1
|
Liu Y, Shen T, Zhou J, Chen L, Shi S, Wang X, Zhang M, Wang C, Liao C. Bursal peptide BP-IV as a novel immunoadjuvant enhances the protective efficacy of an epitope peptide vaccine containing T and B cell epitopes of the H9N2 avian influenza virus. Microb Pathog 2021; 158:105095. [PMID: 34280501 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Short peptide antigens covering conserved T or B cell epitopes have been investigated in influenza vaccines. Bursal pentapeptide V (BPP-V) and bursal peptide IV (BP-IV) are small molecular peptides that were isolated and identified from the bursa of Fabricius (BF) and induce a strong immune response at both the humoural and cellular levels. To explore the molecular adjuvant potential of BPP-V and BP-IV with an epitope vaccine, an epitope peptide (HA284-298, GNCVVQCQTERGGLN) rich in T and B cell epitopes for the H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) haemagglutinin (HA) protein was selected. BPP-V and BP-IV were coupled with the epitope peptide sequence to form BPP-V and BP-IV-epitope vaccines, respectively. The immunoefficacy of BPP-V and BP-IV-epitope peptide vaccines was evaluated. The results showed that the epitope peptide had weak immunogenicity. The BPP-V-epitope peptide vaccine promoted only the secretion of anti-HA IgG and IgG1 antibodies. The BP-IV-epitope peptide vaccine not only promoted the production of anti-HA IgG and IgG1 antibodies but also significantly induced the production of the IgG2a antibody. The BP-IV-epitope peptide vaccine significantly promoted the production of interleukin (IL-4) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) (the BPP-V epitope peptide vaccine promoted only the production of IL-4), enhanced the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response, and increased the proportion of CD3+ T lymphocytes. Moreover, the BP-IV-epitope peptide vaccine promoted a cell-mediated immune response similar to that of the AIV vaccine group. Furthermore, BPP-V and BP-IV-epitope peptide vaccines could also accelerate the clearance of pulmonary virus and reduce pathological damage after the challenge with H9N2 AIV. This study demonstrates the potential of BP-IV as an effective adjuvant for the epitope peptide vaccine for the H9N2 AIV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongqing Liu
- The Key Lab of Veterinary Biological Products, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Tengfei Shen
- The Key Lab of Veterinary Biological Products, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Jiangfei Zhou
- The Key Lab of Veterinary Biological Products, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Liangliang Chen
- The Key Lab of Veterinary Biological Products, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Shuaibing Shi
- The Key Lab of Veterinary Biological Products, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Min Zhang
- The Key Lab of Veterinary Biological Products, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Chen Wang
- The Key Lab of Veterinary Biological Products, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China.
| | - Chengshui Liao
- The Key Lab of Veterinary Biological Products, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
For a long time, many types of vaccines have been useful for the prophylaxis of many infectious diseases. Thus far, many adjuvants that enhance the effects of vaccines have been explored. However, very few adjuvants are being used for humans worldwide. In this study, we investigated the adjuvant activity of various substances, and found citrulline to have high potential as an adjuvant. Citrulline is a type of amino acid present in the body of many organisms. A number of biological activities of citrulline have been reported; however, no adjuvant activity has been reported thus far. Aluminum salts, which are commonly used as adjuvants are not water soluble; therefore, some difficulties are encountered while using them as vaccine adjuvants. Citrulline is easy to use because of its water solubility. In this study, we showed for the first time the adjuvant activity of citrulline by using viral antigens and amyloid β peptide. Water-soluble citrulline, which is present in our body, is a potential adjuvant candidate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Junichi Matsuda
- Development Department, Kikuchi Research Center, KM Biologics Co., Ltd
| | - Chikateru Nozaki
- Department of Medical Technology, Kumamoto Health Science University
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pathinayake PS, Gayan Chathuranga WA, Lee HC, Chowdhury MYE, Sung MH, Lee JS, Kim CJ. Inactivated enterovirus 71 with poly-γ-glutamic acid/Chitosan nano particles (PC NPs) induces high cellular and humoral immune responses in BALB/c mice. Arch Virol 2018; 163:2073-2083. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-3837-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
4
|
Shim SM, Song EJ, Song D, Lee TY, Kim DJ, Nam JH, Gwin Jeong D, Lee CK, Kim SH, Kim JK. Nontoxic outer membrane vesicles efficiently increase the efficacy of an influenza vaccine in mice and ferrets. Vaccine 2017; 35:3741-3748. [PMID: 28576571 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we developed a further-modified outer membrane vesicle (fmOMV) from the ΔmsbB/ΔpagP mutant of Escherichia coli transformed with the plasmid, pLpxF, in order to use it as an adjuvant for pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) influenza vaccine. We evaluated the efficacy of the pH1N1 influenza vaccine containing the fmOMV in animal models as compared to the commercial adjuvants, alum or AddaVaxTM. The fmOMV-adjuvanted pH1N1 influenza vaccine induced a significant increase in the humoral immunity; however, this effect was less than that of the AddaVaxTM. The fmOMV-adjuvanted vaccine displayed pronounced an enhanced protective efficacy with increased T cell immune response and reduced the viral load in the lungs of the infected mice after challenging them with a lethal dose of the homologous virus. Moreover, it resulted in a significantly higher cross-protection against heterologous virus challenge than that of the pH1N1 vaccine with alum or with no adjuvants. In ferrets, the fmOMV-adjuvanted vaccine elicited a superior antibody response based on the HI titer and efficiently protected the animals from the lethal viral challenges. Taken together, the nontoxic fmOMV could be a promising adjuvant for inducing robust T cell priming into the pH1N1 vaccine and might be broadly applicable to the development of preventive measures against influenza virus infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Mu Shim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Song
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Daesub Song
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Young Lee
- Viral Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo-Jin Kim
- Viral Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyun Nam
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Gwin Jeong
- Viral Infectious Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong-Kil Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, 52 Naesudong-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinjudae-ro, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do 52828, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong-Ki Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Poly-γ-glutamic acid/chitosan nanogel greatly enhances the efficacy and heterosubtypic cross-reactivity of H1N1 pandemic influenza vaccine. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44839. [PMID: 28322289 PMCID: PMC5359587 DOI: 10.1038/srep44839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2009, the global outbreak of an influenza pandemic emphasized the need for an effective vaccine adjuvant. In this study, we examined the efficacy of poly-γ-glutamic acid/chitosan (PC) nanogel as an adjuvant for the influenza vaccine. PC nanogel significantly enhanced antigen-specific cross-presentation and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity. Compared with alum, the protective efficacy of the pandemic H1N1 influenza (pH1N1) vaccine was substantially increased by PC nanogel, with increased hemagglutination-inhibition titers, CTL activity, and earlier virus clearance after homologous and heterosubtypic [A/Philippines/2/82 (H3N2)] virus challenges. However, CD8+ T cell-depleted mice displayed no protection against the heterosubtypic virus challenge after immunization with PC nanogel-adjuvanted pH1N1 vaccine. We also observed that using PC nanogel as a vaccine adjuvant had a dose-sparing effect and significantly enhanced the long-lasting protection of the pH1N1 vaccine. Together, these results suggest that PC nanogel is a promising vaccine adjuvant that could broadly prevent influenza virus infection.
Collapse
|
6
|
Chowdhury MYE, Kim TH, Uddin MB, Kim JH, Hewawaduge CY, Ferdowshi Z, Sung MH, Kim CJ, Lee JS. Mucosal vaccination of conserved sM2, HA2 and cholera toxin subunit A1 (CTA1) fusion protein with poly gamma-glutamate/chitosan nanoparticles (PC NPs) induces protection against divergent influenza subtypes. Vet Microbiol 2017; 201:240-251. [PMID: 28284616 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
To develop a safe and effective mucosal vaccine that broad cross protection against seasonal or emerging influenza A viruses, we generated a mucosal influenza vaccine system combining the highly conserved matrix protein-2 (sM2), fusion peptide of hemagglutinin (HA2), the well-known mucosal adjuvant cholera toxin subunit A1 (CTA1) and poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA)-chitosan nanoparticles (PC NPs), which are safe, natural materials that are able to target the mucosal membrane as a mucosal adjuvant. The mucosal administration of sM2HA2CTA1/PC NPs could induce a high degree of systemic immunity (IgG and IgA) at the site of inoculation as well as at remote locations and also significantly increase the levels of sM2- or HA2-specific cell-mediated immune response. In challenge tests in BALB/c mice with 10 MLD50 of A/EM/Korea/W149/06(H5N1), A/Puerto Rico/8/34(H1N1), A/Aquatic bird/Korea/W81/2005(H5N2), A/Aquatic bird/Korea/W44/2005 (H7N3) or A/Chicken/Korea/116/2004(H9N2) viruses, the recombinant sM2HA2CTA1/PC NPs provided cross protection against divergent lethal influenza subtypes and also the protection was maintained up to six months after vaccination. Thus, sM2HA2CTA1/PC NPs could be a promising strategy for a universal influenza vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Y E Chowdhury
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Bashir Uddin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet -3100, Bangladesh
| | - Jae-Hoon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - C Y Hewawaduge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Zannatul Ferdowshi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | | | - Chul-Joong Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong-Soo Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wen R, Umeano AC, Francis L, Sharma N, Tundup S, Dhar S. Mitochondrion: A Promising Target for Nanoparticle-Based Vaccine Delivery Systems. Vaccines (Basel) 2016; 4:E18. [PMID: 27258316 PMCID: PMC4931635 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines4020018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is one of the most popular technologies in disease prevention and eradication. It is promising to improve immunization efficiency by using vectors and/or adjuvant delivery systems. Nanoparticle (NP)-based delivery systems have attracted increasing interest due to enhancement of antigen uptake via prevention of vaccine degradation in the biological environment and the intrinsic immune-stimulatory properties of the materials. Mitochondria play paramount roles in cell life and death and are promising targets for vaccine delivery systems to effectively induce immune responses. In this review, we focus on NPs-based delivery systems with surfaces that can be manipulated by using mitochondria targeting moieties for intervention in health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ru Wen
- NanoTherapeutics Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Afoma C Umeano
- NanoTherapeutics Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Lily Francis
- NanoTherapeutics Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Nivita Sharma
- NanoTherapeutics Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Smanla Tundup
- School of Medicine, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, WV 22908, USA.
| | - Shanta Dhar
- NanoTherapeutics Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Herrmann VL, Hartmayer C, Planz O, Groettrup M. Cytotoxic T cell vaccination with PLGA microspheres interferes with influenza A virus replication in the lung and suppresses the infectious disease. J Control Release 2015; 216:121-31. [PMID: 26276509 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Current influenza virus vaccines aim to elicit antibodies directed toward viral surface glycoproteins, which however are prone to antigenic drift. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) can exhibit heterosubtypic immunity against most influenza A viruses. In our study, we encapsulated the highly conserved, immunodominant, HLA-A*0201 restricted epitope from the influenza virus matrix protein M158-66 together with TLR ligands in biodegradable poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microspheres. Subcutaneous immunization of transgenic mice expressing chimeric HLA-A*0201 molecules with these microspheres induced a strong and sustained CTL response which sufficed to prevent replication of a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the influenza A virus (IAV) matrix protein but not the replication of IAV in the lung. However, subcutaneous priming followed by intranasal boosting with M158-66 bearing PLGA microspheres was able to induce vigorous CTL responses both in the lung and spleen of mice which interfered with IAV replication, weight loss, and infection-related death. Taken together, vaccination with well-defined and highly conserved IAV-derived CTL epitopes encapsulated into clinically compatible PLGA microspheres contribute to the control of influenza A virus infections. The promptitude and broad reactivity of the CTL response may help to attenuate pandemic outbreaks of influenza viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie L Herrmann
- Division of Immunology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Carmen Hartmayer
- Department of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Oliver Planz
- Department of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Marcus Groettrup
- Division of Immunology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany; Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, 8280 Kreuzlingen, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang C, Li X, Wu T, Li D, Niu M, Wang Y, Zhang C, Cheng X, Chen P. Bursin-like peptide (BLP) enhances H9N2 influenza vaccine induced humoral and cell mediated immune responses. Cell Immunol 2014; 292:57-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
10
|
Nilsson JS, Broos S, Akagi T, Akashi M, Hermansson A, Cayé-Thomasen P, Lindstedt M, Greiff L. Amphiphilic γ-PGA nanoparticles administered on rat middle ear mucosa produce adjuvant-like immunostimulation in vivo. Acta Otolaryngol 2014; 134:1034-41. [PMID: 25220726 DOI: 10.3109/00016489.2014.918278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONCLUSION Amphiphilic biodegradable nanoparticles (NPs) composed of poly(γ-glutamic acid) conjugated with L-phenylalanine ethylester (γ-PGA-Phe NPs) applied on the rat middle ear mucosa produce an inflammatory type 1 response. The observation is of relevance for the use of γ-PGA-Phe NPs as a concomitant antigen delivery system and adjuvant measure in the context of vaccinations. OBJECTIVES To examine effects of topical mucosal administration of γ-PGA-Phe NPs as a potentially combined antigen delivery system and adjuvant. METHODS γ-PGA-Phe NPs were administered on rat middle ear mucosa in a sham-controlled design and the response was monitored, focusing on soluble markers in mucosal surface liquids and on overall histopathology. RESULTS γ-PGA-Phe NPs produced a dose- and time-dependent inflammatory response characterized by generation of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, MIP-1α, and TNF-α) and associated histopathological changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johan S Nilsson
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Skåne University Hospital , Lund , Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Intranasal chitosan-DNA vaccines that protect across influenza virus subtypes. Int J Pharm 2014; 473:113-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
12
|
Sawaengsak C, Mori Y, Yamanishi K, Mitrevej A, Sinchaipanid N. Chitosan nanoparticle encapsulated hemagglutinin-split influenza virus mucosal vaccine. AAPS PharmSciTech 2014; 15:317-25. [PMID: 24343789 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-013-0058-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Subunit/split influenza vaccines are less reactogenic compared with the whole virus vaccines. However, their immunogenicity is relatively low and thus required proper adjuvant and/or delivery vehicle for immunogenicity enhancement. Influenza vaccines administered intramuscularly induce minimum, if any, mucosal immunity at the respiratory mucosa which is the prime site of the infection. In this study, chitosan (CS) nanoparticles were prepared by ionic cross-linking of the CS with sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) at the CS/TPP ratio of 1:0.6 using 2 h mixing time. The CS/TPP nanoparticles were used as delivery vehicle of an intranasal influenza vaccine made of hemagglutinin (HA)-split influenza virus product. Innocuousness, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy of the CS/TPP-HA vaccine were tested in influenza mouse model in comparison with the antigen alone vaccine. The CS/TPP-HA nanoparticles had required characteristics including nano-sizes, positive charges, and high antigen encapsulation efficiency. Mice that received two doses of the CS/TPP-HA vaccine intranasally showed no adverse symptoms indicating the vaccine innocuousness. The animals developed higher systemic and mucosal antibody responses than vaccine made of the HA-split influenza virus alone. The CS/TPP-HA vaccine could induce also a cell-mediated immune response shown as high numbers of IFN-γ-secreting cells in spleens while the HA vaccine alone could not. Besides, the CS nanoparticle encapsulated HA-split vaccine reduced markedly the influenza morbidity and also conferred 100% protective rate to the vaccinated mice against lethal influenza virus challenge. Overall results indicated that the CS nanoparticles invented in this study is an effective and safe delivery vehicle/adjuvant for the influenza vaccine.
Collapse
|
13
|
Ulanova LS, Isapour G, Maleki A, Fanaian S, Zhu K, Hoenen A, Xu C, Evensen Ø, Griffiths G, Nyström B. Development of methods for encapsulation of viruses into polymeric nano- and microparticles for aquaculture vaccines. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lilia S. Ulanova
- Department of Molecular Biosciences; University of Oslo; N-0316 Oslo Norway
| | - Golnaz Isapour
- Department of Chemistry; University of Oslo; N-0315 Oslo Norway
| | - Atoosa Maleki
- Department of Chemistry; University of Oslo; N-0315 Oslo Norway
| | - Shirin Fanaian
- Department of Chemistry; University of Oslo; N-0315 Oslo Norway
| | - Kaizheng Zhu
- Department of Chemistry; University of Oslo; N-0315 Oslo Norway
| | - Antje Hoenen
- Department of Molecular Biosciences; University of Oslo; N-0316 Oslo Norway
| | - Cheng Xu
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine; Norwegian School of Veterinary Science; Oslo Norway
| | - Øystein Evensen
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine; Norwegian School of Veterinary Science; Oslo Norway
| | - Gareth Griffiths
- Department of Molecular Biosciences; University of Oslo; N-0316 Oslo Norway
| | - Bo Nyström
- Department of Chemistry; University of Oslo; N-0315 Oslo Norway
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Toita R, Nakao K, Mahara A, Yamaoka T, Akashi M. Biodistribution of vaccines comprised of hydrophobically-modified poly(γ-glutamic acid) nanoparticles and antigen proteins using fluorescence imaging. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:6608-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
15
|
Toita R, Kanai Y, Watabe H, Nakao K, Yamamoto S, Hatazawa J, Akashi M. Biodistribution of 125I-labeled polymeric vaccine carriers after subcutaneous injection. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:5310-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
16
|
An MDCK cell culture-derived formalin-inactivated influenza virus whole-virion vaccine from an influenza virus library confers cross-protective immunity by intranasal administration in mice. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2013; 20:998-1007. [PMID: 23637045 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00024-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
It is currently impossible to predict the next pandemic influenza virus strain. We have thus established a library of influenza viruses of all hemagglutinin and neuraminidase subtypes and their genes. In this article, we examine the applicability of a rapid production model for the preparation of vaccines against emerging pandemic influenza viruses. This procedure utilizes the influenza virus library, cell culture-based vaccine production, and intranasal administration to induce a cross-protective immune response. First, an influenza virus reassortant from the library, A/duck/Hokkaido/Vac-3/2007 (H5N1), was passaged 22 times (P22) in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. The P22 virus had a titer of >2 ×10(8) PFU/ml, which was 40 times that of the original strain, with 4 point mutations, which altered amino acids in the deduced protein sequences encoded by the PB2 and PA genes. We then produced a formalin-inactivated whole-virion vaccine from the MDCK cell-cultured A/duck/Hokkaido/Vac-3/2007 (H5N1) P22 virus. Intranasal immunization of mice with this vaccine protected them against challenges with lethal influenza viruses of homologous and heterologous subtypes. We further demonstrated that intranasal immunization with the vaccine induced cross-reactive neutralizing antibody responses against the homotypic H5N1 influenza virus and its antigenic variants and cross-reactive cell-mediated immune responses to the homologous virus, its variants within a subtype, and even an influenza virus of a different subtype. These results indicate that a rapid model for emergency vaccine production may be effective for producing the next generation of pandemic influenza virus vaccines.
Collapse
|
17
|
Polymeric nanogels as vaccine delivery systems. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2013; 9:159-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2012.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Revised: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
18
|
Moon HJ, Lee JS, Talactac MR, Chowdhury MY, Kim JH, Park ME, Choi YK, Sung MH, Kim CJ. Mucosal immunization with recombinant influenza hemagglutinin protein and poly gamma-glutamate/chitosan nanoparticles induces protection against highly pathogenic influenza A virus. Vet Microbiol 2012; 160:277-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
|
19
|
Tanimoto T, Haredy AM, Takenaka N, Tamura SI, Okuno Y, Mori Y, Yamanishi K, Okamoto S. Comparison of the cross-reactive anti-influenza neutralizing activity of polymeric and monomeric IgA monoclonal antibodies. Viral Immunol 2012; 25:433-9. [PMID: 22985289 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2012.0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we examined whether polymeric IgA (pIgA) and monomeric IgA (mIgA) antibodies differ in their ability to neutralize drift viruses within the same subtype. We used an IgA monoclonal antibody (mAb; H1-21) against influenza virus strain A/Hiroshima/52/2005 (A/Hiroshima; H3N2). The mAb was obtained after immunizing mice mucosally with a split-virion (SV) vaccine. The mAb contained both mIgA and pIgA forms. It reacted with the homologous virus and cross-reacted with drift viruses A/New York/55/2004 (H3N2) and A/Wyoming/3/2003 (H3N2) in hemagglutinin-inhibition (HI) and neutralizing Ab assays. The mAb also cross-reacted with A/Panama/2007/99 (H3N2) in an ELISA. We separated the mAb into pIgA and mIgA fractions by gel filtration, and then tested them for neutralizing Ab activity. The neutralizing activity for the A/Hiroshima/52/2005, A/New York/55/2004, and A/Wyoming/3/2003 viruses was lower for the mIgA than the pIgA fraction. However, the neutralizing efficiency for drift variants relative to that for the homotype did not differ between pIgA and mIgA, and pIgA only neutralized variants that could also be neutralized by mIgA. These results suggest that the polymerization of IgA enhances its antiviral immune responses, but does not increase the number of influenza virus strains neutralized by the IgA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Tanimoto
- Kanonji Institute, The Research Foundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University, Kanonji, Kagawa, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Intranasal immunization with a formalin-inactivated human influenza A virus whole-virion vaccine alone and intranasal immunization with a split-virion vaccine with mucosal adjuvants show similar levels of cross-protection. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2012; 19:979-90. [PMID: 22552600 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00016-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The antigenicity of seasonal human influenza virus changes continuously; thus, a cross-protective influenza vaccine design needs to be established. Intranasal immunization with an influenza split-virion (SV) vaccine and a mucosal adjuvant induces cross-protection; however, no mucosal adjuvant has been assessed clinically. Formalin-inactivated intact human and avian viruses alone (without adjuvant) induce cross-protection against the highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus. However, it is unknown whether seasonal human influenza formalin-inactivated whole-virion (WV) vaccine alone induces cross-protection against strains within a subtype or in a different subtype of human influenza virus. Furthermore, there are few reports comparing the cross-protective efficacy of the WV vaccine and SV vaccine-mucosal adjuvant mixtures. Here, we found that the intranasal human influenza WV vaccine alone induced both the innate immune response and acquired immune response, resulting in cross-protection against drift variants within a subtype of human influenza virus. The cross-protective efficacy conferred by the WV vaccine in intranasally immunized mice was almost the same as that conferred by a mixture of SV vaccine and adjuvants. The level of cross-protective efficacy was correlated with the cross-reactive neutralizing antibody titer in the nasal wash and bronchoalveolar fluids. However, neither the SV vaccine with adjuvant nor the WV vaccine induced cross-reactive virus-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity. These results suggest that the intranasal human WV vaccine injection alone is effective against variants within a virus subtype, mainly through a humoral immune response, and that the cross-protection elicited by the WV vaccine and the SV vaccine plus mucosal adjuvants is similar.
Collapse
|
21
|
Poly-γ-glutamic acid nanoparticles and aluminum adjuvant used as an adjuvant with a single dose of Japanese encephalitis virus-like particles provide effective protection from Japanese encephalitis virus. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2011; 19:17-22. [PMID: 22089248 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.05412-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
To maintain immunity against Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a formalin-inactivated Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine should be administered several times. The repeated vaccination is not helpful in the case of a sudden outbreak of JEV or when urgent travel to a high-JEV-risk region is required; however, there are few single-injection JE vaccine options. In the present study, we investigated the efficacy of a single dose of a new effective JE virus-like particle preparation containing the JE envelope protein (JE-VLP). Although single administration with JE-VLP protected less than 50% of mice against lethal JEV infection, adding poly(γ-glutamic acid) nanoparticles (γ-PGA-NPs) or aluminum adjuvant (alum) to JE-VLP significantly protected more than 90% of the mice. A single injection of JE-VLP with either γ-PGA-NPs or alum induced a significantly greater anti-JEV neutralizing antibody titer than JE-VLP alone. The enhanced titers were maintained for more than 6 months, resulting in long-lasting protection of 90% of the immunized mice. Although the vaccine design needs further modification to reach 100% protection, a single dose of JE-VLP with γ-PGA-NPs may be a useful step in developing a next-generation vaccine to stop a JE outbreak or to immunize travelers or military personnel.
Collapse
|
22
|
Akagi T, Baba M, Akashi M. Biodegradable Nanoparticles as Vaccine Adjuvants and Delivery Systems: Regulation of Immune Responses by Nanoparticle-Based Vaccine. ADVANCES IN POLYMER SCIENCE 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2011_150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
23
|
Akagi T, Shima F, Akashi M. Intracellular degradation and distribution of protein-encapsulated amphiphilic poly(amino acid) nanoparticles. Biomaterials 2011; 32:4959-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
24
|
Barnier Quer C, Robson Marsden H, Romeijn S, Zope H, Kros A, Jiskoot W. Polymersomes enhance the immunogenicity of influenza subunit vaccine. Polym Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1py00010a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
25
|
|
26
|
Evaluation of the immune response and protective effects of rhesus macaques vaccinated with biodegradable nanoparticles carrying gp120 of human immunodeficiency virus. Vaccine 2010; 28:5377-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.04.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2010] [Revised: 04/06/2010] [Accepted: 04/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
27
|
Akagi T, Kim H, Akashi M. pH-dependent disruption of erythrocyte membrane by amphiphilic poly(amino acid) nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2010; 21:315-28. [PMID: 20178688 DOI: 10.1163/156856209x418519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The efficient cytoplasmic delivery of therapeutic agents is especially important for the induction of a maximal therapeutic effect. Previously, we reported that 200-nm-sized nanoparticles composed of hydrophobically-modified poly(gamma-glutamic acid) (gamma-PGA) showed great potential as protein carriers. Moreover, protein-encapsulated hydrophobic gamma-PGA (gamma-hPGA) nanoparticles efficiently delivered loaded proteins from the endosomes to the cytoplasm in dendritic cells, but the mechanism of the nanoparticle translocation into the cytoplasm remains to be elucidated. In this study, we examined how polymer composition, hydrophobic modification, size, conformation and surface properties of the amphiphilic nanoparticles are related to functional membrane-disruptive activities. To evaluate their potential applications as membrane-disruptive nanoparticles, the nanoparticles were characterized with respect to their hemolytic activity against erythrocytes as a function of pH. The pH-dependent conformation changes of the nanoparticles were studied by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The gamma-hPGA nanoparticles showed hemolytic activity with decreasing pH from 7 to 5.5, and were membrane-inactive at physiological pH. This activity was dependent on the hydrophobicity of gamma-PGA. The mechanism responsible for the pH-dependent hemolysis by the nanoparticles involved a conformational change of gamma-hPGA and corresponding increase in the surface hydrophobicity. We conclude that gamma-hPGA nanoparticles have significant potential as membrane-disruptive carriers. These results have important implications for the design of endosome-disruptive nanoparticles as drug, protein and DNA delivery systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takami Akagi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
Hydrogel nanoparticles—also referred to as polymeric nanogels or macromolecular micelles—are emerging as promising drug carriers for therapeutic applications. These nanostructures hold versatility and properties suitable for the delivery of bioactive molecules, namely of biopharmaceuticals. This article reviews the latest developments in the use of self-assembled polymeric nanogels for drug delivery applications, including small molecular weight drugs, proteins, peptides, oligosaccharides, vaccines and nucleic acids. The materials and techniques used in the development of self-assembling nanogels are also described.
Collapse
|
29
|
Polymeric particles in vaccine delivery. Curr Opin Microbiol 2010; 13:106-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2009.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2009] [Revised: 12/02/2009] [Accepted: 12/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
30
|
Song X, Chen J, Sakwiwatkul K, Li R, Hu S. Enhancement of immune responses to influenza vaccine (H3N2) by ginsenoside Re. Int Immunopharmacol 2009; 10:351-6. [PMID: 20034596 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2009.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2009] [Revised: 12/11/2009] [Accepted: 12/15/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the adjuvant effect of ginsenoside Re isolated from the root of Panax ginseng on the immune responses elicited by split inactivated H3N2 influenza virus antigen in a mouse model. Forty-eight ICR mice were randomly distributed into six groups with 8 mice in each group. All animals were subcutaneously (s.c.) immunized twice on weeks 0 and 3 with 50 microg Re, inactivated H3N2 influenza virus antigen equivalent to 10 or 100 ng of hemogglutinin (HA) or inactivated H3N2 influenza virus antigen equivalent to 10 ng HA adjuvanted with Re (25, 50 or 100 microg). Two weeks after the boost, blood samples were collected for measurement of serum IgG, the IgG isotypes and HI titers. Splenocytes were separated for the detection of lymphocyte proliferation and production of IFN-gamma and IL-5 in vitro. Results showed that co-administration of Re significantly enhanced serum specific IgG, IgG1, IgG2a and IgG2b responses, HI titers, lymphocyte proliferation responses as well as IFN-gamma and IL-5 secretions, indicating that both Th1 and Th2 were activated. Considering the adjuvant effect demonstrated in this study, Re deserve further studies for improving the quality of vaccines where mixed Th1/Th2 immune responses are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Song
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kaba SA, Brando C, Guo Q, Mittelholzer C, Raman S, Tropel D, Aebi U, Burkhard P, Lanar DE. A nonadjuvanted polypeptide nanoparticle vaccine confers long-lasting protection against rodent malaria. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 183:7268-77. [PMID: 19915055 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0901957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We have designed and produced a prototypic malaria vaccine based on a highly versatile self-assembling polypeptide nanoparticle (SAPN) platform that can repetitively display antigenic epitopes. We used this platform to display a tandem repeat of the B cell immunodominant repeat epitope (DPPPPNPN)(2)D of the malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei circumsporozoite protein. Administered in saline, without the need for a heterologous adjuvant, the SAPN construct P4c-Mal conferred a long-lived, protective immune response to mice with a broad range of genetically distinct immune backgrounds including the H-2(b), H-2(d), and H-2(k) alleles. Immunized mice produced a CD4(+) T cell-dependent, high-titer, long-lasting, high-avidity Ab response against the B cell epitope. Mice were protected against an initial challenge of parasites up to 6 mo after the last immunization or for up to 15 mo against a second challenge after an initial challenge of parasites had successfully been cleared. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the SAPN platform not only functions to deliver an ordered repetitive array of B cell peptide epitopes but operates as a classical immunological carrier to provide cognate help to the P4c-Mal-specific B cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Kaba
- Division of Malaria Vaccine Development, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Okamoto S, Matsuura M, Akagi T, Akashi M, Tanimoto T, Ishikawa T, Takahashi M, Yamanishi K, Mori Y. Poly(gamma-glutamic acid) nano-particles combined with mucosal influenza virus hemagglutinin vaccine protects against influenza virus infection in mice. Vaccine 2009; 27:5896-905. [PMID: 19647814 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2008] [Revised: 07/10/2009] [Accepted: 07/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Adding poly(gamma-glutamic acid) nano-particles (gamma-PGA-NPs), a safe, natural material, to subcutaneous immunization with influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) vaccine increases the protective immune responses against influenza virus in mice. Here, we examined whether intranasal administration of the HA vaccine with gamma-PGA-NPs would induce protection from influenza virus challenge in mice. Intranasal immunization with the mixture of gamma-PGA-NPs and HA vaccine from an influenza virus strain A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) or A/New Caledonia/20/99 (H1N1) enhanced protection of mice from A/PR/8/34 infection. Intranasal immunization with A/New Caledonia/20/99 HA vaccine and gamma-PGA-NPs induced cell-mediated immune responses and neutralizing antibody production for both A/New Caledonia/20/99 and A/PR/8/34. These data suggest that gamma-PGA-NPs may have potential for clinical applications as a mucosal adjuvant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shigefumi Okamoto
- Laboratory of Virology and Vaccinology, Division of Biomedical Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Immunological assessment of plant-derived avian flu H5/HA1 variants. Vaccine 2009; 27:1289-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2008] [Revised: 12/23/2008] [Accepted: 12/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
34
|
Tobin GJ, Trujillo JD, Bushnell RV, Lin G, Chaudhuri AR, Long J, Barrera J, Pena L, Grubman MJ, Nara PL. Deceptive imprinting and immune refocusing in vaccine design. Vaccine 2008; 26:6189-99. [PMID: 18852005 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.09.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2008] [Accepted: 09/18/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A large number of the world's most widespread and problematic pathogens evade host immune responses by inducing strain-specific immunity to immunodominant epitopes with high mutation rates capable of altering antigenic profiles. The immune system appears to be decoyed into reacting to these immunodominant epitopes that offer little cross protection between serotypes or subtypes. For example, during HIV-1 infection, the immune system reacts strongly to the V1, V2, and/or V3 loops of the surface envelope glycoprotein but not to epitopes that afford broad protection against strain variants. Similarly, the host mounts strain-specific immunity to immunodominant epitopes of the influenza hemagglutinin (HA) protein. A large number of pathogens appear to exploit this weakness in the host immune system by focusing antigenic attention upon highly variable epitopes while avoiding surveillance toward more highly conserved receptor binding sites or other essential functional domains. Because the propensity of the immune system to react against immunodominant strain-specific epitopes appears to be genetically hard-wired, the phenomenon has been termed "deceptive imprinting." In this review, the authors describe observations related to deceptive imprinting in multiple systems and propose strategies for overcoming this phenomenon in the design of vaccines capable of inducing protection against highly variable pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J Tobin
- Biological Mimetics, Inc., 124 Byte Drive Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Okamoto S, Yoshii H, Ishikawa T, Akagi T, Akashi M, Takahashi M, Yamanishi K, Mori Y. Single dose of inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine with poly(gamma-glutamic acid) nanoparticles provides effective protection from Japanese encephalitis virus. Vaccine 2007; 26:589-94. [PMID: 18180081 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2007] [Revised: 10/29/2007] [Accepted: 11/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a serious disease caused by the JE virus (JEV), and vaccination is the only way to prevent the diseases. In Japan, the only JE vaccine currently available is an inactivated vaccine that requires multiple doses for effective protection; therefore, an effective single-dose vaccine is needed. However, no report of an effective protocol for a single dose of JE vaccine in animals has been published. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of a single-dose vaccination in mice to which the JE vaccine was given with or without adjuvant. Biodegradable poly(gamma-glutamic acid) nanoparticles (gamma-PGA-NPs) were used as a test adjuvant. Remarkably, a single dose of JE vaccine with gamma-PGA-NPs enhanced the neutralizing antibody titer, and all of the immunized mice survived a normally lethal JEV infection, while only 50% of the mice that received a single dose of JE vaccine without gamma-PGA-NPs survived. The use of aluminum as the adjuvant showed similar levels of enhanced efficacy. These results show that gamma-PGA-NPs are a novel and safe adjuvant for JE vaccine, and that a single dose of JE vaccine with gamma-PGA-NPs provides effective protection from lethal JEV in mice. A similar protocol, in which a single dose of JE vaccine is mixed with gamma-PGA-NPs, may be useful for the immunization of humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shigefumi Okamoto
- Laboratory of Virology and Vaccinology, Division of Biomedical Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|