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Yang F, Ma L, Zhou J, Wu Y, Gao J, Song S, Geng X, Guo Q, Li Z, Li W, Liao G, Li Y. Development and identification of a new Vero cell-based live attenuated influenza B vaccine by a modified classical reassortment method. Expert Rev Vaccines 2017; 16:855-863. [PMID: 28581345 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2017.1337514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It was to generate a new Vero and cold-adapted live attenuated influenza B vaccine with enough safety and immunogenicity. METHODS According to modified classical reassortment method, the donor strain was B/Yunnan/2/2005Vca(B), and the parental virus strain was B/Brisbane/60/2008wt. After co-infection in Vero cells, the prepared antibody serum inhibited the donor strain growth, and screening conditions inhibited the parental virus growth, which induced the growth of the new reassortant virus B/Brisbane/60/2008Vca(B) grow. Through intraperitoneal injection (i.j.) and intranasal injection (n.j.) we evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of the vaccine. RESULTS A high-yield of the reassortant virus was produced in Vero cells at 25°C, similar to the donor strains. After sequencing, it was found that B/Brisbane/60/2008Vca(B) Hemagglutinin (HA) and Neuraminidase (NA) gene fragments were from B/Brisbane/60/2008wt, while the other 6 gene fragments were from B/Yunnan/2/2005Vca(B). The n.j. immune pathway experiments showed no significant differences between the treatment and the PBS control group with respect to weight changes (P > 0.5). Furthermore, the new strain had a sufficient geometric mean titter (GMT) against B/Brisbane/60/2008wt. CONCLUSION The new reassortant live attenuated influenza B vaccine was safe and having enough immune stimulating ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- a The fifth Department of Biological products, Institute of Medical Biology , Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College , Kunming , People's Republic of China.,b Medical Faculty , Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming , People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Ma
- a The fifth Department of Biological products, Institute of Medical Biology , Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College , Kunming , People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhou
- a The fifth Department of Biological products, Institute of Medical Biology , Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College , Kunming , People's Republic of China
| | - Yinjie Wu
- a The fifth Department of Biological products, Institute of Medical Biology , Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College , Kunming , People's Republic of China
| | - Jingxia Gao
- a The fifth Department of Biological products, Institute of Medical Biology , Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College , Kunming , People's Republic of China
| | - Shaohui Song
- a The fifth Department of Biological products, Institute of Medical Biology , Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College , Kunming , People's Republic of China
| | - Xingliang Geng
- a The fifth Department of Biological products, Institute of Medical Biology , Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College , Kunming , People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Guo
- a The fifth Department of Biological products, Institute of Medical Biology , Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College , Kunming , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuofan Li
- a The fifth Department of Biological products, Institute of Medical Biology , Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College , Kunming , People's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Li
- c The Department of Production Administration, Institute of Medical Biology , Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College , Kunming , People's Republic of China
| | - Guoyang Liao
- a The fifth Department of Biological products, Institute of Medical Biology , Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College , Kunming , People's Republic of China
| | - Yufeng Li
- d Department of Cardiology , Chinese PLA General Hospital , Beijing , People's Republic of China
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Development of an Alternative Modified Live Influenza B Virus Vaccine. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.00056-17. [PMID: 28381580 PMCID: PMC5446642 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00056-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza B virus (IBV) is considered a major human pathogen, responsible for seasonal epidemics of acute respiratory illness. Two antigenically distinct IBV hemagglutinin (HA) lineages cocirculate worldwide with little cross-reactivity. Live attenuated influenza virus (LAIV) vaccines have been shown to provide better cross-protective immune responses than inactivated vaccines by eliciting local mucosal immunity and systemic B cell- and T cell-mediated memory responses. We have shown previously that incorporation of temperature-sensitive (ts) mutations into the PB1 and PB2 subunits along with a modified HA epitope tag in the C terminus of PB1 resulted in influenza A viruses (IAV) that are safe and effective as modified live attenuated (att) virus vaccines (IAV att). We explored whether analogous mutations in the IBV polymerase subunits would result in a stable virus with an att phenotype. The PB1 subunit of the influenza B/Brisbane/60/2008 strain was used to incorporate ts mutations and a C-terminal HA tag. Such modifications resulted in a B/Bris att strain with ts characteristics in vitro and an att phenotype in vivo Vaccination studies in mice showed that a single dose of the B/Bris att candidate stimulated sterilizing immunity against lethal homologous challenge and complete protection against heterologous challenge. These studies show the potential of an alternative LAIV platform for the development of IBV vaccines.IMPORTANCE A number of issues with regard to the effectiveness of the LAIV vaccine licensed in the United States (FluMist) have arisen over the past three seasons (2013-2014, 2014-2015, and 2015-2016). While the reasons for the limited robustness of the vaccine-elicited immune response remain controversial, this problem highlights the critical importance of continued investment in LAIV development and creates an opportunity to improve current strategies so as to develop more efficacious vaccines. Our laboratory has developed an alternative strategy, the incorporation of 2 amino acid mutations and a modified HA tag at the C terminus of PB1, which is sufficient to attenuate the IBV. As a LAIV, this novel vaccine provides complete protection against IBV strains. The availability of attenuated IAV and IBV backbones based on contemporary strains offers alternative platforms for the development of LAIVs that may overcome current limitations.
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Isakova-Sivak I, Rudenko L. Safety, immunogenicity and infectivity of new live attenuated influenza vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines 2015; 14:1313-29. [PMID: 26289975 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2015.1075883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIVs) are believed to be immunologically superior to inactivated influenza vaccines, because they can induce a variety of adaptive immune responses, including serum antibodies, mucosal and cell-mediated immunity. In addition to the licensed cold-adapted LAIV backbones, a number of alternative LAIV approaches are currently being developed and evaluated in preclinical and clinical studies. This review summarizes recent progress in the development and evaluation of LAIVs, with special attention to their safety, immunogenicity and infectivity for humans, and discusses their perspectives for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Isakova-Sivak
- a Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, 12 Acad. Pavlov Street, Saint Petersburg, Russia
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Kwon JS, Yoon J, Kim YJ, Kang K, Woo S, Jung DI, Song MK, Kim EH, Kwon HI, Choi YK, Kim J, Lee J, Yoon Y, Shin EC, Youn JW. Vaccinia-based influenza vaccine overcomes previously induced immunodominance hierarchy for heterosubtypic protection. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:2360-9. [PMID: 24825439 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201344005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Growing concerns about unpredictable influenza pandemics require a broadly protective vaccine against diverse influenza strains. One of the promising approaches was a T cell-based vaccine, but the narrow breadth of T-cell immunity due to the immunodominance hierarchy established by previous influenza infection and efficacy against only mild challenge condition are important hurdles to overcome. To model T-cell immunodominance hierarchy in humans in an experimental setting, influenza-primed C57BL/6 mice were chosen and boosted with a mixture of vaccinia recombinants, individually expressing consensus sequences from avian, swine, and human isolates of influenza internal proteins. As determined by IFN-γ ELISPOT and polyfunctional cytokine secretion, the vaccinia recombinants of influenza expanded the breadth of T-cell responses to include subdominant and even minor epitopes. Vaccine groups were successfully protected against 100 LD50 challenges with PR/8/34 and highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1, which contained the identical dominant NP366 epitope. Interestingly, in challenge with pandemic A/Cal/04/2009 containing mutations in the dominant epitope, only the group vaccinated with rVV-NP + PA showed improved protection. Taken together, a vaccinia-based influenza vaccine expressing conserved internal proteins improved the breadth of influenza-specific T-cell immunity and provided heterosubtypic protection against immunologically close as well as distant influenza strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Sun Kwon
- Vaccine II, Mogam Biotechnology Research Institute, Yongin Si, Republic of Korea
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Cold adaptation improves the growth of seasonal influenza B vaccine viruses. Vaccine 2014; 32:2474-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.02.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 02/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Jang YH, Cho SH, Son A, Lee YH, Lee J, Lee KH, Seong BL. High-yield soluble expression of recombinant influenza virus antigens from Escherichia coli and their potential uses in diagnosis. J Virol Methods 2014; 196:56-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Jang YH, Lee EY, Byun YH, Jung EJ, Lee YJ, Lee YH, Lee KH, Lee J, Seong BL. Protective efficacy in mice of monovalent and trivalent live attenuated influenza vaccines in the background of cold-adapted A/X-31 and B/Lee/40 donor strains. Vaccine 2013; 32:535-43. [PMID: 24342248 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Influenza virus continues to take a heavy toll on human health and vaccination remains the mainstay of efforts to reduce the clinical impact imposed by viral infections. Proven successful for establishing live attenuated vaccine donor strains, cold-adapted live attenuated influenza vaccines (CAIVs) have become an attractive modality for controlling the virus infection. Previously, we developed the cold-adapted strains A/X-31 and B/Lee/40 as novel donor strains of CAIVs against influenza A and B viruses. In this study, we investigated the protective immune responses of both mono- and trivalent vaccine formulations in the mouse model. Two type A vaccines and one type B vaccine against A/New Caledonia/20/99 (H1N1), A/Panama/2007/99 (H3N2), and B/Shangdong/7/97 in the background of the A/X-31 ca or B/Lee/40 ca were generated by a reassortment procedure and evaluated for their immunogenicity and protective efficacy. Each monovalent vaccine elicited high levels of serum antibodies and conferred complete protection against homologous wild type virus infection. As compared to the monovalent vaccines, trivalent formulation induced higher levels of type A-specific serum antibodies and slightly lower levels of type B-specific antibodies, suggesting an immunological synergism within type A viruses and an interference in the replication of type B virus. Relatively lower type B-specific immunogenicity in trivalent vaccine formulation could be effectively implemented by increasing the vaccine dose of influenza B virus. These results of immunogenicity, protection efficacy, and immunological synergism between type A vaccines provide an experimental basis for optimal composition of trivalent vaccines for subsequent developments of multivalent CAIVs against seasonal and pandemic influenza viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo Han Jang
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun-Young Lee
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Ho Byun
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Jung
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoon Jae Lee
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yun Ha Lee
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwang-Hee Lee
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinhee Lee
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Baik Lin Seong
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea; Translational Vaccine Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea; Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Jang YH, Seong BL. Principles underlying rational design of live attenuated influenza vaccines. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2012; 1:35-49. [PMID: 23596576 PMCID: PMC3623510 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2012.1.1.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2012] [Revised: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent innovative advances in molecular virology and the developments of vaccines, influenza virus remains a serious burden for human health. Vaccination has been considered a primary countermeasure for prevention of influenza infection. Live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIVs) are particularly attracting attention as an effective strategy due to several advantages over inactivated vaccines. Cold-adaptation, as a classical means for attenuating viral virulence, has been successfully used for generating safe and effective donor strains of LAIVs against seasonal epidemics and occasional pandemics. Recently, the advent of reverse genetics technique expedited a variety of rational strategies to broaden the pool of LAIVs. Considering the breadth of antigenic diversity of influenza virus, the pool of LAIVs is likely to equip us with better options for controlling influenza pandemics. With a brief reflection on classical attenuating strategies used at the initial stage of development of LAIVs, especially on the principles underlying the development of cold-adapted LAIVs, we further discuss and outline other attenuation strategies especially with respect to the rationales for attenuation, and their practicality for mass production. Finally, we propose important considerations for a rational vaccine design, which will provide us with practical guidelines for improving the safety and effectiveness of LAIVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo Han Jang
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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Gambaryan AS, Lomakina NF, Boravleva EY, Kropotkina EA, Mashin VV, Krasilnikov IV, Klimov AI, Rudenko LG. Comparative safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of several anti-H5N1 influenza experimental vaccines in a mouse and chicken models (Testing of killed and live H5 vaccine). Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2011; 6:188-95. [PMID: 21951678 PMCID: PMC4941668 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2011.00291.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Please cite this paper as: Gambaryan et al. (2011) Comparative safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of several anti‐H5N1 influenza experimental vaccines in a mouse and chicken models. Parallel testing of killed and live H5 vaccine. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 6(3), 188–195. Objective Parallel testing of inactivated (split and whole virion) and live vaccine was conducted to compare the immunogenicity and protective efficacy against homologous and heterosubtypic challenge by H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus. Method Four experimental live vaccines based on two H5N1 influenza virus strains were tested; two of them had hemagglutinin (HA) of A/Vietnam/1203/04 strain lacking the polybasic HA cleavage site, and two others had hemagglutinins from attenuated H5N1 virus A/Chicken/Kurgan/3/05, with amino acid substitutions of Asp54/Asn and Lys222/Thr in HA1 and Val48/Ile and Lys131/Thr in HA2 while maintaining the polybasic HA cleavage site. The neuraminidase and non‐glycoprotein genes of the experimental live vaccines were from H2N2 cold‐adapted master strain A/Leningrad/134/17/57 (VN‐Len and Ku‐Len) or from the apathogenic H6N2 virus A/Gull/Moscow/3100/2006 (VN‐Gull and Ku‐Gull). Inactivated H5N1 and H1N1 and live H1N1 vaccine were used for comparison. All vaccines were applied in a single dose. Safety, immunogenicity, and protectivity against the challenge with HPAI H5N1 virus A/Chicken/Kurgan/3/05 were estimated. Results All experimental live H5 vaccines tested were apathogenic as determined by weight loss and conferred more than 90% protection against lethal challenge with A/Chicken/Kurgan/3/05 infection. Inactivated H1N1 vaccine in mice offered no protection against challenge with H5N1 virus, while live cold‐adapted H1N1 vaccine reduced the mortality near to zero level. Conclusions The high yield, safety, and protectivity of VN‐Len and Ku‐Len made them promising strains for the production of inactivated and live vaccines against H5N1 viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra S Gambaryan
- M P Chumakov Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides, RAMS, Moscow, Russia.
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Stech J, Garn H, Herwig A, Stech O, Dauber B, Wolff T, Mettenleiter TC, Klenk HD. Influenza B virus with modified hemagglutinin cleavage site as a novel attenuated live vaccine. J Infect Dis 2011; 204:1483-90. [PMID: 21917878 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jir613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both pandemic and interpandemic influenza is associated with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Seasonal epidemics are caused by both influenza A and B virus strains that cocirculate with varying predominance and may give rise to severe illness equally. According to World Health Organization recommendations, current annual vaccines are composed of 2 type A and 1 type B virus-specific component. METHODS As a novel attenuated live vaccine against influenza B virus, we generated a hemagglutinin cleavage site mutant of strain B/Lee/40 by replacing the common monobasic cleavage site recognized by trypsinlike proteases with an elastase-sensitive site, and we investigated the in vitro properties, attenuation, humoral responses, and efficacy in mice. RESULTS This mutant virus replicated in cell culture equally well as the wild type but in a strictly elastase-dependent manner. In contrast to the mouse-pathogenic parental virus, the cleavage site mutant was fully attenuated in mice and not detectable in their lungs. After 1 intranasal immunization, the animals survived lethal challenge with wild-type virus without weight loss or any other signs of disease. Furthermore, no challenge virus could be reisolated from the lungs of vaccinated mice. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that proteolytic activation mutants can serve as live vaccine against influenza B virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Stech
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany.
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Genotyping and screening of reassortant live-attenuated influenza B vaccine strain. J Virol Methods 2009; 165:133-8. [PMID: 19883691 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2009.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2009] [Revised: 10/16/2009] [Accepted: 10/22/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Live-attenuated influenza virus vaccines can be generated by reassortment of gene segments between an attenuated donor strain and a virulent wild-type virus. The annual production schedule for the seasonal influenza vaccine necessitates rapid and efficient genotyping of the reassorted progeny to identify the desired vaccine strains. This study describes a multiplex RT-PCR system capable of identifying each gene segment from the cold-adapted attenuated donor virus, B/Lee/40ca. The specificity of the amplification system was optimized by testing various wild-type influenza B viruses. The resulting RT-PCR method is sensitive and efficient enough for routine identification of reassortant clones to identify the desired gene constellation, consisting of six segments from the attenuated donor virus and the H and N genes from the wild-type virus. By providing a more rapid and efficient means of genotyping the candidate reassortant strains, this method could be implemented to expedite the generation of each component strain and allow more time to culture and process the final seasonal influenza vaccine.
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