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MINGFU N, QIANG G, YANG L, YING H, CHENGSHUI L, CUILI Q. The antimicrobial peptide MetchnikowinII enhances Ptfa antigen immune responses against avian Pasteurella multocida in chickens. J Vet Med Sci 2023; 85:964-971. [PMID: 37407447 PMCID: PMC10539814 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.22-0579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunostimulants and vaccines are the main means for controlling infectious diseases and searching highly effective and low toxic immunestimulants has always been the focus of researchers. The MetchnikowinII (MetII) had been expressed by us and exhibited both antibacterial and antifungal activities, in this study, we evaluated its potential for an adjuvant effect. In chickens, antigen-specific immunoglobulin Gs (IgGs) were increased after MetII adjuvanted vaccination using the Ptfa protein. Compared to group Ptfa + iFA, which was only adjuvanted with incomplete Freund's adjuvant (iFA), the antibody titers of the group Ptfa + iFA + Met20 μg·mL-1 (PFM20) and Ptfa + iFA + Propolis (PFP) significantly increased (P<0.05). Likewise, Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) cytokines in group Ptfa + iFA + Met20 μg·mL-1 (PFM20) and Ptfa + iFA + Propolis (PFP) were significantly higher than those of the other three experimental groups (P<0.05). The stimulation index (SI) value in chickens of group PFM20 was significantly higher than that of the other four experimental groups (P<0.05). Chickens that received MetII adjuvanted vaccinations benefitted from higher protection rate (88%) when challenged with Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida), which was significantly higher than those of group PF and PFP (P<0.05). These results suggested that the antimicrobial peptide MetII may play an adjuvant role in the immune response in chickens but need a proper usage, because the higher usage of 40 μg·mL-1 and 60 μg·mL-1 resulted poor effect. Whether MetII could be a potential adjuvant or a biomolecule as part of a complex adjuvant for vaccines needs more experimental evidence, the study still provides an examples for understanding vaccine adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niu MINGFU
- Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Gong QIANG
- Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Li YANG
- Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Hou YING
- Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Liao CHENGSHUI
- Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Qin CUILI
- Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
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Li HJ, Yang BT, Sun YF, Zhao T, Hao ZP, Gu W, Sun MX, Cong W, Kang YH. Oral vaccination with recombinant Lactobacillus casei with surface displayed OmpK fused to CTB as an adjuvant against Vibrio mimicus infection in Carassius auratus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 135:108659. [PMID: 36868535 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio mimicus (V. mimicus) is a pathogenic bacterium that causes diseases in humans and various aquatic animals. A particularly efficient way to provide protection against V. mimicus is through vaccination. However, there are few commercial vaccines against V. mimics, especially oral vaccines. In our study, two surface-display recombinant Lactobacillus casei (L. casei) Lc-pPG-OmpK and Lc-pPG-OmpK-CTB were constructed using L. casei ATCC393 as an antigen delivery vector, outer membrane protein K (OmpK) of V. mimicus as an antigen, and cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) as a molecular adjuvant; furthermore, the immunological effects of recombinant L.casei in Carassius auratus (C. auratus) were assessed. The results indicated that oral recombinant L.casei Lc-pPG-OmpK and Lc-pPG-OmpK-CTB stimulated higher levels of serum-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) and increased the activity of acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), lysozyme (LYS), lectin, C3, and C4 in C. auratus, compared with control groups (Lc-pPG group and PBS group). Furthermore, the expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in the liver, spleen, head kidney, hind intestine and gills of C. auratus was significantly increased, compared with that in the controls. These results demonstrated that the two recombinant L. casei strains could effectively trigger humoral and cellular immunity in C. auratus. In addition, two recombinant L.casei strains were able to survive and colonize the intestine of C. auratus. Importantly, after being challenged with V. mimicus, C. auratus fed Lc-pPG-OmpK and Lc-pPG-OmpK-CTB exhibited greater survival rates than the controls (52.08% and 58.33%, respectively). The data showed that recombinant L. casei could elicit a protective immunological response in C. auratus. The effect of the Lc-pPG-OmpK-CTB group was better than that of the Lc-pPG-OmpK group, and Lc-pPG-OmpK-CTB was found to be an effective candidate for oral vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jin Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, China; College of Veterinary Medicine / College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Bin-Tong Yang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, China; Shandong Fu Han Ocean Sci-Tech Co., Ltd, Haiyang, 265100, China
| | - Yu-Feng Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine / College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, China; College of Veterinary Medicine / College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Hao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, China
| | - Wei Gu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Microecological Preparation, Shandong Baolai-Leelai Bio-Tech Co., Ltd, Tai'an, 271000, China
| | - Meng-Xia Sun
- Shandong Fu Han Ocean Sci-Tech Co., Ltd, Haiyang, 265100, China
| | - Wei Cong
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, China.
| | - Yuan-Huan Kang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Microecological Preparation, Shandong Baolai-Leelai Bio-Tech Co., Ltd, Tai'an, 271000, China.
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Li Y, Xiao J, Chang YF, Zhang H, Teng Y, Lin W, Li H, Chen W, Zhang X, Xie Q. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the recombinant Pasteurella multocida lipoproteins VacJ and PlpE, and outer membrane protein H from P. multocida A:1 in ducks. Front Immunol 2022; 13:985993. [PMID: 36275745 PMCID: PMC9585203 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.985993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Duck cholera (duck hemorrhagic septicemia) is a highly contagious disease caused by Pasteurella multocida, and is one of the major bacterial diseases currently affecting the duck industry. Type A is the predominant pathogenic serotype. In this study, the genes encoding the lipoproteins VacJ, PlpE, and the outer membrane protein OmpH of P. multocida strain PMWSG-4 were cloned and expressed as proteins in E. coli. The recombinant VacJ (84.4 kDa), PlpE (94.8 kDa), and OmpH (96.7 kDa) proteins were purified, and subunit vaccines were formulated with a single water-in-oil adjuvant, while killed vaccines were prepared using a single oil-coated adjuvant. Antibody responses in ducks vaccinated with recombinant VacJ, PlpE, and OmpH proteins formulated with adjuvants were significantly antigenic (p<0.005). Protectivity of the vaccines was evaluated via the intraperitoneal challenge of ducks with 20 LD50 doses of P. multocida A: 1. The vaccine formulation consisting of rVacJ, rPlpE, rOmpH, and adjuvant provided 33.3%, 83.33%, and 83.33% protection, respectively, the vaccine formulation consisting of three recombinant proteins, rVacJ, rPlpE, rOmpH and adjuvant, was 100% protective, and the killed vaccine was 50% protective. In addition, it was shown through histopathological examination and tissue bacterial load detection that all vaccines could reduce tissue damage and bacterial colonization to varying (p<0.001). These findings indicated that recombinant PlpE or OmpH fusion proteins formulated with oil adjuvants have the potential to be used as vaccine candidates against duck cholera subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Li
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junfang Xiao
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yung-Fu Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Hui Zhang
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yutao Teng
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wencheng Lin
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongxin Li
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiguo Chen
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinheng Zhang
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingmei Xie
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Qingmei Xie,
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Ghosh S, Al-Sharify ZT, Maleka MF, Onyeaka H, Maleke M, Maolloum A, Godoy L, Meskini M, Rami MR, Ahmadi S, Al-Najjar SZ, Al-Sharify NT, Ahmed SM, Dehghani MH. Propolis efficacy on SARS-COV viruses: a review on antimicrobial activities and molecular simulations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:58628-58647. [PMID: 35794320 PMCID: PMC9258455 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21652-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This current study review provides a brief review of a natural bee product known as propolis and its relevance toward combating SARS-CoV viruses. Propolis has been utilized in medicinal products for centuries due to its excellent biological properties. These include anti-oxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-fungal, and bactericidal activities. Furthermore, studies on molecular simulations show that flavonoids in propolis may reduce viral replication. While further research is needed to validate this theory, it has been observed that COVID-19 patients receiving propolis show earlier viral clearance, enhanced symptom recovery, quicker discharge from hospitals, and a reduced mortality rate relative to other patients. As a result, it appears that propolis could probably be useful in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. Therefore, this review sought to explore the natural properties of propolis and further evaluated past studies that investigated propolis as an alternative product for the treatment of COVID-19 symptoms. In addition, the review also highlights the possible mode of propolis action as well as molecular simulations of propolis compounds that may interact with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The activity of propolis compounds in decreasing the impact of COVID-19-related comorbidities, the possible roles of such compounds as COVID-19 vaccine adjuvants, and the use of nutraceuticals in COVID-19 treatment, instead of pharmaceuticals, has also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Ghosh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa
| | - Zainab T Al-Sharify
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Bab-al-Mu'adhem, P.O. Box 14150, Baghdad, Iraq
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Mathabatha Frank Maleka
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa
| | - Helen Onyeaka
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Maleke Maleke
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Science, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa
| | - Alhaji Maolloum
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Maroua, PO BOX 46, Maroua, Cameroon
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, PO BOX 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | - Liliana Godoy
- Department of Fruit and Oenology, Faculty of Agronomy and Forestry, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maryam Meskini
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Teheran, Iran
- Mycobacteriology & Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Teheran, Iran
| | - Mina Rezghi Rami
- Department of Chemistry, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-4416, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shabnam Ahmadi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahad Z Al-Najjar
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Noor T Al-Sharify
- Medical Instrumentation Engineering Department, Al-Esraa University College, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Sura M Ahmed
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Hadi Dehghani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Center for Solid Waste Research, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Mu D, Jiang Y, He J, Zhang Y, Yang D, Liu Q, Wang Z. Dietary supplementation of propolis enhanced the innate immune response against Edwardsiella piscicida challenge in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 124:273-279. [PMID: 35314331 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Propolis is non-hazardous resinous substance mixture containing bioactive ingredients such as polyphenols, flavonoids and organic acid. It has been widely used as food supplement and immune adjuvant due to its benefits in anti-microbial and immunomodulation. Edwardsiella piscicida is a kind of threatening pathogen which could cause high mortality in turbot. However, whether propolis could enhance the innate immune response against E. piscicida infection in turbot remains unknown. In this study, we found dietary propolis addition could improve the expression of anti-oxidative stress related enzymes, e.g., SOD, CAT and GPT, and relieved the histopathological changes of juvenile turbot after E. piscicida infection. Moreover, propolis addition increased the expression of cytokines such as il-1β, il-6 and tnf-α in different organs of juvenile turbot. Importantly, rescued survival and decreased bacterial loads were observed in propolis feeding group. Taken together, these findings suggest that the important roles of propolis in protecting juvenile turbot from E. piscicida infection, indicating propolis might be applied as a promising immunopotentiator candidate in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jing He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yuanxing Zhang
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Dahai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Qin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Maricultured Animal Vaccines, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Zhuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
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A review of natural foods consumed during the COVID-19 pandemic life. POSTEP HIG MED DOSW 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/ahem-2022-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease that has brought life to a standstill around the world. Until a vaccine was found to combat COVID-19, the world conducted research and made recommendations for nutritional natural foods. Considering the risks incurred by contracting the disease, even though the production of various vaccines and vaccination of healthy people has started in some countries, individuals need useful foods to be ready for the COVID-19 pandemic. Recently, nutrient contents such as antioxidant compounds, vitamins, minerals, and probiotics that contribute to the immune system have been investigated. This paper attempts to determine the role of these dietary supplements in reducing the risk of COVID-19 and/or changing the course of the disease in COVID-19 patients and their effects on mortality. Supplements used and recommended for the COVID-19 pandemic life were investigated. In conclusion, more research is needed to determine the effectiveness of nutrients, vitamins, minerals, probiotics, prebiotics, and antioxidants used during the COVID-19 pandemic to inhibit the effect of SARS-CoV-2. In order to overcome the new global crisis, nutritional cures and treatments should be upgraded. However, additional research on the subject is needed.
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Liu J, Zhang Z, Bai A, Sha Y, Ma L, Qin S, Chen F, Qin S, Wu J. Prophylactic Efficacy of Equine Immunoglobulin F(ab') 2 Fragments Against Feline Parvovirus. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2021; 193:3151-3162. [PMID: 34086256 PMCID: PMC8175436 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03591-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Feline parvovirus (FPV), a type of parvovirus prevalent worldwide, can cause foetal death and acute enteritis in adult cats with severe leukopenia, and yet there are no effective drugs to prevent or treat FPV. Here, the immune effects of two FPV vaccines on horses were compared. IgG was extracted from FPV-immunized horse sera. Equine F(ab')2 fragments were obtained from pepsin-digested IgG and then purified by protein-G column chromatography. The results showed that the inactivated FPV oil vaccine was more effective than the inactivated FPV propolis vaccine in helping healthy horses to produce hyper-immune serum. Four methods were tested, among which the optimized octanoic acid-ammonium sulphate precipitation method was proved to be the best process for extracting IgG. The optimal condition for preparing F(ab')2 by pepsin digestion was 30 °C for 3.5 h, and the content, purity and recovery of F(ab')2 were 8.64 mg/mL, 90.36% and 93.24%, respectively. Our equine immunoglobulin F(ab')2 fragments effectively neutralized activity in vitro against FPV, alleviated the clinical symptoms of FPV-infected cats, reduced the viral loads in the intestine and had prophylactic effects in FPV-infected cats. These results indicate that the F(ab')2 fragment prepared from inactivated FPV-immunized horses may be used as a prophylactic agent for diseases caused by FPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, 530001, China
| | - Zhenjiang Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, 530001, China
| | - Anbin Bai
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, 530001, China
| | - Yiyu Sha
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, 530001, China
| | - Ling Ma
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, 530001, China
| | - Shaomin Qin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, 530001, China
| | - Fenglian Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, 530001, China
| | - Shuying Qin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, 530001, China
| | - Jianmin Wu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, 530001, China.
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Asfaram S, Fakhar M, Keighobadi M, Akhtari J. Promising Anti-Protozoan Activities of Propolis (Bee Glue) as Natural Product: A Review. Acta Parasitol 2021; 66:1-12. [PMID: 32691360 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-020-00254-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Propolis (bee glue) is a resinous mixture of different plant exudates that possesses a wide range of biological and antimicrobial activities and has been used as a food supplement and in complementary medicine for centuries. Some researchers have proposed that propolis could be a potential curative compound against microbial agents such as protozoan parasitic infections by different and occasionally unknown mechanisms due to the immunoregulatory function and antioxidant capacity of this natural product. METHODS In this review, we concentrate on in vitro and in vivo anti-protozoan activities of propolis extracts/fractions in the published literature. RESULTS In Leishmania, propolis inhibits the proliferation of promastigotes and produces an anti-inflammatory effect via the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production. In addition, it increases macrophage activation, TLR-2, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-17 production, and downregulation of IL-12. In Plasmodium and Trypanosoma, propolis inhibits the parasitemia, improving anemia and increasing the IFN-γ, TNF-α, and GM-CSF cytokines levels, most likely due to its strong immunomodulatory activity. Moreover, propolis extract arrests proliferation of T. cruzi, because it has aromatic acids and flavonoids. In toxoplasmosis, propolis increases the specific IgM and IgG titers via decreasing the serum IFN-γ, IL-1, and IL-6 cytokines levels in the rats infected with T. gondii. In Cryptosporidium and Giardia, it decreases oocysts shedding due to phytochemical constituents, particularly phenolic compounds, and increases the number of goblet cells. Propolis inhibits the growth of Blastocystis, possibly by apoptotic mechanisms like metronidazole. Unfortunately, the mechanism action of propolis' anti-Trichomonas and anti-Acanthamoeba is not well-known yet. CONCLUSION Reviewing the related literature could highlight promising antimicrobial activities of propolis against intracellular and extracellular protozoan parasites; this could shed light on the exploration of more effective drugs for the treatment of protozoan parasitic infections in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Asfaram
- Research Center for Zoonoses, Parasitic and Microbial Diseases, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Iranian National Registry Center for Lophomoniasis and Toxoplasmosis, Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Farah-Abad Road, P.O Box: 48471-91971, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahdi Fakhar
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Iranian National Registry Center for Lophomoniasis and Toxoplasmosis, Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Farah-Abad Road, P.O Box: 48471-91971, Sari, Iran.
| | - Masoud Keighobadi
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Iranian National Registry Center for Lophomoniasis and Toxoplasmosis, Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Farah-Abad Road, P.O Box: 48471-91971, Sari, Iran.
| | - Javad Akhtari
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Gong H, Wang Q, Lai Y, Zhao C, Sun C, Chen Z, Tao J, Huang Z. Study on Immune Response of Organs of Epinephelus coioides and Carassius auratus After Immersion Vaccination With Inactivated Vibrio harveyi Vaccine. Front Immunol 2021; 11:622387. [PMID: 33633740 PMCID: PMC7900426 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.622387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Immersion vaccination relies on the response of fish mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues, the Crucian carp (Carassius auratus) and Grouper (Epinephelus coioides) were researched in this paper to examine local mucosal immune responses and associated humoral system responses following immersion vaccination. We administered 1.5 × 107 CFU/ml formalin-inactivated Vibrio harveyi cells and measured mucus and serum antibody titers as well as IgM, MHC II mRNA levels in immune organs. The mucosal antibody response preceded the serum response indicating a role for local mucosal immunity in immersion vaccination. IgM and MHC II mRNA levels were relatively greater for the spleen and head kidney indicating the importance and central position of systemic immunity. Expression levels were also high for the gills while skin levels were the lowest. IgM and MHC II mRNA levels were altered over time following vaccination and the hindgut, liver and spleen were similar indicating a close relationship, so the absolute value of r is used to analyze the correlation among different organs immunized. It can be inferred the existence of an internal immune molecular mechanism for Immune synergy hindgut-liver-spleen, from the peak time (14th day), the relative ratio of genes expression in the same tissues between the immunized grouper and the control group (26 times), and Pearson correlation coefficient (0.8<|r|<1). Injection challenges with live V. harveyi indicated that the relative protection rates for the crucian carp and Grouper was basically the same at 44.4% and 47.4%, respectively. It is believe that crucian carp may be used as a substitute for the valuable grouper in immunity experiment, just from aspect of the relative percent survival (RPS) and how it changes with time. But they were not consistent about the IgM mRNA expression between that of crucian carp and grouper after immersion the Vibrio vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Gong
- Key Lab of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Key Lab of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Key Lab of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Key Lab of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingtiao Lai
- Key Lab of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Key Lab of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changchen Zhao
- Key Lab of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Key Lab of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenwen Sun
- Key Lab of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Key Lab of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zonghui Chen
- Key Lab of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Key Lab of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiafa Tao
- Key Lab of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Key Lab of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhibin Huang
- Key Lab of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Key Lab of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Brilhante Bezerra FS, Silva Rezende ADF, Oliveira Silva MTD, Sena-Lopes Â, Roesch-Ely M, Pêgas Henriques JA, Padilha FF, Carvalho Azevedo VA, Dias Portela RW, Seixas FK, Collares TV, Savegnago L, Borsuk S. The combination of Brazilian red propolis and recombinant protein rCP01850 in the immunoprophylaxis of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection in mice. Microb Pathog 2020; 149:104354. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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11
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Berretta AA, Silveira MAD, Cóndor Capcha JM, De Jong D. Propolis and its potential against SARS-CoV-2 infection mechanisms and COVID-19 disease: Running title: Propolis against SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110622. [PMID: 32890967 PMCID: PMC7430291 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Propolis, a resinous material produced by honey bees from plant exudates, has long been used in traditional herbal medicine and is widely consumed as a health aid and immune system booster. The COVID-19 pandemic has renewed interest in propolis products worldwide; fortunately, various aspects of the SARS-CoV-2 infection mechanism are potential targets for propolis compounds. SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells is characterized by viral spike protein interaction with cellular angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and serine protease TMPRSS2. This mechanism involves PAK1 overexpression, which is a kinase that mediates coronavirus-induced lung inflammation, fibrosis, and immune system suppression. Propolis components have inhibitory effects on the ACE2, TMPRSS2 and PAK1 signaling pathways; in addition, antiviral activity has been proven in vitro and in vivo. In pre-clinical studies, propolis promoted immunoregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including reduction in IL-6, IL-1 beta and TNF-α. This immunoregulation involves monocytes and macrophages, as well as Jak2/STAT3, NF-kB, and inflammasome pathways, reducing the risk of cytokine storm syndrome, a major mortality factor in advanced COVID-19 disease. Propolis has also shown promise as an aid in the treatment of various of the comorbidities that are particularly dangerous in COVID-19 patients, including respiratory diseases, hypertension, diabetes, and cancer. Standardized propolis products with consistent bioactive properties are now available. Given the current emergency caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and limited therapeutic options, propolis is presented as a promising and relevant therapeutic option that is safe, easy to administrate orally and is readily available as a natural supplement and functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andresa Aparecida Berretta
- Research, Development and Innovation Department, Apis Flora Indl. Coml. Ltda, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | - José Manuel Cóndor Capcha
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute at Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States.
| | - David De Jong
- Genetics Department, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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12
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Mojarab S, Shahbazzadeh D, Moghbeli M, Eshraghi Y, Bagheri KP, Rahimi R, Savoji MA, Mahdavi M. Immune responses to HIV-1 polytope vaccine candidate formulated in aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Propolis: Comparable immune responses to Alum and Freund adjuvants. Microb Pathog 2019; 140:103932. [PMID: 31857237 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Today's, vaccination is the most cost-effective approaches for preventing infectious diseases. In this strategy, adjuvants play an important role. Propolis from honey bee can stimulate the immune system and several studies have shown the modulating effects of Propolis on the immune responses. Here, the adjuvant effects of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Propolis were studied on the multi-epitope vaccines against HIV-1. A recombinant vaccine against HIV-1 was prepared and BALB/c mice were immunized. subcutaneously on day 0 with 100 μl of candidate vaccine (10 μg) formulated in an alcoholic extract of Propolis. The second group of mice was immunized with the vaccine (10 μg) formulated in aqueous extract of Propolis. Also, candidate vaccine was formulated in Freund's and Alum adjuvants in the third and fourth groups. Experimental mice were immunized three times with two week intervals under the same conditions and suitable control groups. After final injection, lymphocyte proliferation was measured by BrdU method, IL-4 and IFN-γ cytokines, specific total IgG antibodies, IgG1 and IgG2a isotypes were evaluated using ELISA. The results show that the aqueous and alcoholic extracts were able to enhance lymphocyte proliferation, IL-4 and IFN-γ cytokines and antibody responses with dominant IgG1 pattern and comparable to Freund's and Alum adjuvants. It seems that aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Propolis show adjuvant activity and may be useful for vaccine formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Mojarab
- Recombinant Vaccine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Damghan Branch, Damghan, Iran
| | - Delavar Shahbazzadeh
- Biotechnology Research Center, Venom and Biotherapeutic Molecules Lab., Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Majid Moghbeli
- Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Damghan Branch, Damghan, Iran
| | - Yasaman Eshraghi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences & Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamran Pooshang Bagheri
- Biotechnology Research Center, Venom and Biotherapeutic Molecules Lab., Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roghieh Rahimi
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Education and Research in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Savoji
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences & Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mahdavi
- Recombinant Vaccine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Immunotherapy Group, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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13
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Song C, Li F, Wang S, Wang J, Wei W, Ma G. Recent Advances in Particulate Adjuvants for Cancer Vaccination. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.201900115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical EngineeringInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical EngineeringInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Shuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical EngineeringInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
| | - Jianghua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical EngineeringInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical EngineeringInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Guanghui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical EngineeringInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
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Abstract
With a concomitant increase in immune-related diseases such as allergic diseases, Type 1 diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease and other immune-related responses such as immunodeficiency, various infectious, diseases, vaccines, and malignancies, it has become very important to have a well-balanced and properly functioning immune system for the maintenance of human health. Recent scientific research has strongly suggested propolis as one of the most promising immunomodulation agents. This review describes recent findings with respect to propolis and its ingredients that show potential in this respect and evaluate their potential mechanisms. The author believes that propolis or/and its ingredients alone and in combination could be promising in manipulating the immune response and inducing immunomodulation. Further exploratory studies are needed to support large clinical trials toward further development of propolis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Al-Hariri
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Homayoon M, Tahamtan Y, Kargar M, Hosseini SMH, Akhavan Sepahy A. Pasteurella multocida inactivated with ferric chloride and adjuvanted with bacterial DNA is a potent and efficacious vaccine in Balb/c mice. J Med Microbiol 2018; 67:1383-1390. [PMID: 30016232 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida) is a principal pathogen of domestic animals and an opportunistic pathogen of humans. It is the causative agent of pneumonia and haemorrhagic septicaemia in cattle, sheep and goats, fowl cholera in chickens and progressive atrophic rhinitis in swine. In this study, we investigated the humoral and cellular immune responses and protective immunity conferred by an iron-inactivated vaccine with bacterial DNA (IIV+bDNA) as an adjuvant in mice. METHODOLOGY P. multocida was grown in BHI broth, inactivated with formalin and FeCl3 and adjuvanted with alum and bDNA. Mice were immunized with two whole-cell inactivated vaccine doses 2 weeks apart. The animals were challenged 4 weeks after booster immunization. Immunogens (vaccines and bDNA) posed no safety problems when mice were injected subcutaneously (s/c) with these preparations. The serum antibody titres were tested by ELISA. At 28 days post immunization, cell-mediated immunity responses were determined. The responses were measured by assay of IL-6 and IL-12 in lymphocyte spleen culture supernatants. RESULTS ELISA results showed that the levels of antibodies in iron inactivated with bDNA adjuvant groups were higher than in the formalin inactivated with alum adjuvant vaccine group. The protection rate of IIV+bDNA adjuvant vaccine was superior to that of the other vaccines and it protected 100 % of the challenge group mice. Following immunization, bDNA promoted increased production of interleukins compared to the control groups. CONCLUSION These studies indicate that bDNA is effective as an immune adjuvant, and along with stimulatory bDNA represent promising new humoral and cellular immune enhancers for vaccination applications. In addition, this vaccine is able to provide long-term protection against infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Homayoon
- 1Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yahya Tahamtan
- 2Department of Microbiology, Shiraz Branch, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agriculture Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kargar
- 3Department of Microbiology, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Hossein Hosseini
- 2Department of Microbiology, Shiraz Branch, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agriculture Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abbas Akhavan Sepahy
- 4Department of Microbiology, Tehran North Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Takeda K, Nagamatsu K, Okumura K. A water-soluble derivative of propolis augments the cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 218:51-58. [PMID: 29496576 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Propolis, a resinous material collected from numerous plants by honeybees, has historically been used as a health-promoting food. Recently, due to its potential anti-tumor effects, use of propolis has been proposed as an adjuvant therapy to chemotherapy; however, the effects of propolis on immune responses remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, we examined the effects of the oral ingestion of propolis on natural killer (NK) cell activity, which is important in immune surveillance against cancer and viral infections. In addition, we assessed the effects of the major components of the water-soluble powder derivative of propolis (WPP). MATERIALS AND METHODS C57BL/6 (B6) wild-type (WT) and RAG 2-deficient (RAG-/-) mice and BALB/c WT, interferon (IFN)-γ-deficient (IFN-γ-/-), IFN-γ receptor-deficient (IFN-γR-/-) and RAG-/- mice were orally administered WPP or its major components. NK cell populations and cytotoxic activity were then examined by flow cytometry and 51Cr release assay, respectively. RESULTS While the cytotoxic activity of NK cells was increased following administration of 100 mg/kg/day of WPP for 7 days or 200 or 500 mg/kg/day of WPP for 4 days in WT mice, the proportions of NK cell populations were unaltered. Similar activation of NK cell cytotoxicity was observed when RAG-/-, but not IFN-γ-/- or IFN-γR-/-, mice were orally administered 200 mg/kg/day of WPP for 4 days. Oral ingestion of artepillin C or p-coumaric acid, but not drupanin, augmented NK cell cytotoxicity in a manner similar to WPP and to the mixture of these three components. CONCLUSION These results suggest that oral ingestion of WPP enhances NK cell cytotoxic activity, but not proliferation, in a manner dependent on IFN-γ and without the contribution of acquired immune responses. Further, artepillin C or p-coumaric acid, but not drupanin, may be the components responsible for this augmentation of NK cell cytotoxicity. These findings suggest the possible utility of WPP as a therapeutic for prevention of cancer development and against viral infection through NK cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyoshi Takeda
- Division of Cell Biology, Biomedical Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Department of Biofunctional Microbiota, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Katashi Nagamatsu
- Morikawa Kenkodo Co., Ltd., 2170 Taguchi, Kousa-machi, Kamimashiki-gun, Kumamoto 861-4616, Japan.
| | - Ko Okumura
- Department of Biofunctional Microbiota, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; Atopy (Allergy) Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
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Sena-Lopes Â, Bezerra FSB, das Neves RN, de Pinho RB, Silva MTDO, Savegnago L, Collares T, Seixas F, Begnini K, Henriques JAP, Ely MR, Rufatto LC, Moura S, Barcellos T, Padilha F, Dellagostin O, Borsuk S. Chemical composition, immunostimulatory, cytotoxic and antiparasitic activities of the essential oil from Brazilian red propolis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191797. [PMID: 29390009 PMCID: PMC5794096 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Most studies of Brazilian red propolis have explored the composition and biological properties of its ethanolic extracts. In this work, we chemically extracted and characterized the essential oil of Brazilian red propolis (EOP) and assessed its adjuvant, antiparasitic and cytotoxic activities. The chemical composition of EOP was analyzed using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). EOP was tested for in vitro activity against Trichomonas vaginalis (ATCC 30236 isolate); trophozoites were treated with different concentrations of EOP (ranging from 25 to 500 μg/mL) in order to establish the MIC and IC50 values. A cytotoxicity assay was performed in CHO-K1 cells submitted to different EOP concentrations. BALB/c mice were used to test the adjuvant effect of EOP. The animals were divided in 3 groups and inoculated as follows: 0.4 ng/kg BW EOP (G1); 50 μg of rCP40 protein (G2); or a combination of 0.4 ng/kg BW EOP and 50 μg of rCP40 (G3). Total IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a levels were assessed by ELISA. The major constituent compounds of EOP were methyl eugenol (13.1%), (E)-β-farnesene (2.50%), and δ-amorphene (2.3%). Exposure to EOP inhibited the growth of T. vaginalis, with an IC50 value of 100 μg/mL of EOP. An EOP concentration of 500 μg/mL was able to kill 100% of the T. vaginalis trophozoites. The EOP kinetic growth curve showed a 36% decrease in trophozoite growth after a 12 h exposure to 500 μg/mL of EOP, while complete parasite death was induced at 24 h. With regard to CHO-K1 cells, the CC50 was 266 μg/mL, and 92% cytotoxicity was observed after exposure to 500 μg/mL of EOP. Otherwise, a concentration of 200 μg/mL of EOP was able to reduce parasite proliferation by 70% and was not cytotoxic to CHO-K1 cells. As an adjuvant, a synergistic effect was observed when EOP was combined with the rCP40 protein (G3) in comparison to the administration of each component alone (G1 and G2), resulting in higher concentrations of IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a. EOP is constituted by biologically active components with promising antiparasitic and immunostimulatory activities and can be investigated for the formulation of new vaccines or trichomonacidal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ângela Sena-Lopes
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico (CDTEc), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Capão do Leão, Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Francisco Silvestre Brilhante Bezerra
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico (CDTEc), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Capão do Leão, Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Raquel Nascimento das Neves
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico (CDTEc), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Capão do Leão, Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Barros de Pinho
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico (CDTEc), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Capão do Leão, Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mara Thais de Oliveira Silva
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico (CDTEc), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Capão do Leão, Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Lucielli Savegnago
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico (CDTEc), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Capão do Leão, Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Tiago Collares
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico (CDTEc), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Capão do Leão, Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Seixas
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico (CDTEc), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Capão do Leão, Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Karine Begnini
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico (CDTEc), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Capão do Leão, Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - João Antonio Pêgas Henriques
- Departamento de Tecnologia, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mariana Roesch Ely
- Departamento de Tecnologia, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luciane C. Rufatto
- Departamento de Tecnologia, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Sidnei Moura
- Departamento de Tecnologia, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Thiago Barcellos
- Departamento de Tecnologia, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Francine Padilha
- Instituto de Tecnologia e Pesquisa (ITP), Universidade de Tiradente, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Odir Dellagostin
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico (CDTEc), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Capão do Leão, Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Sibele Borsuk
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico (CDTEc), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Campus Capão do Leão, Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Yang S, Li G, Zhao Z, Feng M, Fu J, Huang Z, Song M, Lin S. The Taishan Robinia pseudoacacia polysaccharides enhance immune effects of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus inactivated vaccines. Microb Pathog 2017; 112:70-75. [PMID: 28935204 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Robinia pseudoacacia flower, a common component in traditional Chinese medicine, has long been well-known for its high pharmaceutical value. This study aimed to assess the immunopotentiating effects of Taishan Robinia Pseudoacacia polysaccharides (TRPPS) in rabbits inoculated with a rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) inactivated vaccine. The rabbits were administered with the RHDV vaccine in conjunction with varying concentrations of TRPPS, and their blood samples were collected at different time points to analyze the ratio and number of blood lymphocytes. In addition, sera were prepared and analyzed to determine the overall antibody titer and the level of IL-2, a cytokine commonly used as an indicator of immune activity. The various TRPPS-supplemented vaccines were shown to be more effective in enhancing the immune functions of the inoculated rabbits compared to their polysaccharide-free counterpart, with 200 mg/mL of TRPPS exhibiting the most pronounced benefits that were comparable to those of propolis. In addition, the TRPPS-supplemented RHDV inactivated vaccines could significantly improve the survival rates of the immunized rabbits against RHDV infection. Our studies offered convincing experimental evidence for the development of TRPPS as a new type of plant-derived immunopotentiator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifa Yang
- Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Shandong, Jinan 250023, China
| | - Guiming Li
- Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Shandong, Jinan 250023, China
| | - Zengcheng Zhao
- Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Shandong, Jinan 250023, China
| | - Minyan Feng
- Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Shandong, Jinan 250023, China
| | - Jian Fu
- Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Shandong, Jinan 250023, China
| | - Zhongli Huang
- Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Shandong, Jinan 250023, China
| | - Minxun Song
- Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Shandong, Jinan 250023, China
| | - Shuqian Lin
- Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Shandong, Jinan 250023, China.
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Woods N, Niwasabutra K, Acevedo R, Igoli J, Altwaijry N, Tusiimire J, Gray A, Watson D, Ferro V. Natural Vaccine Adjuvants and Immunopotentiators Derived From Plants, Fungi, Marine Organisms, and Insects. IMMUNOPOTENTIATORS IN MODERN VACCINES 2017. [PMCID: PMC7148613 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-804019-5.00011-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Immunopotentiators derived from different natural sources are under investigation with varying success. This chapter gives an overview of developments from plants, fungi, marine organisms, and insects. Plant-derived immune stimulators consist of a diverse range of small molecules or large polysaccharides. Notable examples that have been assessed in both preclinical and clinical trials include saponins, tomatine, and inulin. Similarly, fungi produce a range of potential candidate molecules, with β-glucans showing the most promise. Other complex molecules that have established adjuvant activity include α-galactosylceramide (originally obtained from a marine sponge), chitosan (commonly produced from chitin from shrimps), and peptides (found in bee venom). Some organisms, for example, endophytic fungi and bees, produce immunostimulants using compounds obtained from plants. The main challenges facing this type of research and tools being developed to overcome them are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Woods
- University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland
| | | | | | - J. Igoli
- University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland,University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
| | | | | | - A.I. Gray
- University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - D.G. Watson
- University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - V.A. Ferro
- University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland
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Wang X, Peng L, Wang K, Wang J, He Y, Wang E, Chen D, Ouyang P, Geng Y, Huang X. The outer membrane proteins of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia are potential vaccine candidates for channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 57:318-324. [PMID: 27574827 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) is an important agricultural fish that has been plagued by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (S. maltophilia) infections in recent years, some of them severe. The outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of S. maltophilia are one of the most immunogenic and highly conserved candidates for vaccine development in aquaculture. The present study investigated OMPs of S. maltophilia as vaccine on immune response and disease resistance against S. maltophilia of channel catfish and investigated the enhancement effect of natural adjuvants Propolis (Pro), FIG polysaccharide (Fcps), Glycyrrhizine (Gly) to OMPs of S. maltophilia for further study. The results indicated that channel catfish injected intraperitoneally with OMPs showed better immune response including leukocytes phagocytosis activity, serum bactericidal activity, complement C3, IgM level and an increasement of resistance against S. maltophilia compared to the control group. Moreover, Pro, Fcps and Gly could enhance the immune response of OMPs. The relative percent of survival (RPS) was 73.33%, 66.67%, 63.33%, 60%, 0% in fish injected OMPs + Pro, OMPs + Fcps, OMPs + Gly, OMPs and 0.65% normal saline, respectively. These results suggested that OMPs used as vaccine could induce and stimulate immune response and enhance disease resistance in channel catfish, especially for Pro as immunoenhancer. Results revealed that OMPs were an effective vaccine against S. maltophilia in channel catfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingli Wang
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District Huimin Road No. 211, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lang Peng
- Department of Aquaculture, Sichuan Province Bureau of Aquatic Products, Chenghua District Donghong Road No. 60, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Kaiyu Wang
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District Huimin Road No. 211, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District Huimin Road No. 211, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District Huimin Road No. 211, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yang He
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District Huimin Road No. 211, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Erlong Wang
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District Huimin Road No. 211, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Defang Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District Huimin Road No. 211, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ping Ouyang
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District Huimin Road No. 211, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yi Geng
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District Huimin Road No. 211, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- Department of Aquaculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District Huimin Road No. 211, Chengdu 611130, China
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Jiang J, Zheng Z, Wang K, Wang J, He Y, Wang E, Chen D, Ouyang P, Geng Y, Huang X. Adjuvant Immune Enhancement of Subunit Vaccine Encoding pSCPI of Streptococcus iniae in Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:28001-13. [PMID: 26602918 PMCID: PMC4691029 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) is an important agricultural fish that has been plagued by Streptococcus iniae (S. iniae) infections in recent years, some of them severe. C5a peptidase is an important virulent factor of S. iniae. In this study, the subunit vaccine containing the truncated part of C5a peptidase (pSCPI) was mixed with aluminum hydroxide gel (AH), propolis adjuvant (PA), and Freund's Incomplete Adjuvant (FIA). The immunogenicity of the pSCPI was detected by Western-blot in vitro. The relative percent survival (RPS), lysozyme activity, antibody titers, and the expression of the related immune genes were monitored in vivo to evaluate the immune effects of the three different adjuvants. The results showed that pSCPI exerted moderate immune protection (RPS = 46.43%), whereas each of the three adjuvants improved the immune protection of pSCPI. The immunoprotection of pSCPI + AH, pSCPI + PA, and pSCPI + FIA was characterized by RPS values of 67.86%, 75.00% and, 85.71%, respectively. Further, each of the three different adjuvanted pSCPIs stimulated higher levels of lysozyme activity and antibody titers than the unadjuvanted pSCPI and/or PBS buffer. In addition, pSCPI + FIA and pSCPI + PA induced expression of the related immune genes under investigation, which was substantially higher than the levels stimulated by PBS. pSCPI + AH significantly stimulated the induction of MHC II β, CD4-L2, and IFN-γ, while it induced slightly higher production of TNF-α and even led to a decrease in the levels of IL-1β, MHC I α, and CD8 α. Therefore, we conclude that compared with the other two adjuvants, FIA combined with pSCPI is a more promising candidate adjuvant against S. iniae in channel catfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Jiang
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District Huimin Road No. 211, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Zonglin Zheng
- Department of Aquaculture, Rongchang Campus, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China.
| | - Kaiyu Wang
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District Huimin Road No. 211, Chengdu 611130, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District Huimin Road No. 211, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District Huimin Road No. 211, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Yang He
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District Huimin Road No. 211, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Erlong Wang
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District Huimin Road No. 211, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Defang Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District Huimin Road No. 211, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Ping Ouyang
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District Huimin Road No. 211, Chengdu 611130, China.
- Department of Aquaculture, Rongchang Campus, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China.
| | - Yi Geng
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District Huimin Road No. 211, Chengdu 611130, China.
- Department of Aquaculture, Rongchang Campus, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China.
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- Department of Aquaculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang District Huimin Road No. 211, Chengdu 611130, China.
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The activation of Epimedium polysaccharide-propolis flavone liposome on Kupffer cells. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 133:613-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Suleman T, van Vuuren S, Sandasi M, Viljoen A. Antimicrobial activity and chemometric modelling of South African propolis. J Appl Microbiol 2015; 119:981-90. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Suleman
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology; Faculty of Health Science; University of the Witwatersrand; Johannesburg South Africa
| | - S. van Vuuren
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology; Faculty of Health Science; University of the Witwatersrand; Johannesburg South Africa
| | - M. Sandasi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tshwane University of Technology; Pretoria South Africa
| | - A.M. Viljoen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tshwane University of Technology; Pretoria South Africa
- SAMRC Herbal Drugs Research Unit; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Tshwane University of Technology; Pretoria South Africa
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Fernandes MHV, Ferreira LDN, Vargas GD, Fischer G, Hübner SDO. EFEITO DO EXTRATO AQUOSO DE PRÓPOLIS MARROM SOBRE A PRODUÇÃO DE IFN-γ APÓS IMUNIZAÇÃO CONTRA PARVOVÍRUS CANINO (CPV) E CORONAVÍRUS CANINO (CCoV). CIÊNCIA ANIMAL BRASILEIRA 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1089-6891v16i223458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a capacidade adjuvante imunoestimulatória do extrato aquoso de própolis marrom (EAPM) quando associado a uma vacina contra parvovírus canino (CPV) e coronavírus canino (CCoV), com relação à produção de IFN-γ. Camundongos foram vacinados com CPV e CCoV (3,0x106 TCDI50) em associação ou não com 400 μg/dose de EAPM. Trinta dias após a terceira dose foi realizado cultivo de esplenócitos para mensuração dos níveis de expressão de mRNA para IFN-γ nos animais imunizados. O aumento nos níveis de expressão de mRNA para IFN-γ para CCoV nos esplenócitos dos camundongos inoculados com a vacina contendo 400 μg/dose de EAPM foi evidenciado por RT-PCR, demonstrando a capacidade da própolis em estimular a resposta imune celular contra os antígenos desse vírus. Ao contrário, os níveis de IFN-γ para CPV não sofreram influência da presença do EAPM.
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Betancourt NT, García-Contreras L, Sánchez TAC. Propolis in Dogs: Clinical Experiences and Perspectives (A Brief Review). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/ojvm.2015.51002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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The immunological enhancement activity of propolis flavonoids liposome in vitro and in vivo. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:483513. [PMID: 25383082 PMCID: PMC4212534 DOI: 10.1155/2014/483513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate and assess the effects of propolis flavonoids liposome imposed on the immune system by comparing it to propolis flavonoids and blank liposome. In vitro, the effects of the above drugs on macrophages were assessed by measuring the phagocytic function and cytokine production. In vivo, the immunological adjuvant activity of propolis flavonoids liposome was compared with those of propolis flavonoids and blank liposome. The results showed that in vitro propolis flavonoids liposome can significantly enhance the phagocytic function of macrophages and the release of IL-1β, IL-6, and IFN-γ. In addition, subcutaneous administration of propolis flavonoids liposome with ovalbumin to mice could effectively activate the cellular and humoral immune response, including inducing higher level concentrations of IgG, IL-4, and IFN-γ in serum and the proliferation rates of splenic lymphocytes. These findings provided valuable information regarding the immune modulatory function of propolis flavonoids liposome and indicated the possibility of use of propolis flavonoids liposome as a potential adjuvant.
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Fan Y, Ma L, Zhang W, Wang J, Chen Y, Gao Y, Feng W, Zhong L, Song X. The design of propolis flavone microemulsion and its effect on enhancing the immunity and antioxidant activity in mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 65:200-7. [PMID: 24463267 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to formulate a microemulsion system for improving the activity of propolis flavone (PF). Pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were constructed to evaluate the existence area of PF microemulsion (PFM). The formulation was characterized by particle size, zeta potential, morphology and stability. The results showed that the optimal PFM formulation consists of 5.3% ethyl acetate, 14% RH-40, 7% ethanol and 73.7% water (w/w), with a solubility of PF up to 3.0 mg mL(-1). The immune-enhancing and antioxidant activity of PFM in vitro and in vivo were performed. The results showed that PFM could significantly promote the splenocyte proliferation and the secretion of IL-2 and IFN-γ in vitro. In vivo, PFM at high and medium doses was able to significantly increase the thymus and spleen indices, enhance splenocyte activity and improve the contents of IgG and IgM in serum, it could also improve the antioxidant activity, significantly increase the levels of superoxidase dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, and decrease the malondialdehyde levels compared with PF. These results indicated that microemulsion could be used as an effective formulation for enhancing the activity of PF. Therefore, microemulsion would be expected to exploit into a new-type preparation of PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Lin Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Weimin Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Junmin Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Ying Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Wei Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Liuqing Zhong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Xiaoping Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
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Fan Y, Ma L, Zhang W, Xu Y, Suolangzhaxi, Zhi X, Cui E, Song X. Microemulsion can improve the immune-enhancing activity of propolis flavonoid on immunosuppression and immune response. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 63:126-32. [PMID: 24099936 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to investigate whether the immune-enhancing activity of propolis flavone (PF) could be improved after PF was made into PF microemulsion (PFM). Two experiments were carried out. In immunosuppression experiment, the immune-enhancing effect of PFM in immunosuppressive chickens was performed. The results showed that PFM at high and medium doses was able to overcome the CTX-induced immunosuppression, significantly increases the immune organ indexes, enhances lymphocyte proliferation and improves the concentrations of IL-2 and IL-6 in serum when compared with PF. In immune response experiment, the adjuvant effect of PFM at three doses and PF were compared on chickens which were immunized intramuscularly with Avian Influenza Recombinant Newcastle Disease Virus bivalent Vaccine. The results showed that PFM at high and medium doses could significantly promote lymphocyte proliferation, enhances antibody titer and the concentrations of IgG and IgM, and its efficacy were significantly better than PF at most time points. These results indicated that PFM could significantly improve the immune-enhancing activity and adjuvanticity of PF, and its high and medium doses possessed the best efficacy. Therefore, the microemulsion could be used as an effective formulation for enhancing the bioavailability of PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Lin Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Weimin Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Yingying Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Suolangzhaxi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Enhui Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Xiaoping Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
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