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Workman AM, Heaton MP, Vander Ley BL, Webster DA, Sherry L, Bostrom JR, Larson S, Kalbfleisch TS, Harhay GP, Jobman EE, Carlson DF, Sonstegard TS. First gene-edited calf with reduced susceptibility to a major viral pathogen. PNAS NEXUS 2023; 2:pgad125. [PMID: 37181049 PMCID: PMC10167990 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is one of the most important viruses affecting the health and well-being of bovine species throughout the world. Here, we used CRISPR-mediated homology-directed repair and somatic cell nuclear transfer to produce a live calf with a six amino acid substitution in the BVDV binding domain of bovine CD46. The result was a gene-edited calf with dramatically reduced susceptibility to infection as measured by reduced clinical signs and the lack of viral infection in white blood cells. The edited calf has no off-target edits and appears normal and healthy at 20 months of age without obvious adverse effects from the on-target edit. This precision bred, proof-of-concept animal provides the first evidence that intentional genome alterations in the CD46 gene may reduce the burden of BVDV-associated diseases in cattle and is consistent with our stepwise, in vitro and ex vivo experiments with cell lines and matched fetal clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aspen M Workman
- US Meat Animal Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), 844 Road 313 Clay Center, NE 68933, USA
| | - Michael P Heaton
- US Meat Animal Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), 844 Road 313 Clay Center, NE 68933, USA
| | - Brian L Vander Ley
- Great Plains Veterinary Educational Center, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, 820 Road 313 Clay Center, NE 68933, USA
| | - Dennis A Webster
- Recombinetics Inc., 3388 Mike Collins Drive, Eagan, MN 55121, USA
| | - Luke Sherry
- Recombinetics Inc., 3388 Mike Collins Drive, Eagan, MN 55121, USA
| | | | - Sabreena Larson
- Acceligen Inc., 3388 Mike Collins Drive, Eagan, MN 55121, USA
| | - Theodore S Kalbfleisch
- Department of Veterinary Science, Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, 1400 Nicholasville Rd Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Gregory P Harhay
- US Meat Animal Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), 844 Road 313 Clay Center, NE 68933, USA
| | - Erin E Jobman
- Great Plains Veterinary Educational Center, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, 820 Road 313 Clay Center, NE 68933, USA
| | - Daniel F Carlson
- Recombinetics Inc., 3388 Mike Collins Drive, Eagan, MN 55121, USA
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Katsura M, Fukushima M, Kameyama KI, Kokuho T, Nakahira Y, Takeuchi K. Novel bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) virus-like particle vaccine candidates presenting the E2 protein using the SpyTag/SpyCatcher system induce a robust neutralizing antibody response in mice. Arch Virol 2023; 168:49. [PMID: 36609880 PMCID: PMC9825097 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05653-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a pathogen of commercial consequence in cattle. Although many modified live and killed vaccines are commercially available, their drawbacks precipitate the need for new effective vaccines. Virus-like particles (VLPs) are a safe and powerful technology used in several human and veterinary vaccines; however, it is difficult to produce large amounts of BVDV VLPs. In this study, we generated red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) VLPs presenting the BVDV E2 protein (domain I to IIIb) of the Nose (BVDV-1) or KZ-91-CP (BVDV-2) strain by exploiting SpyTag/SpyCatcher technology. Mice immunized twice with 30 μg of RGNNV VLPs conjugated with 10 μg of E2 proteins of the Nose or KZ-91-CP strain with a 14-day interval elicited high (1:512,000 to 1:1,024,000) and moderate (1:25,600 to 1:102,400) IgG titers against E2 proteins of homologous and heterologous strains, respectively. In addition, this prime-boost regimen induced strong (1:800 to 1:3,200) and weak (~1:10) neutralization titers against homologous and heterologous BVDV strains, respectively. Our results indicate that conjugation of the E2 protein to RGNNV VLPs strongly enhances the antigenicity of the E2 protein and that RGNNV VLPs presenting the E2 protein are promising BVDV vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Katsura
- grid.20515.330000 0001 2369 4728Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575 Japan
| | - Masaki Fukushima
- grid.20515.330000 0001 2369 4728Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575 Japan
| | - Ken-ichiro Kameyama
- grid.416882.10000 0004 0530 9488Exotic Disease Research Group, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 6-20-1 Josuihoncho, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-0022 Japan
| | - Takehiko Kokuho
- grid.416882.10000 0004 0530 9488Exotic Disease Research Group, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 6-20-1 Josuihoncho, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-0022 Japan
| | - Yoichi Nakahira
- grid.410773.60000 0000 9949 0476College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, 3-21 Chuo, Ami, Ibaraki 300-0332 Japan
| | - Kaoru Takeuchi
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.
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3
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Yuan M, Yang X, Zhang X, Zhao X, Abid M, Qiu HJ, Li Y. Different Types of Vaccines against Pestiviral Infections: "Barriers" for " Pestis". Viruses 2022; 15:2. [PMID: 36680043 PMCID: PMC9860862 DOI: 10.3390/v15010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Pestivirus of the family Flaviviridae mainly comprises classical swine fever virus (CSFV), bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 (BVDV-1), BVDV-2, border disease virus (BDV), and multiple new pestivirus species such as atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV), giraffe pestivirus, and antelope pestivirus. Pestiviruses cause infectious diseases, resulting in tremendous economic losses to animal husbandry. Different types of pestivirus vaccines have been developed to control and prevent these important animal diseases. In recent years, pestiviruses have shown great potential as viral vectors for developing multivalent vaccines. This review analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of various pestivirus vaccines, including live attenuated pestivirus strains, genetically engineered marker pestiviruses, and pestivirus-based multivalent vaccines. This review provides new insights into the development of novel vaccines against emerging pestiviruses, such as APPV and ovine pestivirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Xiaoke Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Xiaotian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Muhammad Abid
- Viral Oncogenesis Group, The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Hua-Ji Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Yongfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
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4
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Sangewar N, Hassan W, Lokhandwala S, Bray J, Reith R, Markland M, Sang H, Yao J, Fritz B, Waghela SD, Abdelsalam KW, Chase CCL, Mwangi W. Mosaic Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Antigens Elicit Cross-Protective Immunity in Calves. Front Immunol 2020; 11:589537. [PMID: 33281819 PMCID: PMC7690067 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.589537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) is an important pathogen that plays a significant role in initiating Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex (BRDC) in cattle. The disease causes multi-billion dollar losses globally due to high calf mortality and increased morbidity leading to heavy use of antibiotics. Current commercial vaccines provide limited cross-protection with several drawbacks such as safety, immunosuppression, potential reversion to virulence, and induction of neonatal pancytopenia. This study evaluates two prototype vaccines containing multiple rationally designed recombinant mosaic BVDV antigens for their potential to confer cross-protection against diverse BVDV strains. Genes encoding three novel mosaic antigens, designated E2123, NS2-31, and NS2-32, were designed in silico and expressed in mammalian cells for the formulation of a prototype protein-based vaccine. The mosaic antigens contain highly conserved protective epitopes from BVDV-1a, -1b, and -2, and included unique neutralizing epitopes from disparate strains to broaden coverage. We tested immunogenicity and protective efficacy of Expi293TM-expressed mosaic antigens (293F-E2123, 293F-NS2-31, and 293F-NS2-32), and baculovirus-expressed E2123 (Bac-E2123) mosaic antigen in calves. The Expi293TM-expressed antigen cocktail induced robust BVDV-specific cross-reactive IFN-γ responses, broadly neutralizing antibodies, and following challenge with a BVDV-1b strain, the calves had significantly (p < 0.05) reduced viremia and clinical BVD disease compared to the calves vaccinated with a commercial killed vaccine. The Bac-E2123 antigen was not as effective as the Expi293TM-expressed antigen cocktail, but it protected calves from BVD disease better than the commercial killed vaccine. The findings support feasibility for development of a broadly protective subunit BVDV vaccine for safe and effective management of BRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Sangewar
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Wisam Hassan
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Shehnaz Lokhandwala
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Jocelyn Bray
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Rachel Reith
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Mary Markland
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Huldah Sang
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Jianxiu Yao
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Bailey Fritz
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Suryakant D Waghela
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Karim W Abdelsalam
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
| | - Christopher C L Chase
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
| | - Waithaka Mwangi
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
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5
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Walz PH, Chamorro MF, M Falkenberg S, Passler T, van der Meer F, R Woolums A. Bovine viral diarrhea virus: An updated American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine consensus statement with focus on virus biology, hosts, immunosuppression, and vaccination. J Vet Intern Med 2020; 34:1690-1706. [PMID: 32633084 PMCID: PMC7517858 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Control of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in cattle populations across most of the world has remained elusive in spite of advances in knowledge about this viral pathogen. A central feature of virus perseverance in cattle herds is the unique mechanism of persistent infection. Managing BVDV infection in herds involves controlling persistently infected carrier animals using a multidimensional approach of vaccination, biosecurity, and identification of BVDV reservoirs. A decade has passed since the original American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine consensus statement on BVDV. While much has remained the same with respect to clinical signs of disease, pathogenesis of infection including persistent infection, and diagnosis, scientific articles published since 2010 have led to a greater understanding of difficulties associated with control of BVDV. This consensus statement update on BVDV presents greater focus on topics currently relevant to the biology and control of this viral pathogen of cattle, including changes in virus subpopulations, infection in heterologous hosts, immunosuppression, and vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul H Walz
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Manuel F Chamorro
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Shollie M Falkenberg
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Thomas Passler
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Frank van der Meer
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Amelia R Woolums
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi, USA
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Chen C, Liu Y, Huang H, Meng Q, Xia M, Wu H. Evaluation of protection against bovine viral diarrhea virus type 2 after vaccination of the calves with bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 combo inactivated vaccine. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-11488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT This study was designed to evaluate the extent of the protection for bovine viral diarrhea virus type 2 (BVDV-2) infection, afforded by vaccination with a combo inactivated vaccine, which contains bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 (BVDV-1) and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV). Five 3-4-month-old calves were intramuscularly vaccinated with a single dose of the combo vaccine and boosted with same dose three weeks after the first vaccination, with five mock immunized calves serving as a control group. Twenty-one days after the second vaccination, all calves were challenged with BVDV-2 SX08 strain by spray into nostril. The unvaccinated animals developed typical clinical signs of high rectal temperature, diarrhoea with erosions and a dramatic drop in leukocyte counts. These signs occured markedly less in all vaccinated animals, the rectal temperature, leukopenia and virarmia of which, were significantly less than the mock immunized calves. It can be concluded that vaccination with the combo inactivated vaccine affords cross-protection against clinical effects of a challenge-infection with BVDV-2 SX08 strain, although it was part protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Chen
- Sinovet (Jiangsu) Biopharm. Co., Ltd, China
| | - Y. Liu
- Sinovet (Jiangsu) Biopharm. Co., Ltd, China
| | - H. Huang
- Sinovet (Jiangsu) Biopharm. Co., Ltd, China
| | - Q. Meng
- Sinovet (Jiangsu) Biopharm. Co., Ltd, China
| | - M. Xia
- Sinovet (Jiangsu) Biopharm. Co., Ltd, China
| | - H. Wu
- Sinovet (Jiangsu) Biopharm. Co., Ltd, China
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7
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Fulton RW, Cook BJ, Payton ME, Burge LJ, Step D. Immune response to bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) vaccines detecting antibodies to BVDV subtypes 1a, 1b, 2a, and 2c. Vaccine 2020; 38:4032-4037. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Hussain KJ, Al-Farwachi MI, Hassan SD. Seroprevalence and risk factors of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in cattle in the Nineveh Governorate, Iraq. Vet World 2019; 12:1862-1865. [PMID: 32009767 PMCID: PMC6925036 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.1862-1865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) is one of the main causes of severe pneumonia, interstitial edema, and emphysema in cattle. The current study investigated the prevalence and risk factors of BRSV in cattle in the Nineveh Province, Iraq. Materials and Methods Between September 2017 and September 2018, 450 serum samples were collected from non-vaccinated cattle of different ages and breeds for BRSV testing. The epidemiological information of the animals was recorded. The prevalence of the disease was determined using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Results The prevalence of BRSV was 83.11%, and it was significantly (p<0.05) higher in cattle aged greater than 7 months-1.5 years than in older animals; in imported cattle than in Native animals; and in animals originating from large herds (100 animals) than in those from smaller herds (40 animals). There was no significant difference between BRSV prevalence in male and female animals. When samples from different regions of the Nineveh Governorate were compared, the northern region was associated with the highest prevalence of the disease. Samples harvested in the winter displayed the highest BRSV titer, compared to those collected during the other seasons. Conclusion BRSV is prevalent in cattle from the Nineveh Governorate. Risk factors such as animal age, origin, herd size, and the herd's geographical location are associated with an increased prevalence of the disease in this region. Routine vaccination programs should be adopted to reduce the prevalence of BRSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khder Jassiem Hussain
- Department of Internal and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
| | - Maab Ibrahim Al-Farwachi
- Department of Internal and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
| | - Sadam Dhahir Hassan
- Department of Internal and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
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Quintero Barbosa J, Corredor Figueroa AP, Salas SS, Camargo H, Sanchéz A, Tobón J, Ortiz D, Schachtebeck E, Gutierrez MF. High prevalence of persistently infected animals from bovine viral diarrhea in Colombian cattle. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:23. [PMID: 30630483 PMCID: PMC6327412 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1769-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) is associated with gastrointestinal, respiratory and reproductive diseases of livestock across the world that causes continuous economic losses in the cattle industry. This virus can establish a persistent infection (PI) in calves after the fetal infection, making BVDV positive catle carriers and primary reservoirs which will constantly transmit the virus to healthy and new-born animals. For this reason, the detection of the PI animals in herds is the first line of prevention of the viral infection. Results In this study, PI animals were detected in five different regions of Colombia through RT-PCR techniques and confirmed by sequencing. BVDV genotypes were determined using one fragment of the 5’UTR. It was found a 7% BVDV prevalence in animals and 22% in farms; and genotype 1 was identified as a single genotype for all of the samples. All samples were BVDV 1a. Conclusion This is the first report in Colombia with higher prevalence rates compared with other places in the world, turned out to be of great importance for the ranchers, the vaccine producers and animal health control parties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Quintero Barbosa
- Escuela de Biología, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Carrera 27 Calle 9, ed 45, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | | | - Sandra S Salas
- Departamento de Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7 No. 40 - 62, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Hugo Camargo
- Empresa Colombiana de Productos Veterinarios - VECOL, Av. Eldorado 82 -93, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Alfredo Sanchéz
- Empresa Colombiana de Productos Veterinarios - VECOL, Av. Eldorado 82 -93, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Julio Tobón
- Empresa Colombiana de Productos Veterinarios - VECOL, Av. Eldorado 82 -93, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Diego Ortiz
- Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - CORPOICA, Km 14 Vía Mosquera-Bogotá, Mosquera, Colombia
| | - Eric Schachtebeck
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Carrera 3 Este # 47 A - 15, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Maria Fernanda Gutierrez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7 No. 40 - 62, Bogotá, Colombia.
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10
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Vaccination of cattle against bovine viral diarrhea virus. Vet Microbiol 2017; 206:78-83. [PMID: 28400145 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is responsible for significant losses to the cattle industry. Currently, modified-live viral (MLV) and inactivated viral vaccines are available against BVDV, often in combination with other viral and bacterial antigens. Inactivated and MLV vaccines provide cattle producers and veterinarians safe and efficacious options for herd immunization to limit disease associated with BVDV infection. Vaccination of young cattle against BVDV is motivated by prevention of clinical disease and limiting viral spread to susceptible animals. For reproductive-age cattle, vaccination to prevent viremia and birth of persistently infected offspring is considered more important, while also more difficult to achieve than prevention of clinical disease. Recent advances have been made in the understanding of BVDV vaccine efficacy. In terms of preventing clinical disease, current BVDV vaccines have been demonstrated to have a rapid onset of immunity and MLV vaccines can be effectively utilized in calves possessing maternal immunity. For reproductive protection, more recent studies using multivalent MLV vaccines have demonstrated consistent fetal protection rates in the range of 85-100% in experimental studies. Proper timing and administration of BVDV vaccines can be utilized to maximize vaccine efficacy to provide an important contribution to reducing risks associated with BVDV infection. With improvements in vaccine formulations and increased understanding of the protective immune response following vaccination, control of BVDV through vaccination can be enhanced.
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11
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Segura-Correa J, Zapata-Campos C, Jasso-Obregón J, Martinez-Burnes J, López-Zavala R. Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with bovine herpesvirus 1 and bovine viral diarrhea virus in North-Eastern Mexico. Open Vet J 2016; 6:143-9. [PMID: 27622156 PMCID: PMC5011497 DOI: 10.4314/ovj.v6i2.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) are well known etiological agents of cattle that produce important economic losses due to reproductive failures and calf mortality, as well as enteric and respiratory disease. Tamaulipas is located northeast of Mexico, an important cattle production and the principal exporter of calf and heifer to the United States. The objectives of this study were to estimate the seroprevalence of BoHV-1 and of BVDV, and to determine the effects of risk factors on these infections. Blood samples of cattle from 57 farms from rural districts of Tamaulipas were collected. The samples were tested for antibodies against BoHV-1 and BVDV using commercial ELISA kits. Data on potential risk factors were obtained using a questionnaire administered to the farmer at the time the blood samples were taken. The seroprevalences for BoHV-1 and BVDV were 64.4% and 47.8%, respectively. In the logistic regression analysis, the significant risk factors were rural district, herd size and cattle introduced to the farm. This study confirms the high seroprevalence of BoHV-1 and BVDV in unvaccinated cattle in Tamaulipas, Mexico. The results of this study could be used for the development of BoHV-1 and BVDV prevention and control program in North-Eastern, Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.C. Segura-Correa
- Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Km. 5 Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil, Mérida, Yucatán, C.P. 97315, México
| | - C.C. Zapata-Campos
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Km. 5 A.P. No. 263 C.P. 87000, Mexico
| | - J.O. Jasso-Obregón
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Km. 5 A.P. No. 263 C.P. 87000, Mexico
| | - J. Martinez-Burnes
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Km. 5 A.P. No. 263 C.P. 87000, Mexico
| | - R. López-Zavala
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Km. 5 A.P. No. 263 C.P. 87000, Mexico
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12
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Newcomer BW, Givens D. Diagnosis and Control of Viral Diseases of Reproductive Importance: Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis and Bovine Viral Diarrhea. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 2016; 32:425-41. [PMID: 27140298 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Both bovine viral diarrhea virus and bovine herpesvirus 1 can have significant negative reproductive impacts on cattle health. Vaccination is the primary control method for the viral pathogens in US cattle herds. Polyvalent, modified-live vaccines are recommended to provide optimal protection against various viral field strains. Of particular importance to bovine viral diarrhea control is the limitation of contact of pregnant cattle with potential viral reservoirs during the critical first 125 days of gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin W Newcomer
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, 127 Sugg Laboratory, Auburn, AL 36849-5516, USA
| | - Daniel Givens
- Office of Academic Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, 217 Veterinary Education Center, Auburn, AL 36849-5536, USA.
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Theurer ME, Larson RL, White BJ. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness of commercially available vaccines against bovine herpesvirus, bovine viral diarrhea virus, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, and parainfluenza type 3 virus for mitigation of bovine respiratory disease complex in cattle. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2016; 246:126-42. [PMID: 25517335 DOI: 10.2460/javma.246.1.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate and analyze data from controlled studies on the effectiveness of vaccinating cattle with commercially available viral antigen vaccines for mitigation of the effects of bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC). DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. SAMPLE 31 studies comprising 88 trials. PROCEDURES Studies that reported the effectiveness of commercially available bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), and parainfluenza type 3 virus (PI3) vaccines for protection of cattle against BRDC or its components were included in the analysis. Studies or trials were categorized as natural exposure or experimental challenge and were further divided by the viral antigen evaluated and vaccine type (modified-live virus [MLV] or inactivated vaccine). Meta-analysis was performed; summary Mantel-Haenszel risk ratios were determined, and Forest plots were generated. RESULTS In natural exposure trials, beef calves vaccinated with various antigen combinations had a significantly lower BRDC morbidity risk than did nonvaccinated control calves. In trials evaluating BHV-1 and MLV BVDV vaccines in experimental challenge models, vaccinated calves had a lower BRDC morbidity risk than did control calves; however, in experimental challenge trials evaluating MLV BRSV and PI3 vaccines, no significant difference in morbidity or mortality risk was found between vaccinated and control calves. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Estimating clinical efficacy from results of experimental challenge studies requires caution because these models differ substantially from those involving natural exposure. The literature provides data but does not provide sufficiently strong evidence to guide definitive recommendations for determining which virus components are necessary to include in a vaccination program for prevention or mitigation of BRDC in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles E Theurer
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506
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Purtle L, Mattick D, Schneider C, Smith L, Xue W, Trigo E. One year duration of immunity of the modified live bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 and type 2 and bovine herpesvirus-1 fractions of Vista® Once SQ vaccine. Vaccine 2016; 34:1582-1588. [PMID: 26859238 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Three studies were performed to determine the duration of immunity of the bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 and type 2 (BVDV-1 and BVDV-2) and bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) fractions of a commercially prepared modified-live vaccine. Vista® Once SQ (Vista®) vaccine contains five modified-live viruses, BVDV-1, BVDV-2, BHV-1, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, and bovine parainfluenza 3 virus, and two modified-live bacteria, Pasteurella multocida and Mannheimia haemolytica. For all three studies, calves were administered a single dose of vaccine or placebo vaccine subcutaneously, and were challenged with one of the three virulent viruses at least one year following vaccination. Calves were evaluated daily following challenge for clinical signs of disease associated with viral infection, nasal swab samples were evaluated for virus shedding, and serum was tested for neutralizing antibodies. Following the BVDV-1 and BVDV-2 challenges, whole blood was evaluated for white blood cell counts, and for the BVDV-2 study, whole blood was also evaluated for platelet counts. Calves vaccinated with BVDV type 1a, were protected from challenge with BVDV type 1b, and had significant reductions in clinical disease, fever, leukopenia, and virus shedding compared to control calves. Vaccinated calves in the BVDV-2 study were protected from clinical disease, mortality, fever, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and virus shedding compared to controls. Vaccinated calves in the BHV-1 study were protected from clinical disease and fever, and had significantly reduced duration of nasal virus shedding. These three studies demonstrated that a single administration of the Vista® vaccine to healthy calves induces protective immunity against BVDV-1, BVDV-2 and BHV-1 that lasts at least one year following vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Purtle
- Merck Animal Health, 35500 W. 151st St., De Soto, KS 66062, USA.
| | - Debra Mattick
- Merck Animal Health, 35500 W. 151st St., De Soto, KS 66062, USA
| | - Corey Schneider
- Merck Animal Health, 35500 W. 151st St., De Soto, KS 66062, USA
| | - Linda Smith
- Merck Animal Health, 35500 W. 151st St., De Soto, KS 66062, USA
| | - Wenzhi Xue
- Merck Animal Health, 35500 W. 151st St., De Soto, KS 66062, USA
| | - Emilio Trigo
- Merck Animal Health, 35500 W. 151st St., De Soto, KS 66062, USA
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Lee M, Reed A, Estill C, Izume S, Dong J, Jin L. Evaluation of BHV-1 antibody titer in a cattle herd against different BHV-1 strains. Vet Microbiol 2015; 179:228-32. [PMID: 26123370 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Although modified-live multivalent vaccines, such as PregGuard GOLD and Bovi-Shield Gold, have been used routinely in both beef and dairy cattle in the US, abortion and respiratory diseases still occasionally occur following vaccination. To determine whether the antibody induced by the multivalent vaccine can recognize BHV-1 isolates from aborted animals, BHV-1 antibody titer was evaluated with two isolates from abortion cases and two vaccine BHV-1 viruses. Cattle serum was collected from a dairy herd that was vaccinated annually with Bovi-Shield Gold 5 vaccine. Among the 28 cattle tested, no statistical significant difference in serum neutralization titer was observed when test virus was either vaccine virus or clinical isolates. It suggests that the BHV-1 antibody from the vaccinated cattle can recognize both the vaccine virus and clinical isolates. However, it is noticed that cows at 5 years old or older had a significantly lower BHV-1 antibody titer on average than the average of SN titer in 3 year-old cows. Similarly, cows at 5 years or older had a significantly lower BVDV antibody titer than cows at about 2 years of age. In addition, cattle vaccinated within 0-2 months had a significantly higher BHV-1 titer than those that received vaccination 6 months or greater prior to titer measurement. In contrast, cattle that received a vaccination 6 months prior had a significantly higher anti-BVDV antibody titer than those vaccinated within 1-2 months. The BVDV antibody titers remained relatively unchanged between 6 months and 1 year post-vaccination. Our study suggests little antigenic variation exists between BHV-1 disease isolates and BHV-1 of the multivalent vaccines. In addition, BHV-1 antibody titer is relatively lower at 6 months post vaccination in those tested animals. However, the BVDV antibody titer remained relatively high after 6 months from time of vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States
| | - Aimee Reed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States
| | - Charles Estill
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States
| | - Satoko Izume
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States
| | - Jing Dong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States
| | - Ling Jin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States; Department of Microbiology, College of Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States.
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16
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Impact of species and subgenotypes of bovine viral diarrhea virus on control by vaccination. Anim Health Res Rev 2015; 16:40-54. [DOI: 10.1017/s1466252315000079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBovine viral diarrhea viruses (BVDV) are diverse genetically and antigenically. This diversity impacts both diagnostic testing and vaccination. In North America, there are two BVDV species, 1 and 2 with 3 subgentoypes, BVDV1a, BVDV1b and BVDV2a. Initially, US vaccines contained BVDV1a cytopathic strains. With the reporting of BVDV2 severe disease in Canada and the USA there was focus on protection by BVDV1a vaccines on BVDV2 disease. There was also emphasis of controlling persistently infected (PI) cattle resulted in studies for fetal protection afforded by BVDV1a vaccines. Initially, studies indicated that some BVDV1a vaccines gave less than 100% protection against BVDV2 challenge for fetal infection. Eventually vaccines in North America added BVDV2a to modified live virus (MLV) and killed BVDV1a vaccines. Ideally, vaccines should stimulate complete immunity providing 100% protection against disease, viremias, shedding, and 100% fetal protection in vaccinates when challenged with a range of diverse antigenic viruses (subgenotypes). There should be a long duration of immunity stimulated by vaccines, especially for fetal protection. MLV vaccines should be safe when given according to the label and free of other pathogens. While vaccines have now included BVDV1a and BVDV2a, with the discovery of the predominate subgenotype of BVDV in the USA to be BVDV1b, approximately 75% or greater in prevalence, protection in acute challenge and fetal protection studies became more apparent for BVDV1b. Thus many published studies examined protection by BVDV1a and BVDV2a vaccines against BVDV1b in acute challenge and fetal protection studies. There are no current BVDV1b vaccines in the USA. There are now more regulations on BVDV reproductive effects by the USDA Center for Veterinary Biologics (CVB) regarding label claims for protection against abortion, PI calves, and fetal infections, including expectations for studies regarding those claims. Also, the USDA CVB has a memorandum providing the guidance for exemption of the warning label statement against the use of the MLV BVDV in pregnant cows and calves nursing pregnant cows. In reviews of published studies in the USA, the results of acute challenge and fetal protection studies are described, including subgenotypes in vaccines and challenge strains and the results in vaccinates and the vaccinates' fetuses/newborns. In general, vaccines provide protection against heterologous strains, ranging from 100% to partial but statistically significant protection. In recent studies, the duration of immunity afforded by vaccines was investigated and reported. Issues of contamination remain, especially since fetal bovine serums may be contaminated with noncytopathic BVDV. In addition, the potential for immunosuppression by MLV vaccines exists, and new vaccines will be assessed in the future to prove those MLV components are not immunosuppressive by experimental studies. As new subgenotypes are found, the efficacy of the current vaccines should be evaluated for these new strains.
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Gao Y, Zhao X, Sun C, Zang P, Yang H, Li R, Zhang L. A transgenic ginseng vaccine for bovine viral diarrhea. Virol J 2015; 12:73. [PMID: 25948546 PMCID: PMC4455706 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0301-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infections are endemic in cattle populations worldwide and cause major economic losses. Thus, an effective vaccine is needed against the transmission of BVDV. The glycoprotein E(rns) is one of the envelope proteins of this virus and shows BVDV-related immunogenicity. Here, we report the use of Panax ginseng as an alternative production platform for the expression of glycoprotein E(rns) via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. RESULT Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse transcription (RT)-PCR analyses showed that pBI121-E(rns) was stably integrated into the chromosome of transformants. ELISA assay and Western blot analysis confirmed the antigenicity of plant-derived E(rns) glycoprotein. Immunogenicity was evaluated subcutaneously in deer using a soluble protein extract of dried transgenic ginseng hairy roots. Specific humoral and cell-mediated immune responses against BVDV were detected following immunization. CONCLUSION These results demonstrated that the E(rns) glycoprotein could be expressed in ginseng hairy roots and that plant-derived glycoprotein E(rns) retained its antigenicity and immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugang Gao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, ChangChun, 130118, China.
| | - Xueliang Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, ChangChun, 130118, China.
| | - Chao Sun
- College of AnimCal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yang Ling, 712100, China.
| | - Pu Zang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, ChangChun, 130118, China.
| | - He Yang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, ChangChun, 130118, China.
| | - Ran Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, ChangChun, 130118, China.
| | - Lianxue Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, ChangChun, 130118, China.
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Newcomer BW, Walz PH, Givens MD, Wilson AE. Efficacy of bovine viral diarrhea virus vaccination to prevent reproductive disease: A meta-analysis. Theriogenology 2015; 83:360-365.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Zhang SQ, Tan B, Guo L, Wang FX, Zhu HW, Wen YJ, Cheng S. Genetic diversity of bovine viral diarrhea viruses in commercial bovine serum batches of Chinese origin. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2014; 27:230-3. [PMID: 25102030 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is often detected in commercial bovine serum. BVDV genetic diversity was investigated in commercial bovine serum of Chinese origin. Twenty-two batches of bovine serum were obtained from 10 suppliers with different geographic origins in China, and 20 batches of bovine serum were positive by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and sequencing. Phylogenetic reconstructions of partial 5'UTR sequences indicated that the samples examined in this work clustered within the BVDV type 1 and BVDV type 2 genotypes. Interestingly, 3 sample sequences clustered into CSFV. These results suggest a high genetic diversity in Chinese BVDV field isolates. This study will benefit epidemiological surveys of BVDV detected in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Qin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Xue Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Wei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Jun Wen
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Shipeng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, People's Republic of China.
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Wang W, Shi X, Wu Y, Li X, Ji Y, Meng Q, Zhang S, Wu H. Immunogenicity of an inactivated Chinese bovine viral diarrhea virus 1a (BVDV 1a) vaccine cross protects from BVDV 1b infection in young calves. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2014; 160:288-92. [PMID: 24880701 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) 1a and 1b strains are the predominant subgenotypes in China. Because of the genetic and antigenic variability among different BVDV strains, a vaccine effective in one region may fail to protect against infections caused by different virus strains in another region. No BVDV vaccine developed with the predominant strains in China are available. In this study, the immunogenicity of an inactivated Chinese BVDV 1a NM01 vaccine strain was evaluated by challenging with a Chinese BVDV 1b JL strain. Ten 2-4-month-old calves were intramuscularly vaccinated with a single dose of the vaccine strain and boosted with same dose three weeks after the first vaccination, with five mock immunized calves serving as a control group. The average titer of neutralization antibody to BVDV 1a and BVDV 1b of immunized calves reached 1:410 and 1:96, respectively, at 21 days post the second vaccination. Twenty-one days post the second vaccination, all calves were challenged with strain JL. The clinical signs, such as the temperature and leukopenia of the immunized calves and viral shedding, were significantly less than the mock immunized calves after challenging with the virulent BVDV 1b strain, indicating that the BVDV 1a vaccine strain elicited efficacious protection against the endemic BVDV 1b strain in China. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of an inactivated BVDV vaccine which demonstrated effective cross-protection against BVDV type 1b infection in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Institute of Special Economic Animal and Plant Science, CAAS, No. 4899, Juye Street, Changchun 130122, China; Sinovet (Beijing) Biotechnology Co., Ltd., No. 5 Kaituo Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xinchuan Shi
- Sinovet (Beijing) Biotechnology Co., Ltd., No. 5 Kaituo Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yongwang Wu
- Sinovet (Beijing) Biotechnology Co., Ltd., No. 5 Kaituo Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xiaoxin Li
- VMRD, APAC, Zoetis, Unit 1400, 14th Floor, Sunflower Tower, No. 37 Maizidian Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Ye Ji
- Sinovet (Beijing) Biotechnology Co., Ltd., No. 5 Kaituo Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Qingsen Meng
- Sinovet (Beijing) Biotechnology Co., Ltd., No. 5 Kaituo Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Shucheng Zhang
- VMRD, APAC, Zoetis, Unit 1400, 14th Floor, Sunflower Tower, No. 37 Maizidian Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100125, China
| | - Hua Wu
- Sinovet (Beijing) Biotechnology Co., Ltd., No. 5 Kaituo Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China.
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Zhang S, Tan B, Ding Y, Wang F, Guo L, Wen Y, Cheng S, Wu H. Complete genome sequence and pathogenesis of bovine viral diarrhea virus JL-1 isolate from cattle in China. Virol J 2014; 11:67. [PMID: 24708732 PMCID: PMC4234127 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-11-67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a pathogen found worldwide in calves. It can cause significant economic losses in agriculture. Many BVDV strains have been isolated in China. However, the pathogenesis and complete gene characteristics of BVDV isolate have yet not been reported in China. Here, a BVDV isolate was isolated and its pathogenesis and complete genome were studied. Results A new isolate of bovine viral diarrhea virus, named JL-1, was isolated from the spleen of a sick cow with diarrhea using MDBK cell culture. The complete genome of JL-1 is 12,276 nucleotides and contains a 5′-UTR of 382 nucleotides, a 3′-UTR of 188 nucleotides, and a large ORF encoding a polyprotein consisting of 3,901 amino acids. Genomic comparison and phylogenetic analyses of complete genomic sequence clearly showed that JL-1 fell into the BVDV-1b subtype. The result of pathogenesis of JL-1 strain showed that all infected calves developed clinical signs of elevated rectal temperatures, decreased leucopenia, and viral discharge. Viral antigen was detected in infected animal tissues using immunohistochemistry. Animals in the mock were normal. These results demonstrated that BVDV JL-1 was a virulent strain. Conclusions This is the first study to report the pathogenesis and complete gene characterization of the BVDV strain in China. This report may set a good foundation for further study of BVDV in China.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Shipeng Cheng
- State key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals-Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China.
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Newcomer BW, Givens MD. Approved and experimental countermeasures against pestiviral diseases: Bovine viral diarrhea, classical swine fever and border disease. Antiviral Res 2013; 100:133-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Rodning S, Givens M, Marley M, Zhang Y, Riddell K, Galik P, Hathcock T, Gard J, Prevatt J, Owsley W. Reproductive and economic impact following controlled introduction of cattle persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus into a naive group of heifers. Theriogenology 2012; 78:1508-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Revised: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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