1
|
Wang Y, Xue J, Su Z, Cui Y, Liu G, Yang W, Liu Z, Chen J, Ren Q, Yu S, Cheng Y, Zhou Y, Wang W, Chen X, Qu D, Deng Q, Zhao Y, Yang H. Pharmacokinetics and safety of dasatinib and its generic: a phase I bioequivalence study in healthy Chinese subjects. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2023; 32:263-270. [PMID: 36757390 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2023.2179481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dasatinib (Sprycel®) is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor for treating chronic myeloid leukemia and Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia. RESEARCH DESIGN & METHODS We designed a clinical study to demonstrate that the dasatinib tablet (YiNiShu®) (Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd) and Dasatinib (Bristol Myers Squibb) were bioequivalent under fasting and fed conditions. The whole study was structured into the fasting trial and the postprandial trial. Each period, subjects were given 50 mg dasatinib or its generic. The RSABE (reference scale average bioequivalence) and ABE (average bioequivalence) methods were employed to assess bioequivalence by pharmacokinetics (PK) parameters for a highly variable drug. RESULTS 32 and 24 eligible volunteers were enrolled in the fasting and postprandial trials, respectively. In the fasting trial, the RSABE method was performed, and point estimates of Cmax, AUC0-t, and AUC0-∞ met the bioequivalence criteria. In the postprandial trial, the ABE method was performed, and the 90% CI of the geometric mean ratio (GMR) for PK parameters met the requirements of bioequivalence standards. CONCLUSION The results proved that the PK parameters of the two drugs were similar and bioequivalent, indicating that both drugs had a good safety profile. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (Number: NCT05640804) and Drug Clinical Trial Registration and Information Disclosure Platform (Number: CTR20181708).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Wang
- Phase I Clinical Trial Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Jinling Xue
- Department of clinical research center Clinical Research Center, Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengjie Su
- Phase I Clinical Trial Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yingzi Cui
- Phase I Clinical Trial Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Guangwen Liu
- Phase I Clinical Trial Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Phase I Clinical Trial Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Zhengzhi Liu
- Phase I Clinical Trial Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Jiahui Chen
- Phase I Clinical Trial Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Qing Ren
- Phase I Clinical Trial Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Shuang Yu
- Phase I Clinical Trial Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Cheng
- Phase I Clinical Trial Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yannan Zhou
- Phase I Clinical Trial Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Wanhua Wang
- Phase I Clinical Trial Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xuesong Chen
- The Clinical Trial Quality Control Center, Ansiterui Medical Technology Consulting Co., Ltd, Changchun, China
| | - Dongmei Qu
- The Clinical Trial Quality Control Center, Ansiterui Medical Technology Consulting Co., Ltd, Changchun, China
| | - Qiaohuan Deng
- Phase I Clinical Trial Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yicheng Zhao
- Puheng Technology Co., Ltd, Suzhou, China.,Clinical Medical College, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Haimiao Yang
- Phase I Clinical Trial Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gao L, Han B, Dong X. The Androgen Receptor and Its Crosstalk With the Src Kinase During Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer Progression. Front Oncol 2022; 12:905398. [PMID: 35832549 PMCID: PMC9271573 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.905398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While the androgen receptor (AR) signalling is the mainstay therapeutic target for metastatic prostate cancers, these tumours will inevitably develop therapy resistance to AR pathway inhibitors suggesting that prostate tumour cells possess the capability to develop mechanisms to bypass their dependency on androgens and/or AR to survive and progress. In many studies, protein kinases such as Src are reported to promote prostate tumour progression. Specifically, the pro-oncogene tyrosine Src kinase regulates prostate cancer cell proliferation, adhesion, invasion, and metastasis. Not only can Src be activated under androgen depletion, low androgen, and supraphysiological androgen conditions, but also through crosstalk with other oncogenic pathways. Reciprocal activations between Src and AR proteins had also been reported. These findings rationalize Src inhibitors to be used to treat castrate-resistant prostate tumours. Although several Src inhibitors had advanced to clinical trials, the failure to observe patient benefits from these studies suggests that further evaluation of the roles of Src in prostate tumours is required. Here, we summarize the interplay between Src and AR signalling during castrate-resistant prostate cancer progression to provide insights on possible approaches to treat prostate cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Gao
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bo Han
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xuesen Dong
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Xuesen Dong,
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chau V, Madan RA, Aragon-Ching JB. Protein kinase inhibitors for the treatment of prostate cancer. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2021; 22:1889-1899. [PMID: 33989112 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2021.1925250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Protein kinases have emerged as targetable pathways used in metastatic prostate cancer given their role in prostatic tumor growth, proliferation and metastases. Protein kinase inhibitors are small molecules that target varying pathways including the breakpoint cluster region (BCR)-Abelson tyrosine kinase (ABL), colony stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF1R), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/VEGF receptor (VEGFR) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathways and have been studied in prostate cancer trials with variable results. In particular, cabozantinib when used in combination trials and ipatasertib, when used with abiraterone in patients who harbor phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) loss, have been promising. AREAS COVERED This article reviews the key early and late phase clinical trials currently investigating the use of protein kinase inhibitors in prostate cancer. EXPERT OPINION While multiple kinase inhibitors show promising results in prostate cancer, none have yet garnered Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval. Studies are ongoing with the best candidate drugs discussed herein. However, multiple drugs have failed primary endpoints in prostate cancer. Therefore, further understanding of the potential mechanisms of resistance, combination and trial design of combination therapy may help pave the way for targeting kinase inhibition in prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Chau
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ravi A Madan
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeanny B Aragon-Ching
- Genitourinary Cancers, Inova Medical Group, Inova Schar Cancer Institute, Fairfax, VA, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia University School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Whole-Body [ 18F]-Fluoride PET SUV Imaging to Monitor Response to Dasatinib Therapy in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Bone Metastases: Secondary Results from ACRIN 6687. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 7:139-153. [PMID: 33923126 PMCID: PMC8167705 DOI: 10.3390/tomography7020013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
ACRIN 6687, a multi-center clinical trial evaluating differential response of bone metastases to dasatinib in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), used [18F]-fluoride (NaF) PET imaging. We extend previous ACRIN 6687 dynamic imaging results by examining NaF whole-body (WB) static SUV PET scans acquired after dynamic scanning. Eighteen patients underwent WB NaF imaging prior to and 12 weeks into dasatinib treatment. Regional VOI analysis of the most NaF avid bone metastases and an automated whole-body method using Quantitative Total Bone Imaging software (QTBI; AIQ Solutions, Inc., Madison, WI, USA) were used. We assessed differences in tumor and normal bone, between pre- and on-treatment dasatinib, and evaluated parameters in association with PFS and OS. Significant decrease in average SUVmax and average SUVpeak occurred in response to dasatinib. Univariate and multivariate analysis showed NaF uptake had significant association with PFS. Pharmacodynamic changes with dasatinib in tumor bone can be identified by WB NaF PET in men with mCRPC. WB PET has the benefit of examining the entire body and is less complicated than single FOV dynamic imaging.
Collapse
|
5
|
Spetsieris N, Boukovala M, Weldon JA, Tsikkinis A, Hoang A, Aparicio A, Tu SM, Araujo JC, Zurita AJ, Corn PG, Pagliaro L, Kim J, Wang J, Subudhi SK, Tannir NM, Logothetis CJ, Troncoso P, Wang X, Wen S, Efstathiou E. A Phase 2 Trial of Abiraterone Followed by Randomization to Addition of Dasatinib or Sunitinib in Men With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2021; 19:22-31.e5. [PMID: 32675015 PMCID: PMC10014037 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2020.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance to novel androgen signaling inhibition and metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) progression is likely dependent on tumor microenvironment interactions. The Src pathway and neoangiogenesis have been implicated in prostate cancer progression. We studied the effect of adding the targeted agents dasatinib and sunitinib to abiraterone acetate (AA) in men with mCRPC. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this open-label randomized phase 2 study, mCRPC patients received AA. At resistance to AA, they were randomized 1:1 to combination with dasatinib or sunitinib. At second progression, patients crossed over. The primary end point was time to treatment failure (TTF), defined as time to progression or death. Secondary end points included overall survival and safety. RESULTS From March 2011 to February 2015, a total of 179 patients were enrolled and 132 subsequently randomized. Median TTF was 5.7 months in the dasatinib group and 5.5 months in the sunitinib group. There was no difference between the two groups in terms of TTF (hazard ratio, 0.85; 95% confidence interval, 0.59-1.22). Median overall survival from study entry was 26.3 months in the dasatinib group and 27.7 months in the sunitinib group (hazard ratio, 1.02; 95% confidence interval, 0.71-1.47). Grade 3 or higher adverse events related to study medication were more frequent with sunitinib (n = 44, 46%) compared to dasatinib (n = 26, 24%). At data cutoff, 7 patients were experiencing a continuous response to AA, with a median duration of treatment of 5.7 years. CONCLUSION There is no difference in overall survival and TTF between dasatinib and sunitinib combined with abiraterone in the treatment of patients with bone mCRPC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Spetsieris
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Myrto Boukovala
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Justin A Weldon
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Alexandros Tsikkinis
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Anh Hoang
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Ana Aparicio
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Shi-Ming Tu
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - John C Araujo
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Amado J Zurita
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Paul G Corn
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Lance Pagliaro
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Jeri Kim
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Jennifer Wang
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Sumit K Subudhi
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Nizar M Tannir
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Christopher J Logothetis
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Patricia Troncoso
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Sijin Wen
- Department of Biostatistics, West Virginia University School of Public Health, Morgantown, WV
| | - Eleni Efstathiou
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xue J, Zhang Z, Hu H. Prostate Cancer Growth Inhibition by 1-(3,5-Dimethylphenyl)-6-methyl-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridin-4(5H)-one via Down-regulation of Phosphorylation PI3K/AKT and STA3/JAK2. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2020; 495:347-353. [PMID: 33368049 DOI: 10.1134/s160767292006006x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, 1-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-6-methyl-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]pyridin-4 (5H)-one (DPMPP) was investigated as an antiproliferative agent for prostate cancer cells and the mechanism of its action was studied. Cell lines 22Rv1 and SGC‑7901 were used as in vitro models of prostate cancer. The DPMPP treatment inhibited proliferation of 22Rv1 and SGC‑7901 cells in dose-depended manner. The viability of 22Rv1 and SGC‑7901 cells was reduced to 21 and 19%, respectively after treatment with 32 µM DPMPP. In DPMPP treated (16 µM) 22Rv1 and SGC‑7901 cells apoptosis increased to 62.78 and 68.51%, respectively. Moreover, DPMPP treatment caused cell cycle arrest in S phase and inhibition of PI3K/AKT activation. In the same time ROS production showed elevation and MMP (Matrix MetalloProteinase) decreased in the cells. Apparently DPMPP induces cytotoxicity through induction of oxidative response and apoptosis in prostate cancer cells in vitro. The PI3K/Akt/ERK phosphorylation was inhibited, while p21 and p53, death receptor, expression was promoted by DPMPP treatment. Therefore, DPMPP has a potential to be used as a therapeutic agent for treatment of prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingxin Xue
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Jinan Third Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, 250132, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Zhenwei Zhang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Jinan Third Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, 250132, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Heyi Hu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Jinan Third Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, 250132, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Src Family Kinases as Therapeutic Targets in Advanced Solid Tumors: What We Have Learned so Far. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061448. [PMID: 32498343 PMCID: PMC7352436 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Src is the prototypal member of Src Family tyrosine Kinases (SFKs), a large non-receptor kinase class that controls multiple signaling pathways in animal cells. SFKs activation is necessary for the mitogenic signal from many growth factors, but also for the acquisition of migratory and invasive phenotype. Indeed, oncogenic activation of SFKs has been demonstrated to play an important role in solid cancers; promoting tumor growth and formation of distant metastases. Several drugs targeting SFKs have been developed and tested in preclinical models and many of them have successfully reached clinical use in hematologic cancers. Although in solid tumors SFKs inhibitors have consistently confirmed their ability in blocking cancer cell progression in several experimental models; their utilization in clinical trials has unveiled unexpected complications against an effective utilization in patients. In this review, we summarize basic molecular mechanisms involving SFKs in cancer spreading and metastasization; and discuss preclinical and clinical data highlighting the main challenges for their future application as therapeutic targets in solid cancer progression
Collapse
|
8
|
Dorff TB, Quinn DI, Pinski JK, Goldkorn A, Sadeghi S, Tsao-Wei D, Groshen S, Kuhn P, Gross ME. Randomized Phase II Trial of Abiraterone Alone or With Dasatinib in Men With Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC). Clin Genitourin Cancer 2019; 17:241-247.e1. [PMID: 31227432 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Signaling via the Src pathway is thought to be a mediator of resistance to androgen targeted therapy in prostate cancer. We studied whether adding the Src inhibitor dasatinib to abiraterone would delay progression. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eligible patients had metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), without prior chemotherapy. Abiraterone was prescribed at 1000 mg daily with prednisone 5 mg twice daily in both arms, and dasatinib 100 mg daily was added for Arm B. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). The interim analysis was planned after 48 subjects, but the study was terminated early. PFS was evaluated using a 1-sided log rank test. The Fisher exact test was used for other categorical data analyses. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) were identified with the Epic platform. RESULTS With 26 men randomized and a median follow up of 41.8 months, the median PFS was 15.7 months (95% confidence interval, 8.2-49.0+ months) for Arm B and 9.0 months (95% confidence interval, 4.4-30.7 months) for Arm A (P = .15). Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors responses were seen in 5 (36%) of 14 patients, including 2 complete responses (CRs) on Arm B, and 2 (17%) of 12 responses without CR on Arm A (P = .39). Grade ≥ 3 toxicities more common in Arm B included hypertension, pleural effusion/dyspnea, and gastrointestinal effects. CTCs were detected at baseline in 10 of 19 evaluable patients (median, 2.7/mL blood [range 0.41-59.7]). At week 4, CTCs increased in 1 (10%) of 10 patients on Arm A and 4 (44%) of 9 patients on Arm B. CONCLUSION Dasatinib did not significantly prolong PFS in combination with abiraterone, although power was limited owing to the incomplete study cohort. Treatment with the combination was associated with robust objective responses, including Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors CRs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanya B Dorff
- Department of Medical Oncology and Developmental Therapeutics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA.
| | - David I Quinn
- Division of Medical Oncology, USC Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jacek K Pinski
- Division of Medical Oncology, USC Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Amir Goldkorn
- Division of Medical Oncology, USC Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Sarmad Sadeghi
- Division of Medical Oncology, USC Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Denice Tsao-Wei
- Department of Prevention and Biostatistics, USC Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Susan Groshen
- Department of Prevention and Biostatistics, USC Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Peter Kuhn
- Michelson Center for Convergent Biosciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Mitchell E Gross
- Lawrence J. Ellison Institute for Transformative Medicine of USC and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, USC Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Metastatic bone disease: Pathogenesis and therapeutic options: Up-date on bone metastasis management. J Bone Oncol 2018; 15:004-4. [PMID: 30937279 PMCID: PMC6429006 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone metastases negatively impact on patients’ quality of life (QoL). Skeletal related events have a detrimental effect on both QoL and survival. Both local and systemic treatments are often required to manage bone metastases. Bone turnover modulators reduce the risk of skeletal complications and improve pain. Novel agents may deserve further investigation for the management of bone metastases.
Bone metastases (BM) are a common complication of cancer, whose management often requires a multidisciplinary approach. Despite the recent therapeutic advances, patients with BM may still experience skeletal-related events and symptomatic skeletal events, with detrimental impact on quality of life and survival. A deeper knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the onset of lytic and sclerotic BM has been acquired in the last decades, leading to the development of bone-targeting agents (BTA), mainly represented by anti-resorptive drugs and bone-seeking radiopharmaceuticals. Recent pre-clinical and clinical studies have showed promising effects of novel agents, whose safety and efficacy need to be confirmed by prospective clinical trials. Among BTA, adjuvant bisphosphonates have also been shown to reduce the risk of BM in selected breast cancer patients, but failed to reduce the incidence of BM from lung and prostate cancer. Moreover, adjuvant denosumab did not improve BM free survival in patients with breast cancer, suggesting the need for further investigation to clarify BTA role in early-stage malignancies. The aim of this review is to describe BM pathogenesis and current treatment options in different clinical settings, as well as to explore the mechanism of action of novel potential therapeutic agents for which further investigation is needed.
Collapse
Key Words
- ActRIIA, activin-A type IIA receptor
- BC, breast cancer
- BM, bone metastases
- BMD, bone mineral density
- BMPs, bone morphogenetic proteins
- BMSC, bone marrow stromal cells
- BPs, bisphosphonates
- BTA, bone targeting agents
- BTM, bone turnover markers
- Bone metastases
- Bone targeting agents
- CCR, chemokine-receptor
- CRPC, castration-resistant PC
- CXCL-12, C–X–C motif chemokine-ligand-12
- CXCR-4, chemokine-receptor-4
- DFS, disease-free survival
- DKK1, dickkopf1
- EBC, early BC
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- ET-1, endothelin-1
- FDA, food and drug administration
- FGF, fibroblast growth factor
- GAS6, growth-arrest specific-6
- GFs, growth factors
- GnRH, gonadotropin-releasing hormone
- HER-2, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2
- HR, hormone receptor
- IL, interleukin
- LC, lung cancer
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- MCSF, macrophage colony-stimulating factor
- MCSFR, MCSF receptor
- MIP-1α, macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha
- MM, multiple myeloma
- MPC, malignant plasma cells
- N-BPs, nitrogen-containing BPs
- NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB
- ONJ, osteonecrosis of the jaw
- OS, overall survival
- Osteotropic tumors
- PC, prostate cancer
- PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor
- PFS, progression-free survival
- PIs, proteasome inhibitors
- PSA, prostate specific antigen
- PTH, parathyroid hormone
- PTH-rP, PTH related protein
- QoL, quality of life
- RANK-L, receptor activator of NF-κB ligand
- RT, radiation therapy
- SREs, skeletal-related events
- SSEs, symptomatic skeletal events
- Skeletal related events
- TGF-β, transforming growth factor β
- TK, tyrosine kinase
- TKIs, TK inhibitors
- TNF, tumornecrosis factor
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- VEGFR, VEGF receptor
- mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin
- non-N-BPs, non-nitrogen containing BPs
- v-ATPase, vacuolar-type H+ ATPase
Collapse
|
10
|
Morel KL, Ormsby RJ, Solly EL, Tran LNK, Sweeney CJ, Klebe S, Cordes N, Sykes PJ. Chronic low dose ethanol induces an aggressive metastatic phenotype in TRAMP mice, which is counteracted by parthenolide. Clin Exp Metastasis 2018; 35:649-661. [PMID: 29936575 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-018-9915-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in prostate cancer therapy, dissemination and growth of metastases results in shortened survival. Here we examined the potential anti-cancer effect of the NF-κB inhibitor parthenolide (PTL) and its water soluble analogue dimethylaminoparthenolide (DMAPT) on tumour progression and metastasis in the TRansgenic Adenocarcinoma of the Mouse Prostate (TRAMP) model of prostate cancer. Six-week-old male TRAMP mice received PTL (40 mg/kg in 10% ethanol/saline), DMAPT (100 mg/kg in sterile water), or vehicle controls by oral gavage thrice weekly until palpable tumour formation. DMAPT treatment slowed normal tumour development in TRAMP mice, extending the time-to-palpable prostate tumour by 20%. PTL did not slow overall tumour development, while the ethanol/saline vehicle used to administer PTL unexpectedly induced an aggressive metastatic tumour phenotype. Chronic ethanol/saline vehicle upregulated expression of NF-κB, MMP2, integrin β1, collagen IV, and laminin, and induced vascular basement membrane degradation in primary prostate tumours, as well as increased metastatic spread to the lung and liver. All of these changes were largely prevented by co-administration with PTL. DMAPT (in water) reduced metastasis to below that of water-control. These data suggest that DMAPT has the potential to be used as a cancer preventive and anti-metastatic therapy for prostate cancer. Although low levels of ethanol consumption have not been shown to strongly correlate with prostate cancer epidemiology, these results would support a potential effect of chronic low dose ethanol on metastasis and the TRAMP model provides a useful system in which to further explore the mechanisms involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L Morel
- Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University and Medical Centre, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
| | - Rebecca J Ormsby
- Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University and Medical Centre, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Emma L Solly
- Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University and Medical Centre, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Linh N K Tran
- Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University and Medical Centre, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - Sonja Klebe
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Flinders University and SA Pathology at Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Nils Cordes
- OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden; Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pamela J Sykes
- Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University and Medical Centre, Bedford Park, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Huang F, Wang P, Wang X. Thapsigargin induces apoptosis of prostate cancer through cofilin-1 and paxillin. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:1975-1980. [PMID: 30008891 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely considered that endoplasmic reticulum stress may rapidly induce apoptosis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of thapsigargin on the induction of apoptosis in prostate cancer cells, and to explore its possible mechanism. A Cell Counting Kit-8 was selected to determine the effect of thapsigargin (0, 1, 10 and 100 nM) on the proliferation of PC3 cells. Cell proliferation of the prostate cancer cells was effectively inhibited by treatment with thapsigargin, and thapsigargin significantly increased the rate of apoptosis and caspase-3/9 activities in prostate cancer cells. The protein expression of phosphorylated (p)-RAC-α serine threonine-protein kinase, p-mechanistic target of rapamycin, F-actin and paxillin were significantly decreased, and cofilin-1 protein expression was significantly increased by treatment with thapsigargin in prostate cancer cells. Overall, the data of the present study revealed that thapsigargin induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cells through cofilin-1 and paxillin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengyu Huang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, P.R. China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266021, P.R. China
| | - Peitao Wang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266011, P.R. China
| | - Xinsheng Wang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266011, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sousa S, Clézardin P. Bone-Targeted Therapies in Cancer-Induced Bone Disease. Calcif Tissue Int 2018; 102:227-250. [PMID: 29079995 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-017-0353-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Cancer-induced bone disease is a major source of morbidity and mortality in cancer patients. Thus, effective bone-targeted therapies are essential to improve disease-free, overall survival and quality of life of cancer patients with bone metastases. Depending of the cancer-type, bone metastases mainly involve the modulation of osteoclast and/or osteoblast activity by tumour cells. To inhibit metastatic bone disease effectively, it is imperative to understand its underlying mechanisms and identify the target cells for therapy. If the aim is to prevent bone metastasis, it is essential to target not only bone metastatic features in the tumour cells, but also tumour-nurturing bone microenvironment properties. The currently available bone-targeted agents mainly affect osteoclasts, inhibiting bone resorption (e.g. bisphosphonates, denosumab). Some agents targeting osteoblasts begin to emerge which target osteoblasts (e.g. romosozumab), activating bone formation. Moreover, certain drugs initially thought to target only osteoclasts are now known to have a dual action (activating osteoblasts and inhibiting osteoclasts, e.g. proteasome inhibitors). This review will focus on the evolution of bone-targeted therapies for the treatment of cancer-induced bone disease, summarizing preclinical and clinical findings obtained with anti-resorptive and bone anabolic therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Sousa
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), UMR 1033, 69372, Lyon, France.
- Faculty of Medicine Laennec, University of Lyon-1, 69372, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Philippe Clézardin
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), UMR 1033, 69372, Lyon, France
- Faculty of Medicine Laennec, University of Lyon-1, 69372, Villeurbanne, France
- European Cancer and Bone Metastasis Laboratory, Department of Bone Oncology and Metabolism, Mellanby Centre for Bone Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hoehn D, Cortes JE, Medeiros LJ, Jabbour EJ, Hidalgo JE, Kanagal-Shamanna R, Bueso-Ramos CE. Multiparameter Analysis of Off-Target Effects of Dasatinib on Bone Homeostasis in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2017; 16 Suppl:S86-92. [PMID: 27521332 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2016.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We assessed patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) for serum calcium (Ca), phosphate (PO4), bone alkaline phosphatase, N-telopeptide (NTx), osteoprotegerin (OPG) levels, and trabecular bone area (TBA) in bone marrow (BM) specimens before and after treatment with dasatinib. We identified a significant increase in percentage of TBA in postdasatinib BM (P = .022). This suggests that dasatinib therapy can increase TBA without significant changes in bone and mineral metabolism. Interferences with bone homeostasis and mineral metabolism have been described in patients receiving imatinib for CML or gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Dasatinib is a potent second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor designed to inhibit ABL and SRC kinases while also interfering with the c-Kit, platelet-derived growth factor receptor, and STAT5 pathways. PATIENTS AND METHODS We used a multiparameter approach to examine the off-target effects of dasatinib in 30 patients with CML treated between 2009 and 2012. We recorded serum Ca and PO4 levels, analyzed markers of bone formation (bone alkaline phosphatase/bone-specific alkaline phosphatase [BAP]) and bone resorption (NTx), measured OPG levels, and digitally analyzed changes in TBA in paired BM biopsy specimens before and after treatment. We correlated all findings with each other and with the results of conventional cytogenetic and molecular analyses. RESULTS We identified a significant increase in the percentage of TBA in postdasatinib BM biopsy specimens (P = .022) and noted a decrease in serum OPG levels in 75% of patients. Ca, PO4, BAP, and NTx levels remained steady, without significant changes. There was no correlation between biomarker levels, percentage of TBA, and/or cytogenetic or molecular response. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that dasatinib therapy (within the therapeutic range) can increase trabecular bone, without causing significant changes in bone and mineral metabolism. Nonetheless, monitoring of bone health and skeletal integrity should be included into the long-term management of patients treated with dasatinib to further enhance our understanding of its safety profile and its potential role as a treatment modality for other bone diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Hoehn
- Division of Hematopathology, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Jorge E Cortes
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - L Jeffrey Medeiros
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Elias J Jabbour
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Juliana E Hidalgo
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Rashmi Kanagal-Shamanna
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Carlos E Bueso-Ramos
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zheng J, Li H, Xu D, Zhu H. Upregulation of Tyrosine Kinase FYN in Human Thyroid Carcinoma: Role in Modulating Tumor Cell Proliferation, Invasion, and Migration. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2017; 32:320-326. [PMID: 29140740 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2017.2218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zheng
- Department of Information and Documentation, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Huiling Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Dongting Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Huijuan Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Fallacara AL, Mancini A, Zamperini C, Dreassi E, Marianelli S, Chiariello M, Pozzi G, Santoro F, Botta M, Schenone S. Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines-loaded human serum albumin (HSA) nanoparticles: Preparation, characterization and cytotoxicity evaluation against neuroblastoma cell line. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:3196-3200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
16
|
Roubaud G, Liaw BC, Oh WK, Mulholland DJ. Strategies to avoid treatment-induced lineage crisis in advanced prostate cancer. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2017; 14:269-283. [PMID: 27874061 PMCID: PMC5567685 DOI: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2016.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The increasing potency of therapies that target the androgen receptor (AR) signalling axis has correlated with a rise in the proportion of patients with prostate cancer harbouring an adaptive phenotype, termed treatment-induced lineage crisis. This phenotype is characterized by features that include soft-tissue metastasis and/or resistance to standard anticancer therapies. Potent anticancer treatments might force cancer cells to evolve and develop alternative cell lineages that are resistant to primary therapies, a mechanism similar to the generation of multidrug- resistant microorganisms after continued antibiotic use. Herein, we assess the hypothesis that treatment-adapted phenotypes harbour reduced AR expression and/or activity, and acquire compensatory strategies for cell survival. We highlight the striking similarities between castration-resistant prostate cancer and triple-negative breast cancer, another poorly differentiated endocrine malignancy. Alternative treatment paradigms are needed to avoid therapy-induced resistance. Herein, we present a new clinical trial strategy designed to evaluate the potential of rapid drug cycling as an approach to delay the onset of resistance and treatment-induced lineage crisis in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guilhem Roubaud
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Bergonié, 229 Cours de l'Argonne, Bordeaux 33076, France
| | - Bobby C Liaw
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Tisch Cancer Institute, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - William K Oh
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Tisch Cancer Institute, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - David J Mulholland
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Tisch Cancer Institute, 1470 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10029, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chattopadhyay I, Wang J, Qin M, Gao L, Holtz R, Vessella RL, Leach RW, Gelman IH. Src promotes castration-recurrent prostate cancer through androgen receptor-dependent canonical and non-canonical transcriptional signatures. Oncotarget 2017; 8:10324-10347. [PMID: 28055971 PMCID: PMC5354662 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Progression of prostate cancer (PC) to castration-recurrent growth (CRPC) remains dependent on sustained expression and transcriptional activity of the androgen receptor (AR). A major mechanism contributing to CRPC progression is through the direct phosphorylation and activation of AR by Src-family (SFK) and ACK1 tyrosine kinases. However, the AR-dependent transcriptional networks activated by Src during CRPC progression have not been elucidated. Here, we show that activated Src (Src527F) induces androgen-independent growth in human LNCaP cells, concomitant with its ability to induce proliferation/survival genes normally induced by dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in androgen-dependent LNCaP and VCaP cells. Src induces additional gene signatures unique to CRPC cell lines, LNCaP-C4-2 and CWR22Rv1, and to CRPC LuCaP35.1 xenografts. By comparing the Src-induced AR-cistrome and/or transcriptome in LNCaP to those in CRPC and LuCaP35.1 tumors, we identified an 11-gene Src-regulated CRPC signature consisting of AR-dependent, AR binding site (ARBS)-associated genes whose expression is altered by DHT in LNCaP[Src527F] but not in LNCaP cells. The differential expression of a subset (DPP4, BCAT1, CNTNAP4, CDH3) correlates with earlier PC metastasis onset and poorer survival, with the expression of BCAT1 required for Src-induced androgen-independent proliferation. Lastly, Src enhances AR binding to non-canonical ARBS enriched for FOXO1, TOP2B and ZNF217 binding motifs; cooperative AR/TOP2B binding to a non-canonical ARBS was both Src- and DHT-sensitive and correlated with increased levels of Src-induced phosphotyrosyl-TOP2B. These data suggest that CRPC progression is facilitated via Src-induced sensitization of AR to intracrine androgen levels, resulting in the engagement of canonical and non-canonical ARBS-dependent gene signatures.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Androgen Antagonists/pharmacology
- Binding Sites
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
- Dihydrotestosterone/pharmacology
- Disease Progression
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Male
- Phosphorylation
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/drug therapy
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/enzymology
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/genetics
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/pathology
- Receptors, Androgen/drug effects
- Receptors, Androgen/genetics
- Receptors, Androgen/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Time Factors
- Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
- Transcriptome
- Transfection
- src-Family Kinases/genetics
- src-Family Kinases/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Indranil Chattopadhyay
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic and Applied Science, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Maochun Qin
- Department of Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Lingqiu Gao
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Renae Holtz
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | - Robert W. Leach
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Irwin H. Gelman
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Szafran AT, Stephan C, Bolt M, Mancini MG, Marcelli M, Mancini MA. High-Content Screening Identifies Src Family Kinases as Potential Regulators of AR-V7 Expression and Androgen-Independent Cell Growth. Prostate 2017; 77:82-93. [PMID: 27699828 PMCID: PMC5956900 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AR-V7 is an androgen receptor (AR) splice variant that lacks the ligand-binding domain and is isolated from prostate cancer cell lines. Increased expression of AR-V7 is associated with the transition from hormone-sensitive prostate cancer to more advanced castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Due to the loss of the ligand-binding domain, AR-V7 is not responsive to traditional AR-targeted therapies, and the mechanisms that regulate AR-V7 are still incompletely understood. Therefore, we aimed to explore existing classes of small molecules that may regulate AR-V7 expression and intracellular localization and their potential therapeutic role in CRPC. METHODS We used AR high-content analysis (AR-HCA) to characterize the effects of a focused library of well-characterized clinical compounds on AR-V7 expression at the single-cell level in PC3 prostate cancer cells stably expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP)-AR-V7 (GFP-AR-V7:PC3). In parallel, an orthogonal AR-HCA screen of a small interfering (si)RNA library targeting 635 protein kinases was performed in GFP-AR-V7:PC3. The effect of the Src-Abl inhibitor PD 180970 was further characterized using cell-proliferation assays, quantitative PCR, and western blot analysis in multiple hormone-sensitive and CRPC cell lines. RESULTS Compounds that tended to target Akt, Abl, and Src family kinases (SFKs) decreased overall AR-V7 expression, nuclear translocation, absolute nuclear level, and/or altered nuclear distribution. We identified 20 protein kinases that, when knocked down, either decreased nuclear GFP-AR-V7 levels or altered AR-V7 nuclear distribution, a set that included the SFKs Src and Fyn. The Src-Abl dual kinase inhibitor PD180970 decreased expression of AR-V7 by greater than 46% and decreased ligand-independent transcription of AR target genes in the 22RV1 human prostate carcinoma cell line. Further, PD180970 inhibited androgen-independent cell proliferation in endogenous-AR-V7-expressing prostate cancer cell lines and also overcame bicalutamide resistance observed in the 22RV1 cell line. CONCLUSIONS SFKs, especially Src and Fyn, may be important upstream regulators of AR-V7 expression and represent promising targets in a subset of CRPCs expressing high levels of AR-V7. Prostate 77:82-93, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam T. Szafran
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX 77030 (USA)
| | - Cliff Stephan
- Texas A&M University Health Science Center Institute for Bioscience and Technology, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Michael Bolt
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX 77030 (USA)
| | - Maureen G. Mancini
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX 77030 (USA)
| | - Marco Marcelli
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX 77030 (USA)
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX 77030 (USA)
- Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX 77030 (USA)
- Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 701304
| | - Michael A. Mancini
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX 77030 (USA)
- Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 701304
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
SRC family kinase FYN promotes the neuroendocrine phenotype and visceral metastasis in advanced prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:44072-83. [PMID: 26624980 PMCID: PMC4792542 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
FYN is a SRC family kinase (SFK) that has been shown to be up-regulated in human prostate cancer (PCa) tissues and cell lines. In this study, we observed that FYN is strongly up-regulated in human neuroendocrine PCa (NEPC) tissues and xenografts, as well as cells derived from a NEPC transgenic mouse model. In silico analysis of FYN expression in prostate cancer cell line databases revealed an association with the expression of neuroendocrine (NE) markers such as CHGA, CD44, CD56, and SYP. The loss of FYN abrogated the invasion of PC3 and ARCaPM cells in response to MET receptor ligand HGF. FYN also contributed to the metastatic potential of NEPC cells in two mouse models of visceral metastasis with two different cell lines (PC3 and TRAMPC2-RANKL). The activation of MET appeared to regulate neuroendocrine (NE) features as evidenced by increased expression of NE markers in PC3 cells with HGF. Importantly, the overexpression of FYN protein in DU145 cells was directly correlated with the increase of CHGA. Thus, our data demonstrated that the neuroendocrine differentiation that occurs in PCa cells is, at least in part, regulated by FYN kinase. Understanding the role of FYN in the regulation of NE markers will provide further support for ongoing clinical trials of SFK and MET inhibitors in castration-resistant PCa patients.
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Tumour metastasis, the movement of tumour cells from a primary site to progressively colonize distant organs, is a major contributor to the deaths of cancer patients. Therapeutic goals are the prevention of an initial metastasis in high-risk patients, shrinkage of established lesions and prevention of additional metastases in patients with limited disease. Instead of being autonomous, tumour cells engage in bidirectional interactions with metastatic microenvironments to alter antitumour immunity, the extracellular milieu, genomic stability, survival signalling, chemotherapeutic resistance and proliferative cycles. Can targeting of these interactions significantly improve patient outcomes? In this Review preclinical research, combination therapies and clinical trial designs are re-examined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia S Steeg
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
|
22
|
Hensel J, Thalmann GN. Biology of Bone Metastases in Prostate Cancer. Urology 2016; 92:6-13. [PMID: 26768714 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2015.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Advanced-stage prostate cancer (PCa) patients are often diagnosed with bone metastases. Bone metastases remain incurable and therapies are palliative. PCa cells prevalently cause osteoblastic lesions, characterized by an excess of bone formation. The prevailing concept indicates that PCa cancer cell secrete an excess of paracrine factors stimulating osteoblasts directly or indirectly, thereby leading to an excess of bone formation. The exact mechanisms by which bone formation stimulates PCa cell growth are mostly elusive. In this review, the mechanisms of PCa cancer cell osteotropism, the cancer cell-induced response within the bone marrow/bone stroma, and therapeutic stromal targets will be summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janine Hensel
- Urology Research Laboratory, Department of Urology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - George N Thalmann
- Urology Research Laboratory, Department of Urology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Schmid S, Omlin A, Blum D, Strasser F, Gillessen S, Rothermundt C. Assessment of anticancer-treatment outcome in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer-going beyond PSA and imaging, a systematic literature review. Ann Oncol 2015. [PMID: 26216388 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the past years, there has been significant progress in anticancer drug development for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). However, the current instruments to assess clinical treatment response have limitations and may not sufficiently reflect patient benefit. Our objective was to systematically identify tools to evaluate both patient benefit and clinical anticancer-treatment response as basis for an international consensus process and development of a specific pragmatic instrument for men with CRPC. METHODS PubMed, Embase and CINAHL were searched to identify currently available tools to assess anticancer-treatment benefit, other than standard imaging procedures and prostate-specific antigen measurements, namely quality of life (QoL), detailed pain assessment, physical function and objective measures of other complex cancer-related syndromes in patients with CRPC. Additionally, all CRPC phase III trials published in the last 5 years were reviewed as well as studies using physical function tools in a general cancer population. The PRIMSA statement was followed for the systematic review process. RESULTS The search generated 1096 hits, 185 full-text papers were screened and finally 73 publications were included. Additional 89 publications were included by hand-search. We identified a total of 98 tools used in CRPC trials and grouped these into three categories: 22 tools assessing QoL domains and subgroups, 47 tools for pain assessment and 29 tools for objective measures, mainly physical function and assessment of skeletal disease burden. CONCLUSION A wide variety of assessment tools and also efforts to standardize and harmonize patient-reported outcomes and pain assessment were identified. However, the specific needs of the increasing CRPC population living longer with their incurable cancer are insufficiently captured and objective physical outcome measures are under-represented. In the age of new anticancer drug targets and principles, new methods to monitor patient relevant outcomes of antineoplastic therapy are of utmost importance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Schmid
- Division of Oncology and Haematology, Division of Oncology and Palliative Centre, Cantonal Hospital St Gallen, St Gallen,Switzerland
| | - A Omlin
- Division of Oncology and Haematology, Division of Oncology and Palliative Centre, Cantonal Hospital St Gallen, St Gallen,Switzerland
| | - D Blum
- Division of Oncological Palliative Medicine, Division of Oncology and Palliative Centre, Cantonal Hospital St Gallen, St Gallen,Switzerland
| | - F Strasser
- Division of Oncology and Haematology, Division of Oncology and Palliative Centre, Cantonal Hospital St Gallen, St Gallen,Switzerland Division of Oncological Palliative Medicine, Division of Oncology and Palliative Centre, Cantonal Hospital St Gallen, St Gallen,Switzerland
| | - S Gillessen
- Division of Oncology and Haematology, Division of Oncology and Palliative Centre, Cantonal Hospital St Gallen, St Gallen,Switzerland
| | - C Rothermundt
- Division of Oncology and Haematology, Division of Oncology and Palliative Centre, Cantonal Hospital St Gallen, St Gallen,Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Rachner TD, Jakob F, Hofbauer LC. Cancer-targeted therapies and radiopharmaceuticals. BONEKEY REPORTS 2015; 4:707. [PMID: 26131359 DOI: 10.1038/bonekey.2015.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of bone metastases remains a clinical challenge. Although a number of well-established agents, namely bisphosphonates and denosumab, are available to reduce the occurrence of skeletal-related events, additional cancer-targeted therapies are required to improve patients' prognosis and quality of life. This review focuses on novel targets and agents that are under clinical evaluation for the treatment of malignant bone diseases such as activin A, src and endothelin-1 inhibition or agents that are clinically approved and may positively influence bone, such as the mTOR inhibitor everolimus. In addition, the potential of alpharadin, a novel radiopharmaceutical approved for the treatment of prostatic bone disease, is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tilman D Rachner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Dresden University Medical Center , Dresden, Germany
| | - Franz Jakob
- Orthopedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University Hospital Wuerzburg , Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Lorenz C Hofbauer
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, Dresden University Medical Center , Dresden, Germany ; Center for Regenerative Therapies, Dresden Technical University , Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Bone metastases develop in most patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). They affect the structural integrity of bone, manifesting as pain and skeletal-related events (SREs), and are the primary cause of patient disability, reduced quality of life (QOL) and death. Understanding the pathophysiology of bone metastases resulted in the development of agents that improve clinical outcome, suggesting that managing both the systemic disease and associated bone events is important. Historically, the treatment of CRPC bone metastases with early radiopharmaceuticals and external beam radiation therapy was largely supportive; however, now, zoledronic acid and denosumab are integral to the therapeutic strategy for mCRPC. These agents substantially reduce skeletal morbidity and improve patient QOL. Radium-223 dichloride is the first bone-targeting agent to show improved survival and reduced pain and symptomatic skeletal events in patients with mCRPC without visceral disease. Five other systemic agents are currently approved for use in mCRPC based on their ability to improve survival. These include the cytotoxic drugs docetaxel and cabazitaxel, the hormone-based therapies, abiraterone and enzalutamide, and the immunotherapeutic vaccine sipuleucel-T. Abiraterone and enzalutamide are able to reduce SREs and improve survival in this setting. Novel agents targeting tumour and bone cells are under clinical development.
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Knowledge of the molecular events that contribute to prostate cancer progression has created opportunities to develop novel therapy strategies. It is now well established that c-Src, a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, regulates a complex signaling network that drives the development of castrate-resistance and bone metastases, events that signal the lethal phenotype of advanced disease. Preclinical studies have established a role for c-Src and Src Family Kinases (SFKs) in proliferation, angiogenesis, invasion and bone metabolism, thus implicating Src signaling in both epithelial and stromal mechanisms of disease progression. A number of small molecule inhibitors of SFK now exist, many of which have demonstrated efficacy in preclinical models and several that have been tested in patients with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer. These agents have demonstrated provocative clinic activity, particularly in modulating the bone microenvironment in a therapeutically favorable manner. Here, we review the discovery and basic biology of c-Src and further discuss the role of SFK inhibitors in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer.
Collapse
|
27
|
Yu EY, Duan F, Muzi M, Deng X, Chin BB, Alumkal JJ, Taplin ME, Taub JM, Herman B, Higano CS, Doot RK, Hartfeil D, Febbo PG, Mankoff DA. Castration-resistant prostate cancer bone metastasis response measured by 18F-fluoride PET after treatment with dasatinib and correlation with progression-free survival: results from American College of Radiology Imaging Network 6687. J Nucl Med 2015; 56:354-60. [PMID: 25635138 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.114.146936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED (18)F-fluoride PET quantitatively images bone metabolism and may serve as a pharmacodynamic assessment for systemic therapy such as dasatinib, a potent SRC kinase inhibitor, with activity in bone. METHODS This was an imaging companion trial (American College of Radiology Imaging Network [ACRIN] 6687) to a multicenter metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) tissue biomarker-guided therapeutic trial (NCT00918385). Men with bone metastatic CRPC underwent (18)F-fluoride PET before and 12 weeks after initiation of dasatinib (100 mg daily). Dynamic imaging was performed over a 15-cm field of view for trial assessments. The primary endpoint was to determine whether changes in (18)F-fluoride incorporation in tumor and normal bone occurred in response to dasatinib. Other endpoints included differential effect of dasatinib between (18)F-fluoride incorporation in tumor and normal bone, (18)F-fluoride transport in bone metastases, correlation with progression-free survival (PFS), prostate-specific antigen, and markers of bone turnover. RESULTS Eighteen participants enrolled, and 17 underwent interpretable baseline (18)F-fluoride PET imaging before initiation of dasatinib. Twelve of 17 patients underwent on-treatment PET imaging. Statistically significant changes in response to dasatinib were identified by the SUVmaxavg (average of maximum standardized uptake value [SUVmax] for up to 5 tumors within the dynamic field of view) in bone metastases (P = 0.0002), with a significant differential (18)F-fluoride PET response between tumor and normal bone (P < 0.0001). Changes in (18)F-fluoride incorporation in bone metastases had borderline correlation with PFS by SUVmaxavg (hazard ratio, 0.91; 95% confidence interval, 0.82-1.00; P = 0.056). Changes by SUVmaxavg correlated with bone alkaline phosphatase (P = 0.0014) but not prostate-specific antigen (P = 0.47). CONCLUSION This trial provides evidence of the ability (18)F-fluoride PET to delineate treatment response of dasatinib in CRPC bone metastases with borderline correlation with PFS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evan Y Yu
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Fenghai Duan
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Mark Muzi
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Xuan Deng
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island
| | | | | | | | - Jina M Taub
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ben Herman
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island
| | | | - Robert K Doot
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Donna Hartfeil
- American College of Radiology Imaging Network (ACRIN), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Philip G Febbo
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ségaliny AI, Tellez-Gabriel M, Heymann MF, Heymann D. Receptor tyrosine kinases: Characterisation, mechanism of action and therapeutic interests for bone cancers. J Bone Oncol 2015; 4:1-12. [PMID: 26579483 PMCID: PMC4620971 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone cancers are characterised by the development of tumour cells in bone sites, associated with a dysregulation of their environment. In the last two decades, numerous therapeutic strategies have been developed to target the cancer cells or tumour niche. As the crosstalk between these two entities is tightly controlled by the release of polypeptide mediators activating signalling pathways through several receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), RTK inhibitors have been designed. These inhibitors have shown exciting clinical impacts, such as imatinib mesylate, which has become a reference treatment for chronic myeloid leukaemia and gastrointestinal tumours. The present review gives an overview of the main molecular and functional characteristics of RTKs, and focuses on the clinical applications that are envisaged and already assessed for the treatment of bone sarcomas and bone metastases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aude I Ségaliny
- INSERM, UMR 957, Equipe LIGUE Nationale Contre le Cancer 2012, Nantes 44035, France ; Université de Nantes, Nantes atlantique universités, Pathophysiology of Bone Resorption and Therapy of Primary Bone Tumours, Nantes, France
| | - Marta Tellez-Gabriel
- INSERM, UMR 957, Equipe LIGUE Nationale Contre le Cancer 2012, Nantes 44035, France ; Université de Nantes, Nantes atlantique universités, Pathophysiology of Bone Resorption and Therapy of Primary Bone Tumours, Nantes, France
| | - Marie-Françoise Heymann
- INSERM, UMR 957, Equipe LIGUE Nationale Contre le Cancer 2012, Nantes 44035, France ; Université de Nantes, Nantes atlantique universités, Pathophysiology of Bone Resorption and Therapy of Primary Bone Tumours, Nantes, France ; CHU de Nantes, France
| | - Dominique Heymann
- INSERM, UMR 957, Equipe LIGUE Nationale Contre le Cancer 2012, Nantes 44035, France ; Université de Nantes, Nantes atlantique universités, Pathophysiology of Bone Resorption and Therapy of Primary Bone Tumours, Nantes, France ; CHU de Nantes, France
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Saylor PJ. Bone targeted therapies for the prevention of skeletal morbidity in men with prostate cancer. Asian J Androl 2014; 16:341-7. [PMID: 24435057 PMCID: PMC4023357 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.122591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Men with prostate cancer suffer substantially from bone-related complications. Androgen deprivation therapy itself is a cause of loss of bone mineral density and is associated with an increased incidence of osteoporotic fractures. In advanced disease, bone is by far the most common site of metastasis. Complications of bone metastases prominently include pain and the potential for skeletal events such as spinal cord compression and pathologic fractures. Elevated osteoclast activity is an important aspect of the pathophysiology of both treatment-related osteoporosis and skeletal complications due to metastases. The osteoclast is therefore a therapeutic target. Denosumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody to receptor activator of nuclear factor-κ-B ligand that was designed to potently inhibit osteoclast activity and is the central focus of this review. Bisphosphonates, radiopharmaceuticals and systemically-active hormonal agents such as abiraterone acetate and enzalutamide have each been shown to improve skeletal morbidity in specific clinical situations. Denosumab is the only agent that has been shown to prevent osteoporotic fractures in men receiving androgen deprivation therapy and at elevated risk for fracture. It has also demonstrated superiority to the potent bisphosphonate zoledronic acid for the prevention of skeletal-related events in men with castration-resistant prostate cancer metastatic to bone. Efficacy and toxicity data will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Saylor
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Spreafico A, Chi KN, Sridhar SS, Smith DC, Carducci MA, Kavsak P, Wong TS, Wang L, Ivy SP, Mukherjee SD, Kollmannsberger CK, Sukhai MA, Takebe N, Kamel-Reid S, Siu LL, Hotte SJ. A randomized phase II study of cediranib alone versus cediranib in combination with dasatinib in docetaxel resistant, castration resistant prostate cancer patients. Invest New Drugs 2014; 32:1005-16. [PMID: 24788563 PMCID: PMC4281773 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-014-0106-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activation of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) and the oncogenic Src pathway has been implicated in the development of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) in preclinical models. Cediranib and dasatinib are multi-kinase inhibitors targeting VEGFR and Src respectively. Phase II studies of cediranib and dasatinib in CRPC have shown single agent activity. METHODS Docetaxel-pretreated CRPC patients were randomized to arm A: cediranib alone (20 mg/day) versus arm B: cediranib (20 mg/day) plus dasatinib (100 mg/day) given orally on 4-week cycles. Primary endpoint was 12-week progression-free survival (PFS) as per the Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials Working Group (PCWG2). Patient reported outcomes were evaluated using Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Prostate (FACT-P) and Present Pain Intensity (PPI) scales. Correlative studies of bone turnover markers (BTM), including bone alkaline phosphate (BAP) and serum beta-C telopeptide (B-CTx) were serially assayed. Results A total of 22 patients, 11 per arm, were enrolled. Baseline demographics were similar in both arms. Median number of cycles =4 in arm A (range 1-12) and 2 in arm B (range 1-9). Twelve-week PFS was 73 % in arm A versus 18 % in arm B (p = 0.03). Median PFS in months (arm A versus B) was: 5.2 versus 2.6 (95 % CI: 1.9-6.5 versus 1.4-not reached). Most common grade 3 toxicities were hypertension, anemia and thrombocytopenia in arm A and hypertension, diarrhea and fatigue in arm B. One treatment-related death (retroperitoneal hemorrhage) was seen in arm A. FACT-P and PPI scores did not significantly change in either arm. No correlation between BTM and PFS was seen in either arm. CONCLUSIONS Although limited by small numbers, this randomized study showed that the combination of VEGFR and Src targeted therapy did not result in improved efficacy and may be associated with a worse outcome than VEGFR targeted therapy alone in patients with CRPC. ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT01260688.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kim N. Chi
- British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | | | - Michael A. Carducci
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter Kavsak
- Juravinski Cancer Centre, 699 Concession Street, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Tracy S. Wong
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lisa Wang
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - S. Percy Ivy
- Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, USA
| | | | | | | | - Naoko Takebe
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute NIH, Bethesda, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Vlaeminck-Guillem V, Gillet G, Rimokh R. SRC: marker or actor in prostate cancer aggressiveness. Front Oncol 2014; 4:222. [PMID: 25184116 PMCID: PMC4135356 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A key question for urologic practitioners is whether an apparently organ-confined prostate cancer (PCa) is actually aggressive or not. The dilemma is to specifically identify among all prostate tumors the very aggressive high-grade cancers that will become life-threatening by developing extra-prostatic invasion and metastatic potential and the indolent cancers that will never modify a patient's life expectancy. A choice must be made between several therapeutic options to achieve the optimal personalized management of the disease that causes as little harm as possible to patients. Reliable clinical, biological, or pathological markers that would enable distinctions to be made between aggressive and indolent PCas in routine practice at the time of initial diagnosis are still lacking. The molecular mechanisms that explain why a PCa is aggressive or not are also poorly understood. Among the potential markers and/or actors in PCa aggressiveness, Src and other members of the Src kinase family, are valuable candidates. Activation of Src-dependent intracellular pathways is frequently observed in PCa. Indeed, Src is at the cross-roads of several pathways [including androgen receptor (AR), TGFbeta, Bcl-2, Akt/PTEN or MAPK, and ERK …], and is now known to influence some of the cellular and tissular events that accompany tumor progression: cell proliferation, cell motility, invasion, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, resistance to apoptosis, angiogenesis, neuroendocrine differentiation, and metastatic spread. Recent work even suggests that Src could also play a part in PCa initiation in coordination with the AR. The aim of this review is to gather data that explore the links between the Src kinase family and PCa progression and aggressiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Vlaeminck-Guillem
- University of Lyon, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, U1052 INSERM, UMS 3453 CNRS, Lyon I University, Léon Bérard Centre , Lyon , France ; Medical Unit of Molecular Oncology and Transfer, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Hospital of Lyon-Sud, Hospices Civils of Lyon , Lyon , France
| | - Germain Gillet
- University of Lyon, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, U1052 INSERM, UMS 3453 CNRS, Lyon I University, Léon Bérard Centre , Lyon , France
| | - Ruth Rimokh
- University of Lyon, Cancer Research Centre of Lyon, U1052 INSERM, UMS 3453 CNRS, Lyon I University, Léon Bérard Centre , Lyon , France
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Delle Monache S, Sanità P, Calgani A, Schenone S, Botta L, Angelucci A. Src inhibition potentiates antitumoral effect of paclitaxel by blocking tumor-induced angiogenesis. Exp Cell Res 2014; 328:20-31. [PMID: 25128812 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The protein kinase Src is frequently over-activated in advanced cancers where it modulates the signaling transduction cascade of several growth factors. The feasibility of combination treatment of Src inhibitors with chemotherapy is currently under investigation. We evaluated the anti-tumoral effect of paclitaxel (PTX) in combination with S13, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor with a prevalent specificity for Src, in a hormone-insensible prostate cancer (PCa) cell model. In vivo, combination treatment with PTX and S13 reduced dramatically PCa tumor growth with a relevant difference in the density of new blood vessels with respect to control and single treatments. This reduction was determined by a concomitant impairment of endothelial cell migration and of VEGF release by cancer cells. In fact, S13, when used alone, was sufficient to reduce tubule formation in vivo, and to inhibit VEGFR2 activation and FAK expression in endothelial cells. In addition, the combination treatment determined a significant reduction in ROS production and HIF-1 stabilization in PCa cells respect to single treatments with S13 or PTX. In conclusion, Src-inhibition could be an effective therapeutic strategy aimed at supporting the anti-angiogenic action of PTX in aggressive PCa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Delle Monache
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Applicate e Biotecnologiche, University of L׳Aquila, via Vetoio Coppito, 67100 L׳Aquila, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Sanità
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Applicate e Biotecnologiche, University of L׳Aquila, via Vetoio Coppito, 67100 L׳Aquila, Italy
| | - Alessia Calgani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Applicate e Biotecnologiche, University of L׳Aquila, via Vetoio Coppito, 67100 L׳Aquila, Italy
| | - Silvia Schenone
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, University of Genova, viale Benedetto XV, 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Botta
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, University of via A. Moro, snc, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Adriano Angelucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Applicate e Biotecnologiche, University of L׳Aquila, via Vetoio Coppito, 67100 L׳Aquila, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Gelman IH, Peresie J, Eng KH, Foster BA. Differential requirement for Src family tyrosine kinases in the initiation, progression, and metastasis of prostate cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2014; 12:1470-9. [PMID: 25053806 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-13-0490-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Prostate cancer (CaP) recurrence after androgen ablation therapy remains a significant cause of mortality in aging men. Malignant progression and metastasis are typically driven by genetic and epigenetic changes controlled by the androgen receptor (AR). However, evidence suggests that activated nonreceptor tyrosine kinases, including those of the Src family kinases (SFK), directly phosphorylate AR, thereby activating its transcriptional activity in the absence of serum androgen levels. To ascertain whether CaP progression and metastasis require SFK members, an autochthonous transgenic adenocarcinoma (AD) of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) model was crossed into Src-, Lyn- or Fyn-null backgrounds. Primary-site CaP formation was dependent on Src, to a lesser extent, Lyn, but not Fyn. Only Src(-) (/) (-);TRAMP prostate tumors were marked by reactive stroma. SFK deficiency did not affect progression to neuroendocrine (NE) disease, although there were fewer new cancer cases initiating after 34 weeks in the SFK(-/-);TRAMP mice compared with TRAMP controls. Of note, 15% to 21% of older (>33 weeks) Lyn- or Fyn-null TRAMP mice lacking primary-site tumors suffered from aggressive metastatic AD growths, compared with 3% of TRAMP mice. Taken with the data that TRAMP mice lacking Src or Lyn exhibited fewer macroscopic metastases compared with Fyn(-) (/) (-);TRAMP and TRAMP controls, this suggests that SFK can either promote or suppress specific parameters of metastatic growth, possibly depending on cross-talk with primary tumors. These data identify critical, yet potentially opposing roles played by various SFKs in the initiation and metastatic potential of CaP using the TRAMP model. IMPLICATIONS Genetically defined mouse models indicate a critical role for Src tyrosine kinase in CaP initiation and metastatic progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irwin H Gelman
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York.
| | - Jennifer Peresie
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Kevin H Eng
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Barbara A Foster
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Gelman IH. Androgen receptor activation in castration-recurrent prostate cancer: the role of Src-family and Ack1 tyrosine kinases. Int J Biol Sci 2014; 10:620-6. [PMID: 24948875 PMCID: PMC4062955 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.8264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing appreciation that castration-recurrent prostate cancer (CR-CaP) is driven by the continued expression of androgen receptor (AR). AR activation in CR-CaP through various mechanisms, including AR overexpression, expression of AR splice variants or mutants, increased expression of co-regulator proteins, and by post-translational modification, allows for the induction of AR-regulated genes in response to very low levels of tissue-expressed, so-called intracrine androgens, resulting in pathways that mediate CaP proliferation, anti-apoptosis and oncogenic aggressiveness. The current review focuses on the role played by Src-family (SFK) and Ack1 non-receptor tyrosine kinases in activating AR through direct phosphorylation, respectively, on tyrosines 534 or 267, and how these modifications facilitate progression to CR-CaP. The fact that SFK and Ack1 are central mediators for multiple growth factor receptor signaling pathways that become activated in CR-CaP, especially in the context of metastatic growth in the bone, has contributed to recent therapeutic trials using SFK/Ack1 inhibitors in monotherapy or in combination with antagonists of the AR activation axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irwin H. Gelman
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Alemán JO, Farooki A, Girotra M. Effects of tyrosine kinase inhibition on bone metabolism: untargeted consequences of targeted therapies. Endocr Relat Cancer 2014; 21:R247-59. [PMID: 24478055 DOI: 10.1530/erc-12-0400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are at the forefront of molecular-targeted therapies for cancer. With the advent of imatinib for the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia, a new wave of small-molecule therapeutics redefined the oncologic treatment to become chronically administered medications with tolerable side-effect profiles compared with cytotoxic agents. Effects on bone mineral metabolism were observed during early imatinib treatment, in the form of hypophosphatemia with increased urinary phosphorus excretion. This finding led to detailed investigations of off-target effects responsible for changes in bone cell maturation, activity, and impact on bone mass. Subsequently, another BCR-Abl inhibitor (dasatinib), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors (sorafenib and sunitinib) as well as rearranged during transfection (RET) inhibitors (vandetanib and cabozantinib) were developed. Inhibition of bone resorption appears to be a class effect and is likely contributed by TKI effects on the hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells. As long-term, prospective, clinical outcomes data accumulate on these targeted therapies, the full extent of off-target side effects on bone health will need to be considered along with the significant benefits of tyrosine kinase inhibition in oncologic treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José O Alemán
- Endocrine Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Saini S, Majid S, Shahryari V, Tabatabai ZL, Arora S, Yamamura S, Tanaka Y, Dahiya R, Deng G. Regulation of SRC kinases by microRNA-3607 located in a frequently deleted locus in prostate cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2014; 13:1952-63. [PMID: 24817628 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-14-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Genomic studies suggest that deletions at chromosome (chr) 5q region (particularly chr5q14-q23) are frequent in prostate cancer, implicating this region in prostate carcinogenesis. However, the genes within this region are largely unknown. Here, we report for the first time the widespread attenuation of miR-3607, an miRNA gene located at chr5q14 region, in prostate cancer. Expression analyses of miR-3607 in a clinical cohort of prostate cancer specimens showed that miR-3607 is significantly attenuated and low miR-3607 expression is correlated with tumor progression and poor survival outcome in prostate cancer. Our analyses suggest that miR-3607 expression may be a clinically significant parameter with an associated diagnostic potential. We examined the functional significance of miR-3607 in prostate cancer cell lines and found that miR-3607 overexpression led to significantly decreased proliferation, apoptosis induction, and decreased invasiveness. Furthermore, our results suggest that miR-3607 directly represses oncogenic SRC family kinases LYN and SRC in prostate cancer. In view of our results, we propose that miR-3607 plays a tumor-suppressive role in prostate cancer by regulating SRC kinases that in turn regulates prostate carcinogenesis. To our knowledge, this is the first report that: (i) identifies a novel role for miR-3607 located in a frequently deleted region of prostate cancer and (ii) defines novel miRNA-mediated regulation of SRC kinases in prostate cancer. Because SRC kinases play a central role in prostate cancer progression and metastasis and are attractive targets, this study has potential implications in the design of better therapeutic modalities for prostate cancer management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharanjot Saini
- Authors' Affiliation: Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Shahana Majid
- Authors' Affiliation: Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Varahram Shahryari
- Authors' Affiliation: Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Z Laura Tabatabai
- Authors' Affiliation: Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Sumit Arora
- Authors' Affiliation: Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Soichiro Yamamura
- Authors' Affiliation: Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Yuichiro Tanaka
- Authors' Affiliation: Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Rajvir Dahiya
- Authors' Affiliation: Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Guoren Deng
- Authors' Affiliation: Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Deng X, He G, Liu J, Luo F, Peng X, Tang S, Gao Z, Lin Q, Keller JM, Yang T, Keller ET. Recent advances in bone-targeted therapies of metastatic prostate cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 2014; 40:730-8. [PMID: 24767837 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignancies affecting men worldwide, with bone being the most common site of metastasis in patients that progress beyond organ confinement. Bone metastases are virtually incurable and result in significant disease morbidity and mortality. Bone provides a unique microenvironment whose local interactions with tumor cells offer novel targets for therapeutic interventions. Several attractive molecules or pathways have been identified as new potential therapeutic targets for bone metastases caused by metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. In this review, we present the recent advances in molecular targeted therapies for prostate cancer bone metastasis focusing on therapies that target the bone cells and the bone microenvironment. The therapies covered in this review include agents that inhibit bone resorption, agents that stimulate bone formation, and agents that target the bone matrix. Suggestions to devise more effective molecular targeted therapies are proposed. Hopefully, with better understanding of the biology of the disease and the development of more robust targeted therapies, the survival and quality of life of the affected individuals could be significantly improved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiyun Deng
- College of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China; Changsha Microworld Biotech Company, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Guangchun He
- College of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Junwen Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and Byproduct In-Depth Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Feijun Luo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and Byproduct In-Depth Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Xiaoning Peng
- College of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Shigang Tang
- College of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Zhiyong Gao
- College of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Qinlu Lin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and Byproduct In-Depth Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China
| | - Jill M Keller
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Tao Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and Byproduct In-Depth Processing, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China; Changsha Microworld Biotech Company, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China.
| | - Evan T Keller
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Wu W, Yang Q, Fung KM, Humphreys MR, Brame LS, Cao A, Fang YT, Shih PT, Kropp BP, Lin HK. Linking γ-aminobutyric acid A receptor to epidermal growth factor receptor pathways activation in human prostate cancer. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 383:69-79. [PMID: 24296312 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Neuroendocrine (NE) differentiation has been attributed to the progression of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Growth factor pathways including the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling have been implicated in the development of NE features and progression to a castration-resistant phenotype. However, upstream molecules that regulate the growth factor pathway remain largely unknown. Using androgen-insensitive bone metastasis PC-3 cells and androgen-sensitive lymph node metastasis LNCaP cells derived from human prostate cancer (PCa) patients, we demonstrated that γ-aminobutyric acid A receptor (GABA(A)R) ligand (GABA) and agonist (isoguvacine) stimulate cell proliferation, enhance EGF family members expression, and activate EGFR and a downstream signaling molecule, Src, in both PC-3 and LNCaP cells. Inclusion of a GABA(A)R antagonist, picrotoxin, or an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, Gefitinib (ZD1839 or Iressa), blocked isoguvacine and GABA-stimulated cell growth, trans-phospohorylation of EGFR, and tyrosyl phosphorylation of Src in both PCa cell lines. Spatial distributions of GABAAR α₁ and phosphorylated Src (Tyr416) were studied in human prostate tissues by immunohistochemistry. In contrast to extremely low or absence of GABA(A)R α₁-positive immunoreactivity in normal prostate epithelium, elevated GABA(A)R α₁ immunoreactivity was detected in prostate carcinomatous glands. Similarly, immunoreactivity of phospho-Src (Tyr416) was specifically localized and limited to the nucleoli of all invasive prostate carcinoma cells, but negative in normal tissues. Strong GABAAR α₁ immunoreactivity was spatially adjacent to the neoplastic glands where strong phospho-Src (Tyr416)-positive immunoreactivity was demonstrated, but not in adjacent to normal glands. These results suggest that the GABA signaling is linked to the EGFR pathway and may work through autocrine or paracine mechanism to promote CRPC progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weijuan Wu
- Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Kar-Ming Fung
- Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | | | - Lacy S Brame
- Department of Psychology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Amy Cao
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Yu-Ting Fang
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Food Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91207, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pin-Tsen Shih
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Food Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91207, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Bradley P Kropp
- Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Hsueh-Kung Lin
- Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Wei J, Wang Z, Makarov D, Li X. Current treatments and novel therapeutic targets for castration resistant prostate cancer with bone metastasis. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL UROLOGY 2013; 1:30-8. [PMID: 25374898 PMCID: PMC4219282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a leading cause of cancer death in men in developed countries. While early stage disease can often be cured, many patients eventually develop castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). The majority of CRPC patients have bone metastases, which cause significant morbidity and mortality. Although there is no cure for prostate cancer metastatic to bone, several bone-targeted agents have been approved to prevent skeletal-related events (SREs). Among them, bisphosphonates were the first class of drugs investigated for prevention of SREs. Denosumab is a recently approved agent that binds to the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) as a humanized monoclonal antibody. Both agents target prostate cancer skeletal metastasis through the inhibition of bone resorption. Alpharadin is the first radiopharmaceutical agent that has significant overall survival benefit. It has benefits in pain palliation and SREs as well. Another newly approved drug is Abiraterone acetate, which decreases circulating levels of testosterone by targeting an enzyme expressed in the testis and the adrenal, as well as in prostate cancer tissues. This review outlines the clinical and preclinical data supporting the use of these and new agents in development for CRPC with bone metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juncheng Wei
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of DentistryNew York, NY 10010
- Tongji HospitalWuhan, China
| | - Zhilin Wang
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of DentistryNew York, NY 10010
| | - Danil Makarov
- Department of Urology, New York University School of MedicalNew York, NY 10010
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of DentistryNew York, NY 10010
- Department of Urology, New York University School of MedicalNew York, NY 10010
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Dushyanthen S, Cossigny DAF, Quan GMY. The osteoblastic and osteoclastic interactions in spinal metastases secondary to prostate cancer. CANCER GROWTH AND METASTASIS 2013; 6:61-80. [PMID: 24665208 PMCID: PMC3941153 DOI: 10.4137/cgm.s12769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is one of the most common cancers arising in men and has a high propensity for bone metastasis, particularly to the spine. At this stage, it often causes severe morbidity due to pathological fracture and/or metastatic epidural spinal cord compression which, if untreated, inevitably leads to intractable pain, neurological deficit, and paralysis. Unfortunately, the underlying molecular mechanisms driving growth of secondary PC in the bony vertebral column remain largely unknown. Further investigation is warranted in order to identify therapeutic targets in the future. This review summarizes the current understanding of PC bone metastasis in the spine, highlighting interactions between key tumor and bone-derived factors which influence tumor progression, especially the functional roles of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in the bone microenvironment through their interactions with metastatic PC cells and the critical pathway RANK/RANKL/OPG in bone destruction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sathana Dushyanthen
- Spinal Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Spinal Surgery, University of Melbourne Department of Surgery, Austin Health, Heidelberg Victoria, Australia
| | - Davina A F Cossigny
- Spinal Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Spinal Surgery, University of Melbourne Department of Surgery, Austin Health, Heidelberg Victoria, Australia
| | - Gerald M Y Quan
- Spinal Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Spinal Surgery, University of Melbourne Department of Surgery, Austin Health, Heidelberg Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
|
42
|
Arora S, Saini S, Fukuhara S, Majid S, Shahryari V, Yamamura S, Chiyomaru T, Deng G, Tanaka Y, Dahiya R. MicroRNA-4723 inhibits prostate cancer growth through inactivation of the Abelson family of nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinases. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78023. [PMID: 24223753 PMCID: PMC3815229 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The Abelson (c-Abl) proto-oncogene encodes a highly conserved nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinase that plays a role in cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and cell adhesion. c-Abl represents a specific anti-cancer target in prostate cancer as aberrant activity of this kinase has been implicated in the stimulation of prostate cancer growth and progression. However, the mechanism of regulation of c-Abl is not known. Here we report that Abl kinases are regulated by a novel microRNA, miR-4723, in prostate cancer. Expression profiling of miR-4723 expression in a cohort of prostate cancer clinical specimens showed that miR-4723 expression is widely attenuated in prostate cancer. Low miR-4723 expression was significantly correlated with poor survival outcome and our analyses suggest that miR-4723 has significant potential as a disease biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis in prostate cancer. To evaluate the functional significance of decreased miR-4723 expression in prostate cancer, miR-4723 was overexpressed in prostate cancer cell lines followed by functional assays. miR-4723 overexpression led to significant decreases in cell growth, clonability, invasion and migration. Importantly, miR-4723 expression led to dramatic induction of apoptosis in prostate cancer cell lines suggesting that miR-4723 is a pro-apoptotic miRNA regulating prostate carcinogenesis. Analysis of putative miR-4723 targets showed that miR-4723 targets integrin alpha 3 and Methyl CpG binding protein in addition to Abl1 and Abl2 kinases. Further, we found that the expression of Abl kinase is inversely correlated with miR-4723 expression in prostate cancer clinical specimens. Also, Abl1 knockdown partially phenocopies miR-4723 reexpression in prostate cancer cells suggesting that Abl is a functionally relevant target of miR-4723 in prostate cancer. In conclusion, we have identified a novel microRNA that mediates regulation of Abl kinases in prostate cancer. This study suggests that miR-4723 may be an attractive target for therapeutic intervention in prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Arora
- Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco and University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Pathobiology and management of prostate cancer-induced bone pain: recent insights and future treatments. Inflammopharmacology 2013; 21:339-63. [PMID: 23918298 PMCID: PMC3779011 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-013-0183-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) has a high propensity for metastasis to bone. Despite the availability of multiple treatment options for relief of PCa-induced bone pain (PCIBP), satisfactory relief of intractable pain in patients with advanced bony metastases is challenging for the clinicians because currently available analgesic drugs are often limited by poor efficacy and/or dose-limiting side effects. Rodent models developed in the past decade show that the pathobiology of PCIBP comprises elements of inflammatory, neuropathic and ischemic pain arising from ectopic sprouting and sensitization of sensory nerve fibres within PCa-invaded bones. In addition, at the cellular level, PCIBP is underpinned by dynamic cross talk between metastatic PCa cells, cellular components of the bone matrix, factors associated with the bone microenvironment as well as peripheral components of the somatosensory system. These insights are aligned with the clinical management of PCIBP involving use of a multimodal treatment approach comprising analgesic agents (opioids, NSAIDs), radiotherapy, radioisotopes, cancer chemotherapy agents and bisphosphonates. However, a major drawback of most rodent models of PCIBP is their short-term applicability due to ethical concerns. Thus, it has been difficult to gain insight into the mal(adaptive) neuroplastic changes occurring at multiple levels of the somatosensory system that likely contribute to intractable pain at the advanced stages of metastatic disease. Specifically, the functional responsiveness of noxious circuitry as well as the neurochemical signature of a broad array of pro-hyperalgesic mediators in the dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord of rodent models of PCIBP is relatively poorly characterized. Hence, recent work from our laboratory to develop a protocol for an optimized rat model of PCIBP will enable these knowledge gaps to be addressed as well as identification of novel targets for drug discovery programs aimed at producing new analgesics for the improved relief of intractable PCIBP.
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
In recent years, great success has been achieved on many fronts in the treatment of men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), including novel chemotherapeutics, immunotherapies, bone microenvironment-targeted agents, and hormonal therapies. Numerous agents are currently in early-phase clinical trial development for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer. These novel therapies target several areas of prostate tumor biology, including the upregulation of androgen signaling and biosynthesis, critical oncogenic intracellular pathways, epigenetic alterations, and cancer immunology. Importantly, the characterization of the prostate cancer genome offers the potential to exploit conserved genetic alterations, which may increase the efficacy of these targeted therapies. Predictive and prognostic biomarkers are urgently needed to maximize therapeutic efficacy and safety of these promising new treatments options in prostate cancer.
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common male cancer. About 90% of metastatic patients will develop bone metastases. Bone disease is responsible of pain, deterioration of quality of life and serious bone complications. Proliferation of prostate cancer cells in the bone marrow induces osteoclast activation and osteolysis. Targeting the bone microenvironment reduces morbidity. Relevant preclinical and clinical studies of bone-targeted therapies in castration-resistant prostate cancer were identified in PubMed and clinical trial databases. Different drugs are available or in development that target bone resorption (bisphosphonates, RANK ligand inhibitors), bone formation (endothelin 1 inhibitors), cancer cell migration (SRC-family kinase inhibitors, vascular endothelial growth factor-MET inhibitors), and survival (radiopharmaceuticals). In phase III trials, zoledronic acid, denosumab, and radium-223 were shown to significantly delay skeletal-related events. Radium-223 was also shown to improve overall survival. Biomarkers of bone resorption (urinary N-telopeptide) and bone making (alkaline phosphatase) have an independent prognostic impact. Targeting the bone microenvironment is an important component of castration-resistant prostate cancer management to reduce bone complications and improve overall survival. Biomarkers of bone turnover have an independent prognostic impact.
Collapse
|
46
|
Dayyani F, Varkaris A, Araujo JC, Song JH, Chatterji T, Trudel GC, Logothetis CJ, Gallick GE. Increased serum insulin-like growth factor-1 levels are associated with prolonged response to dasatinib-based regimens in metastatic prostate cancer. Prostate 2013; 73:979-85. [PMID: 23371521 PMCID: PMC4013833 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dasatinib, an inhibitor of Src-family kinases, combined with docetaxel in men with castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), affects bone turnover markers in a phase I/II clinical trial in metastatic CRPC. Only a subset of men benefit from this therapy, and predictive markers are lacking. We hypothesized a role for insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) as a predictive marker, since IGF-1 is important in both prostate cancer progression and bone development. Hence, we determined the association of IGF-1 expression to treatment response, and whether this expression resulted from tumor cells, the microenvironment, or their interactions. METHODS We measured serum IGF-1 levels in men with CRPC treated with dasatinib plus docetaxel. To investigate the source of IGF-1, we utilized two different mouse models harboring human prostate cancer cells, and used species-specific IGF-1 ELISA kits (mouse vs. human). RESULTS In men with CRPC, an increase in IGF-1 levels after one cycle of treatment with dasatinib and docetaxel is associated with a higher response rate and longer duration of treatment. Xenograft experiments with subcutaneous and intratibial injection of prostate cancer cells suggest that direct interaction of prostate cancer cells with bone microenvironment is necessary for IGF-1 induction, is entirely host-derived, and occurs only in mice that respond to dasatinib-based therapy. CONCLUSION Our results support a role for serum IGF-1 as a potential biomarker for benefit from dasatinib-based combination treatments in CRPC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farshid Dayyani
- UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Houston, TX
| | - Andreas Varkaris
- UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Houston, TX
| | - John C. Araujo
- UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Houston, TX
| | - Jian H. Song
- UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Houston, TX
| | - Tanushree Chatterji
- UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Houston, TX
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Program in Cancer Metastasis
| | | | | | - Gary E. Gallick
- UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Genitourinary Medical Oncology, Houston, TX
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Program in Cancer Metastasis
- Corresponding author:Gary E Gallick, Ph.D.Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Clinical Research Building (T7.3891) 1515 Holcombe Blvd. Unit 0018 Houston, TX 77030 Phone: (713) 563-4919
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Toren PJ, Gleave ME. Evolving landscape and novel treatments in metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer. Asian J Androl 2013; 15:342-9. [PMID: 23584378 PMCID: PMC3739642 DOI: 10.1038/aja.2013.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment options for castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) have advanced in recent years and significantly improved the outlook for patients with this aggressive and lethal disease. Further understanding of the biology of CRPC has led to several new targeted therapies and continues to emphasize the importance of androgen receptor (AR) directed therapy. The treatment landscape is rapidly changing and further biologically rationale, biomarker-based ongoing clinical trials are needed. We review the recent results of major clinical trials in CRPC. New and investigational agents now in clinical evaluation are reviewed including inhibitors of angiogenesis, microtubules, chaperones, AR and intracellular kinases, as well as immunotherapy, radiopharmaceuticals and bone-targeted agents. The recent improvement in prognosis for CRPC brings continued optimism for further improvements. Thoughtful planning of clinical trials and further understanding of the mechanisms of resistance to therapies will allow for continued progress in patient care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Toren
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Fizazi K, Albiges L, Massard C, Escudier B, Loriot Y. Novel and bone-targeted agents for CRPC. Ann Oncol 2013; 23 Suppl 10:x264-7. [PMID: 22987974 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mds353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Clearly, no neoplasm other than prostate cancer has benefited from so many breakthroughs since the beginning of this decade: the past two years can be considered exceptional due to the number of emerging agents against castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), which have demonstrated positive outcomes in phase III trials. Until 2010, docetaxel (Taxotere) was the only agent capable of improving survival in patients with metastatic CRPC. Since then, positive results from phase III trials have been reported for sipuleucel-T, cabazitaxel, denosumab, abiraterone, radium-223, and enzalutamide, while other promising agents including notably orteronel, ipilimumab and cabozantinib are currently under study. Taken together, the incorporation of these agents in the routine management of patients with CRPC is likely to expand their median life expectancy, which was only ∼1 year until the early 2000, to >30 months in the near future. The availability of these agents will lead to new challenges and questions, such as: Can our societies afford the costs? Should we use these agents sequentially or in combination with an incremental benefit? Can we personalise treatment based on the biology of the individual's disease? How will we develop new active compounds in the context where a half dozen approved agents may confound their potential overall survival effect?
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Fizazi
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris Sud, Villejuif 94800, France.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Semenas J, Allegrucci C, Boorjian SA, Mongan NP, Persson JL. Overcoming drug resistance and treating advanced prostate cancer. Curr Drug Targets 2013; 13:1308-23. [PMID: 22746994 PMCID: PMC3474961 DOI: 10.2174/138945012802429615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Revised: 06/10/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Most of the prostate cancers (PCa) in advanced stage will progress to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Within CRPC group, 50-70% of the patients will develop bone metastasis in axial and other regions of the skeleton. Once PCa cells spread to the bone, currently, no treatment regimens are available to eradicate the metastasis, and cancer-related death becomes inevitable. In 2012, it is estimated that there will be 28,170 PCa deaths in the United States. Thus, PCa bone metastasis-associated clinical complications and treatment resistance pose major clinical challenges. In this review, we will present recent findings on the molecular and cellular pathways that are responsible for bone metastasis of PCa. We will address several novel mechanisms with a focus on the role of bone and bone marrow microenvironment in promoting PCa metastasis, and will further discuss why prostate cancer cells preferentially metastasize to the bone. Additionally, we will discuss novel roles of several key pathways, including angiogenesis and extracellular matrix remodeling in bone marrow and stem cell niches with their relationship to PCa bone metastasis and poor treatment response. We will evaluate how various chemotherapeutic drugs and radiation therapies may allow aggressive PCa cells to gain advantageous mutations leading to increased survival and rendering the cancer cells to become resistant to treatment. The novel concept relating several key survival and invasion signaling pathways to stem cell niches and treatment resistance will be reviewed. Lastly, we will provide an update of several recently developed novel drug candidates that target metastatic cancer microenvironments or niches, and discuss the advantages and significance provided by such therapeutic approaches in pursuit of overcoming drug resistance and treating advanced PCa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julius Semenas
- Division of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Clinical ResearchCentre in Malmö, Malmo, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Dumont RA, Tamma M, Braun F, Borkowski S, Reubi JC, Maecke H, Weber WA, Mansi R. Targeted Radiotherapy of Prostate Cancer with a Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptor Antagonist Is Effective as Monotherapy and in Combination with Rapamycin. J Nucl Med 2013; 54:762-9. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.112.112169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|