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Pirovich DB, Da'dara AA, Skelly PJ. GLYCOLYTIC ENZYMES AS VACCINES AGAINST SCHISTOSOMIASIS: TESTING SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI PHOSPHOGLYCERATE MUTASE IN MICE. J Parasitol 2024; 110:96-105. [PMID: 38466806 DOI: 10.1645/23-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a globally burdensome parasitic disease caused by flatworms (blood flukes) in the genus Schistosoma. The current standard treatment for schistosomiasis is the drug praziquantel, but there is an urgent need to advance novel interventions such as vaccines. Several glycolytic enzymes have been evaluated as vaccine targets for schistosomiasis, and data from these studies are reviewed here. Although these parasites are canonically considered to be intracellular, proteomic analysis has revealed that many schistosome glycolytic enzymes are additionally found at the host-interactive surface. We have recently found that the intravascular stage of Schistosoma mansoni (Sm) expresses the glycolytic enzyme phosphoglycerate mutase (PGM) on the tegumental surface. Live parasites display PGM activity, and suppression of PGM gene expression by RNA interference diminishes surface enzyme activity. Recombinant SmPGM (rSmPGM) can cleave its glycolytic substrate, 3-phosphoglycerate and can both bind to plasminogen and promote its conversion to an active form (plasmin) in vitro, suggesting a moonlighting role for this enzyme in regulating thrombosis in vivo. We found that antibodies in sera from chronically infected mice recognize rSmPGM. We also tested the protective efficacy of rSmPGM as a vaccine in the murine model. Although immunization generates high titers of anti-SmPGM antibodies (against both recombinant and native SmPGM), no significant differences in worm numbers were found between vaccinated and control animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Pirovich
- Molecular Helminthology Laboratory, Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts 01536
| | - Akram A Da'dara
- Molecular Helminthology Laboratory, Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts 01536
| | - Patrick J Skelly
- Molecular Helminthology Laboratory, Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts 01536
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Pirovich DB, Da’dara AA, Skelly PJ. Multifunctional Fructose 1,6-Bisphosphate Aldolase as a Therapeutic Target. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:719678. [PMID: 34458323 PMCID: PMC8385298 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.719678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase is a ubiquitous cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the fourth step of glycolysis. Aldolases are classified into three groups: Class-I, Class-IA, and Class-II; all classes share similar structural features but low amino acid identity. Apart from their conserved role in carbohydrate metabolism, aldolases have been reported to perform numerous non-enzymatic functions. Here we review the myriad "moonlighting" functions of this classical enzyme, many of which are centered on its ability to bind to an array of partner proteins that impact cellular scaffolding, signaling, transcription, and motility. In addition to the cytosolic location, aldolase has been found the extracellular surface of several pathogenic bacteria, fungi, protozoans, and metazoans. In the extracellular space, the enzyme has been reported to perform virulence-enhancing moonlighting functions e.g., plasminogen binding, host cell adhesion, and immunomodulation. Aldolase's importance has made it both a drug target and vaccine candidate. In this review, we note the several inhibitors that have been synthesized with high specificity for the aldolases of pathogens and cancer cells and have been shown to inhibit classical enzyme activity and moonlighting functions. We also review the many trials in which recombinant aldolases have been used as vaccine targets against a wide variety of pathogenic organisms including bacteria, fungi, and metazoan parasites. Most of such trials generated significant protection from challenge infection, correlated with antigen-specific cellular and humoral immune responses. We argue that refinement of aldolase antigen preparations and expansion of immunization trials should be encouraged to promote the advancement of promising, protective aldolase vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B. Pirovich
- Molecular Helminthology Laboratory, Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, United States
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Analysis of codon usage pattern in the viral proteins of chicken anaemia virus and its possible biological relevance. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 69:93-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Dai Y, Zhao S, Tang J, Xing Y, Qu G, Dai J, Jin X, Wang X. Evaluation of protective efficacy induced by different heterologous prime-boost strategies encoding triosephosphate isomerase against Schistosoma japonicum in mice. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:111. [PMID: 28241779 PMCID: PMC5330126 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2036-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In China, schistosomiasis japonica is a predominant zoonotic disease, and animal reservoir hosts in the environment largely sustain infections. The development of transmission-blocking veterinary vaccines is urgently needed for the prevention and efficient control of schistosomiasis. Heterologous prime-boost strategy is more effective than traditional vaccination and homologous prime-boost strategies against multiple pathogens infection. In the present study, to further improve protective efficacy, we immunized mice with three types of heterologous prime-boost combinations based on our previously constructed vaccines that encode triosphate isomerase of Schistosoma japonicum, tested the specific immune responses, and evaluated the protective efficacy through challenge infection in mice. METHODS DNA vaccine (pcDNA3.1-SjTPI.opt), adenoviral vectored vaccine (rAdV-SjTPI.opt), and recombinant protein vaccine (rSjTPI) were prepared and three types of heterologous prime-boost combinations, including DNA i.m. priming-rAdV i.m. boosting, rAdV i.m. priming-rAdV s.c. boosting, and rAdV i.m. priming-rSjTPI boosting strategies, were carried out. The specific immune responses and protective efficacies were evaluated in BALB/c mice RESULTS: Results show that different immune profiles and various levels of protective efficacy were elicited by using different heterologous prime-boost combinations. A synergistic effect was observed using the DNA i.m. priming-rAdV i.m. boosting strategy; however, its protective efficacy was similar to that of rAdV i.m. immunization. Conversely, an antagonistic effect was generated by using the rAd i.m. priming-s.c. boosting strategy. However, the strategy, with rAdV i.m. priming- rSjTPI s.c. boosting, generated the most optimal protective efficacy and worm or egg reduction rate reaching up to 70% in a mouse model. CONCLUSIONS A suitable immunization strategy, rAdV i.m. priming-rSjTPI boosting strategy, was developed, which elicits a high level of protective efficacy against Schistosoma japonicum infection in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Dai
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214064, People's Republic of China. .,Public Health Research Center, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Song Zhao
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214064, People's Republic of China.,Public Health Research Center, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxia Tang
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214064, People's Republic of China.,Public Health Research Center, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuntian Xing
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214064, People's Republic of China.,Public Health Research Center, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoli Qu
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214064, People's Republic of China.,Public Health Research Center, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianrong Dai
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214064, People's Republic of China.,Public Health Research Center, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolin Jin
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214064, People's Republic of China.,Public Health Research Center, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoting Wang
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214064, People's Republic of China. .,Public Health Research Center, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214122, People's Republic of China.
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Tebeje BM, Harvie M, You H, Loukas A, McManus DP. Schistosomiasis vaccines: where do we stand? Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:528. [PMID: 27716365 PMCID: PMC5045607 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1799-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis, caused mainly by S. mansoni, S. haematobium and S. japonicum, continues to be a serious tropical disease and public health problem resulting in an unacceptably high level of morbidity in countries where it is endemic. Praziquantel, the only drug currently available for treatment, is unable to kill developing schistosomes, it does not prevent re-infection and its continued extensive use may result in the future emergence of drug-resistant parasites. This scenario provides impetus for the development and deployment of anti-schistosome vaccines to be used as part of an integrated approach for the prevention, control and eventual elimination of schistosomiasis. This review considers the present status of candidate vaccines for schistosomiasis, and provides some insight on future vaccine discovery and design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biniam Mathewos Tebeje
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia. .,School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. .,Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
| | - Marina Harvie
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Hong You
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Alex Loukas
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia
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Zhang W, Luo X, Zhang F, Zhu Y, Yang B, Hou M, Xu Z, Yu C, Chen Y, Chen L, Ji M. SjTat-TPI facilitates adaptive T-cell responses and reduces hepatic pathology during Schistosoma japonicum infection in BALB/c mice. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:664. [PMID: 26714844 PMCID: PMC4696208 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-1275-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Schistosomiasis is a kind of parasitic zoonoses which causes serious damage to public health and social development. China is one of the countries most affected by Schistosoma japonicum and an effective vaccine is still needed. In this study, we adopted Tat-mediated protein transduction technology to investigate the impact of different antigen presented approaches on host’s immune response and the potential protection against Schistosoma japonicum infection. Results We successfully constructed the recombinant S. japonicum triosephosphate isomerase, Tat-TPI, as a vaccine candidate. Whether injected with Tat-TPI in foot pad or vaccinated with Tat-TPI in the back subcutaneously for three times, the draining popliteal lymph nodes and spleen both developed a stronger CD8+T response (Tc1) in mice. Not only that, but it also helped CD4+T cells to produce more IFN-γ than TPI immunisation. In addition, it could boost IgG production, especially IgG1 subclass. Most importantly, Tat-TPI immunisation led to the significant smaller area of a single egg granuloma in the livers as compared with TPI-vaccinated or control groups. However, the anti-infection efficiency induced by Tat-TPI was still restricted. Conclusion This study indicated that immunisation with Tat-fused TPI could contribute to enhance CD4+T-cell response and decrease hepatic egg granulomatous area after S. japonicum infection though it did not achieve our expected protection against Schistosoma japonicum infection. The optimal vaccine strategy warrants further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyue Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Luo
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China.
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China.
| | - Yuxiao Zhu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China.
| | - Bingya Yang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China. .,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China.
| | - Min Hou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China.
| | - Zhipeng Xu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China. .,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China.
| | - Chuanxin Yu
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214064, China.
| | - Yingying Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China.
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China. .,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China.
| | - Minjun Ji
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China. .,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, China.
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Abstract
In the two decades since their initial discovery, DNA vaccines technologies have come a long way. Unfortunately, when applied to human subjects inadequate immunogenicity is still the biggest challenge for practical DNA vaccine use. Many different strategies have been tested in preclinical models to address this problem, including novel plasmid vectors and codon optimization to enhance antigen expression, new gene transfection systems or electroporation to increase delivery efficiency, protein or live virus vector boosting regimens to maximise immune stimulation, and formulation of DNA vaccines with traditional or molecular adjuvants. Better understanding of the mechanisms of action of DNA vaccines has also enabled better use of the intrinsic host response to DNA to improve vaccine immunogenicity. This review summarizes recent advances in DNA vaccine technologies and related intracellular events and how these might impact on future directions of DNA vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- a Vaxine Pty Ltd, Bedford Park , Adelaide , Australia.,b Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology , Flinders University, Flinders Medical Centre , Adelaide , SA , Australia
| | - Nikolai Petrovsky
- a Vaxine Pty Ltd, Bedford Park , Adelaide , Australia.,b Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology , Flinders University, Flinders Medical Centre , Adelaide , SA , Australia
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Wedrychowicz H. Antiparasitic DNA vaccines in 21st century. Acta Parasitol 2015; 60:179-89. [PMID: 26203983 PMCID: PMC7088677 DOI: 10.1515/ap-2015-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Demands for effective vaccines to control parasitic diseases of humans and livestock have been recently exacerbated by the development of resistance of most pathogenic parasites to anti-parasitic drugs. Novel genomic and proteomic technologies have provided opportunities for the discovery and improvement of DNA vaccines which are relatively easy as well as cheap to fabricate and stable at room temperatures. However, their main limitation is rather poor immunogenicity, which makes it necessary to couple the antigens with adjuvant molecules. This paper review recent advances in the development of DNA vaccines to some pathogenic protozoa and helminths. Numerous studies were conducted over the past 14 years of 21st century, employing various administration techniques, adjuvants and new immunogenic antigens to increase efficacy of DNA vaccines. Unfortunately, the results have not been rewarding. Further research is necessary using more extensive combinations of antigens; alternate delivery systems and more efficient adjuvants based on knowledge of the immunomodulatory capacities of parasitic protozoa and helminths.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Disease Transmission, Infectious/prevention & control
- Drug Discovery/trends
- Helminthiasis/immunology
- Helminthiasis/prevention & control
- Helminthiasis/transmission
- Helminthiasis, Animal/immunology
- Helminthiasis, Animal/prevention & control
- Helminthiasis, Animal/transmission
- Humans
- Protozoan Infections/immunology
- Protozoan Infections/prevention & control
- Protozoan Infections/transmission
- Protozoan Infections, Animal/immunology
- Protozoan Infections, Animal/prevention & control
- Protozoan Infections, Animal/transmission
- Vaccines, DNA/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, DNA/immunology
- Vaccines, DNA/isolation & purification
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Affiliation(s)
- Halina Wedrychowicz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, W. Stefański Institute Parasitology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 51/55 Twarda St., 00-818 Warsaw, Poland
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Enhancement of protective efficacy through adenoviral vectored vaccine priming and protein boosting strategy encoding triosephosphate isomerase (SjTPI) against Schistosoma japonicum in mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120792. [PMID: 25793406 PMCID: PMC4368607 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Schistosomiasis japonica is a zoonotic parasitic disease; developing transmission blocking veterinary vaccines are urgently needed for the prevention and control of schistosomiasis in China. Heterologous prime-boost strategy, a novel vaccination approach, is more effective in enhancing vaccine efficacy against multiple pathogens. In the present study, we established a novel heterologous prime-boost vaccination strategy, the rAdV-SjTPI.opt intramuscular priming and rSjTPI subcutaneous boosting strategy, and evaluated its protective efficacy against Schistosoma japonicum in mice. Methodology/Principal Findings Adenoviral vectored vaccine (rAdV-SjTPI.opt) and recombinant protein vaccine (rSjTPI) were prepared and used in different combinations as vaccines in a mouse model. The specific immune responses and protective efficacies were evaluated. Furthermore, the longevity of protective efficacy was also determined. Results showed that the rAdV-SjTPI.opt priming-rSjTPI boosting strategy elicited higher levels of specific IgG responses and broad-spectrum specific cellular immune responses. The protective efficacy could reach up to nearly 70% and 50% of protection could be observed at 10 weeks after the last immunization in mice. Conclusions/Significance The rAdV-SjTPI.opt intramuscular priming-rSjTPI subcutaneous boosting vaccination strategy is a novel, highly efficient, and stable approach to developing vaccines against Schistosoma japonicum infections in China.
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Construction and evaluation of replication-defective recombinant optimized triosephosphate isomerase adenoviral vaccination in Schistosoma japonicum challenged mice. Vaccine 2014; 32:771-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Zinsser VL, Farnell E, Dunne DW, Timson DJ. Triose phosphate isomerase from the blood flukeSchistosoma mansoni: Biochemical characterisation of a potential drug and vaccine target. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:3422-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Saber M, Diab T, Hammam O, Karim A, Medhat A, Khela M, El-Dabaa E. Protective and anti-pathology effects of Sm fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase-based DNA vaccine against schistosoma mansoni by changing route of injection. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2013; 51:155-63. [PMID: 23710082 PMCID: PMC3662058 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2013.51.2.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2012] [Revised: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of fructose-1,6-bis phosphate aldolase (SMALDO) DNA vaccination against Schistosoma mansoni infection using different routes of injection. The SMALDO has been cloned into the eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1/V5-His TOPO-TA and was used in injecting Swiss albino mice intramuscularly (IM), subcutaneously (SC), or intraperitoneally (IP) (50 µg/mouse). Mice vaccinated with non-recombinant pcDNA3.1 served as controls. Each group was immunized 4 times at weeks 0, 2, 4, and 6. Two weeks after the last booster dose, all mice groups were infected with 80 S. mansoni cercariae via tail immersion. At week 8 post-infection, animals were sacrificed for assessment of parasitological and histopathological parameters. High anti-SMALDO IgG antibody titers were detected in sera of all vaccinated groups (P<0.01) compared to the control group. Both the IP and SC vaccination routes resulted in a significant reduction in worm burden (46.2% and 28.9%, respectively, P<0.01). This was accompanied by a significant reduction in hepatic and intestinal egg counts (41.7% and 40.2%, respectively, P<0.01) in the IP group only. The number of dead eggs was significantly increased in both IP and IM groups (P<0.01). IP vaccination recorded the highest significant reduction in granuloma number and diameter (54.7% and 29.2%, respectively, P<0.01) and significant increase in dead miracidia (P<0.01). In conclusion, changing the injection route of SMALDO DNA vaccination significantly influenced the efficacy of vaccination. SMALDO DNA vaccination via IP route could be a promising protective and anti-pathology vaccine candidate against S. mansoni infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Saber
- Biochemistry Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
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Gene gun bombardment with DNA-coated golden particles enhanced the protective effect of a DNA vaccine based on thioredoxin glutathione reductase of Schistosoma japonicum. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2012; 2013:952416. [PMID: 23509820 PMCID: PMC3591203 DOI: 10.1155/2013/952416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Revised: 08/19/2012] [Accepted: 09/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis, caused by infection with Schistosoma species, remains an important parasitic zoonosis. Thioredoxin glutathione reductase of Schistosoma japonicum (SjTGR) plays an important role in the development of the parasite and for its survival. Here we present a recombinant plasmid DNA vaccine, pVAX1/SjTGR, to estimate its protection against S. japonicum in BALB/c mice. The DNA vaccine administrated by particle bombardment induced higher protection than by intramuscular injection. All animals vaccinated with pVAX1/SjTGR developed significant specific anti-SjTGR antibodies than control groups. Moreover, animals immunized by gene gun exhibited a splenocyte proliferative response, with an increase in IFN-γ and IL-4. The recombinant plasmid administrated by gene gun achieved a medium protective efficacy of 27.83–38.83% (P < 0.01) of worm reduction and 40.38–44.51% (P < 0.01) of liver egg count reduction. It suggests that different modes of administering a DNA vaccine can influence the protective efficacy induced by the vaccine. Interestingly, from the enzymatic activity results, we found that worms obtained from pVAX1/SjTGR-vaccinated animals expressed lower enzymatic activity than the control group and the antibodies weakened the enzymatic activity of SjTGR in vitro, too. It implies that the high-level antibodies may contribute to the protective effects.
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Ray D, Nelson TA, Fu CL, Patel S, Gong DN, Odegaard JI, Hsieh MH. Transcriptional profiling of the bladder in urogenital schistosomiasis reveals pathways of inflammatory fibrosis and urothelial compromise. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2012; 6:e1912. [PMID: 23209855 PMCID: PMC3510078 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Urogenital schistosomiasis, chronic infection by Schistosoma haematobium, affects 112 million people worldwide. S. haematobium worm oviposition in the bladder wall leads to granulomatous inflammation, fibrosis, and egg expulsion into the urine. Despite the global impact of urogenital schistosomiasis, basic understanding of the associated pathologic mechanisms has been incomplete due to the lack of suitable animal models. We leveraged our recently developed mouse model of urogenital schistosomiasis to perform the first-ever profiling of the early molecular events that occur in the bladder in response to the introduction of S. haematobium eggs. Microarray analysis of bladders revealed rapid, differential transcription of large numbers of genes, peaking three weeks post-egg administration. Many differentially transcribed genes were related to the canonical Type 2 anti-schistosomal immune response, as reflected by the development of egg-based bladder granulomata. Numerous collagen and metalloproteinase genes were differentially transcribed over time, revealing complex remodeling and fibrosis of the bladder that was confirmed by Masson's Trichrome staining. Multiple genes implicated in carcinogenesis pathways, including vascular endothelial growth factor-, oncogene-, and mammary tumor-related genes, were differentially transcribed in egg-injected bladders. Surprisingly, junctional adhesion molecule, claudin and uroplakin genes, key components for maintaining the urothelial barrier, were globally suppressed after bladder exposure to eggs. This occurred in the setting of urothelial hyperplasia and egg shedding in urine. Thus, S. haematobium egg expulsion is associated with intricate modulation of the urothelial barrier on the cellular and molecular level. Taken together, our findings have important implications for understanding host-parasite interactions and carcinogenesis in urogenital schistosomiasis, and may provide clues for novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debalina Ray
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Tyrrell A. Nelson
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Chi-Ling Fu
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Shailja Patel
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Diana N. Gong
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Justin I. Odegaard
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Michael H. Hsieh
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
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15
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Li L, Saade F, Petrovsky N. The future of human DNA vaccines. J Biotechnol 2012; 162:171-82. [PMID: 22981627 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2012.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
DNA vaccines have evolved greatly over the last 20 years since their invention, but have yet to become a competitive alternative to conventional protein or carbohydrate based human vaccines. Whilst safety concerns were an initial barrier, the Achilles heel of DNA vaccines remains their poor immunogenicity when compared to protein vaccines. A wide variety of strategies have been developed to optimize DNA vaccine immunogenicity, including codon optimization, genetic adjuvants, electroporation and sophisticated prime-boost regimens, with each of these methods having its advantages and limitations. Whilst each of these methods has contributed to incremental improvements in DNA vaccine efficacy, more is still needed if human DNA vaccines are to succeed commercially. This review foresees a final breakthrough in human DNA vaccines will come from application of the latest cutting-edge technologies, including "epigenetics" and "omics" approaches, alongside traditional techniques to improve immunogenicity such as adjuvants and electroporation, thereby overcoming the current limitations of DNA vaccines in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Vaxine Pty Ltd, Bedford Park, Adelaide 5042, Australia
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16
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Rochard A, Scherman D, Bigey P. Genetic immunization with plasmid DNA mediated by electrotransfer. Hum Gene Ther 2011; 22:789-98. [PMID: 21631165 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2011.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of DNA immunization was first advanced in the early 1990s, but was not developed because of an initial lack of efficiency. Recent technical advances in plasmid design and gene delivery techniques have allowed renewed interest in the idea. Particularly, a better understanding of genetic immunization has led to construction of optimized plasmids and the use of efficient molecular adjuvants. The field also took great advantage of new delivery techniques such as electrotransfer. This is a simple physical technique consisting of injecting plasmid DNA into a target tissue and applying an electric field, allowing up to a thousandfold more expression of the transgene than naked DNA. DNA immunization mediated by electrotransfer is now effective in a variety of preclinical models against infectious or acquired diseases such as cancer or autoimmune diseases, and is making its way through the clinics in several ongoing phase I human clinical trials. This review will briefly describe genetic immunization mediated by electrotransfer and the main fields of application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Rochard
- Unité de Pharmacologie Chimique et Génétique et d'Imagerie, CNRS, UMR8151, Paris, F-75006 France
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17
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Suguitan AL, Cheng X, Wang W, Wang S, Jin H, Lu S. Influenza H5 hemagglutinin DNA primes the antibody response elicited by the live attenuated influenza A/Vietnam/1203/2004 vaccine in ferrets. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21942. [PMID: 21760928 PMCID: PMC3132217 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Priming immunization plays a key role in protecting individuals or populations to influenza viruses that are novel to humans. To identify the most promising vaccine priming strategy, we have evaluated different prime-boost regimens using inactivated, DNA and live attenuated vaccines in ferrets. Live attenuated influenza A/Vietnam/1203/2004 (H5N1) candidate vaccine (LAIV, VN04 ca) primed ferrets efficiently while inactivated H5N1 vaccine could not prime the immune response in seronegative ferrets unless an adjuvant was used. However, the H5 HA DNA vaccine alone was as successful as an adjuvanted inactivated VN04 vaccine in priming the immune response to VN04 ca virus. The serum antibody titers of ferrets primed with H5 HA DNA followed by intranasal vaccination of VN04 ca virus were comparable to that induced by two doses of VN04 ca virus. Both LAIV-LAIV and DNA-LAIV vaccine regimens could induce antibody responses that cross-neutralized antigenically distinct H5N1 virus isolates including A/HongKong/213/2003 (HK03) and prevented nasal infection of HK03 vaccine virus. Thus, H5 HA DNA vaccination may offer an alternative option for pandemic preparedness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xing Cheng
- MedImmune, Mountain View, California, United States of America
| | - Weijia Wang
- MedImmune, Mountain View, California, United States of America
| | - Shixia Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hong Jin
- MedImmune, Mountain View, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Shan Lu
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
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