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Mao S, Li S, Zhang Y, Long L, Peng J, Cao Y, Mao JZ, Qi X, Xin Q, San G, Ding J, Jiang J, Bai X, Wang Q, Xu P, Xia H, Lu L, Xie L, Kong D, Zhu S, Xu W. A highly efficient needle-free-injection delivery system for mRNA-LNP vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. NANO TODAY 2023; 48:101730. [PMID: 36570700 PMCID: PMC9767897 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2022.101730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite the various vaccines that have been developed to combat the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the persistent and unpredictable mutations of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) require innovative and unremitting solutions to cope with the resultant immune evasion and establish a sustainable immune barrier. Here we introduce a vaccine-delivery system with a combination of a needle-free injection (NFI) device and a SARS-CoV-2-Spike-specific mRNA-Lipid Nanoparticle (LNP) vaccine. The benefits are duller pain and a significant increase of immunogenicity compared to the canonical needle injection (NI). From physicochemical and bioactivity analyses, the structure of the mRNA-LNP maintains stability upon NFI, contradictory to the belief that LNPs are inclined towards destruction under the high-pressure conditions of NFI. Moreover, mRNA-LNP vaccine delivered by NFI induces significantly more binding and neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants than the same vaccine delivered by NI. Heterogeneous vaccination of BA.5-LNP vaccine with NFI enhanced the generation of neutralizing antibodies against Omicron BA.5 variants in rabbits previously vaccinated with non-BA.5-specific mRNA-LNP or other COVID-19 vaccines. NFI parameters can be adjusted to deliver mRNA-LNP subcutaneously or intramuscularly. Taken together, our results suggest that NFI-based mRNA-LNP vaccination is an effective substitute for the traditional NI-based mRNA-LNP vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanhong Mao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Shiyou Li
- Tricision Biotherapeutic Inc, Beijing 100176, Zhuhai 519040, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Beijing QS Medical Technology Co.,Ltd., Beijing 100176, China
| | - Luoxin Long
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Junfeng Peng
- Tricision Biotherapeutic Inc, Beijing 100176, Zhuhai 519040, China
| | - Yuanyan Cao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jessica Z Mao
- School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Xin Qi
- Beijing QS Medical Technology Co.,Ltd., Beijing 100176, China
| | - Qi Xin
- Tricision Biotherapeutic Inc, Beijing 100176, Zhuhai 519040, China
| | - Guoliang San
- Beijing QS Medical Technology Co.,Ltd., Beijing 100176, China
| | - Jing Ding
- Beijing QS Medical Technology Co.,Ltd., Beijing 100176, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Tricision Biotherapeutic Inc, Beijing 100176, Zhuhai 519040, China
| | - Xuejiao Bai
- Tricision Biotherapeutic Inc, Beijing 100176, Zhuhai 519040, China
| | - Qianting Wang
- Tricision Biotherapeutic Inc, Beijing 100176, Zhuhai 519040, China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Tricision Biotherapeutic Inc, Beijing 100176, Zhuhai 519040, China
| | - Huan Xia
- Tricision Biotherapeutic Inc, Beijing 100176, Zhuhai 519040, China
| | - Lijun Lu
- Tricision Biotherapeutic Inc, Beijing 100176, Zhuhai 519040, China
| | - Liangzhi Xie
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein and Antibody, Sinocelltech Ltd., Beijing 100176, China
| | - Desheng Kong
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Protein and Antibody, Sinocelltech Ltd., Beijing 100176, China
| | - Shuangli Zhu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Wenbo Xu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
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Grego EA, Siddoway AC, Uz M, Liu L, Christiansen JC, Ross KA, Kelly SM, Mallapragada SK, Wannemuehler MJ, Narasimhan B. Polymeric Nanoparticle-Based Vaccine Adjuvants and Delivery Vehicles. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2021; 433:29-76. [PMID: 33165869 PMCID: PMC8107186 DOI: 10.1007/82_2020_226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
As vaccine formulations have progressed from including live or attenuated strains of pathogenic components for enhanced safety, developing new adjuvants to more effectively generate adaptive immune responses has become necessary. In this context, polymeric nanoparticles have emerged as a promising platform with multiple advantages, including the dual capability of adjuvant and delivery vehicle, administration via multiple routes, induction of rapid and long-lived immunity, greater shelf-life at elevated temperatures, and enhanced patient compliance. This comprehensive review describes advances in nanoparticle-based vaccines (i.e., nanovaccines) with a particular focus on polymeric particles as adjuvants and delivery vehicles. Examples of the nanovaccine approach in respiratory infections, biodefense, and cancer are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Grego
- Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Alaric C Siddoway
- Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Metin Uz
- Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
- Departments of Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Luman Liu
- Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - John C Christiansen
- Departments of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Kathleen A Ross
- Departments of Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Sean M Kelly
- Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Surya K Mallapragada
- Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
- Departments of Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Michael J Wannemuehler
- Departments of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
- Departments of Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Balaji Narasimhan
- Departments of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
- Departments of Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.
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Maeyama JI, Kurata-Iesato Y, Isaka M, Komiya T, Sakurai S. Induction of antibody responses in mice immunized intranasally with Type I interferon as adjuvant and synergistic effect of chitosan. Microbiol Immunol 2020; 64:610-619. [PMID: 32662896 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Type I IFNs are a range of host-derived molecules with adjuvant potential; they have been used for many years in the treatment of cancer and viral hepatitis. Therefore, the safety of IFNs for human use has been established. In this study, we evaluated the mucosal adjuvanticity of IFN-β administered intranasally to mice with diphtheria toxoid, and suggested a method to improve its adjuvanticity. When IFN-β alone was used as a mucosal adjuvant, no clear results were obtained. However, simultaneous administration of IFN-β and chitosan resulted in an enhancement of the specific serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA antibody responses, the mucosal IgA antibody response, and antitoxin titers. Furthermore, the intranasal administration of IFN-α alone resulted in a greater increase in antibody titer than IFN-β, and a synergistic effect with chitosan was also observed. These findings suggest that intranasal administration of chitosan and Type I IFNs may display an effective synergistic mucosal adjuvant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ichi Maeyama
- Department of Safety Research on Blood and Biological Products, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Kurata-Iesato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, Toray Industries Inc., Mishima, Japan
| | - Masanori Isaka
- Department of Microbiology, Nagoya City University Medical School, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takako Komiya
- Department of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Infection, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shingou Sakurai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
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Gestal MC, Johnson HM, Harvill ET. Immunomodulation as a Novel Strategy for Prevention and Treatment of Bordetella spp. Infections. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2869. [PMID: 31921136 PMCID: PMC6923730 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Well-adapted pathogens have evolved to survive the many challenges of a robust immune response. Defending against all host antimicrobials simultaneously would be exceedingly difficult, if not impossible, so many co-evolved organisms utilize immunomodulatory tools to subvert, distract, and/or evade the host immune response. Bordetella spp. present many examples of the diversity of immunomodulators and an exceptional experimental system in which to study them. Recent advances in this experimental system suggest strategies for interventions that tweak immunity to disrupt bacterial immunomodulation, engaging more effective host immunity to better prevent and treat infections. Here we review advances in the understanding of respiratory pathogens, with special focus on Bordetella spp., and prospects for the use of immune-stimulatory interventions in the prevention and treatment of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica C Gestal
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Hannah M Johnson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Eric T Harvill
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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Huy NX, Tien NQD, Kim MY, Kim TG, Jang YS, Yang MS. Immunogenicity of an S1D epitope from porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and cholera toxin B subunit fusion protein transiently expressed in infiltrated Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. PLANT CELL, TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE 2016; 127:369-380. [PMID: 32214565 PMCID: PMC7088629 DOI: 10.1007/s11240-016-1059-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) belongs to the Coronaviridae family and causes acute enteritis in pigs. A fragment of the large spike glycoprotein, termed the S1D epitope (aa 636-789), alone and fused with cholera toxin B subunit, were independently cloned into plant expression vectors, yielding plasmids pMYV717 and pMYV719, respectively. Plant expression vectors were transformed into Agrobacterium tumefaciens and subsequently infiltrated into Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. The highest expression level of S1D was found at 2 days post infiltration (dpi), reached 0.04 % of total soluble protein, and rapidly decreased thereafter. The expression and assembly of CTB-S1D fusion protein were confirmed by Western blot and GM1-ELISA. The highest expression level of CTB-S1D fusion protein was 0.07 % of TSP at 4 dpi, with a rapid decrease thereafter. In the presence of p19 protein from tomato bushy stunt virus, the S1D and CTB-S1D protein levels peaked at 6 dpi and were fourfold to sevenfold higher than in the absence of p19, respectively. After oral administration of transiently expressed CTB-S1D fusion protein, or with bacterial cholera toxin or rice callus expressing mutant cholera toxin 61F, mice exhibited significantly greater serum IgG and sIgA levels against bacterial CTB and S1D antigen, peaking at week 6. Transiently expressed CTB-S1D fusion protein will be administered orally to pigs to assess the immune response against PEDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen-Xuan Huy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Biology Department, Hue University of Education, 34 Le Loi, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen-Quang-Duc Tien
- Department of Bioactive Material Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Young Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Geum Kim
- Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Center for Jeongup Industry-Academy-Institute Cooperation, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Suk Jang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioactive Material Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Sik Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioactive Material Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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Gohar A, Abdeltawab NF, Fahmy A, Amin MA. Development of safe, effective and immunogenic vaccine candidate for diarrheagenic Escherichia coli main pathotypes in a mouse model. BMC Res Notes 2016; 9:80. [PMID: 26860931 PMCID: PMC4748553 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-016-1891-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Enteric and diarrheal diseases are important causes of childhood death in the developing world. These diseases are responsible for more than 750 thousand deaths in children under 5 years old worldwide, ranking second cause of death, after lower respiratory diseases, in this age group. Among the major causative agents of diarrhea is Escherichia coli. There are several vaccine trials for diarrheagenic E. coli. However, diarrheagenic E. coli has seven pathotypes and vaccines are directed for one or two of the five main pathotypes-causing diarrhea. Currently, there are no combined vaccines available in the market for all five diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes. Therefore, we aimed to develop a low-cost vaccine candidate combining the five main diarrheagenic E. coli to offer wide-spectrum protection. We formulated a formalin-killed whole-cell mixture of enteroaggregative, enteropathogenic, enteroinvasive, enterohemorrhagic, and enterotoxigenic E. coli pathotypes as a combined vaccine candidate. Results We immunized Balb/C mice subcutaneously with 109 CFU of combined vaccine candidate and found a significant increase in survival rate post challenge compared to unimmunized controls (100 % survival). Next we aimed to determine the immunological response of mice to the combined vaccine candidate compared to each pathotype immunization. To do so, we immunized mice groups with combined vaccine candidate and monitored biomarkers levels over 6 weeks as well as measured responses post challenge with relevant living E. coli. We found significant increase in specific systemic antibodies (IgG), interferon gamma (IFNγ) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels elicited by combined vaccine candidate especially in the first 2 weeks after mice immunization compared to controls (p < 0.05). We also evaluated alum and cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) as potential adjuvant systems for our candidate vaccine. We found that CTB-adjuvanted combined vaccine candidate showed significantly higher IgG and IFNγ levels than alum. Conclusions Overall, our combined vaccine candidate offered protection against the five main diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes in a single vaccine using mouse model. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first combined vaccine against the five main diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes that is cost-effective with promise for further testing in humans. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13104-016-1891-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Gohar
- Viral Control Unit, National Organization of Research and Control of Biological, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Nourtan F Abdeltawab
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Ali Fahmy
- Viral Control Unit, National Organization of Research and Control of Biological, Cairo, Egypt. .,Research and Development Sector, Egyptian Company for Production of Vaccines, Sera and Drugs, The Holding Company for Biological Products and Vaccines (VACSERA), Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Magdy A Amin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
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Thiam F, Charpilienne A, Poncet D, Kohli E, Basset C. B subunits of cholera toxin and thermolabile enterotoxin of Escherichia coli have similar adjuvant effect as whole molecules on rotavirus 2/6-VLP specific antibody responses and induce a Th17-like response after intrarectal immunization. Microb Pathog 2015; 89:27-34. [PMID: 26318874 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2015.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the adjuvant effect of the B subunits of cholera toxin (CT) and the thermolabile enterotoxin of Escherichia coli (LT) by the intrarectal route of immunization and compare them to the whole molecules CT and LT-R192G, a non toxic mutant of LT, using 2/6-VLP as an antigen, in mice. All molecules induced similar antigen specific antibody titers in serum and feces, whereas different T cell profiles were observed. CTB and LTB, conversely to CT and LT-R192G, did not induce detectable production of IL-2 by antigen specific T cells. Moreover, CTB, conversely to LT-R192G, CT and LTB, did not induce antigen specific CD4+CD25+Foxp3- and Foxp3+ T cells, thus showing different effects between the B subunits themselves. However, all molecules induced an antigen specific Th17 response. In conclusion, B subunits are potent adjuvants on B cell responses by the intrarectal route. Although their impact on T cell responses are different, all molecules induce a 2/6-VLP-specific Th17 T cell response that may play a major role in helping B cell responses and thus in adjuvanticity and protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatou Thiam
- Centre de Recherche Inserm UMR866 'Lipides, Nutrition, Cancer', Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Annie Charpilienne
- Virologie Moléculaire et Structurale, UMR CNRS 2472 INRA 1157, Gif/Yvette, France
| | - Didier Poncet
- Virologie Moléculaire et Structurale, UMR CNRS 2472 INRA 1157, Gif/Yvette, France
| | - Evelyne Kohli
- Centre de Recherche Inserm UMR866 'Lipides, Nutrition, Cancer', Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Christelle Basset
- Centre de Recherche Inserm UMR866 'Lipides, Nutrition, Cancer', Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.
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9
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Romaniuk SI, Kolybo DV, Komisarenko SV. Recombinant diphtheria toxin derivatives: Perspectives of application. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2012; 38:639-52. [DOI: 10.1134/s106816201206012x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Identification of a novel linear epitope in tetanus toxin recognized by a protective monoclonal antibody: implications for vaccine design. Vaccine 2012; 30:6449-55. [PMID: 22889825 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Revised: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Tetanus, a severe infectious disease, is caused by tetanus toxin (TT) from Clostridium tetani, which remains one of the most critical unsolved health problems despite preventive strategies. The carboxyl terminal of TT (TTC) is responsible for the binding of TT to neurons and for its toxicity and has been proven to be immunogenic and protective in various forms. It would therefore be extremely interesting to identify the epitope on TTC at a molecular level. In this study, we generated a neutralizing monoclonal antibody, 5C4, which inhibited TT binding to its receptor and was efficiently protective at 73.7 IU/mg. Moreover, 5C4 recognized a novel linear epitope on TT, namely TC((1155-1171)), which spans from Lys1155 to Val1171. In addition, TC((1155-1171)) was shown to elicit the production of a serum IgG that protected mice against a challenge with TT. These results suggested that TC((1155-1171)) and the monoclonal antibody 5C4 are good candidates for the development of epitope-based vaccines and therapeutic antibodies against tetanus.
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Licciardi PV, Underwood JR. Identification of a novel vaccine adjuvant that stimulates and maintains diphtheria toxoid immunity. Vaccine 2010; 28:3865-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.02.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2009] [Revised: 02/14/2010] [Accepted: 02/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Fc receptor-targeted mucosal vaccination as a novel strategy for the generation of enhanced immunity against mucosal and non-mucosal pathogens. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2009; 57:311-23. [PMID: 19688186 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-009-0040-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2009] [Accepted: 03/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated that targeting immunogens to Fcgamma receptors (FcgammaR) on antigen (Ag)-presenting cells (APC) can enhance humoral and cellular immunity in vitro and in vivo. FcgammaR are classified based on their molecular weight, IgG-Fc binding affinities, IgG subclass binding specificity, and cellular distribution and they consist of activating and inhibitory receptors. However, despite the potential advantages of targeting Ag to FcR at mucosal sites, very little is known regarding the role of FcR in mucosal immunity or the efficacy of FcR-targeted mucosal vaccines. In addition, recent work has suggested that FcRn is present in the lungs of adult mice and humans and can transport FcRn-targeted Ag to FcgammaR-bearing APC within mucosal lymphoid tissue. In this review we will discuss the need for new vaccine strategies, the potential for FcR-targeted vaccines to fill this need, the impact of activating versus inhibitory FcgammaR on FcR-targeted vaccination, the significance of focusing on mucosal immunity, as well as caveats that could impact the use of FcR targeting as a mucosal vaccine strategy.
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Bitsaktsis C, Rawool DB, Li Y, Kurkure NV, Iglesias B, Gosselin EJ. Differential requirements for protection against mucosal challenge with Francisella tularensis in the presence versus absence of cholera toxin B and inactivated F. tularensis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 182:4899-909. [PMID: 19342669 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0803242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Francisella tularensis is a category A biothreat agent for which there is no approved vaccine and the correlates of protection are not well understood. In particular, the relationship between the humoral and cellular immune response to F. tularensis and the relative importance of each in protection is controversial. Yet, understanding this relationship will be crucial to the development of an effective vaccine against this organism. We demonstrate, for the first time, a differential requirement for humoral vs cellular immunity in vaccine-induced protection against F. tularensis infection, and that the requirement for Ab observed in some protection studies, may be overcome through the induction of enhanced cellular immunity. Specifically, following intranasal/mucosal immunization of mice with inactivated F. tularensis organisms plus the cholera toxin B subunit, we observe increased production of IgG2a/2c vs IgG1 Ab, as well as IFN-gamma, indicating induction of a Th1 response. In addition, the requirement for F. tularensis-specific IgA Ab production, observed in studies following immunization with inactivated F. tularensis alone, is eliminated. Thus, these data indicate that enhanced Th1 responses can supersede the requirement for anti-F. tularensis-specific IgA. This observation also has important ramifications for vaccine development against this organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantine Bitsaktsis
- Center for Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
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Prabakaran M, Velumani S, He F, Karuppannan AK, Geng GY, Yin LK, Kwang J. Protective immunity against influenza H5N1 virus challenge in mice by intranasal co-administration of baculovirus surface-displayed HA and recombinant CTB as an adjuvant. Virology 2008; 380:412-20. [PMID: 18786689 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2008.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2008] [Revised: 07/25/2008] [Accepted: 08/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The increasing number of recent outbreaks of HPAI H5N1 in birds and humans brings out an urgent need to develop potent H5N1 vaccine regimens. Here we present a study on the intranasal vaccination of recombinant baculovirus surface-displayed hemagglutinin (BacHA) or inactivated whole H5N1 viral (IWV) vaccine with a recombinant cholera toxin B subunit (rCTB) as a mucosal adjuvant in a BALB/c mouse model. Two groups of mice were vaccinated with different doses (HA titer of log 2(4) or log 2(8)) of either HA surface-displayed baculovirus or inactivated whole viral vaccine virus adjuvanted with different doses (2 mug or 10 mug) of rCTB. The vaccinations were repeated after 28 days. HA specific serum IgG and mucosal IgA antibodies were quantified by indirect ELISA, and serum neutralizing antibody titer were estimated by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay and virus neutralization titer assay. Functional protective efficacy of the vaccine was assessed by host challenge against HPAI H5N1 strains. The results revealed that mice co-administered with log 2(8) HA titer of BacHA vaccine and adjuvanted with 10 mug of rCTB had a significantly enhanced serum IgG and mucosal IgA immune response and serum microneutralization titer compared with mice administered with unadjuvanted log 2(4) or log 2(8) HA titer of BacHA alone. Also vaccination with 10 mug of rCTB and log 2(8) HA titer of BacHA elicited higher HA specific serum and mucosal antibody levels and serum HI titer than vaccination with log 2(8) HA titer of inactivated H5N1 virus adjuvanted with the same dose of rCTB. The host challenge study also showed that 10 mug rCTB combined with log 2(8) HA titer of BacHA provided 100% protection against 10MLD(50) of homologous and heterologous H5N1 strains. The study shows that the combination of rH5 HA expressed on baculovirus surface and rCTB mucosal adjuvant form an effective mucosal vaccine against H5N1 infection. This baculovirus surface-displayed vaccine is more efficacious than inactivated H5N1 influenza vaccine when administered by intranasal route and has no biosafety concerns associated with isolation, purification and production of the latter vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mookkan Prabakaran
- Animal Health Biotechnology, Temasek Life Science Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604
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Isaka M, Zhao Y, Nobusawa E, Nakajima S, Nakajima K, Yasuda Y, Matsui H, Hasegawa T, Maeyama JI, Morokuma K, Ohkuma K, Tochikubo K. Protective effect of nasal immunization of influenza virus hemagglutinin with recombinant cholera toxin B subunit as a mucosal adjuvant in mice. Microbiol Immunol 2008; 52:55-63. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2008.00010.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Roland KL, Cloninger C, Kochi SK, Thomas LJ, Tinge SA, Rouskey C, Killeen KP. Construction and preclinical evaluation of recombinant Peru-15 expressing high levels of the cholera toxin B subunit as a vaccine against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Vaccine 2007; 25:8574-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.09.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2007] [Revised: 09/18/2007] [Accepted: 09/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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18
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Zhang X, Zhang X, Yang Q. Effect of compound mucosal immune adjuvant on mucosal and systemic immune responses in chicken orally vaccinated with attenuated Newcastle-disease vaccine. Vaccine 2007; 25:3254-62. [PMID: 17303292 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2006] [Revised: 01/07/2007] [Accepted: 01/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In order to compare the adjuvant activity of compound mucosal immune adjuvant (cMIA), two novel compound adjuvants (cMIA I and cMIA II) were prepared and mixed with Newcastle-disease (ND) vaccine, respectively, to vaccinate 7-day-old chickens, taking the non-adjuvant vaccines and PBS as controls. Serum were sampled on weeks 1-7 and tissues on weeks 3, 5 and 7 after vaccination, respectively. The humoral and cellular immune responses were determined by means of hemagglutination inhibition test, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, semi-quantitative RT-PCR, immunohistochemical examination and histological examination. The results showed that two compound adjuvants could promote CD3+ T lymphocytes, IgA secreting cells, intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (iIEL) and Mast cells formation and enhance serum and content antibody titer. The best adjuvant activity of cMIA II in promoting cellular immunity and cMIA I in enhancing humoral immunity occurred in whole immune period. Based on good synergistic effects of their components, two cMIAs would be expected as new-type mucosal immune adjuvants for mucosal immune.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Zhang
- Key laboratory of animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Aguila A, Donachie AM, Peyre M, McSharry CP, Sesardic D, Mowat AM. Induction of protective and mucosal immunity against diphtheria by a immune stimulating complex (ISCOMS) based vaccine. Vaccine 2006; 24:5201-10. [PMID: 16650917 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.03.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2005] [Revised: 03/21/2006] [Accepted: 03/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing concern over the efficacy of existing vaccines for diphtheria and there is interest in the development of a mucosally active formulation which might improve local protection. Lipophilic immune stimulating complexes (ISCOMS) containing Quil A are active by both parenteral and mucosal routes and here we have established methods for incorporating palmitified diphtheria toxoid (DT) into ISCOMS. The resulting formulation was immunogenic by the subcutaneous, oral and intranasal routes, with very low doses of DT inducing systemic humoral immune responses, as well as cell mediated immunity including both gammaIFN and IL5 production. Intranasal immunisation with DT in ISCOMS also stimulated significant local antibody production in tracheal washes, as well as cellular immunity in draining lymphoid tissues and serum neutralising antibodies. Finally, subcutaneous immunisation of guinea pigs with DT in ISCOMS primed protective immunity against challenge with diphtheria holotoxin more efficiently than the equivalent doses of DT in the conventional alum vaccine. ISCOMS based vaccines may provide a novel strategy for mucosal and systemic immunisation against diphtheria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Aguila
- Division of Immunology, Infection and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Biomedical Research Centre, 120 University Place, Glasgow, Scotland G12 8TA, United Kingdom
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