1
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Triantafyllou N, Sarkis M, Krassakopoulou A, Shah N, Papathanasiou MM, Kontoravdi C. Uncertainty quantification for gene delivery methods: A roadmap for pDNA manufacturing from phase I clinical trials to commercialization. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300103. [PMID: 37797343 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
The fast-growing interest in cell and gene therapy (C>) products has led to a growing demand for the production of plasmid DNA (pDNA) and viral vectors for clinical and commercial use. Manufacturers, regulators, and suppliers need to develop strategies for establishing robust and agile supply chains in the otherwise empirical field of C>. A model-based methodology that has great potential to support the wider adoption of C> is presented, by ensuring efficient timelines, scalability, and cost-effectiveness in the production of key raw materials. Specifically, key process and economic parameters are identified for (1) the production of pDNA for the forward-looking scenario of non-viral-based Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies from clinical (200 doses) to commercial (40,000 doses) scale and (2) the commercial (40,000 doses) production of pDNA and lentiviral vectors for the current state-of-the-art viral vector-based CAR T-cell therapies. By applying a systematic global sensitivity analysis, we quantify uncertainty in the manufacturing process and apportion it to key process and economic parameters, highlighting cost drivers and limitations that steer decision-making. The results underline the cost-efficiency and operational flexibility of non-viral-based therapies in the overall C> supply chain, as well as the importance of economies-of-scale in the production of pDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Triantafyllou
- The Sargent Centre for Process Systems Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Miriam Sarkis
- The Sargent Centre for Process Systems Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Nilay Shah
- The Sargent Centre for Process Systems Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Maria M Papathanasiou
- The Sargent Centre for Process Systems Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Cleo Kontoravdi
- The Sargent Centre for Process Systems Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
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2
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Hocharoen L, Noppiboon S, Kitsubun P. Toward QbD Process Understanding on DNA Vaccine Purification Using Design of Experiment. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:657201. [PMID: 34055759 PMCID: PMC8153680 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.657201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA vaccines, the third generation of vaccines, are a promising therapeutic option for many diseases as they offer the customization of their ability on protection and treatment with high stability. The production of DNA vaccines is considered rapid and less complicated compared to others such as mRNA vaccines, viral vaccines, or subunit protein vaccines. However, the main issue for DNA vaccines is how to produce the active DNA, a supercoiled isoform, to comply with the regulations. Our work therefore focuses on gaining a process understanding of the purification step which processes parameters that have impacts on the critical quality attribute (CQA), supercoiled DNA and performance attribute (PA), and step yield. Herein, pVax1/lacZ was used as a model. The process parameters of interest were sample application flow rates and salt concentration at washing step and at elution step in the hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC). Using a Design of Experiment (DoE) with central composite face centered (CCF) approach, 14 experiments plus four additional runs at the center points were created. The response data was used to establish regression predictive models and simulation was conducted in 10,000 runs to provide tolerance intervals of these CQA and PA. The approach of this process understanding can be applied for Quality by Design (QbD) on other DNA vaccines and on a larger production scale as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalintip Hocharoen
- Bioprocess Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), National Biopharmaceutical Facility (NBF), King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sarawuth Noppiboon
- Bioprocess Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), National Biopharmaceutical Facility (NBF), King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Panit Kitsubun
- Biochemical Engineering and System Biology Research Group (IBEG), National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Bangkok, Thailand
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3
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B Carvalho S, Peixoto C, T Carrondo MJ, S Silva RJ. Downstream processing for influenza vaccines and candidates: An update. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:2845-2869. [PMID: 33913510 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal and pandemic influenza outbreaks present severe health and economic burdens. To overcome limitations on influenza vaccines' availability and effectiveness, researchers chase universal vaccines providing broad, long-lasting protection against multiple influenza subtypes, and including pandemic ones. Novel influenza vaccine designs are under development, in clinical trials, or reaching the market, namely inactivated, or live-attenuated virus, virus-like particles, or recombinant antigens, searching for improved effectiveness; all these bring downstream processing (DSP) new challenges. Having to deal with new influenza strains, including pandemics, requires shorter development time, driving the development of faster bioprocesses. To cope with better upstream processes, new regulatory demands for quality and safety, and cost reduction requirements, new unit operations and integrated processes are increasing DSP efficiency for novel vaccine formats. This review covers recent advances in DSP strategies of different influenza vaccine formats. Focus is given to the improvements on relevant state-of-the-art unit operations, from harvest and clarification to purification steps, ending with sterile filtration and formulation. The development of more efficient unit operations to cope with biophysical properties of the new candidates is discussed: emphasis is given to the design of new stationary phases, 3D printing approaches, and continuous processing tools, such as continuous chromatography. The impact of the production platforms and vaccine designs on the downstream operations for the different influenza vaccine formats approved for this season are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia B Carvalho
- Animal Cell Technology Unit, iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal.,Animal Cell Technology Unit, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Cristina Peixoto
- Animal Cell Technology Unit, iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal.,Animal Cell Technology Unit, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Manuel J T Carrondo
- Animal Cell Technology Unit, iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ricardo J S Silva
- Animal Cell Technology Unit, iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal.,Animal Cell Technology Unit, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
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4
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Černigoj U, Štrancar A. Scale-Up of Plasmid DNA Downstream Process Based on Chromatographic Monoliths. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2197:167-192. [PMID: 32827137 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0872-2_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Purification of high-quality plasmid DNA in large quantities is a crucial step in its production for therapeutic use and is usually conducted by different chromatographic techniques. Large-scale preparations require the optimization of yield and homogeneity, while maximizing removal of contaminants and preserving molecular integrity. The advantages of Convective Interaction Media® (CIM®) monolith stationary phases, including low backpressure, fast separation of macromolecules, and flow-rate-independent resolution qualified them to be used effectively in separation of plasmid DNA on laboratory as well as on large scale. A development and scale-up of plasmid DNA downstream process based on chromatographic monoliths is described and discussed below. Special emphasis is put on the introduction of process analytical technology principles and tools for optimization and control of a downstream process.
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5
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Yan J, Morrow MP, Chu JS, Racine T, Reed CC, Khan AS, Broderick KE, Kim JJ, Kobinger GP, Sardesai NY, Weiner DB. Broad cross-protective anti-hemagglutination responses elicited by influenza microconsensus DNA vaccine. Vaccine 2019; 36:3079-3089. [PMID: 29100705 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.09.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite the routine development and distribution of seasonal influenza vaccines, influenza remains an important pathogen contributing to significant human morbidity as well as mortality each year. The seasonal variability of influenza creates a significant issue for vaccine development of seasonal strains that can afford protection from infection or disease based on serotype matching. It is appreciated that the globular head of the HA antigen contained in the vaccines generates antibodies that result in HAI activity that are a major correlates of the protection against a particular strain. Due to seasonal genetic changes in the HA protein, however, new vaccine strains are needed to be developed continually to match the new HA antigen of that seasons virus. A distinct advantage in seasonal vaccine development would be if a small group of antigens could be developed that could span many seasons without needed to be replaced due to this genetic drift. Here we report on a synthetic microconsensus approach that relies on a small collection of 4 synthetic H1HA DNA antigens which together induce broad protective HAI immunity spanning decades of H1 influenza viruses in mice, guinea pigs and non-human primates. The protective HAI titers induced by microconsensus immunogens are fully functional in vivo as immunized ferrets were completely protected from A/Mexico/InDRE4487/2009 virus infection and morbidity associated with lethal challenge. These results are encouraging that a limited easy-to-formulate collection of invariant antigens can be developed which can span seasonal vaccine changes allowing for continued immune protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yan
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc, 660 W. Germantown Pike, Suite 110, Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462, USA
| | - Matthew P Morrow
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc, 660 W. Germantown Pike, Suite 110, Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462, USA
| | - Jaemi S Chu
- The Wistar Institute of Anatomy & Biology, 3601 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Trina Racine
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Charles C Reed
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc, 660 W. Germantown Pike, Suite 110, Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462, USA
| | - Amir S Khan
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc, 660 W. Germantown Pike, Suite 110, Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462, USA
| | - Kate E Broderick
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc, 660 W. Germantown Pike, Suite 110, Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462, USA
| | - J Joseph Kim
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc, 660 W. Germantown Pike, Suite 110, Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462, USA
| | - Gary P Kobinger
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Niranjan Y Sardesai
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc, 660 W. Germantown Pike, Suite 110, Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462, USA
| | - David B Weiner
- The Wistar Institute of Anatomy & Biology, 3601 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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6
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McCoy JR, Mendoza JM, Spik KW, Badger C, Gomez AF, Schmaljohn CS, Sardesai NY, Broderick KE. A multi-head intradermal electroporation device allows for tailored and increased dose DNA vaccine delivery to the skin. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2015; 11:746-54. [PMID: 25839221 DOI: 10.4161/21645515.2014.978223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of an effective and tolerable delivery method is a necessity for the success of DNA vaccines in the clinic. This article describes the development and validation of a multi-headed intradermal electroporation device which would be applicable for delivering multiple DNA vaccine plasmids simultaneously but spatially separated. Reporter gene plasmids expressing green and red fluorescent proteins were used to demonstrate the impact of spatial separation on DNA delivery to increase the number of transfected cells and avoid interference through visible expression patterns. To investigate the impact of plasmid interference on immunogenicity, a disease target was investigated where issues with multi-valent vaccines had been previously described. DNA-based Hantaan and Puumala virus vaccines were delivered separately or as a combination and the effect of multi-valence was determined by appropriate assays. While a negative impact was observed for both antigenic vaccines when delivered together, these effects were mitigated when the vaccine was delivered using the multi-head device. We also demonstrate how the multi-head device facilitates higher dose delivery to the skin resulting in improved immune responses. This new multi-head platform device is an efficient, tolerable and non-invasive method to deliver multiple plasmid DNA constructs simultaneously allowing the tailoring of delivery sites for combination vaccines. Additionally, this device would allow the delivery of multi-plasmid vaccine formulations without risk of impacted immune responses through interference. Such a low-cost, easy to use device platform for the delivery of multi-agent DNA vaccines would have direct applications by the military and healthcare sectors for mass vaccination purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay R McCoy
- a Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc. ; Blue Bell , PA USA
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7
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Broderick KE, Humeau LM. Electroporation-enhanced delivery of nucleic acid vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 14:195-204. [PMID: 25487734 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2015.990890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The naked delivery of nucleic acid vaccines is notoriously inefficient, and an enabling delivery technology is required to direct efficiently these constructs intracellularly. A delivery technology capable of enhancing nucleic acid uptake in both cells in tissues and in culture is electroporation (EP). EP is a physical delivery mechanism that increases the permeability of mammalian cell membranes and allows the trafficking of large macromolecules into the cell. EP has now been used extensively in the clinic and been shown to be an effective method to increase both the uptake of the construct and the breadth and magnitude of the resulting immune responses. Excitingly, 2014 saw the announcement of the first EP-enhanced DNA vaccine Phase II trial demonstrating clinical efficacy. This review seeks to introduce the reader to EP as a technology to enhance the delivery of DNA and RNA vaccines and highlight several published clinical trials using this delivery modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate E Broderick
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc., 660 West Germantown Pike, Suite 110, Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462, USA
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8
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McCoy JR, Mendoza JM, Spik KW, Badger C, Gomez AF, Schmaljohn CS, Sardesai NY, Broderick KE. A multi-head intradermal electroporation device allows for tailored and increased dose DNA vaccine delivery to the skin. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2014; 10:3039-47. [PMID: 25483486 PMCID: PMC5443063 DOI: 10.4161/hv.29671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of an effective and tolerable delivery method is a necessity for the success of DNA vaccines in the clinic. This manuscript describes the development and validation of a multi-headed intradermal electroporation device which would be applicable for delivering multiple DNA vaccine plasmids simultaneously but spatially separated. Reporter gene plasmids expressing green and red fluorescent proteins were used to demonstrate the impact of spatial separation on DNA delivery to increase the number of transfected cells and avoid interference through visible expression patterns. To investigate the impact of plasmid interference on immunogenicity, a disease target was investigated where issues with multi-valent vaccines had been previously described. DNA-based Hantaan and Puumala virus vaccines were delivered separately or as a combination and the effect of multi-valence was determined by appropriate assays. While a negative impact was observed for both antigenic vaccines when delivered together, these effects were mitigated when the vaccine was delivered using the multi-head device. We also demonstrate how the multi-head device facilitates higher dose delivery to the skin resulting in improved immune responses. This new multi-head platform device is an efficient, tolerable and non-invasive method to deliver multiple plasmid DNA constructs simultaneously allowing the tailoring of delivery sites for combination vaccines. Additionally, this device would allow the delivery of multi-plasmid vaccine formulations without risk of impacted immune responses through interference. Such a low-cost, easy to use device platform for the delivery of multi-agent DNA vaccines would have direct applications by the military and healthcare sectors for mass vaccination purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay R McCoy
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc.; Plymouth Meeting, PA USA
| | | | - Kristin W Spik
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases; Fort Detrick, MD USA
| | - Catherine Badger
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases; Fort Detrick, MD USA
| | - Alan F Gomez
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals Inc.; Plymouth Meeting, PA USA
| | - Connie S Schmaljohn
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases; Fort Detrick, MD USA
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9
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Xenopoulos A, Pattnaik P. Production and purification of plasmid DNA vaccines: is there scope for further innovation? Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 13:1537-51. [DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2014.968556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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10
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Yan J, Villarreal DO, Racine T, Chu JS, Walters JN, Morrow MP, Khan AS, Sardesai NY, Kim JJ, Kobinger GP, Weiner DB. Protective immunity to H7N9 influenza viruses elicited by synthetic DNA vaccine. Vaccine 2014; 32:2833-42. [PMID: 24631084 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Despite an intensive vaccine program influenza infections remain a major health problem, due to the viruses' ability to change its envelope glycoprotein hemagglutinin (HA), through shift and drift, permitting influenza to escape protection induced by current vaccines or natural immunity. Recently a new variant, H7N9, has emerged in China causing global concern. First, there have been more than 130 laboratory-confirmed human infections resulting in an alarmingly high death rate (32.3%). Second, genetic changes found in H7N9 appear to be associated with enabling avian influenza viruses to spread more effectively in mammals, thus transmitting infections on a larger scale. Currently, no vaccines or drugs are effectively able to target H7N9. Here, we report the rapid development of a synthetic consensus DNA vaccine (pH7HA) to elicit potent protective immunity against the H7N9 viruses. We show that pH7HA induces broad antibody responses that bind to divergent HAs from multiple new members of the H7N9 family. These antibody responses result in high-titer HAI against H7N9. Simultaneously, this vaccine induces potent polyfunctional effector CD4 and CD8T cell memory responses. Animals vaccinated with pH7HA are completely protected from H7N9 virus infection and any morbidity associated with lethal challenge. This study establishes that this synthetic consensus DNA vaccine represents a new tool for targeting emerging infection, and more importantly, its design, testing and development into seed stock for vaccine production in a few days in the pandemic setting has significant implications for the rapid deployment of vaccines protecting against emerging infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yan
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 1787 Sentry Parkway West, Building 18, Suite 400, Blue Bell, PA 19422, USA
| | - Daniel O Villarreal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Trina Racine
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, Manitoba R2E 3R2, Canada
| | - Jaemi S Chu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jewell N Walters
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Matthew P Morrow
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 1787 Sentry Parkway West, Building 18, Suite 400, Blue Bell, PA 19422, USA
| | - Amir S Khan
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 1787 Sentry Parkway West, Building 18, Suite 400, Blue Bell, PA 19422, USA
| | - Niranjan Y Sardesai
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 1787 Sentry Parkway West, Building 18, Suite 400, Blue Bell, PA 19422, USA
| | - J Joseph Kim
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 1787 Sentry Parkway West, Building 18, Suite 400, Blue Bell, PA 19422, USA
| | - Gary P Kobinger
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, Manitoba R2E 3R2, Canada
| | - David B Weiner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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11
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Gabor B, Černigoj U, Barut M, Štrancar A. Reversible entrapment of plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid on different chromatographic supports. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1311:106-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.08.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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12
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Nelson J, Rodriguez S, Finlayson N, Williams J, Carnes A. Antibiotic-free production of a herpes simplex virus 2 DNA vaccine in a high yield cGMP process. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2013; 9:2211-5. [PMID: 23899469 DOI: 10.4161/hv.25048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Two DNA vaccine plasmids encoding Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) glycoprotein D, NTC8485-O2-gD2 and NTC8485-O2-UgD2tr, were produced at large scale under current good manufacturing practice (cGMP) for use in a Phase I human clinical trial. These DNA vaccines incorporate the regulatory agency compliant, minimal, antibiotic-free (AF) NTC8485 mammalian expression vector. Plasmid yields of>1 g/L were achieved using the HyperGRO™ fed-batch fermentation process, with successful scale up from 10 L process development scale to 320 L culture volume for cGMP production. The DNA vaccines were purified using a low residence time, high shear lysis process and AIRMIX(TM) technology, followed by chromatographic purification. This combination of optimized plasmid vector, high yield upstream production, and efficient downstream purification resulted in purified HSV-2 DNA vaccines with>99% total supercoiled plasmid, ≤ 0.2% RNA, ≤ 0.1% host cell genomic DNA, and ≤ 0.1 endotoxin units per mg.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Neil Finlayson
- Coridon Pty Ltd; Level 3, Translational Research Institute; Woolloongabba, QLD Australia
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13
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van der Heijden I, Gomez-Eerland R, van den Berg JH, Oosterhuis K, Schumacher TN, Haanen JBAG, Beijnen JH, Nuijen B. Transposon leads to contamination of clinical pDNA vaccine. Vaccine 2013; 31:3274-80. [PMID: 23707695 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We report an unexpected contamination during clinical manufacture of a Human Papilomavirus (HPV) 16 E6 encoding plasmid DNA (pDNA) vaccine, with a transposon originating from the Escherichia coli DH5 host cell genome. During processing, presence of this transposable element, insertion sequence 2 (IS2) in the plasmid vector was not noticed until quality control of the bulk pDNA vaccine when results of restriction digestion, sequencing, and CGE analysis were clearly indicative for the presence of a contaminant. Due to the very low level of contamination, only an insert-specific PCR method was capable of tracing back the presence of the transposon in the source pDNA and master cell bank (MCB). Based on the presence of an uncontrolled contamination with unknown clinical relevance, the product was rejected for clinical use. In order to prevent costly rejection of clinical material, both in-process controls and quality control methods must be sensitive enough to detect such a contamination as early as possible, i.e. preferably during plasmid DNA source generation, MCB production and ultimately during upstream processing. However, as we have shown that contamination early in the process development pipeline (source pDNA, MCB) can be present below limits of detection of generally applied analytical methods, the introduction of "engineered" or transposon-free host cells seems the only 100% effective solution to avoid contamination with movable elements and should be considered when searching for a suitable host cell-vector combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- I van der Heijden
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Slotervaart Hospital/The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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14
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Gaspar VM, Cruz C, Queiroz JA, Pichon C, Correia IJ, Sousa F. Sensitive Detection of Peptide–Minicircle DNA Interactions by Surface Plasmon Resonance. Anal Chem 2013; 85:2304-11. [DOI: 10.1021/ac303288x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vítor M. Gaspar
- CICS-UBI - Centro de Investigação
em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Carla Cruz
- CICS-UBI - Centro de Investigação
em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - João A. Queiroz
- CICS-UBI - Centro de Investigação
em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Chantal Pichon
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire
CNRS UPR4301, INSERM and University of Orléans, F-45071 Orléans cedex 2, France
| | - Ilídio J. Correia
- CICS-UBI - Centro de Investigação
em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Fani Sousa
- CICS-UBI - Centro de Investigação
em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
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15
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Nunes JC, Morão AM, Nunes C, Pessoa de Amorim MT, Escobar IC, Queiroz JA. Plasmid DNA recovery from fermentation broths by a combined process of micro- and ultrafiltration: Modeling and application. J Memb Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2012.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Gaspar VM, Correia IJ, Sousa Â, Silva F, Paquete CM, Queiroz JA, Sousa F. Nanoparticle mediated delivery of pure P53 supercoiled plasmid DNA for gene therapy. J Control Release 2011; 156:212-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Revised: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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17
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Bazzani RP, Cai Y, Hebel HL, Hyde SC, Gill DR. The significance of plasmid DNA preparations contaminated with bacterial genomic DNA on inflammatory responses following delivery of lipoplexes to the murine lung. Biomaterials 2011; 32:9854-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.08.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Chunsheng H, Qinglin Z, Yuxin L, Xiaochen C, Yanliang W, Tong Z, Zuze W. A continuous cell alkaline lysis, neutralization, and clarification combination process for production of plasmid pUDK-HGF. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2011; 58:162-5. [PMID: 21679239 DOI: 10.1002/bab.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hu Chunsheng
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, People's Republic of China
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Therapeutic strategies for SLE involving cytokines: mechanism-oriented therapies especially IFN-gamma targeting gene therapy. J Biomed Biotechnol 2010; 2010. [PMID: 20827419 PMCID: PMC2933908 DOI: 10.1155/2010/461641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2010] [Accepted: 06/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE: lupus) is a chronic complicated autoimmune disease and pathogenesis is still unclear. However, key cytokines have been recognized. Interferon (IFN)-γ and also IFNalpha/beta are of particular importance. Depending on the concept that lupus is a helper T(Th)1 disease and that dendritic cells (DCs) determine the direction of lupus, balance shift of Th1/Th2 and immunogenic/tolerogenic DCs is reviewed for therapy. (IFN)-gamma- and IFN-alpha/beta-targeted (gene) therapies are introduced. These consist of Th1/Th2 balance shift and elimination of IFN-gamma and IFN-gamma-related cytokines such as (interleukin)IL-12 and IL-18. Other approaches include suppression of immunocompetent cells, normalization of abnormal T-cell function, costimulation blockade, B lymphocyte stimulator (Blys) blockade, and suppression of nephritic kidney inflammation. Moreover, balance shift of IFN-alpha/beta and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha together with regulatory T(Treg) cells are briefly introduced. Clinical application will be discussed.
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