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Kaiser FK, Wiedemann A, Kühl B, Menke L, Beineke A, Baumgärtner W, Wohlsein P, Rigbers K, Becher P, Peters M, Osterhaus ADME, Ludlow M. Swinepox Virus Strains Isolated from Domestic Pigs and Wild Boar in Germany Display Altered Coding Capacity in the Terminal Genome Region Encoding for Species-Specific Genes. Viruses 2021; 13:v13102038. [PMID: 34696467 PMCID: PMC8538704 DOI: 10.3390/v13102038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Swinepox virus (SWPV) is a globally distributed swine pathogen that causes sporadic cases of an acute poxvirus infection in domesticated pigs, characterized by the development of a pathognomonic proliferative dermatitis and secondary ulcerations. More severe disease with higher levels of morbidity and mortality is observed in congenitally SWPV-infected neonatal piglets. In this study, we investigated the evolutionary origins of SWPV strains isolated from domestic pigs and wild boar. Analysis of whole genome sequences of SWPV showed that at least two different virus strains are currently circulating in Germany. These were more closely related to a previously characterized North American SWPV strain than to a more recent Indian SWPV strain and showed a variation in the SWPV-specific genome region. A single nucleotide deletion in the wild boar (wb) SWPV strain leads to the fusion of the SPV019 and SPV020 open reading frames (ORFs) and encodes a new hypothetical 113 aa protein (SPVwb020-019). In addition, the domestic pig (dp) SWPV genome contained a novel ORF downstream of SPVdp020, which encodes a new hypothetical 71aa protein (SPVdp020a). In summary, we show that SWPV strains with altered coding capacity in the SWPV specific genome region are circulating in domestic pig and wild boar populations in Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska K. Kaiser
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (F.K.K.); (L.M.); (A.D.M.E.O.)
| | - Anastasia Wiedemann
- Institute for Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (A.W.); (P.B.)
| | - Bianca Kühl
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (B.K.); (A.B.); (W.B.); (P.W.)
| | - Laura Menke
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (F.K.K.); (L.M.); (A.D.M.E.O.)
| | - Andreas Beineke
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (B.K.); (A.B.); (W.B.); (P.W.)
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (B.K.); (A.B.); (W.B.); (P.W.)
| | - Peter Wohlsein
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (B.K.); (A.B.); (W.B.); (P.W.)
| | - Kerstin Rigbers
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt Karlsruhe, 76187 Karlsruhe, Germany;
| | - Paul Becher
- Institute for Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (A.W.); (P.B.)
| | - Martin Peters
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt Westfalen, 59821 Arnsberg, Germany;
| | - Albert D. M. E. Osterhaus
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (F.K.K.); (L.M.); (A.D.M.E.O.)
| | - Martin Ludlow
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany; (F.K.K.); (L.M.); (A.D.M.E.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-51-1953-6112
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Yuan X, Lin H, Li B, He K, Fan H. Swinepox virus vector-based vaccines: attenuation and biosafety assessments following subcutaneous prick inoculation. Vet Res 2018; 49:14. [PMID: 29415767 PMCID: PMC5804073 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-018-0510-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Swinepox virus (SPV) has several advantages as a potential clinical vector for a live vector vaccine. In this study, to obtain a safer and more efficient SPV vector, three SPV mutants, Δ003, Δ010, and ΔTK were successfully constructed. A virus replication experiment showed that these SPV mutants had lower replication abilities compared to wtSPV in 10 different host-derived cell lines. Animal experiments with mouse and rabbit models demonstrate that these three mutants and wtSPV did not cause any clinical signs of dermatitis. No fatalities were observed during a peritoneal challenge assay with these mutants and wtSPV in a mouse model. Additionally, the three mutants and wtSPV were not infectious at 60 h after vaccination in rabbit models. Furthermore, we evaluated biosafety, immunogenicity and effectiveness of the three mutants in 65 1-month-old piglets. The results show that there were no clinical signs of dermatitis in the Δ003 and ΔTK vaccination groups. However, mild signs were observed in the Δ010 vaccination groups when virus titres were high, and apparent clinical signs were observed at the sites of inoculation. Samples from all experimental pig groups were assessed by qPCR, and no SPV genomic DNA was found in five organs, faeces or blood. This suggests that the infectious abilities of wtSPV and the SPV mutants were poor and limited. In summary, this study indicates that two mutants of SPV, Δ003 and ΔTK, may be promising candidates for an attenuated viral vector in veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Yuan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,College of Veterinary Sciences, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huixing Lin
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Li
- Institute of Veterinary Research, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Kongwang He
- Institute of Veterinary Research, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongjie Fan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China. .,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China.
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Kong W, Ye J, Guan S, Liu J, Pu J. Epidemic status of Swine influenza virus in china. Indian J Microbiol 2014; 54:3-11. [PMID: 24426160 PMCID: PMC3889855 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-013-0419-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the most significant swine diseases, in recent years, swine influenza (SI) has had an immense impact on public health and has raised extensive public concerns in China. Swine are predisposed to both avian and human influenza virus infections, between that and/or swine influenza viruses, genetic reassortment could occur. This analysis aims at introducing the history of swine influenza virus, the serological epidemiology of swine influenza virus infection, the clinical details of swine influenza, the development of vaccines against swine influenza and controlling the situation of swine influenza in China. Considering the elaborate nature of swine influenza, a more methodical surveillance should be further implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Kong
- />Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Jiahui Ye
- />Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Shangsong Guan
- />Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Jinhua Liu
- />Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Juan Pu
- />Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology and Zoonosis, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
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Bhanuprakash V, Hosamani M, Venkatesan G, Balamurugan V, Yogisharadhya R, Singh RK. Animal poxvirus vaccines: a comprehensive review. Expert Rev Vaccines 2013; 11:1355-74. [PMID: 23249235 DOI: 10.1586/erv.12.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The family Poxviridae includes several viruses of medical and veterinary importance. Global concerted efforts combined with an intensive mass-vaccination campaign with highly efficaceious live vaccine of vaccinia virus have led to eradication of smallpox. However, orthopoxviruses affecting domestic animals continue to cause outbreaks in several endemic countries. Different kinds of vaccines starting from conventional inactivated/attenuated to recombinant protein-based vaccines have been used for control of poxvirus infections. Live virus homologous vaccines are currently in use for diseases including capripox, parapox, camelpox and fowlpox, and these vaccines are highly effective in eliciting (with the exception of parapoxviruses) long-lasting immunity. Attenuated strains of poxviruses have been exploited as vectored vaccines to deliver heterologous immunogens, many of them being licensed for use in animals. Worthy of note are vaccinia virus, fowlpox virus, capripoxvirus, parapoxvirus and canary pox, which have been successfully used for developing new-generation vaccines targeting many important pathogens. Remarkable features of these vaccines are thermostability and their ability to engender both cellular and humoral immune responses to the target pathogens. This article updates the important vaccines available for poxviruses of livestock and identifies some of the research gaps in the present context of poxvirus research.
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Xu J, Huang D, Xu J, Liu S, Lin H, Zhu H, Liu B, Chen W, Lu C. Immune responses and protective efficacy of a recombinant swinepox virus co-expressing HA1 genes of H3N2 and H1N1 swine influenza virus in mice and pigs. Vet Microbiol 2012; 162:259-64. [PMID: 23265244 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Revised: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The recombinant swine poxvirus rSPV/H3-2A-H1 co-expressing HA1 genes of H3N2 and H1N1 subtype SIV has been constructed and identified. Inoculations of rSPV/H3-2A-H1 yielded ELISA and neutralization antibodies against SIV H1N1 and H3N2, and elicited potent H1N1 and H3N2 SIV-specific INF-γ response from T-lymphocytes in mice and pigs in this study. Complete protection against SIV H1N1 or H3N2 challenge in pigs was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou 730046, China.
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Protection of guinea pigs by vaccination with a recombinant swinepox virus co-expressing HA1 genes of swine H1N1 and H3N2 influenza viruses. Arch Virol 2012; 158:629-37. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-012-1539-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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