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Su R, Shi Z, Li E, Zhu M, Li D, Liu X, Sun Y, Feng N, Wang J, Wang T, Xia X, Sun W, Gao Y. A Trim-RBD-GEM vaccine candidate protects mice from SARS-CoV-2. Virology 2023; 585:145-154. [PMID: 37348143 PMCID: PMC10266888 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has continued for about three years since emerging in late December 2019, resulting in millions of deaths. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a safe and effective vaccine to control SARS-CoV-2. In this study, we developed a bacterium-like particle vaccine that displays the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD) (named Trim-RBD-GEM) using the GEM-PA system. We evaluated the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the Trim-RBD-GEM vaccine with the oil-in-water adjuvant AddaVax in C57BL/6 N mice intramuscularly. We found that Trim-RBD-GEM&AddaVax induced high levels of humoral immunity in C57BL/6 N mice. Additionally, the lung virus loads in the immunized group were significantly decreased compared to the adjuvant control and mock groups. Therefore, this vaccine provides protection against lethal infection in a C57BL/6 N mouse model. Our Trim-RBD-GEM&AddaVax vaccine is potentially a promising, rapid, and safe subunit vaccine for preventing and controlling SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Su
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China; Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Entao Li
- College of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230000, China
| | - Menghan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Dongxu Li
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, 030801, China
| | - Xiawei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China; Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China; Jilin Province Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Na Feng
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Jianzhong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Tiecheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China
| | - Xianzhu Xia
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Weiyang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China.
| | - Yuwei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130122, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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Pang MQ, Lu YQ, Tang F, Wang HJ, Zhou Y, Ren L, Li RL, Zhou H, Wan CF, Liu CC, Luosang D, Yangdan C, Fan HN. Prediction and identification of epitopes in the Echinococcus multilocularis thrombospondin 3 antigen. Technol Health Care 2022; 30:799-814. [PMID: 35068426 PMCID: PMC9398089 DOI: 10.3233/thc-212983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Alveolar echinococcosis is an epidemic disease caused by the parasitism of Echinococcus multilocularis (Em) larvae in the intermediate or final host. OBJECTIVE: To identify and analyze B-cell and T-cell (Th1, Th2, and Th17) epitopes of the Em antigen protein thrombospondin 3 (TSP3). METHODS: The amino acid sequence of TSP3 was obtained, and the secondary structural characteristics of TSP3 were predicted using bioinformatics software to further predict its potential T-cell and B-cell epitopes. The spleen lymphocytes of BALB/c mice, which were immunized with the TSP3 protein, were collected for co-culture with B-cell and T-cell antigen small peptides. The B-cell epitopes and T-cell epitope subtypes Th1, Th2, and Th17 were identified as having good immunogenicity. RESULTS: After identification, it was found that the predominant epitopes of B cells existing in TSP3 were T18-33, T45-55, and T110-122. Furthermore, the predominant epitopes of T cells existing in TSP3 were T33-42, T45-55, T80-90, and T110-122 in the T1 subtype, T45-55, T68-77, and T92-104 in the Th2 subtype, and T53-63 and T80-90 in the Th17 subtype. CONCLUSIONS: Six T-cell and eight B-cell dominant epitopes of the TSP3 antigen were revealed; these results may be applied in the development of a dominant epitope vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Quan Pang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Research Center for High Altitude Medical Sciences, Qinghai University School of Medicine, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai Provincial Research Key Laboratory for Hydatid, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Yue-Qing Lu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai Provincial Research Key Laboratory for Hydatid, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Feng Tang
- Research Center for High Altitude Medical Sciences, Qinghai University School of Medicine, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai Provincial Research Key Laboratory for Hydatid, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Hai-Jiu Wang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai Provincial Research Key Laboratory for Hydatid, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai Provincial Research Key Laboratory for Hydatid, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Li Ren
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai Provincial Research Key Laboratory for Hydatid, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Run-Le Li
- Research Center for High Altitude Medical Sciences, Qinghai University School of Medicine, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai Provincial Research Key Laboratory for Hydatid, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Hu Zhou
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai Provincial Research Key Laboratory for Hydatid, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Chen-Fei Wan
- Research Center for High Altitude Medical Sciences, Qinghai University School of Medicine, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai Provincial Research Key Laboratory for Hydatid, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Chuan-Chuan Liu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Research Center for High Altitude Medical Sciences, Qinghai University School of Medicine, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai Provincial Research Key Laboratory for Hydatid, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Dawa Luosang
- Research Center for High Altitude Medical Sciences, Qinghai University School of Medicine, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai Provincial Research Key Laboratory for Hydatid, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Cairang Yangdan
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai Provincial Research Key Laboratory for Hydatid, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Hai-Ning Fan
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai Provincial Research Key Laboratory for Hydatid, Xining, Qinghai, China
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Mohammadzadeh R, Soleimanpour S, Pishdadian A, Farsiani H. Designing and development of epitope-based vaccines against Helicobacter pylori. Crit Rev Microbiol 2021; 48:489-512. [PMID: 34559599 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2021.1979934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection is the principal cause of serious diseases (e.g. gastric cancer and peptic ulcers). Antibiotic therapy is an inadequate strategy in H. pylori eradication because of which vaccination is an inevitable approach. Despite the presence of countless vaccine candidates, current vaccines in clinical trials have performed with poor efficacy which makes vaccination extremely challenging. Remarkable advancements in immunology and pathogenic biology have provided an appropriate opportunity to develop various epitope-based vaccines. The fusion of proper antigens involved in different aspects of H. pylori colonization and pathogenesis as well as peptide linkers and built-in adjuvants results in producing epitope-based vaccines with excellent therapeutic efficacy and negligible adverse effects. Difficulties of the in vitro culture of H. pylori, high genetic variation, and unfavourable immune responses against feeble epitopes in the complete antigen are major drawbacks of current vaccine strategies that epitope-based vaccines may overcome. Besides decreasing the biohazard risk, designing precise formulations, saving time and cost, and induction of maximum immunity with minimum adverse effects are the advantages of epitope-based vaccines. The present article is a comprehensive review of strategies for designing and developing epitope-based vaccines to provide insights into the innovative vaccination against H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roghayeh Mohammadzadeh
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saman Soleimanpour
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Reference Tuberculosis Laboratory, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abbas Pishdadian
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Hadi Farsiani
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Votaw NL, Collier L, Curvino EJ, Wu Y, Fries CN, Ojeda MT, Collier JH. Randomized peptide assemblies for enhancing immune responses to nanomaterials. Biomaterials 2021; 273:120825. [PMID: 33901731 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterials capable of inducing immune responses with minimal associated inflammation are of interest in applications ranging from tissue repair to vaccines. Here we report the design of self-assembling randomized polypeptide nanomaterials inspired by glatiramoids, an immunomodulatory class of linear random copolymers. We hypothesized that peptide self-assemblies bearing similar randomized polypeptides would similarly raise responses skewed toward Type 2 immunity and TH2 T-cell responses, additionally strengthening responses to co-assembled peptide epitopes in the absence of adjuvant. We developed a method for synthesizing self-assembling peptides terminated with libraries of randomized polypeptides (termed KEYA) with good batch-to-batch reproducibility. These peptides formed regular nanofibers and raised strong antibody responses without adjuvants. KEYA modifications dramatically improved uptake of peptide nanofibers in vitro by antigen presenting cells, and served as strong B-cell and T-cell epitopes in vivo, enhancing immune responses against epitopes relevant to influenza and chronic inflammation while inducing a KEYA-specific Type 2/TH2/IL-4 phenotype. KEYA modifications also increased IL-4 production by T cells, extended the residence time of nanofibers, induced no measurable swelling in footpad injections, and decreased overall T cell expansion compared to unmodified nanofibers, further suggesting a TH2 T-cell response with minimal inflammation. Collectively, this work introduces a biomaterial capable of raising strong Type 2/TH2/IL-4 immune responses, with potential applications ranging from vaccination to tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Votaw
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, United States
| | - Lauren Collier
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, United States
| | - Elizabeth J Curvino
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, United States
| | - Yaoying Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, United States
| | - Chelsea N Fries
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, United States
| | - Madison T Ojeda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, United States
| | - Joel H Collier
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, United States.
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Oloomi M, Javadi M, Asadi Karam MR, Khezerloo JK, Haghri Z, Bouzari S. Protective multi-epitope candidate vaccine for urinary tract infection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 28:e00564. [PMID: 33304840 PMCID: PMC7711219 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are induced by exogenous organisms including extraintestinal pathogenic such as Escherichia coli (ExPEC), Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella pneumonia, which are closely related. These organisms can colonize in the urinary tract and cause UTIs. In this study, a cross-reactive multi-epitope vaccine was designed by two constructs to stimulate the immune system (CD8+ and CD4 + T cells) against ExPEC, Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella pneumonia strains. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae are the main bacterial cause of UTI. They were used for designing experimental candidate vaccine, and their immunogenicity and protectivity were assessed. In this study, conserved antigens from their bacterial genomes were considered, and informatics-based immunological vaccine with cross-protective T and B-cells epitopes was designed and evaluated. The vaccine candidate was used as a broad immune system inducer, and its cross-protective immunity and protectivity were confirmed in in vivo experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mana Oloomi
- Molecular Biology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Javadi
- Molecular Biology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Zohreh Haghri
- Molecular Biology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Bouzari
- Molecular Biology Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Prediction and Identification of Epitopes in the Emy162 Antigen of Echinococcus multilocularis. Acta Parasitol 2020; 65:919-928. [PMID: 32542510 DOI: 10.2478/s11686-020-00231-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a zoonotic disease caused by the parasitism of Echinococcus multilocularis larvae in the intermediate host or the final host. This study aims to identify and analyze the B-cell and T-cell (Th1, Th2 and Th17) epitopes of E. multilocularis antigen Emy162. METHODS (1) The secondary structural characteristics of the Emy162 protein were predicted by bioinformatics software to further predict the potential T- and B-cell epitopes. (2) The dominant antigen epitopes were detected by ELISA through the reaction of patient serum with small B-cell antigen peptide and assessing the proliferation of splenic lymphocytes of mice immunized with Emy162. (3) The expression of cytokines in splenic lymphocytes of mice stimulated by small T-cell antigen peptides was detected by ELISA, ELISpot and flow cytometry to enable the identification of the T-cell epitopes. RESULTS (1) The high-scored T-cell epitopes were located at positions E7-13, E36-41, E80-89, E87-96, E97-106 and E129-139, while B-cell epitopes were located at positions E7-13, E19-27, E28-36, E37-48, E78-83, E101-109, E112-121 and E129-139. (2) The three advanced antigen epitopes of Emy162 were E19-27, E112-121 and E129-139. (3) The four Th1 advanced antigen epitopes of Emy162 were E7-13, E36-41, E80-89 and E129-139. The three Th2 advanced antigen epitopes were E36-41, E87-96 and E97-106. The three Th17 advanced antigen epitopes were E36-41, E87-96 and E97-106. CONCLUSION (1) The Emy162 protein has advanced antigenicity and numerous potential epitopes. Six T-cell and eight B-cell dominant epitopes were revealed using bioinformatics methods. (2) There are three dominant B-cell epitopes, four dominant Th1 epitopes, three dominant Th2 epitopes, and three dominant Th17 epitopes in the Emy162 antigen.
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Paydarnia N, Mansoori B, Esmaeili D, Kazemi T, Aghapour M, Hajiasgharzadeh K, Alizadeh N, Baradaran B. Helicobacter pylori Recombinant CagA Regulates Th1/Th2 Balance in a BALB/c Murine Model. Adv Pharm Bull 2020; 10:264-270. [PMID: 32373495 PMCID: PMC7191242 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2020.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose:Helicobacter pylori is recognized as one of the prevalent causes of human gastricinfection. In the present study, the role of mixed immunization with H. pylori lipopolysaccharide(LPS) and recombinant cytotoxin-associated gene A (rCagA) as a stimulator of host immuneresponses was determined. Methods: BALB/c mice were immunized with different formulations by the systemic administrationat 14-day intervals. The effects of the formulations plus CpG adjuvants were assessed before andpost-immunization in separated studies. Moreover, the expression of Th1/Th2 cytokines wasquantified in sera of immunized mice using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR)test and the protein levels confirmed with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Finally, the specific antibody levels in sera were studied by ELISA and the tendency of cellularresponse was examined by IgG1/IgG2a ratio. Results: Data of Western blotting verified the presence of constructed protein. Analysisof lymphocyte proliferation showed that CpG-conjugated rCagA increases lymphocytesproliferation compared to the control group. Also, it was shown that formulations containing LPSand rCagA promote a Th1 response indicated by interferon-gamma expression and induced Th1/Th2 balance. Additionally, the specific IgG1, total IgG and IgG2a levels elevated in response toall treatments. Ultimately, the IgG2a/IgG1 ratio in the mice immunized with rCagA-containingformulations increased. Conclusion: These results indicated that rCagA protein carried with CpG adjuvant not onlymaintained its antigenicity throughout the experiment but also induced robust Th1-biasedimmune responses. Therefore, it holds promise for the production of an efficient vaccine against H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Paydarnia
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, International Branch (Aras), Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Mansoori
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Davoud Esmaeili
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tohid Kazemi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahyar Aghapour
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Nazila Alizadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative bacterium that infects the gastric epithelia of its human host. Everyone who is colonized with these pathogenic bacteria can develop gastric inflammation, termed gastritis. Additionally, a small proportion of colonized people develop more adverse outcomes, including gastric ulcer disease, gastric adenocarcinoma, or gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. The development of these adverse outcomes is dependent on the establishment of a chronic inflammatory response. The development and control of this chronic inflammatory response are significantly impacted by CD4+ T helper cell activity. Noteworthy, T helper 17 (Th17) cells, a proinflammatory subset of CD4+ T cells, produce several proinflammatory cytokines that activate innate immune cell antimicrobial activity, drive a pathogenic immune response, regulate B cell responses, and participate in wound healing. Therefore, this review was written to take an intricate look at the involvement of Th17 cells and their affiliated cytokines (interleukin-17A [IL-17A], IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, and IL-26) in regulating the immune response to H. pylori colonization and carcinogenesis.
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Xue RY, Guo MF, Guo L, Liu C, Li S, Luo J, Nie L, Ji L, Ma CJ, Chen DQ, Sun S, Jin Z, Zou QM, Li HB. Synthetic Lipopeptide Enhances Protective Immunity Against Helicobacter pylori Infection. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1372. [PMID: 31258538 PMCID: PMC6587705 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Over fifty percent of the people around the world is infected with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), which is the main cause of gastric diseases such as chronic gastritis and stomach cancer. H. pylori adhesin A (HpaA), which is a surface-located lipoprotein, is essential for bacterial colonization in the gastric mucosa. HpaA had been proposed to be a promising vaccine candidate against H. pylori infection. However, the effect of non-lipidated recombinant HpaA (rHpaA) to stimulate immune response was not very ideal, and the protective effect against H. pylori infection was also limited. Here, we hypothesized that low immunogenicity of rHpaA may attribute to lacking the immunostimulatory properties endowed by the lipid moiety. In this study, two novel lipopeptides, LP1 and LP2, which mimic the terminal structure of the native HpaA (nHpaA), were synthesized and TLR2 activation activity was confirmed in vitro. To investigate whether two novel lipopeptides could improve the protective effect of rHpaA against the infection of H. pylori, groups of mice were immunized either intramuscularly or intranasally with rHpaA together with LP1 or LP2. Compared with rHpaA alone, the bacterial colonization of the mice immunized with rHpaA plus LP2 via intranasal route was significantly decreased and the expression levels of serum IgG2a, IFN-γ, and IL-17 cytokines in spleen lymphocyte culture supernatant increased obviously, indicating that the enhanced protection of LP2 may be associated with elevated specific Th1 and Th17 responses. In conclusion, LP2 has been shown to improve the protective effect of rHpaA against H. pylori infection, which may be closely related to its ability in activating TLR2 by mimicking the terminal structure of nHpaA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Yi Xue
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mu-Fei Guo
- Chongqing Nankai Secondary School, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Guo
- Chongqing Technical Center for Drug Evaluation and Certification, Chongqing, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sun Li
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiao Luo
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Nie
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lu Ji
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cong-Jia Ma
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Da-Qun Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Si Sun
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhe Jin
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Quan-Ming Zou
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hai-Bo Li
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Liu C, Luo J, Xue RY, Guo L, Nie L, Li S, Ji L, Ma CJ, Chen DQ, Miao K, Zou QM, Li HB. The mucosal adjuvant effect of plant polysaccharides for induction of protective immunity against Helicobacter pylori infection. Vaccine 2019; 37:1053-1061. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.12.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Maleki Kakelar H, Barzegari A, Dehghani J, Hanifian S, Saeedi N, Barar J, Omidi Y. Pathogenicity of Helicobacter pylori in cancer development and impacts of vaccination. Gastric Cancer 2019; 22:23-36. [PMID: 30145749 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-018-0867-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori affect around 50% of the population worldwide. More importantly, the gastric infection induced by this bacterium is deemed to be associated with the progression of distal gastric carcinoma and gastric mucosal lymphoma in the human. H. pylori infection and its prevalent genotype significantly differ across various geographical regions. Based on numerous virulence factors, H. pylori can target different cellular proteins to modulate the variety of inflammatory responses and initiate numerous "hits" on the gastric mucosa. Such reactions lead to serious complications, including gastritis and peptic ulceration, gastric cancer and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid structure lymphoma. Therefore, H. pylori have been considered as the type I carcinogen by the Global Firm for Research on Cancer. During the two past decades, different reports revealed that H. pylori possess oncogenic potentials in the gastric mucosa through a complicated interplay between the bacterial factors, various facets, and the environmental factors. Accordingly, numerous signaling pathways could be triggered in the development of gastrointestinal diseases (e.g., gastric cancer). Therefore, the main strategy for the treatment of gastric cancer is controlling the disease far before its onset using preventive/curative vaccination. Increasing the efficiency of vaccines may be achieved by new trials of vaccine modalities, which is used to optimize the cellular immunity. Taken all, H. pylori infection may impose severe complications, for resolving of which extensive researches are essential in terms of immune responses to H. pylori. We envision that H. pylori-mediated diseases can be controlled by advanced vaccines and immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Maleki Kakelar
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Barzegari
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jaber Dehghani
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shahram Hanifian
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nazli Saeedi
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jaleh Barar
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5165665811, Iran
| | - Yadollah Omidi
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5165665811, Iran.
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12
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Yang WC, Sun HW, Sun HQ, Yuan HM, Li B, Li HB, Hu J, Yang Y, Zou QM, Guo H, Wu C, Chen L. Intranasal immunization with immunodominant epitope peptides derived from HpaA conjugated with CpG adjuvant protected mice against Helicobacter pylori infection. Vaccine 2018; 36:6301-6306. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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13
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The novel immunogenic chimeric peptide vaccine to elicit potent cellular and mucosal immune responses against HTLV-1. Int J Pharm 2018; 549:404-414. [PMID: 30075250 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.07.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study reports on the immunogenicity assessment of a novel chimeric peptide vaccine including Tax, gp21, gp46, and gag immunodominant epitopes of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) to induce immunity against HTLV-1 after subcutaneous (SC) or intranasal administration in a mice model. Additionally, to elevate the efficacy of the HTLV-1 vaccine, the chimera was physically mixed with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) or ISCOMATRIX (IMX) adjuvants. For this purpose, the ISCOMATRIX with a size range of 40-60 nm were prepared using lipid film hydration method. Our investigation revealed that the mixture of IMX and chimera could significantly increase antibody titers containing IgG2a, and mucosal IgA, as well as IFN-γ and IL-10 cytokines and decrease the level of TGF-β1, compared to other vaccine formulations. The intranasal delivery of chimera vaccine in the absence or presence adjuvants stimulated potent mucosal sIgA titer relative to subcutaneous immunization. Furthermore, the SC or nasal delivery of various vaccine formulations could shift the immunity toward cell-mediated responses, as evident by higher IgG2a and IFN-γ, as well as suppressed TGF-β1 level. Our findings suggest that proper design, construction, and immunization of multi-epitope vaccine are essential for developing an effective HTLV-1 vaccine.
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14
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Ghasemi A, Mohammad N, Mautner J, Taghipour Karsabet M, Amani J, Ardjmand A, Vakili Z. Immunization with a recombinant fusion protein protects mice against Helicobacter pylori infection. Vaccine 2018; 36:5124-5132. [PMID: 30041879 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
More than 50% of the world's population is infected with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori. If left untreated, infection with H. pylori can cause chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer disease, which may progress into gastric cancer. Owing to the limited efficacy of anti-H. pylori antibiotic therapy in clinical practice, the development of a protective vaccine to combat this pathogen has been a tempting goal for several years. In this study, a chimeric gene coding for the antigenic parts of H. pylori FliD, UreB, VacA, and CagL was generated and expressed in bacteria and the potential of the resulting fusion protein (rFUVL) to induce humoral and cellular immune responses and to provide protection against H. pylori infection was evaluated in mice. Three different immunization adjuvants were tested along with rFUVL: CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODN), Addavax, and Cholera toxin subunit B. Compared to the control group that had received PBS, vaccinated mice showed significantly higher cellular recall responses and antigen-specific IgG2a, IgG1, and gastric IgA antibody titers. Importantly, rFUVL immunized mice exhibited a reduction of about three orders of magnitude in their stomach bacterial loads. Thus, adjuvanted rFUVL might be considered as a promising vaccine candidate for the control of H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Ghasemi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Department of Infectious Disease and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, FL, USA.
| | - Nazanin Mohammad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Josef Mautner
- Technische Universität München & Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Mehrnaz Taghipour Karsabet
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Jafar Amani
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Ardjmand
- Physiology Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Zarichehr Vakili
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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15
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Pan X, Ke H, Niu X, Li S, Lv J, Pan L. Protection Against Helicobacter pylori Infection in BALB/c Mouse Model by Oral Administration of Multivalent Epitope-Based Vaccine of Cholera Toxin B Subunit-HUUC. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1003. [PMID: 29867978 PMCID: PMC5951970 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is an increasingly important alternative approach to control Helicobacter pylori infection, since H. pylori resistance to previously efficacious antibiotic regimens is increased, and H. pylori eradication treatment for upper gastrointestinal diseases is becoming less successful. Fortunately, an efficient oral monovalent H. pylori vaccine has been developed. However, compared with monovalent vaccines, multivalent vaccines have the potential to induce more effective and comprehensive protection against H. pylori infection. In this study, we designed and produced a multivalent epitope-based vaccine cholera toxin B subunit (CTB)-HUUC with the intramucosal adjuvant CTB and tandem copies of B-cell epitopes (HpaA132-141, UreA183-203, and UreB321-339) and T-cell epitopes (HpaA88-100, UreA27-53, UreB229-251, UreB317-329, UreB373-385, UreB438-452, UreB546-561, CagA149-164, and CagA196-217) from H. pylori adhesion A subunit (HpaA), urease A subunit (UreA), urease B subunit (UreB), and cytotoxin-associated antigen (CagA). Serum IgG, stomach, and intestine mucosal sIgA from mice after CTB-HUUC vaccination neutralized H. pylori urease activity in vitro. CTB-HUUC vaccination promoted H. pylori-specific lymphocyte responses and a mixed CD4+ T cell immune response as indicated by IFN-γ, interleukin-4, and interleukin-17 production in mice. Both oral prophylactic and therapeutic CTB-HUUC vaccinations reduced gastric urease activity and H. pylori infection and protected stomachs in mice. Taken together, CTB-HUUC is a promising potent and safe multivalent vaccine in controlling H. pylori infection in BALB/c mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Pan
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Hong Ke
- Department of Hemotology, People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xiaojuan Niu
- Department of Pharmacology, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Shan Li
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Jun Lv
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Longrui Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
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16
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Chirani AS, Ghazi M, Goudarzi M, Peerayeh SN, Soleimanjahi H, Dadashi M, Hajikhani B. A survey on chimeric UreB 229-561-HpaA protein targeting Helicobacter pylori: Computational and in vitro urease activity valuation. Comput Biol Chem 2018; 76:42-52. [PMID: 29929167 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) as microaerophilic, Gram-negative bacterium colonize the human gastric milieu, where it impetuses chronic disorders. Vaccination is a complementary plan, along with antibiotic therapy, for clearance of H. pylori. Today, Computer based tools are essential for the evaluation, design, and experiment for novel chimeric targets for immunological administration. The purpose of this experiment was immunoinformatic analysis of UreB and HpaA molecules in a fusion arrangement and also, construction and expression of recombinant protein containing chimeric sequences. The targets sequences were screened by using of standard in silico tools and immunoinformatic web servers. The high-resolution 3D models of the protein were created and were validated; indeed, the B-and T-cell restricted epitopes were mapped on the chimeric protein. The recombinant protein in frame of the expression vector pET28a were expressed and purified successfully. The urease activity and immunoblotting were performed in vitro condition. This study confirmed that the engineered protein as a highly conserved, hydrophilic, non-allergenic contained remarkable B-cell and T-cell epitopes. It was magnificently attained; chimeric UreB229-561-HpaA could provoke both humoral and cellular immunity. The immunoblotting was shown that the chimeric protein could be detected by serum of immunized animal and H.pylori positive patients. In this study, several antigenic patches from UreB and HpaA were identified that could be an efficient immune system activator. The in vitro analysis of our chimeric molecule confirmed its urease activity. It also confirmed that the chimeric protein could be detected by serum of immunized animal and H.pylori positive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Salimi Chirani
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Ghazi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Goudarzi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Najar Peerayeh
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hoorieh Soleimanjahi
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Dadashi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahareh Hajikhani
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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17
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Choubini E, Habibi M, Khorshidi A, Ghasemi A, Asadi Karam MR, Bouzari S. A novel multi-peptide subunit vaccine admixed with AddaVax adjuvant produces significant immunogenicity and protection against Proteus mirabilis urinary tract infection in mice model. Mol Immunol 2018. [PMID: 29525454 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Proteus mirabilis is a common pathogen in urinary tract infections (UTIs). There is no vaccine against P. mirabilis, thus a novel multi-peptide vaccine of MrpA, UcaA and Pta factors of P. mirabilis we designed and a mice model was used to evaluate its efficacy in combination with AddaVax adjuvant. According to the bioinformatics studies, 7 fragments of MrpA (31-75, 112-146), UcaA (68-117, 132-156) and Pta (210-265, 340-400, 496-570) with B and T cell epitope regions were selected for fusion construction. Mice subcutaneously vaccinated with the fusion MrpA.Pta.UcaA induced a significant increase in serum and mucosal IgG and IgA responses. The fusion also showed a significant induction in cellular responses (Th1 and Th2). The addition of AddaVax to fusion and the mixture of MrpA, UcaA, and Pta (MUP) improved the humoral and cellular responses, especially the IgG2a and IFN-γ (Th1 responses) levels. Fusion with and without AddaVax and MUP + AddaVax could maintain significant humoral responses until 6 months after the first vaccine dose. All vaccine combinations with and without adjuvant showed high effectiveness in the protection of the bladder and kidney against experimental UTI; this could be attributed to the significant humoral and cellular responses. The present study suggests that the AddaVax-based vaccine formulations especially the fusion Pta.MrpA.UcaA admixed with AddaVax as potential vaccine candidates for protection against P. mirabilis. Furthermore, AddaVax could be considered as an effective adjuvant in designing other vaccines against UTI pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Choubini
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Pasteur Ave., Tehran 13164, Iran
| | - Mehri Habibi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Pasteur Ave., Tehran 13164, Iran
| | - Ahmad Khorshidi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Amir Ghasemi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | | | - Saeid Bouzari
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Pasteur Ave., Tehran 13164, Iran
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18
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Immunization with recombinant FliD confers protection against Helicobacter pylori infection in mice. Mol Immunol 2018; 94:176-182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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19
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Sun H, Yuan H, Tan R, Li B, Guo G, Zhang J, Jing H, Qin Y, Zhao Z, Zou Q, Wu C. Immunodominant antigens that induce Th1 and Th17 responses protect mice against Helicobacter pylori infection. Oncotarget 2018; 9:12050-12063. [PMID: 29552292 PMCID: PMC5844728 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori has infected more than half of the world's population, causing gastritis, gastric ulcers, gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma and gastric cancer. The oral recombinant Helicobacter pylori vaccine currently used has made great progress in addressing this problem, however, its efficacy and longevity still need to be improved. Th1 and Th17 cells play essential roles in local protection against Helicobacter pylori in the stomach mucosa. Additionally, protective immunodominant antigens are the preferred for a vaccine. In this work, Helicobacter pylori whole cell lysate was separated into 30 groups based on molecular weight by molecular sieve chromatography. The group best promoting CD4 T cells proliferation was selected and evaluated by immunization. The detail proteins were then analyzed by LC-MS/MS and expressed in Escherichia coli. Eleven proteins were selected and the dominant ones were demonstrated. As a result, three protective immunodominant antigens, inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase, type II citrate synthase, and urease subunit beta, were selected from Helicobacter pylori whole cell. Two of them (inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase and type II citrate synthase) were newly identified, and one (urease subunit beta) was confirmed as previously reported. The mixture of the three antigens showed satisfactory protective efficiency, with significant lower H. pylori colonization level (P < 0.001) and stronger Th1 (P < 0.001) and Th17 (P < 0.001) responses than PBS control group. Thus, inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase, type II citrate synthase, and urease subunit beta are three protective antigens inducing dominant Th1 and Th17 responses to defend against Helicobacter pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heqiang Sun
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Hanmei Yuan
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Ranjing Tan
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Bin Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Gang Guo
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jinyong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Haiming Jing
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yi Qin
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Zhuo Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Quanming Zou
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Chao Wu
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
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20
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21
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Guo L, Yin R, Xu G, Gong X, Chang Z, Hong D, Liu H, Ding S, Han X, Li Y, Tang F, Liu K. Immunologic properties and therapeutic efficacy of a multivalent epitope-based vaccine against four Helicobacter pylori adhesins (urease, Lpp20, HpaA, and CagL) in Mongolian gerbils. Helicobacter 2017; 22. [PMID: 28851031 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapeutic vaccination is a desirable alternative for controlling Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. Attachment to the gastric mucosa is the first step in establishing bacterial colonization, and adhesins, which are on the surface of H. pylori, play a pivotal role in binding to human gastric mucosa. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present study, we constructed a multivalent epitope-based vaccine named CFAdE with seven carefully selected antigenic fragments from four H. pylori adhesins (urease, Lpp20, HpaA and CagL). The specificity, immunogenicity and ability to produce neutralizing antibodies of CFAdE were evaluated in BALB/c mice. After that, its therapeutic efficacy and protective immune mechanisms were explored in H. pylori-infected Mongolian gerbils. RESULTS The results indicated that CFAdE could induce comparatively high levels of specific antibodies against urease, Lpp20, HpaA and CagL. Additionally, oral therapeutic immunization with CFAdE plus polysaccharide adjuvant (PA) significantly decreased H. pylori colonization compared with oral immunization with urease plus PA, and the protection was correlated with IgG and sIgA antibody and antigen-specific CD4+ T cells. CONCLUSIONS This study indicated that the multivalent epitope-based vaccine, which targeted multiple adhesins in adherence of H. pylori to the gastric mucosa, is more effective than the univalent vaccine targeting urease only. This multivalent epitope-based vaccine may be a promising therapeutic candidate vaccine against H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Guo
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Clinical and Pathogenic Microbiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Runting Yin
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Guangxian Xu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Clinical and Pathogenic Microbiology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaojuan Gong
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Zisong Chang
- Dr. Notghi Contract Research GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dantong Hong
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Hongpeng Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Shuqin Ding
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xuebo Han
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Feng Tang
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Kunmei Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, School of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
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22
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Li B, Yuan H, Chen L, Sun H, Hu J, Wei S, Zhao Z, Zou Q, Wu C. The influence of adjuvant on UreB protection against Helicobacter pylori through the diversity of CD4+ T-cell epitope repertoire. Oncotarget 2017; 8:68138-68152. [PMID: 28978104 PMCID: PMC5620244 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adjuvants are widely used to enhance the effects of vaccines against pathogen infections. Interestingly, different adjuvants and vaccination routes usually induce dissimilar immune responses, and can even have completely opposite effects. The mechanism remains unclear. In this study, urease B subunit (UreB), an antigen of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) that can induce protective immune responses, was used as a model to vaccinate mice. We investigated the effects of different adjuvants and routes on consequent T cell epitope-specific targeting and protection against H. pylori infection. Comparison of the protective effects of UreB, administered either subcutaneously (sc) or intranasally (in), with the adjuvants AddaVax (sc), Complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA; sc), or CpG oligonucleotide (CpG; sc or in), indicated that only CFA (sc) and CpG (in) were protective. Protective vaccines induced T cells targeting epitopes that differed from that targeted by control vaccination. Subsequent peptide vaccination demonstrated that only two of the identified epitopes were protective: UreB373–385 and UreB317–329. Overall, we found that both adjuvant and vaccination route affected the T cell response repertoire to antigen epitopes. The data obtained in this study contribute to improved characterization of the relationship between adjuvants, routes of vaccination, and epitope-specific T cell response repertoires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Hanmei Yuan
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Heqiang Sun
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, PR China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Shanshan Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Zhuo Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Quanming Zou
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Chao Wu
- National Engineering Research Center of Immunological Products, Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
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23
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Immunomodulatory Effects of Adjuvants CPG, MPLA, and BCG on the Derp2-Induced Acute Asthma at Early Life in an Animal Model of BALB/c Mice. Inflammation 2017; 40:259-274. [PMID: 27896542 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-016-0476-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The Th1- and Treg cell-related immune responses play key roles in the modulation of Th2 cell-related allergic disorders. The aim was to evaluate the effects of CPG, MPLA, and BCG on the number of Th1-, Th2-, and Treg cell-related parameters in an animal model of asthma. BALB/c mice were divided into five groups and immunized subcutaneously (SC) on days 1, 15, and 22 with allergen Derp2. Three groups of mice were pretreated SC on days 0, 14, and 21 with CPG, CPG + MPLA, or CPG + BCG. All mice were then challenged intranasally with Derp2 on days 28-37. Blood samples were collected from the retro-orbital sinus, on days 0, 23, and 40. The serum levels of IL-4, IFN-γ, IgE, and IgG2a were measured using ELISA technique. The blood number of Th1 and Treg cells was determined using flow cytometry. At the sensitization phase, the number of Th1 and the serum levels of IFN-γ and IgG2a were significantly increased in the Derp2-sensitized group pretreated with CPG plus MPLA, and the number of Treg cells was significantly elevated in Derp2-sensitized mice pretreated with CPG or CPG plus MPLA as compared with that in Derp2-sensitized control mice. At the challenge phase, the number of Th1 was significantly elevated in Derp2-sensitized mice pretreated with CPG plus MPLA, CPG plus BCG, or CPG; the count of Treg cells was significantly increased in Derp2-sensitized mice pretreated with CPG plus BCG group; and the levels of IFN-γ and IgG2a were significantly enhanced in the Derp2-sensitized group pretreated with CPG plus MPLA in comparison with those in Derp2-sensitized control mice. The scores of inflammation and mucus secretion in the lung were significantly decreased in the Derp2-sensitized group pretreated with CPG, BCG, and CPG plus MPLA in comparison with those in the Derp2-sensitized control group. These results showed that BCG, MPLA, and CPG modulate Th1-, Th2-, and Treg-related parameters and ameliorate lung inflammatory parameters in a mouse model of asthma.
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Talebi Bezmin Abadi A. Not an easy road to generate an effective Helicobacter pylori vaccine. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2017; 51:45. [PMID: 28300649 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amin Talebi Bezmin Abadi
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-111, Iran.
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Mirzaei N, Poursina F, Moghim S, Rashidi N, Ghasemian Safaei H. The study of H. pylori putative candidate factors for single- and multi-component vaccine development. Crit Rev Microbiol 2017; 43:631-650. [PMID: 28581361 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2017.1291578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori has grown to colonize inside the stomach of nearly half of the world's population, turning into the most prevalent infections in the universe. Medical care failures noticeably confirm the need for a vaccine to hinder or deal with H. pylori. This review is planned to discuss the most known factors as a vaccine candidate, including single (AhpC, BG, CagA, KatA, Fla, Hsp, HWC, Lpp, LPS, NAP, OMP, OMV, SOD, Tpx, Urease, VacA) and multi-component vaccines. Many promising results in the field of single and multivalent vaccine can be seen, but there is no satisfactory outcome and neither a prophylactic nor a therapeutic vaccine to treat or eradicate the infection in human has been acquired. Hence, selecting suitable antigen is an important factor as an appropriate adjuvant. Taken all together, the development of efficient anti-H. pylori vaccines relies on the fully understanding of the interactions between H. pylori and its host immune system. Therefore, more work should be done on epitope mapping, analysis of molecular structure, and determination of the antigen determinant region as well due to design a vaccine, preferably a multi-component vaccine to elicit specific CD4 T-cell responses that are required for H. pylori vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Mirzaei
- a Department of Microbiology , Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University , Tonekabon , Iran
| | - Farkhondeh Poursina
- b Department of Microbiology , Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran
| | - Sharareh Moghim
- b Department of Microbiology , Isfahan University of Medical Sciences , Isfahan , Iran
| | - Niloufar Rashidi
- c Department of Laboratory Sciences , Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences , Ahvaz , Iran
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Li Y, Chen Z, Ye J, Ning L, Luo J, Zhang L, Jiang Y, Xi Y, Ning Y. Antibody Production and Th1-biased Response Induced by an Epitope Vaccine Composed of Cholera Toxin B Unit and Helicobacter pylori Lpp20 Epitopes. Helicobacter 2016; 21:234-48. [PMID: 26332255 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epitope vaccine is an attractive potential for prophylactic and therapeutic vaccination against Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. Lpp20 is one of major protective antigens which trigger immune response after H. pylori invades host and has been considered as an excellent vaccine candidate for the control of H. pylori infection. In our previous study, one B-cell epitope and two CD4(+) T-cell epitopes of Lpp20 were identified. OBJECTIVE In this study, an epitope vaccine composed of mucosal adjuvant cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) and these three identified Lpp20 epitopes were constructed to investigate the efficacy of this epitope vaccine in mice. METHODS The epitope vaccine including CTB, one B-cell, and two CD4(+) T-cell epitopes of Lpp20 was constructed and named CTB-Lpp20, which was then expressed in Escherichia coli and used for intraperitoneal immunization in BALB/c mice. The immunogenicity, specificity, and ability to induce antibodies against Lpp20 and cytokine secretion were evaluated. After that, CTB-Lpp20 was intragastrically immunized to investigate the prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy in infected mice. RESULTS The results indicated that the epitope vaccine CTB-Lpp20 possessed good immunogenicity and immunoreactivity and could elicit specific high level of antibodies against Lpp20 and the cytokine of IFN-γ and IL-17. Additionally, CTB-Lpp20 significantly decreased H. pylori colonization in H. pylori challenging mice, and the protection was correlated with IgG, IgA, and sIgA antibody and Th1-type cytokines. CONCLUSION This study will be better for understanding the protective immunity of epitope vaccine, and CTB-Lpp20 may be an alternative strategy for combating H. pylori invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhongbiao Chen
- School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jianbin Ye
- School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Lijun Ning
- School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jun Luo
- Department of microbiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- School of Nursing, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yin Jiang
- School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yue Xi
- School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yunshan Ning
- School of Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
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Mohammad N, Karsabet MT, Amani J, Ardjmand A, Zadeh MR, Gholi MK, Saffari M, Ghasemi A. In Silico Design of a Chimeric Protein Containing Antigenic Fragments of Helicobacter pylori; A Bioinformatic Approach. Open Microbiol J 2016; 10:97-112. [PMID: 27335622 PMCID: PMC4899534 DOI: 10.2174/1874285801610010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a global health problem which has encouraged scientists to find new ways to diagnose, immunize and eradicate the H. pylori infection. In silico studies are a promising approach to design new chimeric antigen having the immunogenic potential of several antigens. In order to obtain such benefit in H. pylori vaccine study, a chimeric gene containing four fragments of FliD sequence (1-600 bp), UreB (327-334 bp),VacA (744-805 bp) and CagL(51-100 bp) which have a high density of B- and T-cell epitopes was designed. The secondary and tertiary structures of the chimeric protein and other properties such as stability, solubility and antigenicity were analyzed. The in silico results showed that after optimizing for the purpose of expression in Escherichia coli BL21, the solubility and antigenicity of the construct fragments were highly retained. Most regions of the chimeric protein were found to have a high antigenic propensity and surface accessibility. These results would be useful in animal model application and accounted for the development of an epitope-based vaccine against the H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Mohammad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Taghipour Karsabet
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Jafar Amani
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Ardjmand
- Physiology Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Razavi Zadeh
- Gastroenterology Department, Beheshti Hospital, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khalifeh Gholi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Mahmood Saffari
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Amir Ghasemi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Ghasemian Safaei H, Faghri J, Moghim S, Nasr Esfahani B, Fazeli H, Makvandi M, Adib M, Rashidi N. Production of IFN-γ and IL-4 Against Intact Catalase and Constructed Catalase Epitopes of Helicobacter pylori From T-Cells. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2015; 8:e24697. [PMID: 26862387 PMCID: PMC4741185 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.24697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Helicobacter pylori infection is highly prevalent in the developing countries. It causes gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastrocarcinoma. Treatment with drugs and antibiotics is problematic due to the following reasons: cost, resistance to antibiotics, prolonged treatment and using multiple drugs. Catalase is highly conserved among the Helicobacter species and is important to the survival of the organism. It is expressed in high amounts and is exposed to the surface of this bacterium; therefore it represents a suitable candidate vaccine antigen. Objectives: A suitable approach in H. pylori vaccinology is the administration of epitope based vaccines. Therefore the responses of T-cells (IFN-γ and IL-4 production) against the catalase of H. pylori were determined. Then the quality of the immune responses against intact catalase and three epitopes of catalase were compared. Materials and Methods: In this study, a composition of three epitopes of the H. pylori catalase was selected based on Propred software. The effect of catalase epitopes on T-cells were assayed and immune responses identified. Results: The results of IFN-γ, IL-4 production against antigens, epitopes, and recombinant catalase by T-cells were compared for better understanding of epitope efficiency. Conclusions: The current research demonstrated that epitope sequence stimulates cellular immune responses effectively. In addition, increased safety and potency as well as a reduction in time and cost were advantages of this method. Authors are going to use this sequence as a suitable vaccine candidate for further research on animal models and humans in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajieh Ghasemian Safaei
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
| | - Jamshid Faghri
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
| | - Sharareh Moghim
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
| | - Bahram Nasr Esfahani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
| | - Hossein Fazeli
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
| | - Manoochehr Makvandi
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
| | - Minoo Adib
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
| | - Niloufar Rashidi
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Paramedical School, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
- Research Institute for Infectious Disease of Digestive System, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Niloufar Rashidi, Department of Laboratory Sciences, Paramedical School, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran. Tel: +98-9131942891, Fax: +98-6133738330, E-mail:
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Sokic-Milutinovic A, Alempijevic T, Milosavljevic T. Role of Helicobacter pylori infection in gastric carcinogenesis: Current knowledge and future directions. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:11654-11672. [PMID: 26556993 PMCID: PMC4631967 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i41.11654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) plays a role in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer. The outcome of the infection depends on environmental factors and bacterial and host characteristics. Gastric carcinogenesis is a multistep process that is reversible in the early phase of mucosal damage, but the exact point of no return has not been identified. Therefore, two main therapeutic strategies could reduce gastric cancer incidence: (1) eradication of the already present infection; and (2) immunization (prior to or during the course of the infection). The success of a gastric cancer prevention strategy depends on timing because the prevention strategy must be introduced before the point of no return in gastric carcinogenesis. Although the exact point of no return has not been identified, infection should be eradicated before severe atrophy of the gastric mucosa develops. Eradication therapy rates remain suboptimal due to increasing H. pylori resistance to antibiotics and patient noncompliance. Vaccination against H. pylori would reduce the cost of eradication therapies and lower gastric cancer incidence. A vaccine against H. pylori is still a research challenge. An effective vaccine should have an adequate route of delivery, appropriate bacterial antigens and effective and safe adjuvants. Future research should focus on the development of rescue eradication therapy protocols until an efficacious vaccine against the bacterium becomes available.
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Yazbek PB, Trindade AB, Chin CM, Dos Santos JL. Challenges to the Treatment and New Perspectives for the Eradication of Helicobacter pylori. Dig Dis Sci 2015; 60:2901-12. [PMID: 25999247 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-015-3712-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the leading causes of gastric diseases such as chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric adenocarcinoma. The current treatment of H. pylori infection with antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors has several limitations, including poor adherence and intrinsic patient-related factors, drug resistance, and the absence of adequate treatments. This review summarizes the current therapeutic approaches to eradicating H. pylori, the difficulties associated with its treatment, and several new perspectives aimed at improving existing treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Baptistella Yazbek
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Drugs and Medicines Department, State University of São Paulo "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Rodovia Araraquara Jaú Km, 01 s/n, Araraquara, SP, 14801-902, Brazil
| | - Ariane Biolcati Trindade
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Drugs and Medicines Department, State University of São Paulo "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Rodovia Araraquara Jaú Km, 01 s/n, Araraquara, SP, 14801-902, Brazil
| | - Chung Man Chin
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Drugs and Medicines Department, State University of São Paulo "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Rodovia Araraquara Jaú Km, 01 s/n, Araraquara, SP, 14801-902, Brazil
| | - Jean Leandro Dos Santos
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Drugs and Medicines Department, State University of São Paulo "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Rodovia Araraquara Jaú Km, 01 s/n, Araraquara, SP, 14801-902, Brazil.
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Poteet E, Lewis P, Li F, Zhang S, Gu J, Chen C, Ho SO, Do T, Chiang S, Fujii G, Yao Q. A Novel Prime and Boost Regimen of HIV Virus-Like Particles with TLR4 Adjuvant MPLA Induces Th1 Oriented Immune Responses against HIV. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136862. [PMID: 26312747 PMCID: PMC4552547 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV virus-like particles (VLPs) present the HIV envelope protein in its native conformation, providing an ideal vaccine antigen. To enhance the immunogenicity of the VLP vaccine, we sought to improve upon two components; the route of administration and the additional adjuvant. Using HIV VLPs, we evaluated sub-cheek as a novel route of vaccine administration when combined with other conventional routes of immunization. Of five combinations of distinct prime and boost sequences, which included sub-cheek, intranasal, and intradermal routes of administration, intranasal prime and sub-cheek boost (IN+SC) resulted in the highest HIV-specific IgG titers among the groups tested. Using the IN+SC regimen we tested the adjuvant VesiVax Conjugatable Adjuvant Lipid Vesicles (CALV) + monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) at MPLA concentrations of 0, 7.5, 12.5, and 25 μg/dose in combination with our VLPs. Mice that received 12.5 or 25 μg/dose MPLA had the highest concentrations of Env-specific IgG2c (20.7 and 18.4 μg/ml respectively), which represents a Th1 type of immune response in C57BL/6 mice. This was in sharp contrast to mice which received 0 or 7.5 μg MPLA adjuvant (6.05 and 5.68 μg/ml of IgG2c respectively). In contrast to IgG2c, MPLA had minor effects on Env-specific IgG1; therefore, 12.5 and 25 μg/dose of MPLA induced the optimal IgG1/IgG2c ratio of 1.3. Additionally, the percentage of germinal center B cells increased significantly from 15.4% in the control group to 31.9% in the CALV + 25 μg MPLA group. These mice also had significantly more IL-2 and less IL-4 Env-specific CD8+ T cells than controls, correlating with an increased percentage of Env-specific central memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Our study shows the strong potential of IN+SC as an efficacious route of administration and the effectiveness of VLPs combined with MPLA adjuvant to induce Env specific Th1-oriented HIV-specific immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Poteet
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, United States of America
| | - Phoebe Lewis
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, United States of America
| | - Feng Li
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, United States of America
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, United States of America
| | - Jianhua Gu
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, United States of America
| | - Changyi Chen
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, United States of America
| | - Sam On Ho
- Molecular Express, Inc., Rancho Domínguez, CA, 90220, United States of America
| | - Thai Do
- Molecular Express, Inc., Rancho Domínguez, CA, 90220, United States of America
| | - SuMing Chiang
- Molecular Express, Inc., Rancho Domínguez, CA, 90220, United States of America
| | - Gary Fujii
- Molecular Express, Inc., Rancho Domínguez, CA, 90220, United States of America
| | - Qizhi Yao
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, United States of America
- Center for Translational Research on Inflammatory Diseases (CTRID), Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, 77030, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Li H, Zhang J, He Y, Li B, Chen L, Huang W, Zou Q, Wu C. Intranasal immunization with an epitope-based vaccine results in earlier protection, but not better protective efficacy, against Helicobacter pylori compared to subcutaneous immunization. Immunol Res 2015; 62:368-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s12026-015-8666-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Yang J, Dai LX, Pan X, Wang H, Li B, Zhu J, Li MY, Shi XL, Wang BN. Protection against Helicobacter pylori infection in BALB/c mice by oral administration of multi-epitope vaccine of CTB-UreI-UreB. Pathog Dis 2015; 73:ftv026. [PMID: 25846576 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftv026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic gastric infection by the Gram-negative bacterium Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is strongly associated with gastritis, gastric ulcer and the development of distal gastric carcinoma and gastric mucosal lymphoma in humans. Antibiotic treatment of H. pylori is becoming less effective because of increasing antibiotic resistance; other treatment approaches such as specifically targeted methods, etc. to destroy this organism would be beneficial. An epitope vaccine is a promising option for protection against H. pylori infection. In this study, a multi-epitope vaccine was constructed by linking cholera toxin B subunit (CTB), two antigenic fragments of H. pylori urease I subunit (UreI20-29, UreI98-107) and four antigenic fragments of H. pylori urease B subunit (UreB12-23, UreB229-251, UreB327-400, UreB515-561), resulting in the recombinant CTB-UreI-UreB (BIB). Its protective effect against H. pylori infection was evaluated in BALB/c mice. Significant protection against H. pylori challenge was achieved in BALB/c mice immunized with BIB (15/18, 83.3%), rIB plus rCTB (6/18, 33.3%) and rIB (2/18, 11.1%) separately, while no protective effect was found in the mice immunized with either adjuvant rCTB alone or PBS. The induction of significant protection against H. pylori is possibly mediated by specific serum IgA and mucosal sIgA antibodies, and a mixed Th1/Th2/Th17 cells response. This multi-epitope vaccine might be a promising vaccine candidate that helps to control H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Department of Microbiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China Sichuan Vaccine Technology Co. Ltd, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China Department of Infectious Disease, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, People's Republic of China Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lv-xia Dai
- Department of Microbiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China Experiment Teaching Center of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu College of Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Pan
- Department of Microbiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China Sichuan Vaccine Technology Co. Ltd, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongren Wang
- Department of Microbiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Bei Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, People's Republic of China Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Sichuan Vaccine Technology Co. Ltd, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-yuan Li
- Department of Microbiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Li Shi
- Department of Microbiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China Department of Pathobiology and Immunology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, People's Republic of China
| | - Bao-ning Wang
- Department of Microbiology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China
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Sharma M, Dixit A. Identification and immunogenic potential of B cell epitopes of outer membrane protein OmpF of Aeromonas hydrophila in translational fusion with a carrier protein. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:6277-91. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6398-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Anderl F, Gerhard M. Helicobacter pylori vaccination: Is there a path to protection? World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:11939-11949. [PMID: 25232229 PMCID: PMC4161780 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i34.11939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a pathogenic, extracellular bacterium that colonizes the stomach in approximately 50% of the world population. It strongly interacts with the gastric epithelium and mostly causes asymptomatic gastritis. The colonization of H. pylori leads to ulcer development in around 20% of infected patients and may progress to gastric cancer or mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma in 1%. Thus, H. pylori is the major cause of gastric cancer worldwide. It has been classified as a class I carcinogen by the World Health Organization. Since its discovery in the early eighties by Warren and Marshall, research has been focused on the investigation of H. pylori biology, host-pathogen interaction, prevention and treatment. Although H. pylori induces a strong humoral and local cellular immune response, the pathogen is not cleared and establishes a chronic infection after encounters in childhood. The ability to colonize the stomach is mediated by several virulence factors that change the host environment, promote adhesion to the epithelium, influence the gastric inflammation and induce immune evasion. H. pylori can be eradicated by antibiotic treatment in combination with a proton-pump inhibitor, but efficacy is decreasing. Current therapies are expensive, have side effects and contribute to increasing antibiotic resistance, underlining the need for novel therapeutics.
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Outer membrane inflammatory protein A, a new virulence factor involved in the pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:7807-14. [PMID: 25096514 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3673-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) represent an important class of proteins that are observed in gram-negative bacteria, mitochondria and chloroplasts. These proteins play diverse biological roles in protein translocation, cell-cell communication and signal transduction. A variety of OMPs have been identified in the gastrointestinal pathogen Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) since it was first isolated in 1983. Among these proteins, outer membrane inflammatory protein A (OipA), which is encoded by hopH and unique to this pathogen, is a differentially expressed outer membrane protein that has been confirmed to be directly linked to H. pylori colonization, as well as to the pathogenesis of H. pylori and disease outcome. In this review, we will describe the progress of recent studies on OipA, particularly those on the functions and biological significance of this unique protein.
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Wang FC, Xie Y. Role of HMGB1/TLR signaling pathway in Helicobacter pylori infection. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2013; 21:3526-3531. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v21.i32.3526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), as a mediator of late inflammation, provides a wide therapeutic window. Extracellular HMGB1 as an endogenous injury-related molecule promotes the development of inflammation and damage by binding to its receptors. Studies have discovered that lipopolysaccharide and vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA) of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) are strong stimulating factors of HMGB1 expression, and its extracellular receptors Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are closely associated with H. pylori infection and pathogenicity. Therefore, the HMGB1/TLR signaling pathway may play an important role in inflammatory response and immune abnormalities caused by H. pylori infection. This article will discuss the role of the HMGB1/TLR signaling pathway in H. pylori infection.
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Abstract
Over the last decades, it has become evident that chronic infection by Helicobacter pylori is achieved by colonizing an almost exclusive niche and hiding from many of the host's cellular immune defense mechanisms. Although recent years have seen progress in our understanding of the innate and adaptive immune response against H. pylori, it is still uncertain how to promote the development of immunity with the final goal of a successful vaccine. Research published in the last year revealed an intriguing mutual regulation of innate response mechanisms of mucosal epithelial cells by the host and H. pylori, respectively. A further focus was put on the interaction between H. pylori and dendritic cells, with some emphasis on the inflammasome and the resulting T-cell responses. Moreover, the function of microRNAs in macrophages and gastric MALT lymphoma development has been studied in more detail. Several novel antigens and adjuvants have been tested as vaccination strategies, primarily in mice. In this review, we present a concise summary of advances in the area of inflammation, immunity, and vaccines during the last twelve months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Koch
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
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