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Stewart SA, Domínguez-Robles J, Utomo E, Picco CJ, Corduas F, Mancuso E, Amir MN, Bahar MA, Sumarheni S, Donnelly RF, Permana AD, Larrañeta E. Poly(caprolactone)-based subcutaneous implant for sustained delivery of levothyroxine. Int J Pharm 2021; 607:121011. [PMID: 34391850 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This work aimed to develop a subcutaneous implant for prolonged delivery of LEVO to treat hypothyroidism. This could overcome challenges with patient compliance and co-administration and could improve treatment of this condition. For this purpose, implants were produced by solvent casting mixtures of poly(caprolactone) (PCL), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and LEVO sodium. These implants contained mixtures of PCL of differing molecular weight, PEG and different LEVO sodium loadings (20% or 40% w/w). SEM images confirmed that the drug was evenly dispersed throughout the implant. In vitro release rates ranging from 28.37 ± 1.19 - 78.21 ± 19.93 µg/day and 47.39 ± 8.76 - 98.92 ± 4.27 µg/day were achieved for formulations containing 20% and 40% w/w drug loading, respectively. Implants containing higher amounts of low molecular weight PCL and 40% w/w of LEVO showed release profiles governed by zero order kinetics. On the other hand, implants containing higher amounts of high molecular weight PCL showed a release mechanism governed by Fickian diffusion. Finally, two representative formulations were tested in vivo. These implants were capable of providing detectable LEVO levels in plasma during the entire duration of the experiments (4 weeks) with LEVO plasma levels ranging between 5 and 20 ng/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Stewart
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Lisburn Road 97, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Juan Domínguez-Robles
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Lisburn Road 97, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Emilia Utomo
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Lisburn Road 97, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Camila J Picco
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Lisburn Road 97, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Francesca Corduas
- Nanotechnology and Integrated Bio-Engineering Centre (NIBEC), Ulster University, Jordanstown Campus, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, UK
| | - Elena Mancuso
- Nanotechnology and Integrated Bio-Engineering Centre (NIBEC), Ulster University, Jordanstown Campus, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, UK
| | - Muh Nur Amir
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Muh Akbar Bahar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Sumarheni Sumarheni
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Ryan F Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Lisburn Road 97, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Andi Dian Permana
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar 90245, Indonesia.
| | - Eneko Larrañeta
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Lisburn Road 97, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
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Hossain MK, Ahmed T, Bhusal P, Subedi RK, Salahshoori I, Soltani M, Hassanzadeganroudsari M. Microneedle Systems for Vaccine Delivery: the story so far. Expert Rev Vaccines 2021; 19:1153-1166. [PMID: 33427523 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2020.1874928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vaccine delivery via a microneedle (MN) system has been identified as a potential alternative to conventional vaccine delivery. MN can be self-administered, is pain-free and is capable of producing superior immunogenicity. Over the last few decades, significant research has been carried out in this area, and this review aims to provide a comprehensive picture on the progress of this delivery platform. AREAS COVERED This review highlights the potential role of skin as a vaccine delivery route using a microneedle system, examines recent advancements in microneedle fabrication techniques, and provides an update on potential preclinical and clinical studies on vaccine delivery through microneedle systems against various infectious diseases. Articles for the review study were searched electronically in PubMed, Google, Google Scholar, and Science Direct using specific keywords to cover the scope of the article. The advanced search strategy was employed to identify the most relevant articles. EXPERT OPINION A significant number of MN mediated vaccine candidates have shown promising results in preclinical and clinical trials. The recent emergence of cleanroom free, 3D or additive manufacturing of MN systems and stability, together with the dose-sparing capacity of the Nanopatch® system, have made this platform, commercially, highly lucrative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Kamal Hossain
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University , Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Taksim Ahmed
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Prabhat Bhusal
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago , Dunedin New Zealand
| | | | - Iman Salahshoori
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University , Tehran, Iran
| | - M Soltani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology , Tehran, Iran.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Science, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (CBB), University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.,Advanced Bioengineering Initiative Center, Multidisciplinary International Complex, K. N. Toosi University of Technology , Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Hassanzadeganroudsari
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University , Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University , Tehran, Iran
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Akhtar N, Singh V, Yusuf M, Khan RA. Non-invasive drug delivery technology: development and current status of transdermal drug delivery devices, techniques and biomedical applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 65:243-272. [PMID: 31926064 DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2019-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Pay-load deliveries across the skin barrier to the systemic circulation have been one of the most challenging delivery options. Necessitated requirements of the skin and facilitated skin layer cross-over delivery attempts have resulted in development of different non-invasive, non-oral methods, devices and systems which have been standardized, concurrently used and are in continuous upgrade and improvements. Iontophoresis, electroporation, sonophoresis, magnetophoresis, dermal patches, nanocarriers, needled and needle-less shots, and injectors are among some of the methods of transdermal delivery. The current review covers the current state of the art, merits and shortcomings of the systems, devices and transdermal delivery patches, including drugs' and other payloads' passage facilitation techniques, permeation and absorption feasibility studies, as well as physicochemical properties affecting the delivery through different transdermal modes along with examples of drugs, vaccines, genes and other payloads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naseem Akhtar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy,Buraydah Colleges, PO Box 31717, Qassim 51418, Saudi Arabia
| | - Varsha Singh
- Manav Rachna International University (MRIU) and Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Study (MRIIRS), Faridabad, HR 121 001, India
| | - Mohammad Yusuf
- College of Pharmacy, University of Taif, Taif Al-Haweiah, Taif, Saudi Arabia.https://orcid.org/0000-0003- 1417-7774
| | - Riaz A Khan
- Manav Rachna International University (MRIU) and Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Study (MRIIRS), Faridabad, HR 121 001, India.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia
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Dragicevic N, Maibach H. Combined use of nanocarriers and physical methods for percutaneous penetration enhancement. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 127:58-84. [PMID: 29425769 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Dermal and transdermal drug delivery (due to its non-invasiveness, avoidance of the first-pass metabolism, controlling the rate of drug input over a prolonged time, etc.) have gained significant acceptance. Several methods are employed to overcome the permeability barrier of the skin, improving drug penetration into/through skin. Among chemical penetration enhancement methods, nanocarriers have been extensively studied. When applied alone, nanocarriers mostly deliver drugs to skin and can be used to treat skin diseases. To achieve effective transdermal drug delivery, nanocarriers should be applied with physical methods, as they act synergistically in enhancing drug penetration. This review describes combined use of frequently used nanocarriers (liposomes, novel elastic vesicles, lipid-based and polymer-based nanoparticles and dendrimers) with the most efficient physical methods (microneedles, iontophoresis, ultrasound and electroporation) and demonstrates superiority of the combined use of nanocarriers and physical methods in drug penetration enhancement compared to their single use.
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Demonstrating Functional Equivalence of Pilot and Production Scale Freeze-Drying of BCG. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151239. [PMID: 26981867 PMCID: PMC4794149 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Process analytical technology (PAT)-tools were used to monitor freeze-drying of Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) at pilot and production scale. Among the evaluated PAT-tools, there is the novel use of the vacuum valve open/close frequency for determining the endpoint of primary drying at production scale. The duration of primary drying, the BCG survival rate, and the residual moisture content (RMC) were evaluated using two different freeze-drying protocols and were found to be independent of the freeze-dryer scale evidencing functional equivalence. The absence of an effect of the freeze-dryer scale on the process underlines the feasibility of the pilot scale freeze-dryer for further BCG freeze-drying process optimization which may be carried out using a medium without BCG.
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Rosales-Mendoza S, Salazar-González JA, Decker EL, Reski R. Implications of plant glycans in the development of innovative vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines 2016; 15:915-25. [DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2016.1155987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Rosales-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Biofarmacéuticos Recombinantes, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, SLP, Mexico
| | - Jorge A. Salazar-González
- Laboratorio de Biofarmacéuticos Recombinantes, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, SLP, Mexico
| | - Eva L. Decker
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestr. 1, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Reski
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestr. 1, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS – Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Freiburg, Germany
- FRIAS – Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, Freiburg, Germany
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8
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Alternative delivery of a thermostable inactivated polio vaccine. Vaccine 2015; 33:2030-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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van de Wijdeven GG, Hirschberg HJ, Weyers W, Schalla W. Phase 1 clinical study with Bioneedles, a delivery platform for biopharmaceuticals. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 89:126-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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10
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Solid bioneedle-delivered influenza vaccines are highly thermostable and induce both humoral and cellular immune responses. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92806. [PMID: 24671048 PMCID: PMC3966824 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential of bioneedles to deliver influenza vaccines was investigated. Four influenza vaccine formulations were screened to determine the optimal formulation for use with bioneedles. The stability of the formulations after freeze-drying was checked to predict the stability of the influenza vaccines in the bioneedles. Subunit, split, virosomal and whole inactivated influenza (WIV) vaccine were formulated and lyophilized in bioneedles, and subsequently administered to C57BL/6 mice. Humoral and cellular immune responses were assessed after vaccination. The thermostability of lyophilized vaccines was determined after one-month storage at elevated temperatures. Bioneedle influenza vaccines induced HI titers that are comparable to those induced by intramuscular WIV vaccination. Delivery by bioneedles did not alter the type of immune response induced by the influenza vaccines. Stability studies showed that lyophilized influenza vaccines have superior thermostability compared to conventional liquid vaccines, and remained stable after one-month storage at 60°C. Influenza vaccines delivered by bioneedles are a viable alternative to conventional liquid influenza vaccines. WIV was determined to be the most potent vaccine formulation for administration by bioneedles. Lyophilized influenza vaccines in bioneedles are independent of a cold-chain, due to their increased thermostability, which makes distribution and stockpiling easier.
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Suh H, Shin J, Kim YC. Microneedle patches for vaccine delivery. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2013; 3:42-9. [PMID: 24427762 PMCID: PMC3890449 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2014.3.1.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In today's medical industry, the range of vaccines that exist for administration in humans represents an eclectic variety of forms and immunologic mechanisms. Namely, these are the live attenuated viruses, inactivated viruses, subunit proteins, and virus-like particles for treating virus-caused diseases, as well as the bacterial-based polysaccharide, protein, and conjugated vaccines. Currently, a new approach to vaccination is being investigated with the concept of DNA vaccines. As an alternative delivery route to enhance the vaccination efficacy, microneedles have been devised to target the rich network of immunologic antigen-presenting cells in the dermis and epidermis layers under the skin. Numerous studies have outlined the parameters of microneedle delivery of a wide range of vaccines, revealing comparable or higher immunogenicity to conventional intramuscular routes, overall level of stability, and dose-sparing advantages. Furthermore, recent mechanism studies have begun to successfully elucidate the biological mechanisms behind microneedle vaccination. This paper describes the current status of microneedle vaccine research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyemee Suh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Juhyung Shin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yeu-Chun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
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12
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McGrath MG, Vucen S, Vrdoljak A, Kelly A, O'Mahony C, Crean AM, Moore A. Production of dissolvable microneedles using an atomised spray process: effect of microneedle composition on skin penetration. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2013; 86:200-11. [PMID: 23727511 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2013.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Dissolvable microneedles offer an attractive delivery system for transdermal drug and vaccine delivery. They are most commonly formed by filling a microneedle mold with liquid formulation using vacuum or centrifugation to overcome the constraints of surface tension and solution viscosity. Here, we demonstrate a novel microneedle fabrication method employing an atomised spray technique that minimises the effects of the liquid surface tension and viscosity when filling molds. This spray method was successfully used to fabricate dissolvable microneedles (DMN) from a wide range of sugars (trehalose, fructose and raffinose) and polymeric materials (polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and sodium alginate). Fabrication by spraying produced microneedles with amorphous content using single sugar compositions. These microneedles displayed sharp tips and had complete fidelity to the master silicon template. Using a method to quantify the consistency of DMN penetration into different skin layers, we demonstrate that the material of construction significantly influenced the extent of skin penetration. We demonstrate that this spraying method can be adapted to produce novel laminate-layered as well as horizontally-layered DMN arrays. To our knowledge, this is the first report documenting the use of an atomising spray, at ambient, mild processing conditions, to create dissolvable microneedle arrays that can possess novel, laminate layering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonja Vucen
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Anto Vrdoljak
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Adam Kelly
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Conor O'Mahony
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Abina M Crean
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Anne Moore
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Dept. of Pharmacology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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13
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Kim YC, Park JH, Prausnitz MR. Microneedles for drug and vaccine delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:1547-68. [PMID: 22575858 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1002] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Microneedles were first conceptualized for drug delivery many decades ago, but only became the subject of significant research starting in the mid-1990's when microfabrication technology enabled their manufacture as (i) solid microneedles for skin pretreatment to increase skin permeability, (ii) microneedles coated with drug that dissolves off in the skin, (iii) polymer microneedles that encapsulate drug and fully dissolve in the skin and (iv) hollow microneedles for drug infusion into the skin. As shown in more than 350 papers now published in the field, microneedles have been used to deliver a broad range of different low molecular weight drugs, biotherapeutics and vaccines, including published human studies with a number of small-molecule and protein drugs and vaccines. Influenza vaccination using a hollow microneedle is in widespread clinical use and a number of solid microneedle products are sold for cosmetic purposes. In addition to applications in the skin, microneedles have also been adapted for delivery of bioactives into the eye and into cells. Successful application of microneedles depends on device function that facilitates microneedle insertion and possible infusion into skin, skin recovery after microneedle removal, and drug stability during manufacturing, storage and delivery, and on patient outcomes, including lack of pain, skin irritation and skin infection, in addition to drug efficacy and safety. Building off a strong technology base and multiple demonstrations of successful drug delivery, microneedles are poised to advance further into clinical practice to enable better pharmaceutical therapies, vaccination and other applications.
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Amorij JP, Kersten GFA, Saluja V, Tonnis WF, Hinrichs WLJ, Slütter B, Bal SM, Bouwstra JA, Huckriede A, Jiskoot W. Towards tailored vaccine delivery: needs, challenges and perspectives. J Control Release 2012; 161:363-76. [PMID: 22245687 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Revised: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The ideal vaccine is a simple and stable formulation which can be conveniently administered and provides life-long immunity against a given pathogen. The development of such a vaccine, which should trigger broad and strong B-cell and T-cell responses against antigens of the pathogen in question, is highly dependent on tailored vaccine delivery approaches. This review addresses vaccine delivery in its broadest scope. We discuss the needs and challenges in the area of vaccine delivery, including restrictions posed by specific target populations, potentials of dedicated stable formulations and devices, and the use of adjuvants. Moreover, we address the current status and perspectives of vaccine delivery via several routes of administration, including non- or minimally invasive routes. Finally we suggest possible directions for future vaccine delivery research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Amorij
- Vaccinology, National Institute for Public Health and Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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Bariya SH, Gohel MC, Mehta TA, Sharma OP. Microneedles: an emerging transdermal drug delivery system. J Pharm Pharmacol 2011; 64:11-29. [PMID: 22150668 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2011.01369.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES One of the thrust areas in drug delivery research is transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) due to their characteristic advantages over oral and parenteral drug delivery systems. Researchers have focused their attention on the use of microneedles to overcome the barrier of the stratum corneum. Microneedles deliver the drug into the epidermis without disruption of nerve endings. Recent advances in the development of microneedles are discussed in this review for the benefit of young scientists and to promote research in the area. KEY FINDINGS Microneedles are fabricated using a microelectromechanical system employing silicon, metals, polymers or polysaccharides. Solid coated microneedles can be used to pierce the superficial skin layer followed by delivery of the drug. Advances in microneedle research led to development of dissolvable/degradable and hollow microneedles to deliver drugs at a higher dose and to engineer drug release. Iontophoresis, sonophoresis and electrophoresis can be used to modify drug delivery when used in concern with hollow microneedles. Microneedles can be used to deliver macromolecules such as insulin, growth hormones, immunobiologicals, proteins and peptides. Microneedles containing 'cosmeceuticals' are currently available to treat acne, pigmentation, scars and wrinkles, as well as for skin tone improvement. SUMMARY Literature survey and patents filled revealed that microneedle-based drug delivery system can be explored as a potential tool for the delivery of a variety of macromolecules that are not effectively delivered by conventional transdermal techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shital H Bariya
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
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Christensen D, Lindenstrøm T, van de Wijdeven G, Andersen P, Agger EM. Syringe free vaccination with CAF01 Adjuvated Ag85B-ESAT-6 in Bioneedles provides strong and prolonged protection against tuberculosis. PLoS One 2010; 5:e15043. [PMID: 21124731 PMCID: PMC2993957 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2010] [Accepted: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioneedles are small hollow sugar based needles administered with a simple compressed air device. In the present study we investigate how incorporation of a subunit vaccine based on TB vaccine hybrid Ag85B-ESAT-6 adjuvated with CAF01 into Bioneedles affects its immunogenicity as well as its ability to protect against TB in a mouse model. The CMI response measured by IFN-γ and antigen specific CD4+ T-cells was, two weeks after the last vaccination, significantly lower in the group immunized with Bioneedle-incorporated vaccine compared to the conventional vaccine, using syringe and needle. However, at four, nine and 52 weeks after vaccination we observed similar high IFN-γ levels in the Bioneedle group and the group vaccinated using syringe and needle and comparable levels of antigen specific T-cells. Furthermore, the protective efficacy for the two vaccination methods was comparable and similar to BCG vaccination both six and 52 weeks after vaccination. These results therefore advocate the further development of the Bioneedle devises and applicators for the delivery of human vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Christensen
- Statens Serum Institut, Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Vaccine Delivery and Formulation Research, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Hirschberg HJ, van de Wijdeven GG, Kraan H, Amorij JP, Kersten GF. Bioneedles as alternative delivery system for hepatitis B vaccine. J Control Release 2010; 147:211-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2010.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2010] [Revised: 06/24/2010] [Accepted: 06/30/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Bal SM, Kruithof AC, Zwier R, Dietz E, Bouwstra JA, Lademann J, Meinke MC. Influence of microneedle shape on the transport of a fluorescent dye into human skin in vivo. J Control Release 2010; 147:218-24. [PMID: 20650292 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2010.07.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2010] [Revised: 07/07/2010] [Accepted: 07/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Microneedles can enhance the penetration of vaccines into the skin for transcutaneous vaccination. In this study for the first time the influence of microneedle geometry on the transport through the formed conduits was visualised in human volunteers by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Three differently shaped 300 μm long microneedle arrays were selected and fluorescein was applied either before or after piercing. Based on the intensity a distinction was made between regions with high and low intensity fluorescence (HIF and LIF). The areas of both intensities were quantified over time. In most cases HIF areas were only present in the stratum corneum, while LIF areas were also present in the viable epidermis. The areas were larger if fluorescein was applied after piercing compared to before piercing. After 15 min almost no HIF was present anymore at the skin surface. The microneedle geometry, but not the manner of application affected the shape and depth of the conduits. In conclusion we showed that the different microneedle arrays are able to form conduits in the skin, but the geometry of the microneedles influences the penetration of the fluorescent dye. This is the first step towards a more rational design of microneedle arrays for transcutaneous vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M Bal
- Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Kim YC, Quan FS, Compans RW, Kang SM, Prausnitz MR. Formulation and coating of microneedles with inactivated influenza virus to improve vaccine stability and immunogenicity. J Control Release 2010; 142:187-95. [PMID: 19840825 PMCID: PMC2823933 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2009.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2009] [Revised: 09/18/2009] [Accepted: 10/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Microneedle patches coated with solid-state influenza vaccine have been developed to improve vaccine efficacy and patient coverage. However, dip coating microneedles with influenza vaccine can reduce antigen activity. In this study, we sought to determine the experimental factors and mechanistic pathways by which inactivated influenza vaccine can lose activity, as well as develop and assess improved microneedle coating formulations that protect the antigen from activity loss. After coating microneedles using a standard vaccine formulation, the stability of influenza vaccine was reduced to just 2%, as measured by hemagglutination activity. The presence of carboxymethylcellulose, which was added to increase viscosity of the coating formulation, was shown to contribute to vaccine activity loss. After screening a panel of candidate stabilizers, the addition of trehalose to the coating formulation was found to protect the antigen and retain 48-82% antigen activity for all three major strains of seasonal influenza: H1N1, H3N2 and B. Influenza vaccine coated in this way also exhibited thermal stability, such that activity loss was independent of temperature over the range of 4-37 degrees C for 24h. Dynamic light scattering measurements showed that antigen activity loss was associated with virus particle aggregation, and that stabilization using trehalose largely blocked this aggregation. Finally, microneedles using an optimized vaccine coating formulation were applied to the skin to vaccinate mice. Microneedle vaccination induced robust systemic and functional antibodies and provided complete protection against lethal challenge infection similar to conventional intramuscular injection. Overall, these results show that antigen activity loss during microneedle coating can be largely prevented through optimized formulation and that stabilized microneedle patches can be used for effective vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeu-Chun Kim
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Fu-Shi Quan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Richard W. Compans
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Sang-Moo Kang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Mark R. Prausnitz
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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Coulman SA, Anstey A, Gateley C, Morrissey A, McLoughlin P, Allender C, Birchall JC. Microneedle mediated delivery of nanoparticles into human skin. Int J Pharm 2009; 366:190-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2008] [Revised: 08/26/2008] [Accepted: 08/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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