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Zhang H, Wang H, An Y, Chen Z. Construction and application of adenoviral vectors. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 34:102027. [PMID: 37808925 PMCID: PMC10556817 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Adenoviral vectors have been widely used as vaccine candidates or potential vaccine candidates against infectious diseases due to the convenience of genome manipulation, their ability to accommodate large exogenous gene fragments, easy access of obtaining high-titer of virus, and high efficiency of transduction. At the same time, adenoviral vectors have also been used extensively in clinical research for cancer gene therapy and treatment of diseases caused by a single gene defect. However, application of adenovirus also faces a series of challenges such as poor targeting, strong immune response against the vector itself, and they cannot be used repeatedly. It is believed that these problems will be solved gradually with further research and technological development in related fields. Here, we review the construction methods of adenoviral vectors, including "gutless" adenovirus and discuss application of adenoviral vectors as prophylactic vaccines for infectious pathogens and their application prospects as therapeutic vaccines for cancer and other kinds of chronic infectious disease such as human papillomavirus, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Zhang
- Department of Basic Research, Ab&B Bio-Tech CO., LTD. JS, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongdan Wang
- Department of Basic Research, Ab&B Bio-Tech CO., LTD. JS, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Youcai An
- Department of Basic Research, Ab&B Bio-Tech CO., LTD. JS, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ze Chen
- Department of Basic Research, Ab&B Bio-Tech CO., LTD. JS, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
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2
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CELO Fiber1 Knob Is a Promising Candidate to Modify the Tropism of Adenoviral Vectors. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13122316. [PMID: 36553583 PMCID: PMC9778213 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fowl adenovirus 4 (FAdV-4) has the potential to be constructed as a gene transfer vector for human gene therapy or vaccine development to avoid the pre-existing immunity to human adenoviruses. To enhance the transduction of FAdV-4 to human cells, CELO fiber1 knob (CF1K) was chosen to replace the fiber2 knob in FAdV-4 to generate recombinant virus F2CF1K-CG. The original FAdV4-CG virus transduced 4% human 293 or 1% HEp-2 cells at the multiplicity of infection of 1000 viral particles per cell. In contrast, F2CF1K-CG could transduce 98% 293 or 60% HEp-2 cells under the same conditions. Prokaryotically expressed CF1K protein blocked 50% transduction of F2CF1K-CG to 293 cells at a concentration of 1.3 µg/mL while it only slightly inhibited the infection of human adenovirus 5 (HAdV-5), suggesting CF1K could bind to human cells in a manner different from HAdV-5 fiber. The incorporation of CF1K had no negative effect on the growth of FAdV-4 in the packaging cells. In addition, CF1K-pseudotyped HAdV-41 could transduce HEp-2 and A549 cells more efficiently. These data indicated that CF1K had the priority to be considered when there is a need to modify adenovirus tropism.
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Dulal P, Gharaei R, Berg A, Walters AA, Hawkins N, Claridge TDW, Kowal K, Neill S, Ritchie AJ, Ashfield R, Hill AVS, Tronci G, Russell SJ, Douglas AD. Characterisation of factors contributing to the performance of nonwoven fibrous matrices as substrates for adenovirus vectored vaccine stabilisation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20877. [PMID: 34686689 PMCID: PMC8536692 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00065-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenovirus vectors offer a platform technology for vaccine development. The value of the platform has been proven during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although good stability at 2-8 °C is an advantage of the platform, non-cold-chain distribution would have substantial advantages, in particular in low-income countries. We have previously reported a novel, potentially less expensive thermostabilisation approach using a combination of simple sugars and glass micro-fibrous matrix, achieving excellent recovery of adenovirus-vectored vaccines after storage at temperatures as high as 45 °C. This matrix is, however, prone to fragmentation and so not suitable for clinical translation. Here, we report an investigation of alternative fibrous matrices which might be suitable for clinical use. A number of commercially-available matrices permitted good protein recovery, quality of sugar glass and moisture content of the dried product but did not achieve the thermostabilisation performance of the original glass fibre matrix. We therefore further investigated physical and chemical characteristics of the glass fibre matrix and its components, finding that the polyvinyl alcohol present in the glass fibre matrix assists vaccine stability. This finding enabled us to identify a potentially biocompatible matrix with encouraging performance. We discuss remaining challenges for transfer of the technology into clinical use, including reliability of process performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Dulal
- Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.
| | - Robabeh Gharaei
- grid.9909.90000 0004 1936 8403Clothworkers’ Centre for Textile Materials Innovation for Healthcare, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT UK
| | - Adam Berg
- grid.270683.80000 0004 0641 4511Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN UK
| | - Adam A. Walters
- grid.270683.80000 0004 0641 4511Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN UK
| | - Nicholas Hawkins
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Oxford Silk Group, ABRG, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX2 3RE UK
| | - Tim D. W. Claridge
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA UK
| | - Katarzyna Kowal
- grid.436666.7Nonwovens Innovation and Research Institute Ltd, 169 Meanwood Road, Leeds, LS7 1SR UK
| | - Steven Neill
- grid.436666.7Nonwovens Innovation and Research Institute Ltd, 169 Meanwood Road, Leeds, LS7 1SR UK
| | - Adam J. Ritchie
- grid.270683.80000 0004 0641 4511Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN UK
| | - Rebecca Ashfield
- grid.270683.80000 0004 0641 4511Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN UK
| | - Adrian V. S. Hill
- grid.270683.80000 0004 0641 4511Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN UK
| | - Giuseppe Tronci
- grid.9909.90000 0004 1936 8403Clothworkers’ Centre for Textile Materials Innovation for Healthcare, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT UK
| | - Stephen J. Russell
- grid.9909.90000 0004 1936 8403Clothworkers’ Centre for Textile Materials Innovation for Healthcare, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT UK ,grid.436666.7Nonwovens Innovation and Research Institute Ltd, 169 Meanwood Road, Leeds, LS7 1SR UK
| | - Alexander D. Douglas
- grid.270683.80000 0004 0641 4511Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN UK
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4
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Bajrovic I, Schafer SC, Romanovicz DK, Croyle MA. Novel technology for storage and distribution of live vaccines and other biological medicines at ambient temperature. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaau4819. [PMID: 32181330 PMCID: PMC7056310 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau4819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A novel, thin-film platform that preserves live viruses, bacteria, antibodies, and enzymes without refrigeration for extended periods of time is described. Studies with recombinant adenovirus in an optimized formulation that supports recovery of live virus through 16 freeze-thaw cycles revealed that production of an amorphous solid with a glass transition above room temperature and nitrogen-hydrogen bonding between virus and film components are critical determinants of stability. Administration of live influenza virus in the optimized film by the sublingual and buccal routes induced antibody-mediated immune responses as good as or better than those achieved by intramuscular injection. This work introduces the possibility of improving global access to a variety of medicines by offering a technology capable of reducing costs of production, distribution, and supply chain maintenance.
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MESH Headings
- Adenoviridae/genetics
- Adenoviridae/immunology
- Administration, Buccal
- Administration, Sublingual
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Viral/biosynthesis
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Immunization/methods
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/pathogenicity
- Injections, Intramuscular
- Male
- Membranes, Artificial
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/immunology
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/prevention & control
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/virology
- Preservation, Biological/methods
- Temperature
- Vaccine Potency
- Vaccines, Attenuated/biosynthesis
- Vaccines, Attenuated/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Irnela Bajrovic
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Stephen C. Schafer
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Dwight K. Romanovicz
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Maria A. Croyle
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- LaMontagne Center for Infectious Disease, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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5
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Biophysical virus particle specific characterization to sharpen the definition of virus stability. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 132:62-69. [PMID: 30118752 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Vaccine thermostability is key to successful global immunization programs as it may have a significant impact on the continuous cold-chain maintenance logistics, as well as affect vaccine potency. Modern biological and biophysical techniques were combined to in-depth characterize the thermostability of a formulated rabies virus (RABV) in terms of antigenic and genomic titer, virus particle count and aggregation state. Tunable resistive pulse sensing (TRPS) and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) were used to count virus particles while simultaneously determining their size distribution. RABV antigenicity was assessed by NTA using a monoclonal antibody that recognize a rabies glycoprotein (G protein) conformational epitope, enabling to specifically count antigenic rabies viruses. Agreement between antigenicity results from NTA and conventional method, as ELISA, was demonstrated. Additionally, NTA and ELISA showed mirrored loss of RABV antigenicity during forced degradation studies performed between 5 °C and 45 °C temperature exposure for one month. Concomitant with decreased antigenicity, emergence of RABV particle populations larger than those expected for rabies family viruses was observed, suggesting RABV aggregation induced by thermal stress. Finally, using a kinetic-based modeling approach to explore forced degradation antigenicity data (NTA, ELISA), a two-step model accurately describing antigenicity loss was identified. This model predicted a RABV shelf-life of more than 3 years at 5 °C; significant loss of antigenicity was predicted for samples maintained several months at ambient temperature. This thorough characterization of RABV forced degradation study originally provided a time-temperature mapping of RABV stability.
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6
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Jonsson-Schmunk
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Center for Infectious Disease, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Maria A Croyle
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
- Center for Infectious Disease, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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7
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Jonsson-Schmunk K, Croyle MA. A long-lasting, single-dose nasal vaccine for Ebola: a practical armament for an outbreak with significant global impact. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2015; 13:527-30. [PMID: 25796987 DOI: 10.1586/14787210.2015.1028368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In response to the severity and scale of the 2014 Ebola outbreak, several experimental vaccines were granted fast-track status for clinical testing. Although they may provide long-lasting protection from Ebola, they are, in their current states, far from optimal for populations that need them the most. In this context, nasal immunization addresses the: immune response required at the mucosa where Ebola initiates infection; needs of a population in terms of cost and compliance; and potency of each platform as they contain viruses that naturally infect the respiratory tract. Understanding the attributes of nasal immunization and its application will lead to potent vaccines that can effectively end Ebola and other emerging infectious diseases in developing and industrialized countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Jonsson-Schmunk
- Division of Pharmaceutics, University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, 2409 W University Ave, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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8
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Choi JH, Schafer SC, Freiberg AN, Croyle MA. Bolstering Components of the Immune Response Compromised by Prior Exposure to Adenovirus: Guided Formulation Development for a Nasal Ebola Vaccine. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:2697-711. [PMID: 25549696 PMCID: PMC4525322 DOI: 10.1021/mp5006454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
severity and longevity of the current Ebola outbreak highlight
the need for a fast-acting yet long-lasting vaccine for at-risk populations
(medical personnel and rural villagers) where repeated prime-boost
regimens are not feasible. While recombinant adenovirus (rAd)-based
vaccines have conferred full protection against multiple strains of
Ebola after a single immunization, their efficacy is impaired by pre-existing
immunity (PEI) to adenovirus. To address this important issue, a panel
of formulations was evaluated by an in vitro assay
for their ability to protect rAd from neutralization. An amphiphilic
polymer (F16, FW ∼39,000) significantly improved transgene
expression in the presence of anti-Ad neutralizing antibodies (NAB)
at concentrations of 5 times the 50% neutralizing dose (ND50). In vivo performance of rAd in F16 was compared
with unformulated virus, virus modified with poly(ethylene) glycol
(PEG), and virus incorporated into poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) polymeric beads. Histochemical analysis of
lung tissue revealed that F16 promoted strong levels of transgene
expression in naive mice and those that were exposed to adenovirus
in the nasal cavity 28 days prior to immunization. Multiparameter
flow cytometry revealed that F16 induced significantly more polyfunctional
antigen-specific CD8+ T cells simultaneously producing
IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-α than other test formulations. These
effects were not compromised by PEI. Data from formulations that provided
partial protection from challenge consistently identified specific
immunological requirements necessary for protection. This approach
may be useful for development of formulations for other vaccine platforms
that also employ ubiquitous pathogens as carriers like the influenza
virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Huk Choi
- †Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Stephen C Schafer
- †Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Alexander N Freiberg
- ‡Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Maria A Croyle
- †Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States.,§Center for Infectious Disease, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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Capone S, D'Alise AM, Ammendola V, Colloca S, Cortese R, Nicosia A, Folgori A. Development of chimpanzee adenoviruses as vaccine vectors: challenges and successes emerging from clinical trials. Expert Rev Vaccines 2013; 12:379-93. [PMID: 23560919 DOI: 10.1586/erv.13.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Replication-defective chimpanzee adenovirus vectors are emerging as a promising new class of genetic vaccine carriers. Chimpanzee adenovirus vectors have now reached the clinical stage and appear to be endowed with all the properties needed for human vaccine development, including high quality and magnitude of the immune response induced against the encoded antigens, good safety and ease of manufacturing on a large-scale basis. Here the authors review the recent findings of this novel class of adenovirus vectors and compare their properties to other clinical stage vaccine vectors derived from poxvirus, alphavirus and human adenovirus.
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Liu J, Hogan NC, Hunter IW. Intradermal needle-free powdered drug injection by a helium-powered device. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2013; 2012:2068-71. [PMID: 23366327 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2012.6346366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We present a new method for needle-free powdered drug injection via a bench-top gas-powered device. This injector provides an alternative method of vaccine delivery to address the cold chain problem--the cost and risk of transporting temperature sensitive vaccines to developing countries. The device houses interchangeable nozzle inserts to vary orifice geometries and is capable of delivering polymer beads (1-5 µm diameter) into the dermal layer of porcine tissue. Results for injection shape and injection depth versus nozzle orifice diameter demonstrate the device's controllability.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Liu
- Bioinstrumentation Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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11
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Djupesland PG. Nasal drug delivery devices: characteristics and performance in a clinical perspective-a review. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2013; 3:42-62. [PMID: 23316447 PMCID: PMC3539067 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-012-0108-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Nasal delivery is the logical choice for topical treatment of local diseases in the nose and paranasal sinuses such as allergic and non-allergic rhinitis and sinusitis. The nose is also considered an attractive route for needle-free vaccination and for systemic drug delivery, especially when rapid absorption and effect are desired. In addition, nasal delivery may help address issues related to poor bioavailability, slow absorption, drug degradation, and adverse events in the gastrointestinal tract and avoids the first-pass metabolism in the liver. However, when considering nasal delivery devices and mechanisms, it is important to keep in mind that the prime purpose of the nasal airway is to protect the delicate lungs from hazardous exposures, not to serve as a delivery route for drugs and vaccines. The narrow nasal valve and the complex convoluted nasal geometry with its dynamic cyclic physiological changes provide efficient filtration and conditioning of the inspired air, enhance olfaction, and optimize gas exchange and fluid retention during exhalation. However, the potential hurdles these functional features impose on efficient nasal drug delivery are often ignored. With this background, the advantages and limitations of existing and emerging nasal delivery devices and dispersion technologies are reviewed with focus on their clinical performance. The role and limitations of the in vitro testing in the FDA guidance for nasal spray pumps and pressurized aerosols (pressurized metered-dose inhalers) with local action are discussed. Moreover, the predictive value and clinical utility of nasal cast studies and computer simulations of nasal airflow and deposition with computer fluid dynamics software are briefly discussed. New and emerging delivery technologies and devices with emphasis on Bi-Directional™ delivery, a novel concept for nasal delivery that can be adapted to a variety of dispersion technologies, are described in more depth.
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12
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13
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Kramberger P, Ciringer M, Štrancar A, Peterka M. Evaluation of nanoparticle tracking analysis for total virus particle determination. Virol J 2012; 9:265. [PMID: 23140220 PMCID: PMC3503628 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-9-265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The NanoSight LM10 with Nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) software was evaluated for the quantification of latex particles, adenovirus 5, and influenza virus. The inter-day variability was determined by measuring the same sample over several consecutive days and the method’s accuracy was demonstrated by using known concentrations of the subject particles. NTA analysis was also used to quantify chromatographic fractions of adenovirus and influenza virus after purification on a CIM monolithic column. NTA results were compared and evaluated against hemagglutination (HA) and end point dilution assay, determining total and infection virus particle number, respectively. The results demonstrated that nanoparticle tracking analysis is a method for fast estimation of virus concentration in different samples. In addition, it can provide a better insight into the sample status, regarding the level of virus aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Kramberger
- BIA Separations, d,o,o, Mirce 21, SI-5270, Ajdovščina, Slovenia.
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14
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Zeng Q, Han J, Zhao D, Gong T, Zhang Z, Sun X. Protection of adenovirus from neutralizing antibody by cationic PEG derivative ionically linked to adenovirus. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:985-97. [PMID: 22412299 PMCID: PMC3299205 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s27526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The generation of anti-adenovirus neutralizing antibody (NAb) in humans severely restricts the utilization of recombinant adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) vectors in gene therapy for a wide range of clinical trials. To overcome this limitation, we ionically complexed Ad5 with a newly synthesized copolymer, which we called APC, making an adenovirus shielded from NAb. Methods APC, a cationic polyethylene glycol derivative, was synthesized via two steps of ring-opening copolymerization of ethylene oxide and allyl glycidyl ether, followed by the addition of 2-mercaptoethylamine. The copolymer or the control PEI-2k was ionically complexed to anionic Ad5 in 5% glucose, and in vitro transduction assays were carried out in coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor-positive cells (A549) and coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor-negative cells (B16 and SKOV3). The physical properties and morphology of adenovirus alone or the complexes were investigated respectively by zeta potential, size distribution, and transmission electron microscopy image. Then cytotoxicity of APC was examined using 3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assays. Finally, the ability of APC to protect adenovirus from NAb was evaluated by transfection assays after a neutralizing effect. Results APC was successfully synthesized and showed a low cytotoxicity. Positively charged Ad5/APC exhibited slightly increased diameter (130.2 ± 0.60 nm) than naked Ad5 (115.6 ± 5.46 nm) while Ad5/PEI-2k showed severe aggregation (1382 ± 79.9 nm). Ad5/APC achieved a gene transfection level as high as Ad5/PEI-2k in A549 or B16 cells, and significantly higher than Ad5/PEI-2k in SKOV3 cells. Most importantly, after the exposure to the neutralizing antibody, naked Ad5 and Ad5/PEI-2k exhibited poor gene expression while Ad5/APC still showed significantly efficient gene expression. Conclusion Our results demonstrated that Ad5/APC complex offered good protection for Ad5 against NAb in vitro and suggested a potential strategy of resistance to NAb in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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15
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Chen S, Guo D, Guo B, Liu J, Shen Y, Xu X, Huang W, Guo S. Investigation on formulation and preparation of adenovirus encoding human endostatin lyophilized powders. Int J Pharm 2012; 427:145-52. [PMID: 22234038 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2011] [Revised: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
A recombinant adenovirus encoding human endostatin gene, E10A, has finished phase II trials for head and neck cancer. However, the rigid storage temperature (-80°C) and the toxicity of glycerol in the E10A liquid preparation limited its clinical application. In this study, lyophilization was applied to develop a stable E10A lyophilized powder without glycerol that is able to maintain biological activity at 4°C and suitable for intravenous administration. The E10A lyophilized formulations composed of nontoxic and already clinically used excipients were characterized in terms of the pH change during freezing, the eutectic melting temperature (T(eu)) and the collapse temperature (T(c)). Freeze thawing tests were carried out to examine the protective effect of various excipients during freezing. Mannitol and its combinations with sucrose or inulin showed effective protection of E10A. The E10A lyophilized powders were analyzed by particle size measurement, residual humidity quantification, infectivity assay and gene expression level. An optimized formulation (formulation I1) yielded a good recovery of 76% of the starting infectivity after lyophilization and 89% of the original infectivity after storage at 4°C for 180 days. Also the gene expression capability of E10A in formulation I1 was maintained after lyophilization. In addition, it was found that the matrix of amorphous excipients, mannitol combinations with sucrose or inulin, was indispensible in protecting E10A against the stress of freezing and dehydration. Hereby, the E10A lyophilized powder with eliminated glycerol toxicity and improved stability could enhance the applicability of E10A for cancer gene therapy through intravenous administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangning Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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