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Miles S, Portela M, Cyrklaff M, Ancarola ME, Frischknecht F, Durán R, Dematteis S, Mourglia-Ettlin G. Combining proteomics and bioinformatics to explore novel tegumental antigens as vaccine candidates against Echinococcus granulosus infection. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:15320-15336. [PMID: 31038784 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Echinococcus granulosus is the parasite responsible for cystic echinococcosis (CE), an important worldwide-distributed zoonosis. New effective vaccines against CE could potentially have great economic and health benefits. Here, we describe an innovative vaccine design scheme starting from an antigenic fraction enriched in tegumental antigens from the protoscolex stage (termed PSEx) already known to induce protection against CE. We first used mass spectrometry to characterize the protein composition of PSEx followed by Gene Ontology analysis to study the potential Biological Processes, Molecular Functions, and Cellular Localizations of the identified proteins. Following, antigenicity predictions and determination of conservancy degree against other organisms were determined. Thus, nine novel proteins were identified as potential vaccine candidates. Furthermore, linear B cell epitopes free of posttranslational modifications were predicted in the whole PSEx proteome through colocalization of in silico predicted epitopes within peptide fragments identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-TOF/TOF. Resulting peptides were termed "clean linear B cell epitopes," and through BLASTp scanning against all nonhelminth proteins, those with 100% identity against any other protein were discarded. Then, the secondary structure was predicted for peptides and their corresponding proteins. Peptides with highly similar secondary structure respect to their parental protein were selected, and those potentially toxic and/or allergenic were discarded. Finally, the selected clean linear B cell epitopes were mapped within their corresponding 3D-modeled protein to analyze their possible antibody accessibilities, resulting in 14 putative peptide vaccine candidates. We propose nine novel proteins and 14 peptides to be further tested as vaccine candidates against CE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Miles
- Área Inmunología, DEPBIO/IQB, Facultad de Química/Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Madelón Portela
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Proteómica Analíticas, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo and IIBCE, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Marek Cyrklaff
- Integrative Parasitology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - María Eugenia Ancarola
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Friedrich Frischknecht
- Integrative Parasitology, Center for Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rosario Durán
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Proteómica Analíticas, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo and IIBCE, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Sylvia Dematteis
- Área Inmunología, DEPBIO/IQB, Facultad de Química/Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Gustavo Mourglia-Ettlin
- Área Inmunología, DEPBIO/IQB, Facultad de Química/Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Immunization of mice with egG1Y162-1/2 provides protection against Echinococcus granulosus infection in BALB/c mice. Mol Immunol 2018; 94:183-189. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Ripoll DR, Mitchell DAJ, Dupuy LC, Wallqvist A, Schmaljohn C, Chaudhury S. Combinatorial peptide-based epitope mapping from Ebola virus DNA vaccines and infections reveals residue-level determinants of antibody binding. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017; 13:2953-2966. [PMID: 28922082 PMCID: PMC5718834 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1360454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ebola virus (EBOV) infection is highly lethal and results in severe febrile bleeding disorders that affect humans and non-human primates. One of the therapeutic approaches for treating EBOV infection focus largely on cocktails of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that bind to specific regions of the EBOV glycoprotein (GP) and neutralize the virus. Recent structural studies using cryo-electron microscopy have identified key epitopes for several EBOV mAbs. While such information has yielded deep insights into antibody binding, limitations on resolution of these structures often preclude a residue-level analysis of EBOV epitopes. In this study, we performed combinatorial peptide-based epitope mapping of EBOV GP against a broad panel of mAbs and polyclonal sera derived from several animal species vaccinated with EBOV DNA and replicon vaccines and/or exposed to EBOV infection to identify residue-level determinants of antibody binding. The peptide-based epitope mapping obtained from a wide range of serum and mAb samples, combined with available cryo-EM structure reconstructions revealed fine details of antibody-virus interactions, allowing for a more precise and comprehensive mapping of antibody epitopes on EBOV GP. We show how these residue-level epitope definitions can be used to characterize antigenic variation across different filoviruses, and provide a theoretical basis for predicting immunity and cross-neutralization in potential future outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Ripoll
- a Biotechnology HPC Software Applications Institute , Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Fort Detrick , MD , USA
| | - Daniel A J Mitchell
- b US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick , MD , USA
| | - Lesley C Dupuy
- b US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick , MD , USA
| | - Anders Wallqvist
- a Biotechnology HPC Software Applications Institute , Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Fort Detrick , MD , USA
| | - Connie Schmaljohn
- b US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick , MD , USA
| | - Sidhartha Chaudhury
- a Biotechnology HPC Software Applications Institute , Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, US Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Fort Detrick , MD , USA
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Wang H, Li Z, Gao F, Zhao J, Zhu M, He X, Niu N, Zhao W. Immunoprotection of recombinant Eg.P29 against Echinococcus granulosus in sheep. Vet Res Commun 2016; 40:73-9. [PMID: 27094043 PMCID: PMC4870292 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-016-9656-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the immunoprotection of recombinant Eg.P29 (rEg.P29) vaccine and analyze the underlying mechanism in sheep. METHODS Three groups of male sheep were immunized subcutaneously with rEg.P29 and PBS, Freund's complete adjuvant as controls, respectively. After prime-boost vaccination, the sheep were challenged with encapsulated Echinococcus granulosus eggs. The percentage of protection in sheep was determined 36 weeks after the infection. Humoral immune response was analyzed for specific IgG, IgG1, IgG2, IgM and IgE levels. Moreover, cytokines including interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4,and IL-10 were also evaluated. RESULTS Immunization with rEg.P29 induced protective immune responses up to 94.5 %, compared with immunoadjuvant group. The levels of specific IgG, IgG1, IgG2, and IgE as well as IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-4 significantly increased after two immunizations (P < 0.05); however, the levels of IgM and IL-10 did not show difference. CONCLUSION rEg.P29 showed Immunoprotection and induced Th1 and Th2 immune responses; hence, rEg.P29 is a potential vaccine for E. granulosus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Medical Immunology, Ningxia Medical University, Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China.,Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease, Ningxia Medical University & Ningxia Institute of Medicine, Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - Zihua Li
- Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease, Ningxia Medical University & Ningxia Institute of Medicine, Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - Fu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease, Ningxia Medical University & Ningxia Institute of Medicine, Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China.,Institute of Clinical Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - Jiaqing Zhao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Medical Immunology, Ningxia Medical University, Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China.,Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease, Ningxia Medical University & Ningxia Institute of Medicine, Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - Mingxing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease, Ningxia Medical University & Ningxia Institute of Medicine, Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China.,Centre of Scientific Technology of Ningxia Medical University, Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - Xin He
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Medical Immunology, Ningxia Medical University, Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - Nan Niu
- Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease, Ningxia Medical University & Ningxia Institute of Medicine, Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China.,Institute of Clinical Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Hydatid Disease, Ningxia Medical University & Ningxia Institute of Medicine, Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China.
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Tamarozzi F, Mariconti M, Neumayr A, Brunetti E. The intermediate host immune response in cystic echinococcosis. Parasite Immunol 2016; 38:170-81. [DOI: 10.1111/pim.12301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Tamarozzi
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences; University of Pavia; Pavia Italy
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Clinical Management of Cystic Echinococcosis; Pavia Italy
| | - M. Mariconti
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Clinical Management of Cystic Echinococcosis; Pavia Italy
- Division of Infectious and Tropical Diseases; San Matteo Hospital Foundation; Pavia Italy
| | - A. Neumayr
- Medical Services and Diagnostic; Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute; Basel Switzerland
- University of Basel; Basel Switzerland
| | - E. Brunetti
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences; University of Pavia; Pavia Italy
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Clinical Management of Cystic Echinococcosis; Pavia Italy
- Division of Infectious and Tropical Diseases; San Matteo Hospital Foundation; Pavia Italy
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Rojas-Caraballo J, López-Abán J, Pérez del Villar L, Vizcaíno C, Vicente B, Fernández-Soto P, del Olmo E, Patarroyo MA, Muro A. In vitro and in vivo studies for assessing the immune response and protection-inducing ability conferred by Fasciola hepatica-derived synthetic peptides containing B- and T-cell epitopes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105323. [PMID: 25122166 PMCID: PMC4133369 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fasciolosis is considered the most widespread trematode disease affecting grazing animals around the world; it is currently recognised by the World Health Organisation as an emergent human pathogen. Triclabendazole is still the most effective drug against this disease; however, resistant strains have appeared and developing an effective vaccine against this disease has increasingly become a priority. Several bioinformatics tools were here used for predicting B- and T-cell epitopes according to the available data for Fasciola hepatica protein amino acid sequences. BALB/c mice were immunised with the synthetic peptides by using the ADAD vaccination system and several immune response parameters were measured (antibody titres, cytokine levels, T-cell populations) to evaluate their ability to elicit an immune response. Based on the immunogenicity results so obtained, seven peptides were selected to assess their protection-inducing ability against experimental infection with F. hepatica metacercariae. Twenty-four B- or T-epitope-containing peptides were predicted and chemically synthesised. Immunisation of mice with peptides so-called B1, B2, B5, B6, T14, T15 and T16 induced high levels of total IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a (p<0.05) and a mixed Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg immune response, according to IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-17 and IL-10 levels, accompanied by increased CD62L+ T-cell populations. A high level of protection was obtained in mice vaccinated with peptides B2, B5, B6 and T15 formulated in the ADAD vaccination system with the AA0029 immunomodulator. The bioinformatics approach used in the present study led to the identification of seven peptides as vaccine candidates against the infection caused by Fasciola hepatica (a liver-fluke trematode). However, vaccine efficacy must be evaluated in other host species, including those having veterinary importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Rojas-Caraballo
- Parasite and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Tropical Disease Research Centre, Universidad de Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Salamanca, Spain
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Julio López-Abán
- Parasite and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Tropical Disease Research Centre, Universidad de Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Luis Pérez del Villar
- Parasite and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Tropical Disease Research Centre, Universidad de Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Carolina Vizcaíno
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Belén Vicente
- Parasite and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Tropical Disease Research Centre, Universidad de Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Pedro Fernández-Soto
- Parasite and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Tropical Disease Research Centre, Universidad de Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Esther del Olmo
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Tropical Disease Research Centre, Universidad de Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Manuel Alfonso Patarroyo
- Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Bogotá, Colombia
- Basic Sciences Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Antonio Muro
- Parasite and Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Tropical Disease Research Centre, Universidad de Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Salamanca, Spain
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Heath DD, Robinson C, Lightowlers MW. Maternal antibody parameters of cattle and calves receiving EG95 vaccine to protect against Echinococcus granulosus. Vaccine 2012; 30:7321-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.08.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Revised: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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HEATH DD, KOOLAARD J. Serological monitoring of protection of sheep against Echinococcus granulosus induced by the EG95 vaccine. Parasite Immunol 2011; 34:40-4. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2011.01341.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Phage display: selecting straws instead of a needle from a haystack. Molecules 2011; 16:790-817. [PMID: 21248664 PMCID: PMC6259164 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16010790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Revised: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of peptides with specific binding affinity to various protein and even non-protein targets are being discovered from phage display libraries. The power of this method lies in its ability to efficiently and rapidly identify ligands with a desired target property from a large population of phage clones displaying diverse surface peptides. However, the search for the needle in the haystack does not always end successfully. False positive results may appear. Thus instead of specific binders phage with no actual affinity toward the target are recovered due to their propagation advantages or binding to other components of the screening system, such as the solid phase, capturing reagents, contaminants in the target sample or blocking agents, rather than the target. Biopanning experiments on different targets performed in our laboratory revealed some previously identified and many new target-unrelated peptide sequences, which have already been frequently described and published, but not yet recognized as target-unrelated. Distinguishing true binders from false positives is an important step toward phage display selections of greater integrity. This article thoroughly reviews and discusses already identified and new target-unrelated peptides and suggests strategies to avoid their isolation.
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Assana E, Gauci CG, Kyngdon CT, Zoli AP, Dorny P, Geerts S, Lightowlers MW. Antibody responses to the host-protective Taenia solium oncosphere protein TSOL18 in pigs are directed against conformational epitopes. Parasite Immunol 2010; 32:399-405. [PMID: 20500670 PMCID: PMC2881308 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2009.01197.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
TSOL18 is a recombinant protein that has been shown in repeated experimental trials to be capable of protecting pigs against challenge infection with the cestode parasite Taenia solium. Antibodies raised by the vaccine are capable of killing the parasite in an in vitroculture and it is believed that antibody and complement-mediated killing of invading parasites is the major protective immune mechanism induced by vaccination with TSOL18. Investigations were undertaken to characterize whether the principal antibody specificities raised by TSOL18 in pigs were against linear or conformational determinants. TSOL18 was expressed in two truncated forms representing either the amino terminal portion or the carboxy terminal portion, with the two truncations overlapping in sequence by 25 amino acids. The original protein (designated TSOL18N−) and the two truncations (TSOL18N−-1 and TSOL18N−-2) were used in inhibition ELISA. TSOL18N− was shown to be capable of completely inhibiting the binding of pig anti-TSOL18N− antibodies to TSOL18N− in ELISA. However, neither TSOL18N−-1 nor TSOL18N−-2, either alone or when combined together, was capable of inhibiting any detectable amount of reactivity of pig anti-TSOL18N− antibodies with TSOL18N−. It is concluded that the dominant antibody specificities, and probably the host-protective specificities, of TSOL18 are conformational epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Assana
- Department of Animal Health, Prince Leopold Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerpen, Belgium
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McManus DP. Echinococcosis with Particular Reference to Southeast Asia. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2010; 72:267-303. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-308x(10)72010-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Read AJ, Gauci CG, Lightowlers MW. Purification of polyclonal anti-conformational antibodies for use in affinity selection from random peptide phage display libraries: a study using the hydatid vaccine EG95. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2009; 877:1516-22. [PMID: 19349218 PMCID: PMC2682179 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2008] [Revised: 03/03/2009] [Accepted: 03/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The use of polyclonal antibodies to screen random peptide phage display libraries often results in the recognition of a large number of peptides that mimic linear epitopes on various proteins. There appears to be a bias in the use of this technology toward the selection of peptides that mimic linear epitopes. In many circumstances the correct folding of a protein immunogen is required for conferring protection. The use of random peptide phage display libraries to identify peptide mimics of conformational epitopes in these cases requires a strategy for overcoming this bias. Conformational epitopes on the hydatid vaccine EG95 have been shown to result in protective immunity in sheep, whereas linear epitopes are not protective. In this paper we describe a strategy that results in the purification of polyclonal antibodies directed against conformational epitopes while eliminating antibodies directed against linear epitopes. These affinity purified antibodies were then used to select a peptide from a random peptide phage display library that has the capacity to mimic conformational epitopes on EG95. This peptide was subsequently used to affinity purify monospecific antibodies against EG95.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Read
- The University of Melbourne, Veterinary Clinical Centre, Werribee, Victoria, Australia.
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