1
|
Keating SM, Heitman JW, Wu S, Deng X, Stacey AR, Zahn RC, de la Rosa M, Finstad SL, Lifson JD, Piatak M, Gauduin MC, Kessler BM, Ternette N, Carville A, Johnson RP, Desrosiers RC, Letvin NL, Borrow P, Norris PJ, Schmitz JE. Magnitude and Quality of Cytokine and Chemokine Storm during Acute Infection Distinguish Nonprogressive and Progressive Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infections of Nonhuman Primates. J Virol 2016; 90:10339-10350. [PMID: 27630228 PMCID: PMC5105668 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01061-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection represents a period of intense immune perturbation and activation of the host immune system. Study of the eclipse and viral expansion phases of infection is difficult in humans, but studies in nonprogressive and progressive nonhuman primate (NHP) infection models can provide significant insight into critical events occurring during this time. Cytokines, chemokines, and other soluble immune factors were measured in longitudinal samples from rhesus macaques infected with either SIVmac251 (progressive infection) or SIVmac239Δnef (attenuated/nonprogressive infection) and from African green monkeys infected with SIVsab9315BR (nonpathogenic infection). Levels of acute-phase peak viral replication were highest in SIVmac251 infection but correlated positively with viremia at 3 months postinfection in all three infection models. SIVmac251 infection was associated with stronger corresponding acute-phase cytokine/chemokine responses than the nonprogressive infections. The production of interleukin 15 (IL-15), IL-18, gamma interferon (IFN-γ), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), macrophage inflammatory protein 1β (MIP-1β), and serum amyloid A protein (SAA) during acute SIVmac251 infection, but not during SIVmac239Δnef or SIVsab9315BR infection, correlated positively with chronic viremia at 3 months postinfection. Acute-phase production of MCP-1 correlated with viremia at 3 months postinfection in both nonprogressive infections. Finally, a positive correlation between the acute-phase area under the curve (AUC) for IL-6 and soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) and chronic viremia was observed only for the nonprogressive infection models. While we observed dynamic acute inflammatory immune responses in both progressive and nonprogressive SIV infections, the responses in the nonprogressive infections were not only lower in magnitude but also qualitatively different biomarkers of disease progression. IMPORTANCE NHP models of HIV infection constitute a powerful tool with which to study viral pathogenesis in order to gain critical information for a better understanding of HIV infection in humans. Here we studied progressive and nonprogressive simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection models in both natural and nonnatural host NHP species. Regardless of the pathogenicity of the virus infection and regardless of the NHP species studied, the magnitude of viremia, as measured by area under the curve, during the first 4 weeks of infection correlated positively with viremia in chronic infection. The magnitude of cytokine and chemokine responses during primary infection also correlated positively with both acute-phase and chronic viremia. However, the pattern and levels of specific cytokines and chemokines produced differed between nonprogressive and progressive SIV infection models. The qualitative differences in the early immune response in pathogenic and nonpathogenic infections identified here may be important determinants of the subsequent disease course.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheila M Keating
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - John W Heitman
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Shiquan Wu
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Xutao Deng
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Andrea R Stacey
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Roland C Zahn
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maurus de la Rosa
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Samantha L Finstad
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Lifson
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael Piatak
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Marie-Claire Gauduin
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Virology and Immunology and Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Benedikt M Kessler
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Ternette
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Carville
- Department of Primate Resources, New England Primate Research Center, Southborough, Massachusetts, USA
| | - R Paul Johnson
- Department of Immunology, New England Primate Research Center, Southborough, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ronald C Desrosiers
- Department of Microbiology, New England Primate Research Center, Southborough, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Norman L Letvin
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Persephone Borrow
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Philip J Norris
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Joern E Schmitz
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Valentin A, McKinnon K, Li J, Rosati M, Kulkarni V, Pilkington GR, Bear J, Alicea C, Vargas-Inchaustegui DA, Jean Patterson L, Pegu P, Liyanage NPM, Gordon SN, Vaccari M, Wang Y, Hogg AE, Frey B, Sui Y, Reed SG, Sardesai NY, Berzofsky JA, Franchini G, Robert-Guroff M, Felber BK, Pavlakis GN. Comparative analysis of SIV-specific cellular immune responses induced by different vaccine platforms in rhesus macaques. Clin Immunol 2014; 155:91-107. [PMID: 25229164 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
To identify the most promising vaccine candidates for combinatorial strategies, we compared five SIV vaccine platforms including recombinant canary pox virus ALVAC, replication-competent adenovirus type 5 host range mutant RepAd, DNA, modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA), peptides and protein in distinct combinations. Three regimens used viral vectors (prime or boost) and two regimens used plasmid DNA. Analysis at necropsy showed that the DNA-based vaccine regimens elicited significantly higher cellular responses against Gag and Env than any of the other vaccine platforms. The T cell responses induced by most vaccine regimens disseminated systemically into secondary lymphoid tissues (lymph nodes, spleen) and effector anatomical sites (including liver, vaginal tissue), indicative of their role in viral containment at the portal of entry. The cellular and reported humoral immune response data suggest that combination of DNA and viral vectors elicits a balanced immunity with strong and durable responses able to disseminate into relevant mucosal sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Valentin
- Human Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Katherine McKinnon
- FACS Core Facility, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jinyao Li
- Human Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Margherita Rosati
- Human Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Viraj Kulkarni
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Guy R Pilkington
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Jenifer Bear
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Candido Alicea
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Diego A Vargas-Inchaustegui
- Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - L Jean Patterson
- Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Poonam Pegu
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccine Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Namal P M Liyanage
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccine Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shari N Gordon
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccine Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Monica Vaccari
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccine Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yichuan Wang
- Molecular Immunogenetics and Vaccine Research Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alison E Hogg
- Molecular Immunogenetics and Vaccine Research Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Blake Frey
- Molecular Immunogenetics and Vaccine Research Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yongjun Sui
- Molecular Immunogenetics and Vaccine Research Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Steven G Reed
- Infectious Diseases Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Jay A Berzofsky
- Molecular Immunogenetics and Vaccine Research Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Genoveffa Franchini
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccine Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marjorie Robert-Guroff
- Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Barbara K Felber
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA.
| | - George N Pavlakis
- Human Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tuero I, Robert-Guroff M. Challenges in mucosal HIV vaccine development: lessons from non-human primate models. Viruses 2014; 6:3129-58. [PMID: 25196380 PMCID: PMC4147690 DOI: 10.3390/v6083129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficacious HIV vaccine is urgently needed to curb the AIDS pandemic. The modest protection elicited in the phase III clinical vaccine trial in Thailand provided hope that this goal might be achieved. However, new approaches are necessary for further advances. As HIV is transmitted primarily across mucosal surfaces, development of immunity at these sites is critical, but few clinical vaccine trials have targeted these sites or assessed vaccine-elicited mucosal immune responses. Pre-clinical studies in non-human primate models have facilitated progress in mucosal vaccine development by evaluating candidate vaccine approaches, developing methodologies for collecting and assessing mucosal samples, and providing clues to immune correlates of protective immunity for further investigation. In this review we have focused on non-human primate studies which have provided important information for future design of vaccine strategies, targeting of mucosal inductive sites, and assessment of mucosal immunity. Knowledge gained in these studies will inform mucosal vaccine design and evaluation in human clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iskra Tuero
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Marjorie Robert-Guroff
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Felber BK, Valentin A, Rosati M, Bergamaschi C, Pavlakis GN. HIV DNA Vaccine: Stepwise Improvements Make a Difference. Vaccines (Basel) 2014; 2:354-79. [PMID: 26344623 PMCID: PMC4494255 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines2020354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inefficient DNA delivery methods and low expression of plasmid DNA have been major obstacles for the use of plasmid DNA as vaccine for HIV/AIDS. This review describes successful efforts to improve DNA vaccine methodology over the past ~30 years. DNA vaccination, either alone or in combination with other methods, has the potential to be a rapid, safe, and effective vaccine platform against AIDS. Recent clinical trials suggest the feasibility of its translation to the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara K Felber
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, P.O. Box B, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Antonio Valentin
- Human Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, P.O. Box B, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Margherita Rosati
- Human Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, P.O. Box B, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - Cristina Bergamaschi
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, P.O. Box B, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | - George N Pavlakis
- Human Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, P.O. Box B, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kulkarni V, Rosati M, Jalah R, Ganneru B, Alicea C, Yu L, Guan Y, LaBranche C, Montefiori DC, King AD, Valentin A, Pavlakis GN, Felber BK. DNA vaccination by intradermal electroporation induces long-lasting immune responses in rhesus macaques. J Med Primatol 2014; 43:329-40. [PMID: 24810337 PMCID: PMC4176517 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A desirable HIV vaccine should induce protective long-lasting humoral and cellular immune responses. METHODS Macaques were immunized by env DNA, selected from a panel of recently transmitted SIVmac251 Env using intradermal electroporation as vaccine delivery method and magnitude, breadth and longevity of humoral and cellular immune responses. RESULTS The macaques developed high, long-lasting humoral immune responses with neutralizing capacity against homologous and heterologous Env. The avidity of the antibody responses was also preserved over 1-year follow-up. Analysis of cellular immune responses demonstrated induction of Env-specific memory T cells harboring granzyme B, albeit their overall levels were low. Similar to the humoral responses, the cellular immunity was persistent over the ~1-year follow-up. CONCLUSION These data show that vaccination by this intradermal DNA delivery regimen is able to induce potent and durable immune responses in macaques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viraj Kulkarni
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Vaccination with a fusion protein that introduces HIV-1 gag antigen into a multitrimer CD40L construct results in enhanced CD8+ T cell responses and protection from viral challenge by vaccinia-gag. J Virol 2013; 88:1492-501. [PMID: 24227853 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02229-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
CD40 ligand (CD40L, CD154) is a membrane protein that is important for the activation of dendritic cells (DCs) and DC-induced CD8(+) T cell responses. To be active, CD40L must cluster CD40 receptors on responding cells. To produce a soluble form of CD40L that clusters CD40 receptors necessitates the use of a multitrimer construct. With this in mind, a tripartite fusion protein was made from surfactant protein D (SPD), HIV-1 Gag as a test antigen, and CD40L, where SPD serves as a scaffold for the multitrimer protein complex. This SPD-Gag-CD40L protein activated CD40-bearing cells and bone marrow-derived DCs in vitro. Compared to a plasmid for Gag antigen alone (pGag), DNA vaccination of mice with pSPD-Gag-CD40L induced an increased number of Gag-specific CD8(+) T cells with increased avidity for major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted Gag peptide and improved vaccine-induced protection from challenge by vaccinia-Gag virus. The importance of the multitrimeric nature of the complex was shown using a plasmid lacking the N terminus of SPD that produced a single trimer fusion protein. This plasmid, pTrimer-Gag-CD40L, was only weakly active on CD40-bearing cells and did not elicit strong CD8(+) T cell responses or improve protection from vaccinia-Gag challenge. An adenovirus 5 (Ad5) vaccine incorporating SPD-Gag-CD40L was much stronger than Ad5 expressing Gag alone (Ad5-Gag) and induced complete protection (i.e., sterilizing immunity) from vaccinia-Gag challenge. Overall, these results show the potential of a new vaccine design in which antigen is introduced into a construct that expresses a multitrimer soluble form of CD40L, leading to strongly protective CD8(+) T cell responses.
Collapse
|
7
|
Kulkarni V, Rosati M, Valentin A, Jalah R, Alicea C, Yu L, Guan Y, Shen X, Tomaras GD, LaBranche C, Montefiori DC, Irene C, Prattipati R, Pinter A, Sullivan SM, Pavlakis GN, Felber BK. Vaccination with Vaxfectin(®) adjuvanted SIV DNA induces long-lasting humoral immune responses able to reduce SIVmac251 Viremia. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2013; 9:2069-80. [PMID: 23820294 DOI: 10.4161/hv.25442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the immunogenicity and efficacy of Vaxfectin(®) adjuvanted SIV DNA vaccines in mice and macaques. Vaccination of mice with Vaxfectin(®) adjuvanted SIV gag DNA induced higher humoral immune responses than administration of unadjuvanted DNA, whereas similar levels of cellular immunity were elicited. Vaxfectin(®) adjuvanted SIVmac251 gag and env DNA immunization of rhesus macaques was used to examine magnitude, durability, and efficacy of humoral immunity. Vaccinated macaques elicited potent neutralizing antibodies able to cross-neutralize the heterologous SIVsmE660 Env. We found remarkable durability of Gag and Env humoral responses, sustained during ~2 y of follow-up. The Env-specific antibody responses induced by Vaxfectin(®) adjuvanted env DNA vaccination disseminated into mucosal tissues, as demonstrated by their presence in saliva, including responses to the V1-V2 region, and rectal fluids. The efficacy of the immune responses was evaluated upon intrarectal challenge with low repeated dose SIVmac251. Although 2 of the 3 vaccinees became infected, these animals showed significantly lower peak virus loads and lower chronic viremia than non-immunized infected controls. Thus, Vaxfectin(®) adjuvanted DNA is a promising vaccine approach for inducing potent immune responses able to control the highly pathogenic SIVmac251.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viraj Kulkarni
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section; Vaccine Branch; Center for Cancer Research; National Cancer Institute; Frederick, MD USA
| | - Margherita Rosati
- Human Retrovirus Section; Vaccine Branch; Center for Cancer Research; National Cancer Institute; Frederick, MD USA
| | - Antonio Valentin
- Human Retrovirus Section; Vaccine Branch; Center for Cancer Research; National Cancer Institute; Frederick, MD USA
| | - Rashmi Jalah
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section; Vaccine Branch; Center for Cancer Research; National Cancer Institute; Frederick, MD USA
| | - Candido Alicea
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section; Vaccine Branch; Center for Cancer Research; National Cancer Institute; Frederick, MD USA
| | - Lei Yu
- Institute of Human Virology and Department of Microbiology & Immunology; University of Maryland School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Yongjun Guan
- Institute of Human Virology and Department of Microbiology & Immunology; University of Maryland School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Carmela Irene
- Public Health Research Institute; University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey; Newark, NJ USA
| | - Rajasekhar Prattipati
- Public Health Research Institute; University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey; Newark, NJ USA
| | - Abraham Pinter
- Public Health Research Institute; University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey; Newark, NJ USA
| | | | - George N Pavlakis
- Human Retrovirus Section; Vaccine Branch; Center for Cancer Research; National Cancer Institute; Frederick, MD USA
| | - Barbara K Felber
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section; Vaccine Branch; Center for Cancer Research; National Cancer Institute; Frederick, MD USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Patel V, Jalah R, Kulkarni V, Valentin A, Rosati M, Alicea C, von Gegerfelt A, Huang W, Guan Y, Keele BF, Bess JW, Piatak M, Lifson JD, Williams WT, Shen X, Tomaras GD, Amara RR, Robinson HL, Johnson W, Broderick KE, Sardesai NY, Venzon DJ, Hirsch VM, Felber BK, Pavlakis GN. DNA and virus particle vaccination protects against acquisition and confers control of viremia upon heterologous simian immunodeficiency virus challenge. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:2975-80. [PMID: 23359688 PMCID: PMC3581900 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1215393110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that macaques vaccinated with DNA vectors expressing SIVmac239 antigens developed potent immune responses able to reduce viremia upon high-dose SIVmac251 challenge. To further improve vaccine-induced immunity and protection, we combined the SIVmac239 DNA vaccine with protein immunization using inactivated SIVmac239 viral particles as protein source. Twenty-six weeks after the last vaccination, the animals were challenged intrarectally at weekly intervals with a titrated dose of the heterologous SIVsmE660. Two of DNA-protein coimmunized macaques did not become infected after 14 challenges, but all controls were infected by 11 challenges. Vaccinated macaques showed modest protection from SIVsmE660 acquisition compared with naïve controls (P = 0.050; stratified for TRIM5α genotype). Vaccinees had significantly lower peak (1.6 log, P = 0.0048) and chronic phase viremia (P = 0.044), with 73% of the vaccinees suppressing viral replication to levels below assay detection during the 40-wk follow-up. Vaccine-induced immune responses associated significantly with virus control: binding antibody titers and the presence of rectal IgG to SIVsmE660 Env correlated with delayed SIVsmE660 acquisition; SIV-specific cytotoxic T cells, prechallenge CD4(+) effector memory, and postchallenge CD8(+) transitional memory cells correlated with control of viremia. Thus, SIVmac239 DNA and protein-based vaccine protocols were able to achieve high, persistent, broad, and effective cellular and humoral immune responses able to delay heterologous SIVsmE660 infection and to provide long-term control of viremia. These studies support a role of DNA and protein-based vaccines for development of an efficacious HIV/AIDS vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rashmi Jalah
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Viraj Kulkarni
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702
| | | | | | - Candido Alicea
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702
| | | | - Wensheng Huang
- Department of Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Yongjun Guan
- Department of Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Brandon F. Keele
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Science Applications International Corporation-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Julian W. Bess
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Science Applications International Corporation-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Michael Piatak
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Science Applications International Corporation-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Jeffrey D. Lifson
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Science Applications International Corporation-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702
| | | | | | | | - Rama R. Amara
- Yerkes National Primate Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329
| | | | | | | | | | - David J. Venzon
- Biostatistics and Data Management Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20852; and
| | - Vanessa M. Hirsch
- Nonhuman Primate Virology Section, Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - Barbara K. Felber
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jalah R, Patel V, Kulkarni V, Rosati M, Alicea C, Ganneru B, von Gegerfelt A, Huang W, Guan Y, Broderick KE, Sardesai NY, LaBranche C, Montefiori DC, Pavlakis GN, Felber BK. IL-12 DNA as molecular vaccine adjuvant increases the cytotoxic T cell responses and breadth of humoral immune responses in SIV DNA vaccinated macaques. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2012; 8:1620-9. [PMID: 22894956 DOI: 10.4161/hv.21407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Intramuscular injection of macaques with an IL-12 expression plasmid (0.1 or 0.4 mg DNA/animal) optimized for high level of expression and delivered using in vivo electroporation, resulted in the detection of systemic IL-12 cytokine in the plasma. Peak levels obtained by day 4-5 post injection were paralleled by a rapid increase of IFN-γ, indicating bioactivity of the IL-12 cytokine. Both plasma IL-12 and IFN-γ levels were reduced to basal levels by day 14, indicating a short presence of elevated levels of the bioactive IL-12. The effect of IL-12 as adjuvant together with an SIVmac239 DNA vaccine was further examined comparing two groups of rhesus macaques vaccinated in the presence or absence of IL-12 DNA. The IL-12 DNA-adjuvanted group developed significantly higher SIV-specific cellular immune responses, including IFN-γ (+) Granzyme B (+) T cells, demonstrating increased levels of vaccine-induced T cells with cytotoxic potential, and this difference persisted for 6 mo after the last vaccination. Coinjection of IL-12 DNA led to increases in Gag-specific CD4 (+) and CD4 (+) CD8 (+) double-positive memory T cell subsets, whereas the Env-specific increases were mainly mediated by the CD8 (+) and CD4 (+) CD8 (+) double-positive memory T cell subsets. The IL-12 DNA-adjuvanted vaccine group developed higher binding antibody titers to Gag and mac251 Env, and showed higher and more durable neutralizing antibodies to heterologous SIVsmE660. Therefore, co-delivery of IL-12 DNA with the SIV DNA vaccine enhanced the magnitude and breadth of immune responses in immunized rhesus macaques, and supports the inclusion of IL-12 DNA as vaccine adjuvant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Jalah
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section; Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fuller DH, Rajakumar P, Che JW, Narendran A, Nyaundi J, Michael H, Yager EJ, Stagnar C, Wahlberg B, Taber R, Haynes JR, Cook FC, Ertl P, Tite J, Amedee AM, Murphey-Corb M. Therapeutic DNA vaccine induces broad T cell responses in the gut and sustained protection from viral rebound and AIDS in SIV-infected rhesus macaques. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33715. [PMID: 22442716 PMCID: PMC3307760 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies that induce durable immune control of chronic HIV infection may eliminate the need for life-long dependence on drugs. We investigated a DNA vaccine formulated with a novel genetic adjuvant that stimulates immune responses in the blood and gut for the ability to improve therapy in rhesus macaques chronically infected with SIV. Using the SIV-macaque model for AIDS, we show that epidermal co-delivery of plasmids expressing SIV Gag, RT, Nef and Env, and the mucosal adjuvant, heat-labile E. coli enterotoxin (LT), during antiretroviral therapy (ART) induced a substantial 2-4-log fold reduction in mean virus burden in both the gut and blood when compared to unvaccinated controls and provided durable protection from viral rebound and disease progression after the drug was discontinued. This effect was associated with significant increases in IFN-γ T cell responses in both the blood and gut and SIV-specific CD8+ T cells with dual TNF-α and cytolytic effector functions in the blood. Importantly, a broader specificity in the T cell response seen in the gut, but not the blood, significantly correlated with a reduction in virus production in mucosal tissues and a lower virus burden in plasma. We conclude that immunizing with vaccines that induce immune responses in mucosal gut tissue could reduce residual viral reservoirs during drug therapy and improve long-term treatment of HIV infection in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Heydenburg Fuller
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
- PowderJect Vaccines, Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Premeela Rajakumar
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jenny W. Che
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- PowderJect Vaccines, Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Amithi Narendran
- Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Julia Nyaundi
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Heather Michael
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Eric J. Yager
- Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Cristy Stagnar
- Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Brendon Wahlberg
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Rachel Taber
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Joel R. Haynes
- PowderJect Vaccines, Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | | | - Peter Ertl
- GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - John Tite
- GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Angela M. Amedee
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Michael Murphey-Corb
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mustafa W, Maciag PC, Pan ZK, Weaver JR, Xiao Y, Isaacs SN, Paterson Y. Listeria monocytogenes delivery of HPV-16 major capsid protein L1 induces systemic and mucosal cell-mediated CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses after oral immunization. Viral Immunol 2009; 22:195-204. [PMID: 19435416 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2008.0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutralizing antibodies are thought to be required at mucosal surfaces to prevent human papillomavirus (HPV) transmission. However, the potential for cell-mediated immunity in mediating protection against HPV infection has not been well explored. We generated recombinant Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) constructs that secrete listeriolysin O (LLO) fused with overlapping N-terminal (LLO-L1(1-258)) or C-terminal (LLO-L1(238-474)) fragments of HPV type 16 major capsid protein L1 (HPV-16-L1). Oral immunization of mice with either construct induced IFN-gamma-producing CD8+ and CD4+ T cells in the spleen and in the Peyer's patches with the C-terminal construct. Oral immunization with both constructs resulted in diminished viral titers in the cervix and uterus of mice after intravaginal challenge with vaccinia virus expressing HPV-16-L1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Mustafa
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Constitutive Activation of the PrfA regulon enhances the potency of vaccines based on live-attenuated and killed but metabolically active Listeria monocytogenes strains. Infect Immun 2008; 76:3742-53. [PMID: 18541651 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00390-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombinant vaccines derived from the facultative intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes are presently undergoing early-stage clinical evaluation in oncology treatment settings. This effort has been stimulated in part due to preclinical results that illustrate potent activation of innate and adaptive immune effectors by L. monocytogenes vaccines, combined with efficacy in rigorous animal models of malignant and infectious disease. Here, we evaluated the immunologic potency of a panel of isogenic vaccine strains that varied only in prfA. PrfA is an intracellularly activated transcription factor that induces expression of virulence genes and encoded heterologous antigens (Ags) in appropriately engineered vaccine strains. Mutant strains with PrfA locked into a constitutively active state are known as PrfA* mutants. We assessed the impacts of three PrfA* mutants, G145S, G155S, and Y63C, on the immunologic potencies of live-attenuated and photochemically inactivated nucleotide excision repair mutant (killed but metabolically active [KBMA]) vaccines. While PrfA* substantially increased Ag expression in strains grown in broth culture, Ag expression levels were equivalent in infected macrophage and dendritic cell lines, conditions that more closely parallel those in the immunized host. However, only the prfA(G155S) allele conferred significantly enhanced vaccine potency to KBMA vaccines. In the KBMA vaccine background, we show that PrfA*(G155S) enhanced functional cellular immunity following an intravenous or intramuscular prime-boost immunization regimen. These results form the basis of a rationale for including the prfA(G155S) allele in future live-attenuated or KBMA L. monocytogenes vaccines advanced to the clinical setting.
Collapse
|
13
|
Terwee JA, Carlson JK, Sprague WS, Sondgeroth KS, Shropshire SB, Troyer JL, VandeWoude S. Prevention of immunodeficiency virus induced CD4+ T-cell depletion by prior infection with a non-pathogenic virus. Virology 2008; 377:63-70. [PMID: 18499211 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2008.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2008] [Revised: 02/10/2008] [Accepted: 03/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Immune dysregulation initiated by a profound loss of CD4+ T-cells is fundamental to HIV-induced pathogenesis. Infection of domestic cats with a non-pathogenic lentivirus prevalent in the puma (puma lentivirus, PLV or FIV(pco)) prevented peripheral blood CD4+ T-cell depletion caused by subsequent virulent FIV infection. Maintenance of this critical population was not associated with a significant decrease in FIV viremia, lending support to the hypothesis that direct viral cytopathic effect is not the primary cause of immunodeficiency. Although this approach was analogous to immunization with a modified live vaccine, correlates of immunity such as a serum-neutralizing antibody or virus-specific T-cell proliferative response were not found in protected animals. Differences in cytokine transcription profile, most notably in interferon gamma, were observed between the protected and unprotected groups. These data provide support for the importance of non-adaptive enhancement of the immune response in the prevention of CD4+ T-cell loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Terwee
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Parker SD, Rottinghaus ST, Zajac AJ, Yue L, Hunter E, Whitley RJ, Parker JN. HIV-1(89.6) Gag expressed from a replication competent HSV-1 vector elicits persistent cellular immune responses in mice. Vaccine 2007; 25:6764-73. [PMID: 17706843 PMCID: PMC2084203 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2006] [Revised: 06/19/2007] [Accepted: 06/26/2007] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We have constructed a replication competent, gamma(1)34.5-deleted herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) vector (J200) that expresses the gag gene from human immunodeficiency virus type-1, primary isolate 89.6 (HIV-1(89.6)), as a candidate vaccine for HIV-1. J200 replicates in vitro, resulting in abundant Gag protein production and accumulation in the extracellular media. Immunization of Balb/c mice with a single intraperitoneal injection of J200 elicited strong Gag-specific CD8 responses, as measured by intracellular IFN-gamma staining and flow cytometry analysis. Responses were highest between 6 weeks and 4 months, but persisted at 9 months post-immunization, the last time-point evaluated. These data highlight the potential utility of neuroattenuated, replication competent HSV-1 vectors for delivery of HIV-1 immunogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott D. Parker
- Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Scott T. Rottinghaus
- Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Allan J. Zajac
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Ling Yue
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, 30329
| | - Eric Hunter
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, 30329
| | - Richard J. Whitley
- Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Jacqueline N. Parker
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
- Corresponding author: Jacqueline N. Parker, Ph.D., Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, CHB 118B, 1600 6 Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35233, Phone: 205-996-7881, FAX: 205-975-6549, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Makedonas G, Betts MR. Polyfunctional analysis of human t cell responses: importance in vaccine immunogenicity and natural infection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 28:209-19. [PMID: 16932955 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-006-0025-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2006] [Accepted: 06/16/2006] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- George Makedonas
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|