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Onile OS, Fadahunsi AI, Adekunle AA, Oyeyemi BF, Anumudu CI. An immunoinformatics approach for the design of a multi-epitope subunit vaccine for urogenital schistosomiasis. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8795. [PMID: 33062404 PMCID: PMC7534685 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Discovery of T and B memory cells capable of eliciting long-term immunity against schistosomiasisis is important for people in endemic areas. Changes in schistosomes environment due to developmental cycle, induces up-regulation of Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) which assist the parasite in coping with the hostile conditions associated with its life cycle. This study therefore focused on exploring the role of HSPs in urogenital schistosomiasis to develop new multi-epitope subunit vaccine against the disease using immunoinformatic approaches. The designed subunit vaccine was subjected to in silico antigenicity, immunogenicity, allergenicity and physicochemical parameters analysis. A 3D structure of the vaccine construct was predicted, followed by disulphide engineering for stability, codon adaptation and in silico cloning for proper expression and molecular protein–protein docking of vaccine construct in the vector against toll-like receptor 4 receptor, respectively. Consequently, a 493 amino acid multi-epitope vaccine construct of antigenicity probability of 0.91 was designed. This was predicted to be stable, non-allergenic in nature and safe for human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olugbenga S Onile
- Biotechnology Programme, Department of Biological Sciences, Elizade University, Ilara-Mokin, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Adeyinka I Fadahunsi
- Biotechnology Programme, Department of Biological Sciences, Elizade University, Ilara-Mokin, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Ameerah A Adekunle
- Biotechnology Programme, Department of Biological Sciences, Elizade University, Ilara-Mokin, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Bolaji F Oyeyemi
- Molecular Biology Group, Department Science Technology, The Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Chiaka I Anumudu
- Cellular Parasitology Programme, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
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Egesa M, Lubyayi L, Tukahebwa EM, Bagaya BS, Chalmers IW, Wilson S, Hokke CH, Hoffmann KF, Dunne DW, Yazdanbakhsh M, Labuda LA, Cose S. Schistosoma mansoni schistosomula antigens induce Th1/Pro-inflammatory cytokine responses. Parasite Immunol 2018; 40:e12592. [PMID: 30239006 PMCID: PMC6492251 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Larvae of Schistosoma (schistosomula) are highly susceptible to host immune responses and are attractive prophylactic vaccine targets, although cellular immune responses against schistosomula antigens in endemic human populations are not well characterized. We collected blood and stool from 54 Schistosoma mansoni-infected Ugandans, isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells and stimulated them for 24 hours with schistosome adult worm and soluble egg antigens (AWA and SEA), along with schistosomula recombinant proteins rSmKK7, Lymphocyte Antigen 6 isoforms (rSmLy6A and rSmLy6B), tetraspanin isoforms (rSmTSP6 and rSmTSP7). Cytokines, chemokines and growth factors were measured in the culture supernatants using a multiplex luminex assay, and infection intensity was determined before and at 1 year after praziquantel (PZQ) treatment using the Kato-Katz method. Cellular responses were grouped and the relationship between groups of correlated cellular responses and infection intensity before and after PZQ treatment was investigated. AWA and SEA induced mainly Th2 responses. In contrast, rSmLy6B, rSmTSP6 and rSmTSP7 induced Th1/pro-inflammatory responses. While recombinant antigens rSmKK7 and rSmLy6A did not induce a Th1/pro-inflammatory response, they had an association with pre-treatment infection intensity after adjusting for age and sex. Testing more schistosomula antigens using this approach could provide immune-epidemiology identifiers necessary for prioritizing next generation schistosomiasis vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moses Egesa
- Department of Medical MicrobiologySchool of Biomedical SciencesMakerere University College of Health SciencesKampalaUganda
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Uganda Research UnitEntebbeUganda
| | - Lawrence Lubyayi
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Uganda Research UnitEntebbeUganda
| | | | - Bernard S. Bagaya
- Department of Immunology and Molecular BiologySchool of Biomedical SciencesMakerere University College of Health SciencesKampalaUganda
| | - Iain W. Chalmers
- Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural SciencesAberystwyth UniversityAberystwythUK
| | - Shona Wilson
- Department of PathologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Cornelis H. Hokke
- Department of ParasitologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Karl F. Hoffmann
- Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural SciencesAberystwyth UniversityAberystwythUK
| | - David W. Dunne
- Department of PathologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Maria Yazdanbakhsh
- Department of ParasitologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Lucja A. Labuda
- Department of ParasitologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Stephen Cose
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Uganda Research UnitEntebbeUganda
- Department of Clinical ResearchLondon School of Hygiene & Tropical MedicineLondonUK
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Hong Y, Huang L, Yang J, Cao X, Han Q, Zhang M, Han Y, Fu Z, Zhu C, Lu K, Li X, Lin J. Cloning, expression and enzymatic characterization of 3-phosphoglycerate kinase from Schistosoma japonicum. Exp Parasitol 2015; 159:37-45. [PMID: 26299245 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2015.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, a full-length cDNA encoding the Schistosoma japonicum 3-phosphoglycerate kinase (SjPGK) with an open reading frame of 1251 bp was isolated from 42-day-old (42-d) schistosome cDNAs. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR analysis revealed that SjPGK was expressed in all investigated developmental stages and at a higher transcript levels in 21- and 42-d worms. Moreover, the SjPGK mRNA level was significantly downregulated in 10-d schistosomula from Wistar rats (non-susceptible host). SjPGK was subcloned into pET28a(+) and expressed as both supernatant and inclusion bodies in Escherichia coli BL21 cells. The enzymatic activity of recombinant SjPGK protein (rSjPGK) was 125 U/mg. Kinetic analyses with respect to 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PGA) as substrate gave a Km of 2.69 mmol/L and a Vmax of 748 μmol/min/mg protein. rSjPGK was highly stable over a range of pH 8.0-9.0 and temperature of 30°C-40 °C under physiological conditions. Immunolocalization analysis showed that SjPGK was mainly distributed in the tegument and parenchyma of schistosomes. Western blotting showed that rSjPGK had good immunogenicity. We vaccinated BALB/c mice with rSjPGK combined with Seppic 206 adjuvant. However, there were no significant reductions in the numbers of worms of eggs in the liver, as compared to adjuvant or blank control groups in two independent vaccination tests. This study provides the basis for further investigations into the biological function of SjPGK, although it might not be suitable as a potential vaccine candidate against schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hong
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Lini Huang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Jianmei Yang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Xiaodan Cao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Qian Han
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Min Zhang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai 200241, PR China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan Province 471023, PR China
| | - Yanhui Han
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai 200241, PR China; College of Animal Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Fu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Chuangang Zhu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Ke Lu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Xiangrui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, PR China
| | - Jiaojiao Lin
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Shanghai 200241, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, PR China.
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Fonseca CT, Oliveira SC, Alves CC. Eliminating Schistosomes through Vaccination: What are the Best Immune Weapons? Front Immunol 2015; 6:95. [PMID: 25806033 PMCID: PMC4353369 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The successful development of vaccines depends on the knowledge of the immunological mechanisms associated with the elimination of the pathogen. In the case of schistosomes, its complex life cycle and the mechanisms developed to evade host immune system, turns the development of a vaccine against the disease into a very difficult task. Identifying the immunological effector mechanisms involved in parasite attrition and the major targets for its response is a key step to formulate an effective vaccine. Recent studies have described some promising antigens to compose a subunit vaccine and have pointed to some immune factors that play a role in parasite elimination. Here, we review the immune components and effector mechanisms associated with the protective immunity induced by those vaccine candidates and the lessons we have learned from the studies of the acquired resistance to infection in humans. We will also discuss the immune factors that correlate with protection and therefore could help to evaluate those vaccine formulations in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Toscano Fonseca
- Laboratório de Esquistossomose do Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz , Belo Horizonte , Brazil ; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais (INCT-DT), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Ministério de Ciência Tecnologia e Inovação, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil
| | - Sergio Costa Oliveira
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais (INCT-DT), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Ministério de Ciência Tecnologia e Inovação, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil ; Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte , Brazil
| | - Clarice Carvalho Alves
- Laboratório de Esquistossomose do Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz , Belo Horizonte , Brazil
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Prasanphanich NS, Mickum ML, Heimburg-Molinaro J, Cummings RD. Glycoconjugates in host-helminth interactions. Front Immunol 2013; 4:240. [PMID: 24009607 PMCID: PMC3755266 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Helminths are multicellular parasitic worms that comprise a major class of human pathogens and cause an immense amount of suffering worldwide. Helminths possess an abundance of complex and unique glycoconjugates that interact with both the innate and adaptive arms of immunity in definitive and intermediate hosts. These glycoconjugates represent a major untapped reservoir of immunomodulatory compounds, which have the potential to treat autoimmune and inflammatory disorders, and antigenic glycans, which could be exploited as vaccines and diagnostics. This review will survey current knowledge of the interactions between helminth glycans and host immunity and highlight the gaps in our understanding which are relevant to advancing therapeutics, vaccine development, and diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Salinger Prasanphanich
- Department of Biochemistry, Glycomics Center of Emory University, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Megan L. Mickum
- Department of Biochemistry, Glycomics Center of Emory University, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jamie Heimburg-Molinaro
- Department of Biochemistry, Glycomics Center of Emory University, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Richard D. Cummings
- Department of Biochemistry, Glycomics Center of Emory University, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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