility is complicated by a lack of standardization in testing methodology and test thresholds and a lack of data on their prevalence in the healthy fertile population. Although their pathogenesis remains elusive, and many cases are idiopathic, a disruption in the immunologic blood-testis barrier (BTB) appears to contribute to the formation of ASA. As delineation of the specific antigen targets of ASA advances, it has been recognized that they may affect almost all aspects of sperm function, and ASA against different targets likely have specific mechanisms of impairing fertility. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) appears to be the most reliable method by which to overcome fertility impairment due to ASA, achieving similar outcomes to ASA-negative patients with regard to fertilization rates, embryonic development, clinical pregnancy rates, and live birth rates. The lack of consistency in testing for and reporting ASA remains a substantial barrier to achieving clarity in describing their role in infertility and the optimal management approach, and future research should use a unified approach to the detection and description of ASA. Determination of the specific antigens targeted by ASA, and their function and clinical relevance, would contribute to improving the understanding of ASA-mediated impacts on fertility and tailoring treatment appropriately to achieve the best outcomes for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Leathersich
- King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth, Australia; Fertility Specialists of Western Australia, Claremont, Australia
| | - Roger J Hart
- King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth, Australia; Fertility Specialists of Western Australia, Claremont, Australia; Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
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Dubin JM, White J, Ory J, Ramasamy R. Vasectomy reversal vs. sperm retrieval with in vitro fertilization: a contemporary, comparative analysis. Fertil Steril 2021; 115:1377-1383. [PMID: 34053510 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2021.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the primary options available to men who desire fertility after a vasectomy. DESIGN Literature review. SETTING University of Miami Miller School of Medicine. PATIENT(S) Men with a previous vasectomy now seeking fertility. INTERVENTION(S) The two main options to achieve paternity for men following vasectomy include vasectomy reversal (VR) and surgical sperm retrieval with subsequent in vitro fertilization (IVF). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) We reviewed and compared the important considerations for men deciding between these 2 options, including: obstructive interval, female partner age, antisperm antibodies, male partner age, female infertility factors, and cost. RESULT(S) Both VR and IVF represent reasonable options for the couple seeking fertility after vasectomy. Specific circumstances may favor one modality over another, depending on obstructive interval, possible female fertility factors, female partner age, male partner age, and cost. In the absence of insurance coverage, VR is often more cost-effective than IVF. Alternatively, when a female factor may contribute to infertility in addition to vasectomy, IVF is often the better choice. Antisperm antibodies are unlikely to contribute to infertility following a successful VR. CONCLUSION(S) VR or surgical sperm retrieval with IVF are reasonable options for couples seeking children after vasectomy. Pregnancy rates for both options are overall similar, so prior to pursuing either option, a thorough discussion with a reproductive urologist who possesses microsurgical skills in VR and a reproductive endocrinologist with expertise in IVF is imperative. Making a final choice through shared decision-making while considering these points is ideal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Dubin
- Department of Urology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.
| | - Joshua White
- Department of Urology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia
| | - Jesse Ory
- Department of Urology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Ranjith Ramasamy
- Department of Urology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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Yang F, Li J, Dong L, Tan K, Huang X, Zhang P, Liu X, Chang D, Yu X. Review of Vasectomy Complications and Safety Concerns. World J Mens Health 2021; 39:406-418. [PMID: 32777870 PMCID: PMC8255399 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.200073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Vasectomy is a simple, safe, effective, and economical method used worldwide for long-term male contraception. As a surgical operation, it has short-term and long-term complications such as hematoma formation, infection, sterilization failure, sperm granulomas, short-term postoperative pain (nodal pain, scrotal pain, and ejaculation pain), and chronic pain syndrome. Whether it increases the risk of autoimmune disease, cardiovascular disease, testicular cancer, or prostate cancer is still controversial. Changes in plasma concentrations of luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and testosterone after vasectomy have also been studied, as well as the relation between vasectomy and sexual function. Sperm quality decreases very slowly after vasectomy, and vasovasostomy and intracytoplasmic sperm injection could help a couple achieve a pregnancy if they change their minds at any point. We include a follow-up strategy and suggestions for follow-up care at the end of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Junjun Li
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Dong
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Kun Tan
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaopeng Huang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Peihai Zhang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaozhang Liu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Degui Chang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xujun Yu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
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Maghsoumi-Norouzabad L, Zare Javid A, Aiiashi S, Hosseini SA, Dadfar M, Bazyar H, Dastoorpur M. The Impact of Obesity on Various Semen Parameters and Sex Hormones in Iranian Men with Infertility: A Cross-Sectional Study. Res Rep Urol 2020; 12:357-365. [PMID: 32944568 PMCID: PMC7481269 DOI: 10.2147/rru.s258617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to examine the correlations between body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) and semen parameters (semen volume, sperm count, motility, and morphology) and sex hormones in Iranian men with infertility. Materials and Methods In this cross-sectional study, a total of 119 male patients who had lived as a partner in an infertile couple for at least 1 year, after regular unprotected sexual intercourse in their married life were investigated. BMI and WC were assessed, and a morning blood sample was taken assessing serum levels of testosterone (T), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), prolactin (PRL), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol (E2) and leptin. Semen-analysis parameters were also measured. Results Based on BMI and WC, the sperm count, total motility and progressive sperm were significantly lower in overweight and obese infertile males compared to that in normal weight infertile males and those with WC<102 cm. In addition, the fraction of sperm with abnormal morphology was significantly higher in infertile men with WC>102 cm compared to that in those with WC<102 cm. Moreover serum levels of LH, FSH, and leptin were significantly higher in overweight and obese infertile males compared to that in normal weight infertile males and those with WC<102 cm. Moreover serum level of E2 was significantly higher in obese infertile males compared to the normal weight infertile males and in those with WC>102 cm compared to the WC<102 cm. Furthermore, serum level of T was significantly lower in obese infertile males compared to the overweight infertile males and in those with WC>102 cm compared to the WC<102 cm. The mean of T/E2 ratio also was significantly lower in obese infertile males vs overweight and normal weight infertile males and in those with WC>102 cm compared to the WC<102 cm. Conclusion We concluded that overweight and obesity in infertile men compared to those with normal weight may worsen the infertility situation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmad Zare Javid
- Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Saleh Aiiashi
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Seyed Ahmad Hosseini
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Dadfar
- Department of Urology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hadi Bazyar
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Dastoorpur
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Li F, Yang Q, Shi H, Xin H, Luo X, Sun Y. Effects of obesity on sperm retrieval, early embryo quality and clinical outcomes in men with nonobstructive azoospermia undergoing testicular sperm aspiration-intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles. Andrologia 2019; 51:e13265. [PMID: 30854691 DOI: 10.1111/and.13265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the effects of body mass index (BMI) on sperm retrieval, early embryo quality and clinical outcomes in patients with nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) undergoing testicular sperm aspiration-intracytoplasmic sperm injection (TESA-ICSI). A total of 3,005 infertile couples were evaluated between January 2010 and June 2017, including 1585 normal-weight (BMI < 25 kg/m2 ), 847 overweight (BMI 25-29.99 kg/m2 ) and 573 obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 ) patients. We found no significant relationship between BMI and sperm retrieval rate (22.4%, 24.3% and 25.1%, p = 0.327) or sperm motility. Among the 705 patients with NOA who underwent TESA-ICSI cycles, obese individuals had lower T levels and higher E2 levels than normal-weight and overweight individuals. However, there were no significant differences in other male hormones (follicle stimulating hormone [FSH], luteinizing hormone [LH], or prolactin [PRL]) among the groups. We also found that the sperm parameters, embryo quality and clinical outcomes of patients with NOA undergoing TESA-ICSI were not influenced by high BMI levels. In conclusion, this study demonstrated a lack of obvious effects of obesity on sperm retrieval, early embryo quality and clinical outcomes in infertile men undergoing TESA-ICSI cycles, although T and E2 levels were affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Li
- Reproductive Medical Center and Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qingling Yang
- Reproductive Medical Center and Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hao Shi
- Reproductive Medical Center and Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hang Xin
- Reproductive Medical Center and Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Luo
- Reproductive Medical Center and Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yingpu Sun
- Reproductive Medical Center and Henan Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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11
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Namekawa T, Imamoto T, Kato M, Komiya A, Ichikawa T. Vasovasostomy and vasoepididymostomy: Review of the procedures, outcomes, and predictors of patency and pregnancy over the last decade. Reprod Med Biol 2018; 17:343-355. [PMID: 30377390 PMCID: PMC6194271 DOI: 10.1002/rmb2.12207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the era of improving assisted reproductive technology (ART), patients with obstructive azoospermia (OA) have 2 options: vasal repair or testicular sperm extraction with intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Vasal repair, including vasovasostomy (VV) and vasoepididymostomy (VE), is the only option that leads to natural conception. METHODS This article reviews the surgical techniques, outcomes, and predictors of postoperative patency and pregnancy, with a focus on articles that have reported over the last 10 years, using PubMed database searches. MAIN FINDINGS The reported mean patency rate was 87% and the mean pregnancy rate was 49% for a patient following microscopic VV and/or VE for vasectomy reversal. Recently, robot-assisted techniques were introduced and have achieved a high rate of success. The predictors and predictive models of postoperative patency and pregnancy also have been reported. The obstructive interval, presence of a granuloma, and intraoperative sperm findings predict postoperative patency. These factors also predict postoperative fertility. In addition, the female partner's age and the same female partner correlate with pregnancy after surgery. CONCLUSION In the era of ART, the physician should present and discuss with both the patient with OA and his partner the most appropriate procedure to conceive by using these predictors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Namekawa
- Department of UrologyGraduate School of MedicineChiba UniversityChibaJapan
| | - Takashi Imamoto
- Department of UrologyGraduate School of MedicineChiba UniversityChibaJapan
| | - Mayuko Kato
- Department of UrologyGraduate School of MedicineChiba UniversityChibaJapan
| | - Akira Komiya
- Department of UrologyGraduate School of MedicineChiba UniversityChibaJapan
| | - Tomohiko Ichikawa
- Department of UrologyGraduate School of MedicineChiba UniversityChibaJapan
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12
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Ramaraju GA, Teppala S, Prathigudupu K, Kalagara M, Thota S, Kota M, Cheemakurthi R. Association between obesity and sperm quality. Andrologia 2017; 50. [DOI: 10.1111/and.12888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G. A. Ramaraju
- Center for Assisted Reproduction; Krishna IVF Clinic; Visakhapatnam India
| | - S. Teppala
- Center for Assisted Reproduction; Krishna IVF Clinic; Visakhapatnam India
| | - K. Prathigudupu
- Center for Assisted Reproduction; Krishna IVF Clinic; Visakhapatnam India
| | - M. Kalagara
- Center for Assisted Reproduction; Krishna IVF Clinic; Visakhapatnam India
| | - S. Thota
- Center for Assisted Reproduction; Krishna IVF Clinic; Visakhapatnam India
| | - M. Kota
- Center for Assisted Reproduction; Krishna IVF Clinic; Visakhapatnam India
| | - R. Cheemakurthi
- Center for Assisted Reproduction; Krishna IVF Clinic; Visakhapatnam India
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13
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Abstract
Vasectomy is a safe and effective method of contraception used by 42–60 million men worldwide. Approximately 3%–6% of men opt for a vasectomy reversal due to the death of a child or divorce and remarriage, change in financial situation, desire for more children within the same marriage, or to alleviate the dreaded postvasectomy pain syndrome. Unlike vasectomy, vasectomy reversal is a much more technically challenging procedure that is performed only by a minority of urologists and places a larger financial strain on the patient since it is usually not covered by insurance. Interest in this procedure has increased since the operating microscope became available in the 1970s, which consequently led to improved patency and pregnancy rates following the procedure. In this clinical update, we discuss patient evaluation, variables that may influence reversal success rates, factors to consider in choosing to perform vasovasostomy versus vasoepididymostomy, and the usefulness of vasectomy reversal to alleviate postvasectomy pain syndrome. We also review the use of robotics for vasectomy reversal and other novel techniques and instrumentation that have emerged in recent years to aid in the success of this surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan P Smith
- Department of Urology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0422, USA
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14
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Yasin AL, Yasin AL, Basha WS. The Epidemiology of Anti-Sperm Antibodies Among Couples with Unexplained Infertility in North West Bank, Palestine. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:QC01-3. [PMID: 27134944 PMCID: PMC4843329 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/15788.7380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anti sperm antibodies (ASA) can present in serum and semen and they may lead to impair the sperms function leading to infertility. The precise mechanism of generation of these antibodies is yet to be discovered. AIM This study was performed to determine the prevalence of anti-sperm antibodies (ASA) in patients with unexplained infertility. The study was initiated also to explore the possible factors that may associate with ASA formation and how ASA status is associated with pregnancy rates after going with in vitro fertilization - intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF-ICSI). MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on 42 normal infertile couples consulting Razan Medical Center for Infertility & I.V.F. in Nablus, Palestine, from December 2012 - March 2013. Serum levels of immunoglobulins G (IgG) ASA were measured in participants (males and females) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, participants also filled a questionnaire about the presence of previous varicocele repair, inguinal hernia repair, orchitis, testicular trauma and vasectomy reversal among males and severe coitus bleeding and coitus during menses or puerperium among females. Couples were also asked about previous IVF-ICSI procedures and the outcome of the procedure in terms of either they got pregnant or not. Data was analysed using SPSS software. RESULTS The prevalence of ASA was 14.3% (6/42) among all couples, 9.5% (4/42) among males and 4.8% (2/42) among females. There was no significant relationship between previous varicocele repair, previous inguinal hernia repair, or orchitis and formation of ASA (p value =0.64, 0.56, and 0.26 respectively). Previous trauma, vasovasostomy, severe coitus bleeding and coitus during menses or puerperium were not observed in any of the study sample. ASA did not seem to affect the outcome of IVF-ICSI (p-value =0.54). CONCLUSION Prevalence of ASA in infertile couples in the north part of Palestine is similar to that obtained worldwide. ASA formation does not relate to any of the studied risk factors and does not seem to associate with pregnancy rate after IVF-ICSI. We recommend further studies using a larger sample size and including all parts of Palestine in order to generalize the obtained results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anas Lotfi Yasin
- Research and Teaching Assistant, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | | | - Walid Salim Basha
- Professor and Head, Department of Biomedical Sciences-Faculty of Medicne and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
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15
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Abstract
The prevalence of overweight and obesity in reproductive-aged men is increasing worldwide, with >70% of men >18 years classified as overweight or obese in some western nations. Male obesity is associated with male subfertility, impairing sex hormones, reducing sperm counts, increasing oxidative sperm DNA damage and changing the epigenetic status of sperm. These changes to sperm function as a result of obesity, are further associated with impaired embryo development, reduced live birth rates and increased miscarriage rates in humans. Animal models have suggested that these adverse reproductive effects can be transmitted to the offspring; suggesting that men's health at conception may affect the health of their children. In addition to higher adiposity, male obesity is associated with comorbidities, including metabolic syndrome, hypercholesterolemia, hyperleptinemia and a pro-inflammatory state, all which have independently been linked with male subfertility. Taken together, these findings suggest that the effects of male obesity on fertility are likely multifactorial, with associated comorbidities also influencing sperm, pregnancy and subsequent child health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole O McPherson
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, The Robinson Institute, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia; Freemasons Foundation Center for Mens Health, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia,
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16
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Davidson LM, Millar K, Jones C, Fatum M, Coward K. Deleterious effects of obesity upon the hormonal and molecular mechanisms controlling spermatogenesis and male fertility. HUM FERTIL 2015. [DOI: 10.3109/14647273.2015.1070438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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17
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Vazquez-Levin MH, Marín-Briggiler CI, Veaute C. Antisperm antibodies: invaluable tools toward the identification of sperm proteins involved in fertilization. Am J Reprod Immunol 2014; 72:206-18. [PMID: 24863647 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of sperm proteins involved in fertilization has been the subject of numerous investigations. Much interest has been dedicated to naturally occurring antisperm antibodies (ASA) and their impact in fertility. Their presence in men and women has been associated with 2-50% of infertility cases. ASA may impair pre- and post-fertilization steps. Experimental models have been developed using sperm proteins as immunogens to evaluate their involvement in sperm function. Our team has pursued investigations to assess ASA presence in biological fluids from patients consulting for infertility and their effect on fertilization. We found ASA in follicular fluids with ability of inducing the acrosome reaction and blocking sperm-zona pellucida interaction and used them to identify sperm entities involved in these events. We generated and utilized antibodies against proacrosin/acrosin to characterize the sperm protease system. We implemented an ELISA to detect proacrosin/acrosin antibodies in human sera and evaluated their impact upon fertility by developing in vitro assays and a gene immunization model. This review presents a summary of ASA history, etiology, current approaches for detection and effects upon fertility. ASA (naturally occurring, generated by animal immunization and/or of commercial origin) are invaluable tools to understand the molecular basis of fertilization, better diagnose/treat immunoinfertility and develop immunocontraceptive methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica H Vazquez-Levin
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Mui P, Perkins A, Burrows PJ, Marks SF, Turek PJ. The need for epididymovasostomy at vasectomy reversal plateaus in older vasectomies: a study of 1229 cases. Andrology 2013; 2:25-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2047-2927.2013.00143.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2013] [Revised: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Mui
- The Turek Clinic San Francisco CAUSA
| | - A. Perkins
- International Center for Vasectomy Reversal Tucson AZ USA
| | - P. J. Burrows
- International Center for Vasectomy Reversal Tucson AZ USA
| | - S. F. Marks
- International Center for Vasectomy Reversal Tucson AZ USA
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19
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McPherson NO, Bakos HW, Owens JA, Setchell BP, Lane M. Improving metabolic health in obese male mice via diet and exercise restores embryo development and fetal growth. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71459. [PMID: 23977045 PMCID: PMC3747240 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Paternal obesity is now clearly associated with or causal of impaired embryo and fetal development and reduced pregnancy rates in humans and rodents. This appears to be a result of reduced blastocyst potential. Whether these adverse embryo and fetal outcomes can be ameliorated by interventions to reduce paternal obesity has not been established. Here, male mice fed a high fat diet (HFD) to induce obesity were used, to determine if early embryo and fetal development is improved by interventions of diet (CD) and/or exercise to reduce adiposity and improve metabolism. Exercise and to a lesser extent CD in obese males improved embryo development rates, with increased cell to cell contacts in the compacting embryo measured by E-cadherin in exercise interventions and subsequently, increased blastocyst trophectoderm (TE), inner cell mass (ICM) and epiblast cell numbers. Implantation rates and fetal development from resulting blastocysts were also improved by exercise in obese males. Additionally, all interventions to obese males increased fetal weight, with CD alone and exercise alone, also increasing fetal crown-rump length. Measures of embryo and fetal development correlated with paternal measures of glycaemia, insulin action and serum lipids regardless of paternal adiposity or intervention, suggesting a link between paternal metabolic health and subsequent embryo and fetal development. This is the first study to show that improvements to metabolic health of obese males through diet and exercise can improve embryo and fetal development, suggesting such interventions are likely to improve offspring health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole O. McPherson
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Hassan W. Bakos
- School of Medicine, Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Repromed, Dulwich, South Australia, Australia
| | - Julie A. Owens
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Brian P. Setchell
- School of Medical Sciences, Discipline of Anatomy, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Michelle Lane
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Repromed, Dulwich, South Australia, Australia
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20
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Palmer NO, Bakos HW, Fullston T, Lane M. Impact of obesity on male fertility, sperm function and molecular composition. SPERMATOGENESIS 2012; 2:253-263. [PMID: 23248766 PMCID: PMC3521747 DOI: 10.4161/spmg.21362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Male obesity in reproductive-age men has nearly tripled in the past 30 y and coincides with an increase in male infertility worldwide. There is now emerging evidence that male obesity impacts negatively on male reproductive potential not only reducing sperm quality, but in particular altering the physical and molecular structure of germ cells in the testes and ultimately mature sperm. Recent data has shown that male obesity also impairs offspring metabolic and reproductive health suggesting that paternal health cues are transmitted to the next generation with the mediator mostly likely occurring via the sperm. Interestingly the molecular profile of germ cells in the testes and sperm from obese males is altered with changes to epigenetic modifiers. The increasing prevalence of male obesity calls for better public health awareness at the time of conception, with a better understanding of the molecular mechanism involved during spermatogenesis required along with the potential of interventions in reversing these deleterious effects. This review will focus on how male obesity affects fertility and sperm quality with a focus on proposed mechanisms and the potential reversibility of these adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole O. Palmer
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health; The Robinson Institute; Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; The University of Adelaide; Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - Hassan W. Bakos
- School of Medicine; Discipline of Medicine; The University of Adelaide; Adelaide, SA Australia
- Repromed; Dulwich, SA Australia
| | - Tod Fullston
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health; The Robinson Institute; Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; The University of Adelaide; Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - Michelle Lane
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health; The Robinson Institute; Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; The University of Adelaide; Adelaide, SA Australia
- Repromed; Dulwich, SA Australia
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21
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Abstract
Obesity has become a new worldwide health problem with significant impact not only on cardiovascular diseases but also on many other related disorders, highlighting infertility. Obesity may adversely affect male reproduction by endocrinologic, thermal, genetic, and sexual mechanisms. There is good evidence that obesity can be associated with reduced sperm concentrations, but studies about sperm motility, morphology, and DNA fragmentation have been less numerous and more conflicting. Although weight loss is the cornerstone of the treatment of obesity-related infertility, with promising results in restoring fertility and normal hormonal profiles, bariatric surgery impact on male fertility is still unclear and until now there is not enough data to support the informed consent in this scenario. Physicians are encouraged to highlight possible positive and/or negative impacts concerning male capacity of fertilization when informing patients. A balanced judgment and a personalized case-by-case management with patient involvement in decisions are fundamental in this setting and indication of cryopreservation of semen samples should be considered in selected circumstances. Well-structured trials controlled for confounders including female factors and based on solid outcomes (ie, birth rates) must urgently come up to clarify this emerging scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Oliveira Reis
- Division of Urology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Unicamp, Brazil.
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22
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Palmer NO, Bakos HW, Owens JA, Setchell BP, Lane M. Diet and exercise in an obese mouse fed a high-fat diet improve metabolic health and reverse perturbed sperm function. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2012; 302:E768-80. [PMID: 22252945 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00401.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Male obesity is associated with reduced sperm motility and morphology and increased sperm DNA damage and oxidative stress; however, the reversibility of these phenotypes has never been studied. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the reversibility of obesity and its associated sperm physiology and function in mice in response to weight loss through diet and exercise. C57BL6 male mice (n = 40) were fed either a control diet (CD; 6% fat) or a high-fat diet (HFD; 21% fat) for 10 wk before allocation to either diet and/or swimming exercise interventions for 8 wk. Diet alone reduced adiposity (1.6-fold) and serum cholesterol levels (1.7-fold, P < 0.05), while exercise alone did not alter these, but exercise plus diet also improved glucose tolerance (1.3-fold, P < 0.05). Diet and/or exercise improved sperm motility (1.2-fold) and morphology (1.1-fold, P < 0.05), and reduced sperm DNA damage (1.5-fold), reactive oxygen species (1.1-fold), and mitochondrial membrane potential (1.2-fold, P < 0.05) and increased sperm binding (1.4-fold) (P < 0.05). Sperm parameters were highly correlated with measures of glycemia, insulin action, and serum cholesterol (all P < 0.05) regardless of adiposity or intervention, suggesting a link between systemic metabolic status and sperm function. This is the first study to show that the abnormal sperm physiology resulting from obesity can be reversed through diet and exercise, even in the presence of ongoing obesity, suggesting that diet and lifestyle interventions could be a combined approach to target subfertility in overweight and obese men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole O Palmer
- School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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23
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Stubbins RE, Holcomb VB, Hong J, Núñez NP. Estrogen modulates abdominal adiposity and protects female mice from obesity and impaired glucose tolerance. Eur J Nutr 2011; 51:861-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-011-0266-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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