1
|
Chu K, Li Y, Yu D, Song Y, Liu S, Xue F, Shan Y, Meng W, Pan H. Immunogenicity and immune persistence in 4-year-old children completing four doses of Sabin strain or wild strain inactivated poliovirus vaccine: A phase IV, open-labeled, parallel-controlled observational study. Vaccine 2023; 41:3467-3471. [PMID: 37127526 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sabin strain inactivated poliovirus vaccine (hereinafter as "sIPV") has been marketed globally in recent years, and more data on its immune persistence are needed. METHODS This is a phase IV, open-labeled, parallel-controlled observational study based on phase III clinical trial as required by the China National Medical Products Administration (NMPA). At least 450 subjects aged four years (48-54 months) who received four doses at 2, 3, 4 and 18 months of age of sIPV or wild strain poliovirus vaccine (wIPV) in phase III clinical trial enrolled at a 2:1 ratio and collected blood samples for neutralizing antibody testing. RESULTS A total of 500 subjects of four years old (334 in the sIPV group and 166 in wIPV group) were finally enrolled. The seropositivity rates (≥1:8) of neutralizing antibodies against serotype I-III were all 100.00% in all participants, and the geometric mean titers (GMT) were 1117.33 vs. 337.77 against serotype I, 632.72 vs. 267.34 against serotype Ⅱ, 1665.98 vs. 923.02 against serotype III in the sIPV group and wIPV group respectively at 4 years old. The seropositivity rates and GMTs of neutralizing antibodies in the test group were non-inferior to that of the control group against all three serotypes at different time points (P < 0.0001). The antibody GMT experienced a 10-fold, 8-fold, and 7-fold decline for serotypes I, Ⅱ, and III in the sIPV group, and a 13-fold, 7-fold, and 7-fold decline in the wIPV group from one month after booster vaccination to 4 years old. CONCLUSIONS The neutralizing antibody level is much higher than the seroprotection cutoff (≥1:8) among children of 4 years old who completed the four-dose vaccination of either sIPV or wIPV. Therefore, another booster vaccination is not recommended at 4 years old. Longer immune persistence observation is still ongoing. REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04989231.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chu
- Institute of Clinical Evaluation of Vaccines, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention. No. 172, Jiangsu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210009, China.
| | - Yurong Li
- Clinical Research Department Center, Sinovac Life Science Co., Ltd. No. 21, Tianfu Street, Daxing Biomedicine Industrial Base, Zhongguancun Science Park, Daxing District, Beijing 102629, China.
| | - Dan Yu
- Quality Assurance Department, Sinovac Biotech Co., Ltd, No. 39, Shangdi West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Yufei Song
- Clinical Research Department Center, Sinovac Biotech Co., Ltd, No. 39, Shangdi West Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Sheng Liu
- Project Office, Pizhou City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 72, Fuzhou Road, Pizhou City, Xuzhou 221000, China.
| | - Feng Xue
- Novel Coronavirus Vaccine Department, Sinovac Life Science Co., Ltd. No. 21, Tianfu Street, Daxing Biomedicine Industrial Base, Zhongguancun Science Park, Daxing District, Beijing 102629, China.
| | - Yongmei Shan
- Medicine Outpatient Department, Guanyun County Center for Disease Control and Prevention Preventive, No.1, Xihuan North Road, Guanyun County, Lianyungang City, 222200, China.
| | - Weining Meng
- International Registration Department, Sinovac Life Science Co., Ltd. No. 21, Tianfu Street, Daxing Biomedicine Industrial Base, Zhongguancun Science Park, Daxing District, Beijing, 102629, China.
| | - Hongxing Pan
- Institute of Clinical Evaluation of Vaccines, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention. No. 172, Jiangsu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Suarez-Zuluaga DA, van der Pol LA, van 't Oever AG, Bakker WA, Thomassen YE. Development of an animal component free production process for Sabin inactivated polio vaccine. Vaccine X 2022; 12:100223. [PMID: 36217423 PMCID: PMC9547281 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2022.100223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inactivated polio vaccine production using attenuated Sabin strains (sIPV) instead of wild type polio viruses (cIPV) is an initiative encouraged by the World Health Organization. This use of attenuated viruses is preferred as it reduces risks related to potential outbreaks during IPV production. Previously, an sIPV production process was set up based on the cIPV production process. Optimizing this process while using only animal component free (ACF) substances allows reduction of operational costs and mitigates risks of adverse effects related with animal derived compounds. Here, development of a process for production of sIPV using only ACF compounds, is described. The upstream process required a change in cell growth medium from serum-containing medium to ACF medium, while virus production media remained the same as the already used M199 medium was free of animal components. In the downstream process multiple modifications in existing unit operations were made including addition of a diafiltration step prior to inactivation. After optimizing each unit operation, robustness of the whole process was demonstrated using design of experiments (DoE) methodology. By using DoE we were able to vary different process parameters across unit operations to assess the impact on our quality attributes. The developed process was robust as the observed variation for quality attributes due to differences in process parameters remained within specification. The resulting pilot process showed not only to be robust, but also to have a considerable higher product yield when compared to the serum containing sIPV process. Product yields are now comparable to the cIPV process based on using wild type polio viruses. Moreover, the potency of the produced vaccine was comparable that of cIPV vaccine. The developed ACF sIPV process can be transferred to vaccine manufacturers at the end-of pre-clinical development phase, at lab- or pilot scale, before production of clinical trial material.
Collapse
|
3
|
Westdijk J, Kogelman A, van der Put R, Eksteen Z, Suarez D, Kersten GFA, Metz B, Danial M. Immunochemical and Biophysical Characterization of Inactivated Sabin Poliovirus Products: Insights into Rapid Quality Assessment Tools. J Pharm Sci 2022; 111:1058-1069. [PMID: 35114211 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to demonstrate the strength of combining immunochemical and biophysical analysis tools for assessing the quality of Sabin inactivated poliovirus vaccine (Sabin-IPV) bulk products. We assessed Sabin-IPV serotypes 1, 2 and 3 from six different manufacturers and evaluated their comparability through biosensor analysis and biophysical characterization methods, including tryptophan fluorescence and asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation - multi-angle light scattering analysis. These methods enabled us to assess antigenic as well as conformational and structural integrity profiles, respectively. Based on Sabin-IPV samples that were subjected to accelerated storage conditions, we revealed that existing immunochemical methods exhibit remarkably similar trends to the results obtained by the biophysical characterization methods. While the results underpin that the comparability of Sabin-IPV bulk products of different manufacturers is poor, information about their quality can rapidly be obtained by using both immunochemical and biophysical methods. Furthermore, the study highlights that quality assessment of Sabin-IPV can be obtained through biophysical techniques can complement the assessments performed with monoclonal antibodies and suggests that similar techniques could be employed to characterize other enteroviruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janny Westdijk
- Intravacc BV, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Amy Kogelman
- Intravacc BV, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Robert van der Put
- Intravacc BV, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Zaskia Eksteen
- Intravacc BV, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Diego Suarez
- Intravacc BV, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Gideon F A Kersten
- Intravacc BV, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bernard Metz
- Intravacc BV, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Danial
- Intravacc BV, Antonie van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Leroux-Roels I, Leroux-Roels G, Shukarev G, Schuitemaker H, Cahill C, de Rooij R, Struijs M, van Zeeburg H, Jacquet JM. Safety and immunogenicity of a new Sabin inactivated poliovirus vaccine candidate produced on the PER.C6® cell-line: a phase 1 randomized controlled trial in adults. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:1366-1373. [PMID: 33175637 PMCID: PMC8078678 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1812315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This first-in-human study (NCT03032588), conducted in Belgium, evaluated a new inactivated poliovirus vaccines (IPV) candidate based on Sabin poliovirus strains grown on the high-yield PER.C6® cell line. Healthy adults (N = 32) were randomized (1:1) to receive a single dose of PER.C6-based Sabin-IPV (sIPV, 15:35:112.5 DU/dose) or conventional Salk-IPV (cIPV, 40:8:32 DU/dose). Reactogenicity was assessed up to 7 days after vaccination, immunogenicity 28 days after vaccination, and safety up to 6 months after vaccination.Solicited adverse events (AEs) were mild to moderate, no changes of concern in vital signs or safety laboratory values were observed, and no severe AEs (SAEs) or vaccine-related unsolicited AEs were reported after vaccination. A trend to more frequent solicited AEs after sIPV than after cIPV administration was observed. Most participants had preexisting neutralizing antibodies against poliovirus types (titer ≥8), which were strongly boosted by sIPV. Post-vaccination geometric mean titers were high (≥12,000) and similar across the two vaccination groups. Only participants with very high preexisting antibody levels did not show a vaccine-induced response, defined in seropositive participants as a 4-fold titer increase. The 10 initially seronegative (titer <8) participants (n = 5 in each study group) seroconverted and all participants had seroprotective antibody levels post-vaccination. The antibodies elicited by sIPV neutralized both Sabin and Salk poliovirus strains.In conclusion, the PER.C6®-based sIPV was well tolerated and highly immunogenic in adults with preexisting antibodies to poliovirus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Leroux-Roels
- Center for Vaccinology, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Leroux-Roels
- Center for Vaccinology, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | - Martin Struijs
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V., Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Immunogenicity and safety of sabin-strain based inactivated poliovirus vaccine replacing salk-strain based inactivated poliovirus vaccine: An innovative application of different strain-IPVs replacement. Vaccine 2021; 39:2467-2474. [PMID: 33810904 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.02.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A domestic Sabin strain-based inactivated poliovirus vaccine (Sabin IPV) was approved by China Food and Drug Administration in 2017 as a replacement for the Salk strain-based inactivated poliovirus vaccine (Salk IPV) that has been in use in China for over 10 years. The present post-marketing trial was implemented in China to assess the immunogenicity and safety of replacing the Salk IPV with the Sabin IPV in the last two immunizations of the standard three-dose schedule. METHODS We conducted a randomized, controlled clinical trial with two groups that received three doses of IPVs at the age of 2, 3, and 4 months: the Salk-Sabin-Sabin group and the Salk-Salk-Salk group. Blood samples were collected before vaccination and 30-40 days after the third dose of vaccination. The seroconversion rates and antibody geometric mean titers (GMTs) were calculated and analyzed to evaluate immunogenicity. The safety of both immunization schedules was also monitored and analyzed. RESULTS Of 360 recruited healthy infants, all three IPV doses were administered and blood collection was completed in 330 infants. All participants (100%) in both groups were seropositive for all three poliovirus types after the last vaccination. There were significant differences between the two groups (P < 0.001) in the GMTs for antibodies against poliovirus types 1 and 2, but no significant difference was observed for antibodies against type 3 (P = 0.009). A non-inferiority t-test showed that the post-immunization GMTs for all three types in the Salk-Sabin-Sabin group were not inferior to those in the Salk-Salk-Salk group (P < 0.001). Safety assessment indicated that there was no significant difference in the incidence of all adverse events between the two groups (P = 0.806). CONCLUSIONS The Salk-Sabin-Sabin IPV immunization schedule is not inferior to the Salk-Salk-Salk IPV schedule in terms of both immunogenicity and safety. Clinical trial number: NCT04051736.
Collapse
|
6
|
Capeding MR, Gomez-Go GD, Oberdorfer P, Borja-Tabora C, Bravo L, Carlos J, Tangsathapornpong A, Uppala R, Laoprasopwattana K, Yang Y, Han S, Wittawatmongkol O. Safety and immunogenicity of a new inactivated polio vaccine made from Sabin strains: a randomized, double-blind, active-controlled, phase 2/3 seamless study. J Infect Dis 2020; 226:308-318. [PMID: 33351072 PMCID: PMC9400411 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A new inactivated polio vaccine made from Sabin strains (sIPV) was developed as part of the global polio eradication initiative. Methods This randomized, double-blind, active-controlled, phase 2/3 seamless study was conducted in 2 stages. Healthy infants aged 6 weeks were randomly assigned to receive 3 doses of 1 of 4 study vaccines at 6, 10, and 14 weeks of age (336 received low-, middle-, or high-dose sIPV, or conventional IPV [cIPV] in stage I, and 1086 received lot A, B, or C of the selected sIPV dose, or cIPV in stage II). The primary outcome was the seroconversion rate 4 weeks after the third vaccination. Results In stage I, low-dose sIPV was selected as the optimal dose. In stage II, consistency among the 3 manufacturing lots of sIPV was demonstrated. The seroconversion rates for Sabin and wild strains of the 3 serotypes after the 3-dose primary series were 95.8% to 99.2% in the lot-combined sIPV group and 94.8% to 100% in the cIPV group, proving the noninferiority of sIPV compared to cIPV. No notable safety risks associated with sIPV were observed. Conclusions Low-dose sIPV administered as a 3-dose vaccination was safe and immunogenic compared to cIPV. Clinical Trials Registration NCT03169725.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosario Capeding
- Department of Microbiology, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa City, Philippines
| | | | - Peninnah Oberdorfer
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Charissa Borja-Tabora
- Clinical Research Division, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa City, Philippines
| | - Lulu Bravo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Josefina Carlos
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of the East-Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Medical Center, Quezon City, Philippines
| | | | - Rattapon Uppala
- Department of Pediatrics, Srinagarind Hospital, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | | | - Yunjeong Yang
- Life Sciences, LG Chem, Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Han
- Life Sciences, LG Chem, Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Orasri Wittawatmongkol
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cramer JP, Jimeno J, Han HH, Lin S, Hartmann K, Borkowski A, Sáez-Llorens X. Safety and immunogenicity of experimental stand-alone trivalent, inactivated Sabin-strain polio vaccine formulations in healthy infants: A randomized, observer-blind, controlled phase 1/2 trial. Vaccine 2020; 38:5313-5323. [PMID: 32563609 PMCID: PMC7347011 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.05.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To increase the global supply of affordable IPV vaccine, preferably using Sabin viruses to comply with GAPIII requirements, Takeda has assessed three dosages of a stand-alone sIPV. METHODS In this phase I/II study two cohorts of 40 adults and 60 toddlers, respectively, were initially assessed for safety after receiving high-dosage sIPV compared with placebo (adults) or Salk IPV (toddlers). A cohort of 240 infants was then enrolled and randomized (1:1:1:1) to receive low-, medium- or high-dosage sIPV, or a reference Salk IPV in a three-dose primary schedule at 6, 10 and 14 weeks of age. Parents completed safety diaries for 4 weeks after each dose, and immunogenicity was measured as neutralization antibody titers at baseline and four weeks after vaccination. RESULTS All vaccinations were generally well-tolerated and sIPV had a comparable safety profile to the control arm in adults or the reference Salk IPV vaccine in toddlers and infants. Infants displayed dosage-dependent immune responses to sIPV when assayed using Sabin strains, which were equivalent to the reference IPV in the high-dosage sIPV group for serotypes 1 and 2, but not for Sabin and Salk serotype 3. Seroconversion rates (SCR) of the low- and medium-dosage groups were significantly lower than the Salk IPV group for both Sabin and Salk serotypes 1 and type 2 (p < 0.05), with no significant differences for Salk or Sabin serotypes 3. Responses to sIPV, particularly to Sabin types 1 and 2, were higher in initially seronegative infants, indicating possible interference by maternally-derived antibodies. CONCLUSIONS A novel stand-alone Sabin-based IPV vaccine was well tolerated with an acceptable safety profile, but less immunogenic than reference Salk IPV at 6, 10 and 14 weeks of age for Salk serotypes 1 and 2, with apparent interference by maternal antibodies. Additional preclinical assessments will be made before any further clinical development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakob P. Cramer
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International AG, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - José Jimeno
- Department of Infectious Diseases at Hospital del Niño Dr. José Renán Esquivel, Sistema Nacional de Investigación at SENACYT, Centro de Vacunación Internacional (Cevaxin), Panama City, Panama, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Xavier Sáez-Llorens
- Department of Infectious Diseases at Hospital del Niño Dr. José Renán Esquivel, Sistema Nacional de Investigación at SENACYT, Centro de Vacunación Internacional (Cevaxin), Panama City, Panama, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gamage D, Mach O, Palihawadana P, Zhang Y, Weldon WC, Oberste MS, Gunasena S, Sutter RW. Boosting of Mucosal Immunity After Fractional-Dose Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine. J Infect Dis 2019; 218:1876-1882. [PMID: 29982532 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) boosts mucosal immunity in persons previously vaccinated with oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV). We assessed whether fractional-dose IPV (fIPV, 1/5th of full dose) administered intradermally also boosts mucosal immunity. Methods Children 10-12 years old were enrolled in Sri Lanka and randomized to receive one dose IPV, fIPV, or no IPV vaccine. One month later, they received OPV challenge. Blood was collected at enrolment and before challenge; stool was collected at 3, 7, and 14 days post-challenge. Sera were analysed for presence of poliovirus neutralizing antibodies; stool was analysed for poliovirus. Results We analysed 304/309 (98%) enrolled subjects. There were 16/97 (16%), 9/99 (9%), and 72/95 (76%) subjects excreting poliovirus after challenge in the IPV, fIPV and "No IPV Vaccine" study arms, respectively (P < .001 for comparison of IPV [or fIPV] vs "No IPV Vaccine"; P = .1 for comparisons of fIPV vs IPV). Relative decrease in excretion prevalence was 80% and 88% to IPV and fIPV, respectively, compared with the "No IPV Vaccine" control arm. Conclusions Single fIPV dose boosted mucosal immunity to a similar degree as single full dose of IPV. This finding provides further evidence in support of fIPV for poliovirus outbreak response at the time of IPV global supply shortage. Clinical trials registration Australia New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry ACTRN12616000124437p.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Gamage
- Epidemiology Unit, Ministry of Health, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Ondrej Mach
- Polio Eradication Department, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Yiting Zhang
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - William C Weldon
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - M Steven Oberste
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Roland W Sutter
- Polio Eradication Department, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hotta C, Ogawa T, Shirasawa H. Surveillance of immunity acquired from poliovirus immunization including vaccination with the Sabin strain-derived inactivated vaccine. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2019; 15:1154-1159. [PMID: 30676843 PMCID: PMC6605838 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2019.1572408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In Japan, routine immunization for polio using the oral polio vaccine (OPV) was suspended in September 2012; subsequently, an immunization program with inactivated polio vaccines (IPVs), the conventional IPV (cIPV) derived from virulent strains, and IPV derived from Sabin strains (sIPV), was introduced. However, the immunity induced by sIPV is not well characterized. This study assessed and compared neutralizing antibodies produced against poliovirus in cases who received doses of OPV or IPV. Serum samples (n = 1186) were collected yearly between 2013 and 2016 as part of the National Epidemiological Surveillance of Vaccine-Preventable Disease. The neutralizing antibody titers for Sabin strain types 1, 2, and 3 in 224 children, aged between 0 and 90 months, were assessed. Seropositive rates after vaccination with OPV or IPV were more than 90%. Neutralizing antibody titers for Sabin type 1 after vaccination with IPV were lower than those with OPV, while those for Sabin types 2 and 3 after vaccination with IPV were significantly higher than those with OPV. Analyses of antibody titer dynamics revealed that the decay of antibody titers for Sabin types 1, 2, and 3 in cases vaccinated with IPV was steeper than those with OPV. Thus, our study showed that although IPV induced a sufficient level of neutralizing antibody, the immunity induced by IPV was not maintained as long as that by OPV. Our study suggested that a long-term survey should be conducted for polio vaccination using IPV and that it might be necessary to consider booster vaccination for IPVs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiemi Hotta
- a Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medicine , Chiba University , Chuo-ku , Japan.,b Division of Virology and Medical zoology , Chiba Prefectural Institute of Public Health , Chuo-ku , Japan
| | - Tomoko Ogawa
- b Division of Virology and Medical zoology , Chiba Prefectural Institute of Public Health , Chuo-ku , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shirasawa
- a Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medicine , Chiba University , Chuo-ku , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ambrón LL, Torres LIE, Carreras AP, Santana BMG, Sardiña MÁG, Aguirre SR, Fuentes AT. [Cuban experience in immunization, 1962-2016Experiência cubana em imunização, 1962-2016]. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2018; 42:e34. [PMID: 31093063 PMCID: PMC6385620 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2018.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Immunization Program of Cuba was created in 1962 as a result of the political, economic and social transformations initiated in 1959, when communicable diseases -among them those preventable by vaccines- were the main cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Its organization and uninterrupted implementation allowed that six diseases, two serious clinical forms and two serious complications were eliminated, and the remaining ones have incidence and mortality rates that do not represent a health problem. In Cuba, an average of 4.8 million doses of simple or combined vaccines are administered annually protecting against 13 diseases, including a pentavalent vaccine whose five components are produced in the country. Oral polio vaccination in the 1962 campaign was the first experience in the Region of the Americas with community and intersectoral participation, and Cuba was the first country to eliminate the disease. Recent results of Cuban research have influenced the World Eradication Program. The universal vaccination against hepatitis B at 24 hours after birth was achieved 19 years before the goal set by the World Health Organization using a national vaccine. In Cuba, vaccination is free and it is integrated into primary health care, with universal access. The commitment and political will to the health of the population is conveyed through a comprehensive health system. Information and epidemiological surveillance are systematic, reliable and sensitive. Vaccination coverage is above 98% for all vaccines and the population has a high immune level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lena López Ambrón
- Programa Ampliado de Inmunización y
- Programa de Síndrome Neurológico Infeccioso, La Habana, Cuba
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kraan H, Soema P, Amorij JP, Kersten G. Intranasal and sublingual delivery of inactivated polio vaccine. Vaccine 2017; 35:2647-2653. [PMID: 28400164 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.03.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Polio is on the brink of eradication. Improved inactivated polio vaccines (IPV) are needed towards complete eradication and for the use in the period thereafter. Vaccination via mucosal surfaces has important potential advantages over intramuscular injection using conventional needle and syringe, the currently used delivery method for IPV. One of them is the ability to induce both serum and mucosal immune responses: the latter may provide protection at the port of virus entry. The current study evaluated the possibilities of polio vaccination via mucosal surfaces using IPV based on attenuated Sabin strains. Mice received three immunizations with trivalent sIPV via intramuscular injection, or via the intranasal or sublingual route. The need of an adjuvant for the mucosal routes was investigated as well, by testing sIPV in combination with the mucosal adjuvant cholera toxin. Both intranasal and sublingual sIPV immunization induced systemic polio-specific serum IgG in mice that were functional as measured by poliovirus neutralization. Intranasal administration of sIPV plus adjuvant induced significant higher systemic poliovirus type 3 neutralizing antibody titers than sIPV delivered via the intramuscular route. Moreover, mucosal sIPV delivery elicited polio-specific IgA titers at different mucosal sites (IgA in saliva, fecal extracts and intestinal tissue) and IgA-producing B-cells in the spleen, where conventional intramuscular vaccination was unable to do so. However, it is likely that a mucosal adjuvant is required for sublingual vaccination. Further research on polio vaccination via sublingual mucosal route should include the search for safe and effective adjuvants, and the development of novel oral dosage forms that improve antigen uptake by oral mucosa, thereby increasing vaccine immunogenicity. This study indicates that both the intranasal and sublingual routes might be valuable approaches for use in routine vaccination or outbreak control in the period after complete OPV cessation and post-polio eradication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heleen Kraan
- Intravacc (Institute for Translational Vaccinology), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Peter Soema
- Intravacc (Institute for Translational Vaccinology), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Pierre Amorij
- Intravacc (Institute for Translational Vaccinology), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Gideon Kersten
- Intravacc (Institute for Translational Vaccinology), Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Division of Drug Delivery Technology, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Okayasu H, Sein C, Hamidi A, Bakker WA, Sutter RW. Development of inactivated poliovirus vaccine from Sabin strains: A progress report. Biologicals 2016; 44:581-587. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
|
13
|
Liao G, Li R, Li C, Sun M, Jiang S, Li Y, Mo Z, Xia J, Xie Z, Che Y, Yang J, Yin Z, Wang J, Chu J, Cai W, Zhou J, Wang J, Li Q. Phase 3 Trial of a Sabin Strain–Based Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine. J Infect Dis 2016; 214:1728-1734. [DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
14
|
Thomassen YE, Bakker WA. sIPV process development for costs reduction. Vaccine 2015; 33:4307-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.03.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
|
15
|
Resik S, Tejeda A, Mach O, Sein C, Molodecky N, Jarrahian C, Saganic L, Zehrung D, Fonseca M, Diaz M, Alemany N, Garcia G, Hung LH, Martinez Y, Sutter RW. Needle-free jet injector intradermal delivery of fractional dose inactivated poliovirus vaccine: Association between injection quality and immunogenicity. Vaccine 2015; 33:5873-5877. [PMID: 26192350 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.06.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The World Health Organization recommends that as part of the polio end-game strategy a dose of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) be introduced by the end of 2015 in all countries currently using only oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV). Administration of fractional dose (1/5 of full dose) IPV (fIPV) by intradermal (ID) injection may reduce costs, but its conventional administration is with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) needle and syringe (NS), which is time consuming and technically challenging. We compared injection quality achieved with BCG NS and three needle-free jet injectors and assessed ergonomic features of the injectors. METHODS Children between 12 and 20 months of age who had previously received OPV were enrolled in the Camaguey, Cuba study. Subjects received a single fIPV dose administered intradermally with BCG NS or one of three needle-free injector devices: Bioject Biojector 2000® (B2000), Bioject ID Pen® (ID Pen), or PharmaJet Tropis® (Tropis). We measured bleb diameter and vaccine loss as indicators of ID injection quality, with desirable injection quality defined as bleb diameter ≥5mm and vaccine loss <10%. We surveyed vaccinators to evaluate ergonomic features of the injectors. We further assessed the injection quality indicators as predictors of immune response, measured by increase in poliovirus neutralizing antibodies in blood between day 0 (pre-IPV) and 21 (post-vaccination). RESULTS Delivery by BCG NS and Tropis resulted in the highest proportion of subjects with desirable injection quality; health workers ranked Biojector2000 and Tropis highest for ergonomic features. We observed that vaccine loss and desirable injection quality were associated with an immune response for poliovirus type 2 (P=0.02, P=0.01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated the feasibility of fIPV delivery using needle-free injector devices with high acceptability among health workers. We did not observe the indicators of injection quality to be uniformly associated with immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Resik
- Pedro Kouri Institute of Tropical Medicine, Havana, Cuba
| | - Alina Tejeda
- Centro Provincial de Higiene, Epidemiologia y Microbilogia, Camaguey, Cuba
| | - Ondrej Mach
- The World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Carolyn Sein
- The World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Magile Fonseca
- Pedro Kouri Institute of Tropical Medicine, Havana, Cuba
| | - Manuel Diaz
- Pedro Kouri Institute of Tropical Medicine, Havana, Cuba
| | - Nilda Alemany
- Centro Provincial de Higiene, Epidemiologia y Microbilogia, Camaguey, Cuba
| | - Gloria Garcia
- Centro Provincial de Higiene, Epidemiologia y Microbilogia, Camaguey, Cuba
| | - Lai Heng Hung
- Pedro Kouri Institute of Tropical Medicine, Havana, Cuba
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Resik S, Tejeda A, Fonseca M, Sein C, Hung LH, Martinez Y, Diaz M, Okayasu H, Sutter RW. Decay of Sabin inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV)-boosted poliovirus antibodies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 4:71-74. [PMID: 27066157 PMCID: PMC4802416 DOI: 10.1016/j.trivac.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction We conducted a follow-on study to a phase I randomized, controlled trial conducted in Cuba, 2012, to assess the persistence of poliovirus antibodies at 21–22 months following booster dose of Sabin-IPV compared to Salk-IPV in adults who had received multiple doses of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) during childhood. Methods In 2012, 60 healthy adult males aged 19–23 were randomized to receive one booster dose, of either Sabin-inactivated poliovirus vaccine (Sabin-IPV), adjuvanted Sabin-IPV (aSabin-IPV), or conventional Salk-IPV. In the original study, blood was collected at days 0 (before) and 28 (after vaccination), respectively. In this study, an additional blood sample was collected 21–22 months after vaccination, and tested for neutralizing antibodies to Sabin poliovirus types 1, 2 and 3. Results We collected sera from 59/60 (98.3%) subjects; 59/59 (100%) remained seropositive to all poliovirus types, 21–22 months after vaccination. The decay curves were very similar among the study groups. Between day 28 and 21–22 months, there was a reduction of ⩾87.4% in median antibody levels for all poliovirus types in all study groups, with no significant differences between the study groups. Conclusion The decay of poliovirus antibodies over a 21–22-month period was similar regardless of the type of booster vaccine used, suggesting the scientific data of Salk IPV long-term persistence and decay may be broadly applicable to Sabin IPV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Carolyn Sein
- The World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Hiromasa Okayasu
- The World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
- Corresponding author at: Research and Product Development Team, Global Polio Eradication Initiative, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, CH-1211 Genève 27, Switzerland.Research and Product Development TeamGlobal Polio Eradication InitiativeWorld Health OrganizationAvenue Appia 20CH-1211 Genève 27Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Development and introduction of inactivated poliovirus vaccines derived from Sabin strains in Japan. Vaccine 2014; 34:1975-85. [PMID: 25448090 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
During the endgame of global polio eradication, the universal introduction of inactivated poliovirus vaccines is urgently required to reduce the risk of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis and polio outbreaks due to wild and vaccine-derived polioviruses. In particular, the development of inactivated poliovirus vaccines (IPVs) derived from the attenuated Sabin strains is considered to be a highly favorable option for the production of novel IPV that reduce the risk of facility-acquired transmission of poliovirus to the communities. In Japan, Sabin-derived IPVs (sIPVs) have been developed and introduced for routine immunization in November 2012. They are the first licensed sIPVs in the world. Consequently, trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine was used for polio control in Japan for more than half a century but has now been removed from the list of vaccines licensed for routine immunization. This paper reviews the development, introduction, characterization, and global status of IPV derived from attenuated Sabin strains.
Collapse
|