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Pacini MF, Perdomini A, Bulfoni Balbi C, Dinatale B, Herrera FE, Perez AR, Marcipar I. The high identity of the Trypanosoma cruzi Group-I of trans-sialidases points them as promising vaccine immunogens. Proteins 2023; 91:1444-1460. [PMID: 37323089 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Trans-sialidase (TS) superfamily of proteins comprises eight subgroups, being the proteins of Group-I (TS-GI) promising immunogens in vaccine approaches against Trypanosoma cruzi. Strikingly, TS-GI antigenic variability among parasite lineages and their influence on vaccine development has not been previously analyzed. Here, a search in GenBank detects 49 TS-GI indexed sequences, whereas the main infecting human different parasite discrete typing units (DTU) are represented. In silico comparison among these sequences indicate that they share an identity above 92%. Moreover, the antigenic regions (T-cell and B-cell epitopes) are conserved in most sequences or present amino acid substitutions that scarcely may alter the antigenicity. Additionally, since the generic term TS is usually used to refer to different immunogens of this broad family, a further in silico analysis of the TS-GI-derived fragments tested in preclinical vaccines was done to determine the coverage and identity among them, showing that overall amino acid identity of vaccine immunogens is high, but the segment coverage varies widely. Accordingly, strong H-2K, H-2I, and B-cell epitopes are dissimilarly represented among vaccine TS-derived fragments depending on the extension of the TG-GI sequence used. Moreover, bioinformatic analysis detected a set of 150 T-cell strong epitopes among the DTU-indexed sequences that strongly bind human HLA-I supertypes. In all currently reported experimental vaccines based on TS-GI fragments, mapping these 150 epitopes showed that they are moderately represented. However, despite vaccine epitopes do not present all the substitutions observed in the DTUs, these regions of the proteins are equally recognized by the same HLAs. Interestingly, the predictions regarding global and South American population coverage estimated in these 150 epitopes are similar to the estimations in experimental vaccines when the complete sequence of TS-GI is used as an antigen. In silico prediction also shows that a number of these MHC-I restricted T-cell strong epitopes could be also cross-recognized by HLA-I supertypes and H-2Kb or H-2Kd backgrounds, indicating that these mice may be used to improve and facilitate the development of new TS-based vaccines and suggesting an immunogenic and protective potential in humans. Further molecular docking analyses were performed to strengthen these results. Taken together, different strategies that would cover more or eventually fully of these T-cell and also B-cell epitopes to reach a high level of coverage are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Florencia Pacini
- Laboratorio de Estudios en Enfermedad de Chagas, Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER-CONICET), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Adrián Perdomini
- Laboratorio de Tecnología Inmunológica, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Camila Bulfoni Balbi
- Laboratorio de Estudios en Enfermedad de Chagas, Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER-CONICET), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Brenda Dinatale
- Laboratorio de Estudios en Enfermedad de Chagas, Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER-CONICET), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Fernando E Herrera
- Área de Modelado Molecular, Departamento de Física, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Ana Rosa Perez
- Laboratorio de Estudios en Enfermedad de Chagas, Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER-CONICET), Rosario, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación y Producción de Reactivos Biológicos (CIPReB), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Iván Marcipar
- Laboratorio de Tecnología Inmunológica, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
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Pacini MF, Balbi CB, Dinatale B, González FB, Prochetto E, De Hernández MA, Cribb P, Farré C, Espariz M, Blancato VS, Magni C, Marcipar I, Pérez AR. Intranasal trans-sialidase-based vaccine against Trypanosoma cruzi triggers a mixed cytokine profile in the nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue and confers local and systemic immunogenicity. Acta Trop 2023; 241:106889. [PMID: 36893830 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.106889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi, the agent of Chagas disease, can infect through conjunctive or oral mucosas. Therefore, the induction of mucosal immunity by vaccination is relevant not only to trigger local protection but also to stimulate both humoral and cell-mediated responses in systemic sites to control parasite dissemination. In a previous study, we demonstrated that a nasal vaccine based on a Trans-sialidase (TS) fragment plus the mucosal STING agonist c-di-AMP, was highly immunogenic and elicited prophylactic capacity. However, the immune profile induced by TS-based nasal vaccines at the nasopharyngeal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT), the target site of nasal immunization, remains unknown. Hence, we analyzed the NALT cytokine expression generated by a TS-based vaccine plus c-di-AMP (TSdA+c-di-AMP) and their association with mucosal and systemic immunogenicity. The vaccine was administered intranasally, in 3 doses separated by 15 days each other. Control groups received TSdA, c-di-AMP, or the vehicle in a similar schedule. We demonstrated that female BALB/c mice immunized intranasally with TSdA+c-di-AMP boosted NALT expression of IFN-γ and IL-6, as well as IFN-β and TGF-β. TSdA+c-di-AMP increased TSdA-specific IgA secretion in the nasal passages and also in the distal intestinal mucosa. Moreover, T and B-lymphocytes from NALT-draining cervical lymph nodes and spleen showed an intense proliferation after ex-vivo stimulation with TSdA. Intranasal administration of TSdA+c-di-AMP provokes an enhancement of TSdA-specific IgG2a and IgG1 plasma antibodies, accompanied by an increase IgG2a/IgG1 ratio, indicative of a Th1-biased profile. In addition, immune plasma derived from TSdA+c-di-AMP vaccinated mice exhibit in-vivo and ex-vivo protective capacity. Lastly, TSdA+c-di-AMP nasal vaccine also promotes intense footpad swelling after local TSdA challenge. Our data support that TSdA+c-di-AMP nasal vaccine triggers a NALT mixed pattern of cytokines that were clearly associated with an evident mucosal and systemic immunogenicity. These data are useful for further understanding the immune responses elicited by the NALT following intranasal immunization and the rational design of TS-based vaccination strategies for prophylaxis against T. cruzi.
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Affiliation(s)
- María F Pacini
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER-CONICET-UNR), Argentina
| | - Camila Bulfoni Balbi
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER-CONICET-UNR), Argentina
| | - Brenda Dinatale
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER-CONICET-UNR), Argentina
| | - Florencia B González
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER-CONICET-UNR), Argentina
| | - Estefania Prochetto
- Laboratorio de Tecnología Inmunológica, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Argentina
| | - María A De Hernández
- Área Parasitología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, UNR. Laboratorio de Biología y Bioquímica de T. cruzi. Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET-UNR), Argentina
| | - Pamela Cribb
- Área Parasitología, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, UNR. Laboratorio de Biología y Bioquímica de T. cruzi. Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET-UNR), Argentina
| | - Cecilia Farré
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER-CONICET-UNR), Argentina; Centro de Investigación y Producción de Reactivos Biológicos (CIPReB), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Argentina
| | - Martín Espariz
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Genética de Bacterias Lácticas. Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET-UNR), Argentina
| | - Víctor S Blancato
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Genética de Bacterias Lácticas. Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET-UNR), Argentina
| | - Christian Magni
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Genética de Bacterias Lácticas. Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET-UNR), Argentina
| | - Iván Marcipar
- Laboratorio de Tecnología Inmunológica, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Argentina
| | - Ana R Pérez
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER-CONICET-UNR), Argentina; Centro de Investigación y Producción de Reactivos Biológicos (CIPReB), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Argentina.
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Biscari L, Maza MC, Farré C, Kaufman CD, Amigorena S, Fresno M, Gironès N, Alloatti A. Sec22b-dependent antigen cross-presentation is a significant contributor of T cell priming during infection with the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1138571. [PMID: 36936692 PMCID: PMC10014565 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1138571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Antigen cross-presentation is a vital mechanism of dendritic cells and other antigen presenting cells to orchestrate the priming of cytotoxic responses towards killing of infected or cancer cells. In this process, exogenous antigens are internalized by dendritic cells, processed, loaded onto MHC class I molecules and presented to CD8+ T cells to activate them. Sec22b is an ER-Golgi Intermediate Compartment resident SNARE protein that, in partnership with sintaxin4, coordinates the recruitment of the transporter associated with antigen processing protein and the peptide loading complex to phagosomes, where antigenic peptides that have been proteolyzed in the cytosol are loaded in MHC class I molecules and transported to the cell membrane. The silencing of Sec22b in dendritic cells primary cultures and conditionally in dendritic cells of C57BL/6 mice, critically impairs antigen cross-presentation, but neither affects other antigen presentation routes nor cytokine production and secretion. Mice with Sec22b conditionally silenced in dendritic cells (Sec22b-/-) show deficient priming of CD8+ T lymphocytes, fail to control tumor growth, and are resistant to anti-checkpoint immunotherapy. In this work, we show that Sec22b-/- mice elicit a deficient specific CD8+ T cell response when challenged with sublethal doses of Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes that is associated with increased blood parasitemia and diminished survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Biscari
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER), CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Ma Carmen Maza
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cecilia Farré
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER), CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación y Producción de Reactivos Biológicos, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Cintia Daniela Kaufman
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER), CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Sebastian Amigorena
- Institut Curie, INSERM U932, Immunity and Cancer, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Manuel Fresno
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Núria Gironès
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Alloatti
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER), CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Andrés Alloatti,
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Cai CW, O’Shea A, Eickhoff CS, Guo H, Lewis WG, Beverley SM, Hoft DF. Use of Leishmania major parasites expressing a recombinant Trypanosoma cruzi antigen as live vaccines against Chagas disease. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1059115. [PMID: 36523834 PMCID: PMC9745109 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1059115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Trypanosoma cruzi is the protozoan parasite causing Chagas disease, a Neglected Tropical Disease that affects 8 million people and causes 12,000 deaths per year, primarily because of cardiac pathology. Effective vaccination for T. cruzi remains an elusive goal. The use of a live vaccine vector, especially one that mimics the pathogen target, may be superior to the use of recombinant protein or DNA vaccine formulations. Methods We generated recombinant Leishmania major, a related trypanosomatid parasite, as a vaccine vehicle to express the immunogenic T. cruzi trans-sialidase (TS) antigen. The induction of T cell and antibody responses, as well as T. cruzi protective immunity generated by these vaccines were assessed in vivo. Results We demonstrate that mice inoculated with these recombinant TS-expressing L. major parasites mount T cell and antibody responses directed against TS and are protected against future T. cruzi infection. We also show that the partially attenuated dhfr-ts- CC1 L. major strain, previously found to induce protective immunity to virulent L. major infection without causing pathology, can also be engineered to express the TS antigen. This latter recombinant may represent a safe and effective option to explore for ultimate use in humans. Discussion Altogether, these data indicate that L. major can stably express a T. cruzi antigen and induce T. cruzi-specific protective immunity, warranting further investigation of attenuated Leishmania parasites as vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine W. Cai
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States,Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Anne O’Shea
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Christopher S. Eickhoff
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Hongjie Guo
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Warren G. Lewis
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Stephen M. Beverley
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Daniel F. Hoft
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States,Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States,*Correspondence: Daniel F. Hoft,
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Desai D, Shende P. Dual-action of colloidal ISCOMs: an optimized approach using Box-Behnken design for the management of breast cancer. Biomed Microdevices 2022; 24:28. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-022-00625-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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Jones KM, Poveda C, Versteeg L, Bottazzi ME, Hotez PJ. Preclinical advances and the immunophysiology of a new therapeutic chagas disease vaccine. Expert Rev Vaccines 2022; 21:1185-1203. [PMID: 35735065 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2022.2093721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic infection with the protozoal parasite Trypanosoma cruzi leads to a progressive cardiac disease, known as chronic Chagasic cardiomyopathy (CCC). A new therapeutic Chagas disease vaccine is in development to augment existing antiparasitic chemotherapy drugs. AREAS COVERED We report on our current understanding of the underlying immunologic and physiologic mechanisms that lead to CCC, including parasite immune escape mechanisms that allow persistence and the subsequent inflammatory and fibrotic processes that lead to clinical disease. We report on vaccine design and the observed immunotherapeutic effects including induction of a balanced TH1/TH2/TH17 immune response that leads to reduced parasite burdens and tissue pathology. Further, we report vaccine-linked chemotherapy, a dose sparing strategy to further reduce parasite burdens and tissue pathology. EXPERT OPINION Our vaccine-linked chemotherapeutic approach is a multimodal treatment strategy, addressing both the parasite persistence and the underlying deleterious host inflammatory and fibrotic responses that lead to cardiac dysfunction. In targeting treatment towards patients with chronic indeterminate or early determinate Chagas disease, this vaccine-linked chemotherapeutic approach will be highly economical and will reduce the global disease burden and deaths due to CCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Jones
- Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America.,Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Cristina Poveda
- Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America.,Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Leroy Versteeg
- Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America.,Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America.,Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University & Research, De Elst 1, 6708 WD Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Elena Bottazzi
- Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America.,Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America.,Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, United States of America
| | - Peter J Hotez
- Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America.,Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America.,Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, United States of America.,James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America.,Hagler Institute for Advanced Study at Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
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Assessment of a combined treatment with a therapeutic vaccine and benznidazole for the Trypanosoma cruzi chronic infection. Acta Trop 2022; 229:106334. [PMID: 35101415 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The difficulties encountered in achieving treatments for chronic Chagas disease have promoted the investigation of new therapeutic strategies. In this study, we used two murine models of Trypanosoma cruzi chronic infection to determine the usefulness of applying a therapeutic vaccine alone or followed by benznidazole (Bz) chemotherapy. A vaccine formulation based on an N-terminal fragment of Trans-sialidase (TS) and Immunostimulant Particle Adjuvant (ISPA) - TSNt-ISPA was obtained. Firstly, the immunogenicity and protective capacity of TSNt-ISPA was demonstrated as a prophylactic formulation in an acute model of infection. Later, the formulation was assessed as a therapeutic vaccine alone or combined with (Bz) using two models of chronic infection. BALB/c mice chronically infected with Sylvio X10/4 or Tulahuen cl2 T. cruzi strains were not treated as control or treated only with the therapeutic vaccine TSNt-ISPA, with a combined treatment TSNt-ISPA+Bz (Bz applied after the vaccine), or only with Bz. The vaccination schedule consisted of TSNt-ISPA administration at days110, 120, and 130 post-infection (pi) and Bz administration was performed daily from day 140 to 170 pi. At day 273 pi, electrocardiographic (ECG) parameters, heart parasite load, myocarditis, and heart fibrosis were assessed. In both models, therapeutic administration of TSNt-ISPA reduced ECG alterations and the cardiac tissue damage observed in the chronic phase. Moreover, vaccine treatment significantly decreased heart parasite load in both Sylvio X10/4 and Tulahuen cl2 infected mice. The combined treatment, but not Bz or vaccine administration alone, allowed to restore ECG parameters in Tulahuen cl2 infected mice. The results indicate the usefulness of the therapeutic TSNt-ISPA formulation in BALB/c mice chronically infected with Sylvio X10/4 or Tulahuen cl2 strain. For the mice infected with T. cruzi Tulahuen cl2 strain, the combined treatment with the vaccine and Bz had a more positive effect on the course of heart disease than the individual treatments with the vaccine or Bz alone.
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Pacini MF, González FB, Dinatale B, Bulfoni Balbi C, Villar SR, Farré C, Lupi G, Espariz M, Blancato VS, Magni C, Marcipar I, Pérez AR. Nasal immunization with a L. lactis-derived trans-sialidase antigen plus c-di-AMP protects against acute oral T. cruzi infection. Vaccine 2022; 40:2311-2323. [PMID: 35279330 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.02.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The new generation of vaccines for Chagas disease, are focused to induce both humoral and cellular response to effectively control Trypanosoma cruzi parasites. The administration of vaccine formulations intranasally has the advantage over parenteral routes that can induce a specific response at mucosal and systemic levels. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the immunogenicity and prophylactic effectiveness of two Trans-sialidase (TS)-based mucosal vaccines against T. cruzi administered intranasally. Vaccines consisted of a recombinant fragment of TS expressed in Lactococcus lactis formulated in two different adjuvants. The first, was an immunostimulant particle (ISPA, an ISCOMATRIX-like adjuvant), while the second was the dinucleotide c-di-AMP, which have shown immunostimulant properties at the mucosal level. BALB/c mice were immunized intranasally (3 doses, one every two weeks) with each formulation (TS + ISPA or TS + c-di-AMP) and with TS alone or vehicle (saline solution) as controls. Fifteen days after the last immunization, both TS + ISPA or TS + c-di-AMP induced an evident systemic humoral and cellular response, as judged by the increased plasma anti-TS IgG2a titers and IgG2a/IgG1 ratio and enhanced cellular response against TS. Plasma derived antibodies from TS + c-di-AMP also inhibit in vitro the invasion capacity of T. cruzi. Furthermore, specific secretory IgA was more enhanced in TS + c-di-AMP group. Protective efficacy was proved in vaccinated animals by an oral T. cruzi-challenge. Parasitemia control was only achieved by animals vaccinated with TS + c-di-AMP, despite all vaccinates groups showed enhanced CD8+IFN-γ+ T cell numbers. In addition, it was reflected during the acute phase in a significant reduction of tissue parasite load, clinical manifestations and diminished tissue damage. The better prophylactic capacity elicited by TS + c-di-AMP was related to the induction of neutralizing plasma antibodies and augmented levels of mucosal IgA since TS + ISPA and TS + c-di-AMP groups displayed similar immunogenicity and CD8+IFN-γ+ T-cell response. Therefore, TS + c-di-AMP formulation appears as a promising strategy for prophylaxis against T. cruzi.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Brenda Dinatale
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER-CONICET), Argentina
| | - Camila Bulfoni Balbi
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER-CONICET), Argentina
| | - Silvina Raquel Villar
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER-CONICET), Argentina; Centro de Investigación y Producción de Reactivos Biológicos (CIPReB), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Farré
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER-CONICET), Argentina; Centro de Investigación y Producción de Reactivos Biológicos (CIPReB), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Argentina
| | - Giuliana Lupi
- Laboratorio de Tecnología Inmunológica, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Argentina
| | - Martín Espariz
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Molecular de Rosario, Laboratorio de Fisiología y Genética de Bacterias Lácticas, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET), Argentina
| | - Víctor Sebastián Blancato
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Molecular de Rosario, Laboratorio de Fisiología y Genética de Bacterias Lácticas, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET), Argentina
| | - Christian Magni
- Instituto de Biología Celular y Molecular de Rosario, Laboratorio de Fisiología y Genética de Bacterias Lácticas, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET), Argentina
| | - Iván Marcipar
- Laboratorio de Tecnología Inmunológica, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Argentina
| | - Ana Rosa Pérez
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER-CONICET), Argentina; Centro de Investigación y Producción de Reactivos Biológicos (CIPReB), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Argentina.
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Pathogen diversity, immunity, and the fate of infections: lessons learned from Trypanosoma cruzi human–host interactions. THE LANCET MICROBE 2022; 3:e711-e722. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(21)00265-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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Soprano LL, Ferrero MR, Landoni M, García GA, Esteva MI, Couto AS, Duschak VG. Cruzipain Sulfotopes-Specific Antibodies Generate Cardiac Tissue Abnormalities and Favor Trypanosoma cruzi Infection in the BALB/c Mice Model of Experimental Chagas Disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:814276. [PMID: 35059328 PMCID: PMC8763857 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.814276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi cruzipain (Cz) bears a C-terminal domain (C-T) that contains sulfated epitopes “sulfotopes” (GlcNAc6S) on its unique N-glycosylation site. The effects of in vivo exposure to GlcNAc6S on heart tissue ultrastructure, immune responses, and along the outcome of infection by T. cruzi, were evaluated in a murine experimental model, BALB/c, using three independent strategies. First, mice were pre-exposed to C-T by immunization. C-T-immunized mice (C-TIM) showed IgG2a/IgG1 <1, induced the production of cytokines from Th2, Th17, and Th1 profiles with respect to those of dC-TIM, which only induced IL-10 respect to the control mice. Surprisingly, after sublethal challenge, both C-TIM and dC-TIM showed significantly higher parasitemia and mortality than the control group. Second, mice exposed to BSA-GlcNAc6S as immunogen (BSA-GlcNAc6SIM) showed: severe ultrastructural cardiac alterations while BSA-GlcNAcIM conserved the regular tissue architecture with slight myofibril changes; a strong highly specific humoral-immune-response reproducing the IgG-isotype-profile obtained with C-TIM; and a significant memory-T-cell-response demonstrating sulfotope-immunodominance with respect to BSA-GlcNAcIM. After sublethal challenge, BSA-GlcNAc6SIM showed exacerbated parasitemias, despite elevated IFN-γ levels were registered. In both cases, the abrogation of ultrastructural alterations when using desulfated immunogens supported the direct involvement of sulfotopes and/or indirect effect through their specific antibodies, in the induction of tissue damage. Finally, a third strategy using a passive transference of sulfotope-specific antibodies (IgG-GlcNAc6S) showed the detrimental activity of IgG-GlcNAc6S on mice cardiac tissue, and mice treated with IgG-GlcNAc6S after a sublethal dose of T. cruzi, surprisingly reached higher parasitemias than control groups. These findings confirmed the indirect role of the sulfotopes, via their IgG-GlcNAc6S, both in the immunopathogenicity as well as favoring T. cruzi infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana L Soprano
- Area of Biochemistry of Proteins and Glycobiology of Parasites, Research Department, National Institute of Parasitology "Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben", ANLIS-Malbrán, Health Department, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA, 1063), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maximiliano R Ferrero
- Area of Biochemistry of Proteins and Glycobiology of Parasites, Research Department, National Institute of Parasitology "Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben", ANLIS-Malbrán, Health Department, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA, 1063), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Malena Landoni
- Organic Chemistry Department, Natural and Exact Sciences Faculty; Research Center in Carbohydrates (CIHIDECAR), University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela A García
- Area of Biochemistry of Proteins and Glycobiology of Parasites, Research Department, National Institute of Parasitology "Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben", ANLIS-Malbrán, Health Department, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA, 1063), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mónica I Esteva
- Area of Biochemistry of Proteins and Glycobiology of Parasites, Research Department, National Institute of Parasitology "Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben", ANLIS-Malbrán, Health Department, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA, 1063), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alicia S Couto
- Organic Chemistry Department, Natural and Exact Sciences Faculty; Research Center in Carbohydrates (CIHIDECAR), University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vilma G Duschak
- Area of Biochemistry of Proteins and Glycobiology of Parasites, Research Department, National Institute of Parasitology "Dr. Mario Fatala Chaben", ANLIS-Malbrán, Health Department, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA, 1063), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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11
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da Costa KM, Marques da Fonseca L, dos Reis JS, Santos MARDC, Previato JO, Mendonça-Previato L, Freire-de-Lima L. Trypanosoma cruzi trans-Sialidase as a Potential Vaccine Target Against Chagas Disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:768450. [PMID: 34765570 PMCID: PMC8576188 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.768450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Chagas' disease is caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, described in the early 20th century by the Brazilian physician Dr. Carlos Chagas. There was a great amount of research devoted to diagnosis, treatment and prevention of the disease. One of the most important discoveries made since then, impacting the understanding of how the parasite interacts with the host's immune system, was the description of trans-sialidase. It is an unique enzyme, capable of masking the parasite's presence from the host, while at the same time dampening the activation of CD8+ T cells, the most important components of the immune response. Since the description of Chagas' disease in 1909, extensive research has identified important events in the disease in order to understand the biochemical mechanism that modulates T. cruzi-host cell interactions and the ability of the parasite to ensure its survival. The importance of the trans-sialidase enzyme brought life to many studies for the design of diagnostic tests, drugs and vaccines. While many groups have been prolific, such efforts have encountered problems, among them: the fact that while T. cruzi have many genes that are unique to the parasite, it relies on multiple copies of them and the difficulty in providing epitopes that result in effective and robust immune responses. In this review, we aim to convey the importance of trans-sialidase as well as to provide a history, including the initial failures and the most promising successes in the chasing of a working vaccine for a disease that is endemic in many tropical countries, including Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli Monteiro da Costa
- Laboratório de Glicobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Lucia Mendonça-Previato
- Laboratório de Glicobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Freire-de-Lima
- Laboratório de Glicobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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12
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Gamba JC, Roldán C, Prochetto E, Lupi G, Bontempi I, Poncini CV, Vermeulen M, Pérez AR, Marcipar I, Cabrera G. Targeting Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells to Enhance a Trans-Sialidase-Based Vaccine Against Trypanosoma cruzi. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:671104. [PMID: 34295832 PMCID: PMC8290872 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.671104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) is a hemoflagellate protozoan parasite that causes Chagas disease, a neglected tropical disease that affects more than 6 million people around the world, mostly in Latin America. Despite intensive research, there is no vaccine available; therefore, new approaches are needed to further improve vaccine efficacy. It is well established that experimental T. cruzi infection induces a marked immunosuppressed state, which includes notably increases of CD11b+ GR-1+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in the spleen, liver and heart of infected mice. We previously showed that a trans-sialidase based vaccine (TSf-ISPA) is able to confer protection against a virulent T. cruzi strain, stimulating the effector immune response and decreasing CD11b+ GR-1+ splenocytes significantly. Here, we show that even in the immunological context elicited by the TSf-ISPA vaccine, the remaining MDSCs are still able to influence several immune populations. Depletion of MDSCs with 5 fluorouracil (5FU) at day 15 post-infection notably reshaped the immune response, as evidenced by flow cytometry of spleen cells obtained from mice after 21 days post-infection. After infection, TSf-ISPA-vaccinated and 5FU-treated mice showed a marked increase of the CD8 response, which included an increased expression of CD107a and CD44 markers in CD8+ cultured splenocytes. In addition, vaccinated and MDSC depleted mice showed an increase in the percentage and number of CD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) as well as in the expression of Foxp3+ in CD4+ splenocytes. Furthermore, depletion of MDSCs also caused changes in the percentage and number of CD11chigh CD8α+ dendritic cells as well as in activation/maturation markers such as CD80, CD40 and MHCII. Thus, the obtained results suggest that MDSCs not only play a role suppressing the effector response during T. cruzi infection, but also strongly modulate the immune response in vaccinated mice, even when the vaccine formulation has a significant protective capacity. Although MDSC depletion at day 15 post-infection did not ameliorated survival or parasitemia levels, depletion of MDSCs during the first week of infection caused a beneficial trend in parasitemia and mice survival of vaccinated mice, supporting the possibility to target MDSCs from different approaches to enhance vaccine efficacy. Finally, since we previously showed that TSf-ISPA immunization causes a slight but significant increase of CD11b+ GR-1+ splenocytes, here we also targeted those cells at the stage of immunization, prior to T. cruzi challenge. Notably, 5FU administration before each dose of TSf-ISPA vaccine was able to significantly ameliorate survival and decrease parasitemia levels of TSf-ISPA-vaccinated and infected mice. Overall, this work supports that targeting MDSCs may be a valuable tool during vaccine design against T. cruzi, and likely for other pathologies that are characterized by the subversion of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Cruz Gamba
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Carolina Roldán
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Estefanía Prochetto
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Giuliana Lupi
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Iván Bontempi
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Carolina Verónica Poncini
- Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mónica Vermeulen
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Oncológica, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX-CONICET), Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Rosa Pérez
- IDICER-CONICET and Instituto de Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Iván Marcipar
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Gabriel Cabrera
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
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13
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Dumonteil E, Herrera C. The Case for the Development of a Chagas Disease Vaccine: Why? How? When? Trop Med Infect Dis 2021; 6:tropicalmed6010016. [PMID: 33530605 PMCID: PMC7851737 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed6010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease is a major neglected tropical disease, transmitted predominantly by triatomine insect vectors, but also through congenital and oral routes. While endemic in the Americas, it has turned into a global disease. Because of the current drug treatment limitations, a vaccine would represent a major advancement for better control of the disease. Here, we review some of the rationale, advances, and challenges for the ongoing development of a vaccine against Chagas disease. Recent pre-clinical studies in murine models have further expanded (i) the range of vaccine platforms and formulations tested; (ii) our understanding of the immune correlates for protection; and (iii) the extent of vaccine effects on cardiac function, beyond survival and parasite burden. We further discuss outstanding issues and opportunities to move Chagas disease development forward in the near future.
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14
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Caeiro LD, Masip YE, Rizzi M, Rodríguez ME, Pueblas Castro C, Sánchez DO, Coria ML, Cassataro J, Tekiel V. The Trypanosoma cruzi TcTASV-C protein subfamily administrated with U-Omp19 promotes a protective response against a lethal challenge in mice. Vaccine 2020; 38:7645-7653. [PMID: 33071003 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of a Chagaś disease vaccine has yet the need for the identification of novel combinations of antigens and adjuvants. Here, the performance of TcTASV-C proteins that are virulence factors of trypomastigotes and belong to a novel surface protein family specific for T. cruzi, have been evaluated as antigens for a prophylactic vaccine. Several immunization schemes in which TcTASV-C was combined with aluminum hydroxide, saponin and/or U-Omp19 were assayed. Aluminum hydroxide and saponin were assayed together to trigger different pathways of the immune response simultaneously. U-Omp19 is a promising novel adjuvant able to promote a Th1 immune response with IFNg production, thus an interesting molecule to be tested as adjuvant for the control of T. cruzi infection. Therefore, U-Omp19 was added to the aluminum hydroxide-saponin formulation as well as assayed individually with TcTASV-C. The immunization with TcTASV-C and U-Omp19 had the best performance as a prophylactic vaccine. Mice presented the lowest parasitemias and improved survival by 40% after being challenged with a highly virulent T. cruzi strain, which promoted 100% mortality in all other immunized groups. Immunization with TcTASV-C and U-Omp19 triggered cellular responses with IFN-γ and IL-17 production and with lytic antibodies that could explain the protection achieved by this vaccination scheme. To our knowledge, this is the first time that U-Omp19 is tested with a defined T. cruzi antigen in a vaccine formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas D Caeiro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas (IIBio), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - CONICET, Av. 25 de Mayo y Francia, Campus UNSAM, San Martín (1650), Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Yamil E Masip
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas (IIBio), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - CONICET, Av. 25 de Mayo y Francia, Campus UNSAM, San Martín (1650), Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Mariana Rizzi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas (IIBio), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - CONICET, Av. 25 de Mayo y Francia, Campus UNSAM, San Martín (1650), Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Matías E Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas (IIBio), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - CONICET, Av. 25 de Mayo y Francia, Campus UNSAM, San Martín (1650), Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Celeste Pueblas Castro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas (IIBio), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - CONICET, Av. 25 de Mayo y Francia, Campus UNSAM, San Martín (1650), Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Daniel O Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas (IIBio), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - CONICET, Av. 25 de Mayo y Francia, Campus UNSAM, San Martín (1650), Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - M Lorena Coria
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas (IIBio), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - CONICET, Av. 25 de Mayo y Francia, Campus UNSAM, San Martín (1650), Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Juliana Cassataro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas (IIBio), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - CONICET, Av. 25 de Mayo y Francia, Campus UNSAM, San Martín (1650), Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Valeria Tekiel
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas (IIBio), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM) - CONICET, Av. 25 de Mayo y Francia, Campus UNSAM, San Martín (1650), Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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15
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Bontempi I, Leal K, Prochetto E, Díaz G, Cabrera G, Bortolotti A, Morbidoni HR, Borsuk S, Dellagostin O, Marcipar I. Recombinant Mycobacterium bovis BCG is a promising platform to develop vaccines against Trypansoma cruzi infection. Clin Exp Immunol 2020; 201:306-316. [PMID: 32464684 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease, caused by the hemoflagelate parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, is one of the most prevalent endemic parasitoses, affecting 7-8 million people. Due to the complexity of the infection, no vaccines are available at present. The extraordinary adjuvant capacity of bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) was explored in this work to develop a vaccine candidate to protect against T. cruzi infection using the recombinant BCG (rBCG) vaccine platform. Three antigens of the parasite corresponding to the N and C terminal fragments of the enzyme trans-sialidase (NT-TS and CT-TS, respectively) and a fragment of the cruzipain enzyme (CZf) were cloned into the vectors pUS997 and pUS2000 and transformed into the BCG Pasteur strain. In vaccinated mice, rBCG expressing NT-TS in pUS2000 plasmid provided the highest protection and the lowest parasitemia after challenging BALB/c mice with a 50% lethal dose of parasites. When mice vaccinated with pUS2000-NT-TS were challenged with a 100% lethal dose of parasite, high levels of protection were also obtained, together with a low degree of cardiac lesions 120 days after infection. In immunized mice with pUS2000-NT-TS/rBCG clone, the proliferation of CD4+ cells from splenocytes stimulated with the TS antigen was significant; this stimulation increased interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-17 within CD4⁺ T lymphocytes (LTCD4+ ) cells and IFN-γ and CD107 expression within LTCD8+ cells. Therefore, pUS2000-NT-TS/rBCG conferred high levels of protection, which correlated with an immune response orientated towards a T helper type 1 (Th1)/Th17 profile, together with an LTC-specific response, indicating that rBCG is a promising platform to develop vaccines against T. cruzi.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Bontempi
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - K Leal
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia, CDTec, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - E Prochetto
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - G Díaz
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - G Cabrera
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - A Bortolotti
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - H R Morbidoni
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - S Borsuk
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia, CDTec, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - O Dellagostin
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia, CDTec, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - I Marcipar
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
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16
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Sáenz-Garcia JL, Yamanaka IB, Pacheco-Lugo LA, Miranda JS, Córneo ES, Machado-de-Ávila RA, De Moura JF, DaRocha WD. Targeting epimastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi with a peptide isolated from a phage display random library. Exp Parasitol 2020; 210:107830. [PMID: 31917970 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2020.107830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease, also known as American trypanosomiasis, is a potentially life-threatening illness caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, which is transmitted by insects of the family Reduviidae. Since conventional treatments with nitroheterocyclic drugs show serious adverse reactions and have questionable efficiency, different research groups have investigated polypeptide-based approaches to interfere with the parasite cell cycle in other Trypanosomatids. These strategies are supported by the fact that surface players are candidates to develop surface ligands that impair function since they may act as virulence factors. In this study, we used a phage display approach to identify peptides from one library-LX8CX8 (17 aa) (where X corresponds to any amino acid). After testing different biopanning conditions using live or fixed epimastigotes, 10 clones were sequenced that encoded the same peptide, named here as EPI18. The bacteriophage expressing EPI18 binds to epimastigotes from distinct strains of T. cruzi. To confirm these results, this peptide was synthetized, biotinylated, and assayed using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy analyses. These assays confirmed the specificity of the binding capacity of EPI18 toward epimastigote surfaces. Our findings suggest that EPI18 may have potential biotechnological applications that include peptide-based strategies to control parasite transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Sáenz-Garcia
- Laboratório de Genômica Funcional de Parasitos, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil; Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, UNAN-Managua, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Isabel B Yamanaka
- Laboratório de Imunoquímica, Departamento de Patologia Básica, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Lisandro A Pacheco-Lugo
- Laboratório de Genômica Funcional de Parasitos, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil; Universidad Simón Bolívar. Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Juliana S Miranda
- Laboratório de Imunoquímica, Departamento de Patologia Básica, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Emily S Córneo
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Do Extremo Sul Catarinense, CEP, 88806-000. Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Ricardo A Machado-de-Ávila
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Experimental, Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Do Extremo Sul Catarinense, CEP, 88806-000. Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Juliana F De Moura
- Laboratório de Imunoquímica, Departamento de Patologia Básica, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
| | - Wanderson D DaRocha
- Laboratório de Genômica Funcional de Parasitos, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal Do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.
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17
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Bivona AE, Alberti AS, Cerny N, Trinitario SN, Malchiodi EL. Chagas disease vaccine design: the search for an efficient Trypanosoma cruzi immune-mediated control. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165658. [PMID: 31904415 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.165658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease is currently endemic to 21 Latin-American countries and has also become a global concern because of globalization and mass migration of chronically infected individuals. Prophylactic and therapeutic vaccination might contribute to control the infection and the pathology, as complement of other strategies such as vector control and chemotherapy. Ideal prophylactic vaccine would produce sterilizing immunity; however, a reduction of the parasite burden would prevent progression from Trypanosoma cruzi infection to Chagas disease. A therapeutic vaccine for Chagas disease may improve or even replace the treatment with current drugs which have several side effects and require long term treatment that frequently leads to therapeutic withdrawal. Here, we will review some aspects about sub-unit vaccines, the rationale behind the selection of the immunogen, the role of adjuvants, the advantages and limitations of DNA-based vaccines and the idea of therapeutic vaccines. One of the main limitations to advance vaccine development against Chagas disease is the high number of variables that must be considered and the lack of uniform criteria among research laboratories. To make possible comparisons, much of this review will be focused on experiments that kept many variables constant including antigen mass/doses, type of eukaryotic plasmid, DNA-delivery system, mice strain and sex, lethal and sublethal model of infection, and similar immunogenicity and efficacy assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto E Bivona
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Inmunología and Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral Prof. Dr. Ricardo A. Margni (IDEHU), UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología and Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM), UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrés Sánchez Alberti
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Inmunología and Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral Prof. Dr. Ricardo A. Margni (IDEHU), UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología and Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM), UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natacha Cerny
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Inmunología and Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral Prof. Dr. Ricardo A. Margni (IDEHU), UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología and Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM), UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sebastián N Trinitario
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Inmunología and Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral Prof. Dr. Ricardo A. Margni (IDEHU), UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología and Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM), UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Emilio L Malchiodi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Inmunología and Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral Prof. Dr. Ricardo A. Margni (IDEHU), UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología and Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM), UBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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18
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Acosta Rodríguez EV, Araujo Furlan CL, Fiocca Vernengo F, Montes CL, Gruppi A. Understanding CD8 + T Cell Immunity to Trypanosoma cruzi and How to Improve It. Trends Parasitol 2019; 35:899-917. [PMID: 31607632 PMCID: PMC6815727 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi is the causative agent of Chagas' disease, endemic in Latin America but present worldwide. Research efforts have focused on the examination of immune mechanisms that mediate host protection as well as immunopathology during this parasitic infection. The study of CD8+ T cell immunity emerges as a key aspect given the critical importance of parasite-specific CD8+ T cells for host resistance throughout the infection. In recent years, new research has shed light on novel pathways that modulate the induction, maintenance, and regulation of CD8+ T cell responses to T. cruzi. This new knowledge is setting the ground for future vaccines and/or immunotherapies. Herein, we critically review and analyze the latest results published in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva V Acosta Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI)-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Cintia L Araujo Furlan
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI)-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Facundo Fiocca Vernengo
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI)-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Carolina L Montes
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI)-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Adriana Gruppi
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI)-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
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19
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Cabrera G, Marcipar I. Vaccines and the regulatory arm of the immune system. An overview from the Trypanosoma cruzi infection model. Vaccine 2019; 37:3628-3637. [PMID: 31155420 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The knowledge that the immune system is composed of a regulatory/suppressor arm added a new point of view to better understand the nature of several pathologies including cancer, transplants, infections and autoimmune diseases. The striking discoveries concerning molecules and cells involved in this kind of regulation were followed by the elucidation of equally notable mechanisms used by several pathogens to manipulate the host immune system. Vaccines against pathogens are an invaluable tool developed to help the immune system cope with a potential infection or prevent disease pathology. Nowadays, there is accumulated evidence indicating that the powerful stimulation capacity of vaccines influences not only the effector arm of the immune system but also cells with regulatory/suppressor capacity, such as myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs). Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) is a protozoan parasite with a complex life cycle that has evolved several strategies to influence the regulatory immune response. Although diverse vaccine formulations have been able to stimulate the effector response, achieving non-sterilizing protection against T. cruzi, the influence of the vaccine candidates on the regulatory machinery has scarcely been assessed. This fact may not only reveal important information concerning how vaccines may influence cells with regulatory/suppressor capacity but also open the possibility to analyze whether vaccines are able to disrupt the mechanisms used by some pathogens to manipulate the host regulatory circuits. The aim of this review is to summarize and discuss available data related to the role of cellular components, like MDSCs and Foxp3+ Tregs, during T. cruzi infection, and the potential utility of those populations as additional targets for the rational design of vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Cabrera
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Iván Marcipar
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
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20
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da Fonseca LM, da Costa KM, Chaves VDS, Freire-de-Lima CG, Morrot A, Mendonça-Previato L, Previato JO, Freire-de-Lima L. Theft and Reception of Host Cell's Sialic Acid: Dynamics of Trypanosoma Cruzi Trans-sialidases and Mucin-Like Molecules on Chagas' Disease Immunomodulation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:164. [PMID: 30787935 PMCID: PMC6372544 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The last decades have produced a plethora of evidence on the role of glycans, from cell adhesion to signaling pathways. Much of that information pertains to their role on the immune system and their importance on the surface of many human pathogens. A clear example of this is the flagellated protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, which displays on its surface a great variety of glycoconjugates, including O-glycosylated mucin-like glycoproteins, as well as multiple glycan-binding proteins belonging to the trans-sialidase (TS) family. Among the latter, different and concurrently expressed molecules may present or not TS activity, and are accordingly known as active (aTS) and inactive (iTS) members. Over the last thirty years, it has been well described that T. cruzi is unable to synthesize sialic acid (SIA) on its own, making use of aTS to steal the host's SIA. Although iTS did not show enzymatic activity, it retains a substrate specificity similar to aTS (α-2,3 SIA-containing glycotopes), displaying lectinic properties. It is accepted that aTS members act as virulence factors in mammals coursing the acute phase of the T. cruzi infection. However, recent findings have demonstrated that iTS may also play a pathogenic role during T. cruzi infection, since it modulates events related to adhesion and invasion of the parasite into the host cells. Since both aTS and iTS proteins share structural substrate specificity, it might be plausible to speculate that iTS proteins are able to assuage and/or attenuate biological phenomena depending on the catalytic activity displayed by aTS members. Since SIA-containing glycotopes modulate the host immune system, it should not come as any surprise that changes in the sialylation of parasite's mucin-like molecules, as well as host cell glycoconjugates might disrupt critical physiological events, such as the building of effective immune responses. This review aims to discuss the importance of mucin-like glycoproteins and both aTS and iTS for T. cruzi biology, as well as to present a snapshot of how disturbances in both parasite and host cell sialoglycophenotypes may facilitate the persistence of T. cruzi in the infected mammalian host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Marques da Fonseca
- Laboratório de Glicobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Kelli Monteiro da Costa
- Laboratório de Glicobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Victoria de Sousa Chaves
- Laboratório de Glicobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Célio Geraldo Freire-de-Lima
- Laboratório de Imunomodulação, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Morrot
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Tuberculose, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lucia Mendonça-Previato
- Laboratório de Glicobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jose Osvaldo Previato
- Laboratório de Glicobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Freire-de-Lima
- Laboratório de Glicobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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21
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Quintana I, Espariz M, Villar SR, González FB, Pacini MF, Cabrera G, Bontempi I, Prochetto E, Stülke J, Perez AR, Marcipar I, Blancato V, Magni C. Genetic Engineering of Lactococcus lactis Co-producing Antigen and the Mucosal Adjuvant 3' 5'- cyclic di Adenosine Monophosphate (c-di-AMP) as a Design Strategy to Develop a Mucosal Vaccine Prototype. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2100. [PMID: 30258417 PMCID: PMC6143824 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactococcus lactis is a promising candidate for the development of mucosal vaccines. More than 20 years of experimental research supports this immunization approach. In addition, 3′ 5′- cyclic di-adenosine monophosphate (c-di-AMP) is a bacterial second messenger that plays a key role in the regulation of diverse physiological functions (potassium and cellular wall homeostasis, among others). Moreover, recent studies showed that c-di-AMP has a strong mucosal adjuvant activity that promotes both humoral and cellular immune responses. In this study, we report the development of a novel mucosal vaccine prototype based on a genetically engineered L. lactis strain. First, we demonstrate that homologous expression of cdaA gen in L. lactis is able to increase c-di-AMP levels. Thus, we hypothesized that in vivo synthesis of the adjuvant can be combined with production of an antigen of interest in a separate form or jointly in the same strain. Therefore, a specifically designed fragment of the trans-sialidase (TScf) enzyme from the Trypanosoma cruzi parasite, the etiological agent of Chagas disease, was selected to evaluate as proof of concept the immune response triggered by our vaccine prototypes. Consequently, we found that oral administration of a L. lactis strain expressing antigenic TScf combined with another L. lactis strain producing the adjuvant c-di-AMP could elicit a TS-specific immune response. Also, an additional L. lactis strain containing a single plasmid with both cdaA and tscf genes under the Pcit and Pnis promoters, respectively, was also able to elicit a specific immune response. Thus, the current report is the first one to describe an engineered L. lactis strain that simultaneously synthesizes the adjuvant c-di-AMP as well as a heterologous antigen in order to develop a simple and economical system for the formulation of vaccine prototypes using a food grade lactic acid bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Quintana
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Genética de Bacterias Lácticas, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR, CONICET UNR), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina.,Department of General Microbiology, GZMB, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martín Espariz
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Genética de Bacterias Lácticas, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR, CONICET UNR), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Biotecnología e Inocuidad de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas - Municipalidad de Granadero Baigorria (UNR), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Silvina R Villar
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER, CONICET UNR), Rosario, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Centro de Investigación y Producción de Reactivos Biológicos, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Florencia B González
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER, CONICET UNR), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Maria F Pacini
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER, CONICET UNR), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Gabriel Cabrera
- Laboratorio de Tecnología Inmunológica, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Iván Bontempi
- Laboratorio de Tecnología Inmunológica, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Estefanía Prochetto
- Laboratorio de Tecnología Inmunológica, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Jörg Stülke
- Department of General Microbiology, GZMB, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ana R Perez
- Instituto de Inmunología Clínica y Experimental de Rosario (IDICER, CONICET UNR), Rosario, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Centro de Investigación y Producción de Reactivos Biológicos, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Iván Marcipar
- Laboratorio de Tecnología Inmunológica, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Victor Blancato
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Genética de Bacterias Lácticas, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR, CONICET UNR), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Biotecnología e Inocuidad de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas - Municipalidad de Granadero Baigorria (UNR), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Christian Magni
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Genética de Bacterias Lácticas, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR, CONICET UNR), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Biotecnología e Inocuidad de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas - Municipalidad de Granadero Baigorria (UNR), Rosario, Argentina
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22
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Bontempi I, Fleitas P, Poato A, Vicco M, Rodeles L, Prochetto E, Cabrera G, Beluzzo B, Arias D, Racca A, Guerrero S, Marcipar I. Trans-sialidase overcomes many antigens to be used as a vaccine candidate against Trypanosoma cruzi. Immunotherapy 2018; 9:555-565. [PMID: 28595515 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2017-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The development of vaccines against Trypanosoma cruzi remains in an exploratory stage. Despite several antigen candidates have been evaluated, a comparison among the performance of the immunogens cannot be carried out because the available reports differ in formulations and infection model. In this work, we compared the protective capacity of seven T. cruzi antigens in the same model of five new antigens and two well-established candidates. Materials & methods: We evaluated highly immunogenic proteins that contain tandem repeats (FRA [flagelar repetitive protein], Tc3, Tc6); enzymes involved in metabolic pathways critical for parasite survival (cytosolic tryparedoxin peroxidase and tryparedoxin peroxidase); and enzymes involved in parasite invasion (trans-sialidase [TS] and cruzipain). All these antigens were formulated with Freund's adjuvant and protection against the parasite infection was assessed in BALB/c mice. RESULTS Tc3, cytosolic tryparedoxin peroxidase, cruzipain and TS showed the best outcome after infection in survival level and parasitemia. According to these data, these groups were also assessed using the ISCOMATRIX™ adjuvant which is being used in clinical trials. CONCLUSION Taken together, our results showed that the TS overcomes the performance of other antigens when the same model is employed, confirming that TS is a promising antigen that could be used as a vaccine against T. cruzi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Bontempi
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Argentina
| | - Pedro Fleitas
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Argentina
| | - Alexia Poato
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Argentina
| | - Miguel Vicco
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Argentina
| | - Luz Rodeles
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Argentina
| | - Estefania Prochetto
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Argentina
| | - Gabriel Cabrera
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Argentina
| | - Bruno Beluzzo
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Argentina
| | - Diego Arias
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Argentina
| | - Andrea Racca
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Argentina
| | - Sergio Guerrero
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología del Litoral (CONICET-UNL), Argentina
| | - Iván Marcipar
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Argentina
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23
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Almeida APMM, Machado LFM, Doro D, Nascimento FC, Damasceno L, Gazzinelli RT, Fernandes AP, Junqueira C. New Vaccine Formulations Containing a Modified Version of the Amastigote 2 Antigen and the Non-Virulent Trypanosoma cruzi CL-14 Strain Are Highly Antigenic and Protective against Leishmania infantum Challenge. Front Immunol 2018; 9:465. [PMID: 29599776 PMCID: PMC5863692 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a major public health issue reported as the second illness in mortality among all tropical diseases. Clinical trials have shown that protection against VL is associated with robust T cell responses, especially those producing IFN-γ. The Leishmania amastigote 2 (A2) protein has been repeatedly described as immunogenic and protective against VL in different animal models; it is recognized by human T cells, and it is also commercially available in a vaccine formulation containing saponin against canine VL. Moving toward a more appropriate formulation for human vaccination, here, we tested a new optimized version of the recombinant protein (rA2), designed for Escherichia coli expression, in combination with adjuvants that have been approved for human use. Moreover, aiming at improving the cellular immune response triggered by rA2, we generated a recombinant live vaccine vector using Trypanosoma cruzi CL-14 non-virulent strain, named CL-14 A2. Mice immunized with respective rA2, adsorbed in Alum/CpG B297, a TLR9 agonist recognized by mice and human homologs, or with the recombinant CL-14 A2 parasites through homologous prime-boost protocol, were evaluated for antigen-specific immune responses and protection against Leishmania infantum promastigote challenge. Immunization with the new rA2/Alum/CpG formulations and CL-14 A2 transgenic vectors elicited stronger cellular immune responses than control groups, as shown by increased levels of IFN-γ, conferring protection against L. infantum challenge. Interestingly, the use of the wild-type CL-14 alone was enough to boost immunity and confer protection, confirming the previously reported immunogenic potential of this strain. Together, these results support the success of both the newly designed rA2 antigen and the ability of T. cruzi CL-14 to induce strong T cell-mediated immune responses against VL in animal models when used as a live vaccine vector. In conclusion, the vaccination strategies explored here reveal promising alternatives for the development of new rA2 vaccine formulations to be translated human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula M M Almeida
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Leopoldo F M Machado
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Daniel Doro
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Frederico C Nascimento
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Tostes Gazzinelli
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Division of Infectious Disease, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Ana Paula Fernandes
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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24
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Bertona D, Pujato N, Bontempi I, Gonzalez V, Cabrera G, Gugliotta L, Hozbor D, Nicastro A, Calvinho L, Marcipar IS. Development and assessment of a new cage-like particle adjuvant. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 69:1293-1303. [PMID: 28664569 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To obtain and assess stable cage-like particles with low surface charge density, which can be prepared using a standardized, economic and scalable method. METHODS To form these nanoparticles, the lipid composition and proportion as well the method were modified in relation to cage-like particles previously described elsewhere. Bovine albumin was used to compare ISPA performance with that of other adjuvants in mice and to assess stability. Adjuvant efficacy was analysed using a mouse model of Trypanosoma cruzi infection, which shows protection against an intracellular infection that needs a strong cellular response. KEY FINDINGS The new particles were better in terms of level, kinetics and profile of humoral responses than Freund Adjuvant, aluminium hydroxide and Montanide TM ISA 206; they also tended to improve ISCOMATRIX™ performance. Particle size and adjuvant performance were conserved during the 6-month period assessed after preparation. In the model of Trypanosoma cruzi infection, mice immunized with ISPA and trans-sialidase developed high protection. CONCLUSIONS The obtained nanoparticles were stable and outperformed the other assessed adjuvants in joining together the capacity of most adjuvants to enhance the immune response against specific antigen, to reduce the number of doses, to homogenize the response between individuals and to reach a balanced TH1/TH2 response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiana Bertona
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Nazarena Pujato
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Iván Bontempi
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Verónica Gonzalez
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,INTEC (Universidad Nacional del Litoral and CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Gabriel Cabrera
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luis Gugliotta
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,INTEC (Universidad Nacional del Litoral and CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Daniela Hozbor
- Laboratorio VacSal, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, CCT La Plata CONICET, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Luis Calvinho
- Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Iván Sergio Marcipar
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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25
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Prochetto E, Roldán C, Bontempi IA, Bertona D, Peverengo L, Vicco MH, Rodeles LM, Pérez AR, Marcipar IS, Cabrera G. Trans-sialidase-based vaccine candidate protects against Trypanosoma cruzi infection, not only inducing an effector immune response but also affecting cells with regulatory/suppressor phenotype. Oncotarget 2017; 8:58003-58020. [PMID: 28938533 PMCID: PMC5601629 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prophylactic and/or therapeutic vaccines have an important potential to control Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi)infection. The involvement of regulatory/suppressor immune cells after an immunization treatment and T. cruzi infection has never been addressed. Here we show that a new trans-sialidase-based immunogen (TSf) was able to confer protection, correlating not only with beneficial changes in effector immune parameters, but also influencing populations of cells related to immune control. Regarding the effector response, mice immunized with TSf showed a TS-specific antibody response, significant delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactivity and increased production of IFN-γ by CD8+ splenocytes. After a challenge with T. cruzi, TSf-immunized mice showed 90% survival and low parasitemia as compared with 40% survival and high parasitemia in PBS-immunized mice. In relation to the regulatory/suppressor arm of the immune system, after T. cruzi infection TSf-immunized mice showed an increase in spleen CD4+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) as compared to PBS-inoculated and infected mice. Moreover, although T. cruzi infection elicited a notable increase in myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) in the spleen of PBS-inoculated mice, TSf-immunized mice showed a significantly lower increase of MDSC. Results presented herein highlight the need of studying the immune response as a whole when a vaccine candidate is rationally tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Prochetto
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Carolina Roldán
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Iván A Bontempi
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Daiana Bertona
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Luz Peverengo
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Miguel H Vicco
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Luz M Rodeles
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Ana R Pérez
- IDICER-CONICET and Instituto de Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Iván S Marcipar
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Gabriel Cabrera
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
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Eickhoff CS, Zhang X, Vasconcelos JR, Motz RG, Sullivan NL, O’Shea K, Pozzi N, Gohara DW, Blase JR, Di Cera E, Hoft DF. Costimulatory Effects of an Immunodominant Parasite Antigen Paradoxically Prevent Induction of Optimal CD8 T Cell Protective Immunity. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005896. [PMID: 27642757 PMCID: PMC5028030 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi infection is controlled but not eliminated by host immunity. The T. cruzi trans-sialidase (TS) gene superfamily encodes immunodominant protective antigens, but expression of altered peptide ligands by different TS genes has been hypothesized to promote immunoevasion. We molecularly defined TS epitopes to determine their importance for protection versus parasite persistence. Peptide-pulsed dendritic cell vaccination experiments demonstrated that one pair of immunodominant CD4+ and CD8+ TS peptides alone can induce protective immunity (100% survival post-lethal parasite challenge). TS DNA vaccines have been shown by us (and others) to protect BALB/c mice against T. cruzi challenge. We generated a new TS vaccine in which the immunodominant TS CD8+ epitope MHC anchoring positions were mutated, rendering the mutant TS vaccine incapable of inducing immunity to the immunodominant CD8 epitope. Immunization of mice with wild type (WT) and mutant TS vaccines demonstrated that vaccines encoding enzymatically active protein and the immunodominant CD8+ T cell epitope enhance subdominant pathogen-specific CD8+ T cell responses. More specifically, CD8+ T cells from WT TS DNA vaccinated mice were responsive to 14 predicted CD8+ TS epitopes, while T cells from mutant TS DNA vaccinated mice were responsive to just one of these 14 predicted TS epitopes. Molecular and structural biology studies revealed that this novel costimulatory mechanism involves CD45 signaling triggered by enzymatically active TS. This enhancing effect on subdominant T cells negatively regulates protective immunity. Using peptide-pulsed DC vaccination experiments, we have shown that vaccines inducing both immunodominant and subdominant epitope responses were significantly less protective than vaccines inducing only immunodominant-specific responses. These results have important implications for T. cruzi vaccine development. Of broader significance, we demonstrate that increasing breadth of T cell epitope responses induced by vaccination is not always advantageous for host immunity. Chagas disease, driven by persistent infection with the intracellular protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the Americas. Infections with complex pathogens induce T cell responses to a variety of proteins and epitopes in a specific and sometimes predictable pattern of immune dominance. Extensive research has been conducted with the goal of broadening vaccine-induced T cell responses, for example to better protect against pathogen immune escape due to epitope mutation. We show that T. cruzi trans-sialidase (TS) induces complex immunodominant and subdominant T cell responses after both T. cruzi infection and TS vaccination. In order to study the importance of immunodominant and subdominant TS epitopes, we generated TS vaccines designed to abolish T cell responses to the immunodominant TS CD8+ T cell epitope. These vaccines indeed abolished CD8+ T cell responses to the immunodominant epitope, but interestingly also eliminated T cell responses to many subdominant epitopes. Furthermore, vaccines inducing both immunodominant and subdominant epitope responses were significantly less protective than vaccines inducing only immunodominant-specific responses. Thus, increasing the breadth of T cell epitope recognition may not necessarily enhance protective immunity, and in fact, may be detrimental to the desired goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S. Eickhoff
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy & Immunology, Saint Louis University Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy & Immunology, Saint Louis University Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jose R. Vasconcelos
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
| | - R. Geoffrey Motz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy & Immunology, Saint Louis University Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Nicole L. Sullivan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy & Immunology, Saint Louis University Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Kelly O’Shea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy & Immunology, Saint Louis University Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Nicola Pozzi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - David W. Gohara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jennifer R. Blase
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy & Immunology, Saint Louis University Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Enrico Di Cera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Daniel F. Hoft
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy & Immunology, Saint Louis University Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Torres-Sangiao E, Holban AM, Gestal MC. Advanced Nanobiomaterials: Vaccines, Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21070867. [PMID: 27376260 PMCID: PMC6273484 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21070867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of nanoparticles has contributed to many advances due to their important properties such as, size, shape or biocompatibility. The use of nanotechnology in medicine has great potential, especially in medical microbiology. Promising data show the possibility of shaping immune responses and fighting severe infections using synthetic materials. Different studies have suggested that the addition of synthetic nanoparticles in vaccines and immunotherapy will have a great impact on public health. On the other hand, antibiotic resistance is one of the major concerns worldwide; a recent report of the World Health Organization (WHO) states that antibiotic resistance could cause 300 million deaths by 2050. Nanomedicine offers an innovative tool for combating the high rates of resistance that we are fighting nowadays, by the development of both alternative therapeutic and prophylaxis approaches and also novel diagnosis methods. Early detection of infectious diseases is the key to a successful treatment and the new developed applications based on nanotechnology offer an increased sensibility and efficiency of the diagnosis. The aim of this review is to reveal and discuss the main advances made on the science of nanomaterials for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. Highlighting innovative approaches utilized to: (i) increasing the efficiency of vaccines; (ii) obtaining shuttle systems that require lower antibiotic concentrations; (iii) developing coating devices that inhibit microbial colonization and biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Torres-Sangiao
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University Santiago de Compostela, Galicia 15782, Spain.
| | - Alina Maria Holban
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest 060101, Romania.
- Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Bucharest 060042, Romania.
| | - Monica Cartelle Gestal
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens (UGA), GA 30602, USA.
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Status of vaccine research and development of vaccines for Chagas disease. Vaccine 2016; 34:2996-3000. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.03.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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29
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Freire-de-Lima L, da Fonseca LM, da Silva VA, da Costa KM, Morrot A, Freire-de-Lima CG, Previato JO, Mendonça-Previato L. Modulation of Cell Sialoglycophenotype: A Stylish Mechanism Adopted by Trypanosoma cruzi to Ensure Its Persistence in the Infected Host. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:698. [PMID: 27242722 PMCID: PMC4862976 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease exhibits multiple mechanisms to guarantee its establishment and persistence in the infected host. It has been well demonstrated that T. cruzi is not able to synthesize sialic acids (Sia). To acquire the monosaccharide, the parasite makes use of a multifunctional enzyme called trans-sialidase (Tc-TS). Since this enzyme has no analogous in the vertebrate host, it has been used as a target in drug therapy development. Tc-TS preferentially catalyzes the transfer of Sia from the host glycoconjugates to the terminal β-galactopyranosyl residues of mucin-like molecules present on the parasite's cell surface. Alternatively, the enzyme can sialylate/re-sialylate glycoconjugates expressed on the surface of host cells. Since its discovery, several studies have shown that T. cruzi employs the Tc-TS activity to modulate the host cell sialoglycophenotype, thus favoring its perpetuation in the infected vertebrate. In this review, we summarize the dynamic of host/parasite sialoglycophenotype modulation, highlighting its role in the subversion of host immune response in order to promote the establishment of persistent chronic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Freire-de-Lima
- Laboratório de Glicobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leonardo M da Fonseca
- Laboratório de Glicobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vanessa A da Silva
- Laboratório de Glicobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Kelli M da Costa
- Laboratório de Glicobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Morrot
- Instituto de Microbiologia Professor Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Célio G Freire-de-Lima
- Laboratório de Glicobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jose O Previato
- Laboratório de Glicobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lucia Mendonça-Previato
- Laboratório de Glicobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Matos MN, Sánchez Alberti A, Morales C, Cazorla SI, Malchiodi EL. A prime-boost immunization with Tc52 N-terminal domain DNA and the recombinant protein expressed in Pichia pastoris protects against Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Vaccine 2016; 34:3243-51. [PMID: 27177947 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We have previously reported that the N-terminal domain of the antigen Tc52 (NTc52) is the section of the protein that confers the strongest protection against Trypanosoma cruzi infection. To improve vaccine efficacy, we conducted here a prime-boost strategy (NTc52PB) by inoculating two doses of pcDNA3.1 encoding the NTc52 DNA carried by attenuated Salmonella (SNTc52), followed by two doses of recombinant NTc52 expressed in Picchia pastoris plus ODN-CpG as adjuvant. This strategy was comparatively analyzed with the following protocols: (1) two doses of NTc52+ODN-CpG by intranasal route followed by two doses of NTc52+ODN-CpG by intradermal route (NTc52CpG); (2) four doses of SNTc52; and (3) a control group with four doses of Salmonella carrying the empty plasmid. All immunized groups developed a predominant Th1 cellular immune response but with important differences in antibody development and protection against infection. Thus, immunization with just SNTc52 induces a strong specific cellular response, a specific systemic antibody response that is weak yet functional (considering lysis of trypomastigotes and inhibition of cell invasion), and IgA mucosal immunity, protecting in both the acute and chronic stages of infection. The group that received only recombinant protein (NTc52CpG) developed a strong antibody immune response but weaker cellular immunity than the other groups, and the protection against infection was clear in the acute phase of infection but not in chronicity. The prime-boost strategy, which combines DNA and protein vaccine and both mucosal and systemic immunizations routes, was the best assayed protocol, inducing strong cellular and humoral responses as well as specific mucosal IgA, thus conferring better protection in the acute and chronic stages of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina N Matos
- Cátedra de Inmunología and Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), UBA-CONICET, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología and Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM), UBA-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrés Sánchez Alberti
- Cátedra de Inmunología and Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), UBA-CONICET, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología and Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM), UBA-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Celina Morales
- Instituto de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular, Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia I Cazorla
- Cátedra de Inmunología and Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), UBA-CONICET, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología and Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM), UBA-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Emilio L Malchiodi
- Cátedra de Inmunología and Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), UBA-CONICET, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología and Instituto de Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM), UBA-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Bontempi I, Vicco MH, Bayry J. Chronic Chagas disease: can prophylaxis and therapeutic vaccines crack this ‘hard nut’? Immunotherapy 2016; 8:99-101. [DOI: 10.2217/imt.15.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Iván Bontempi
- Laboratorio de Tecnología Inmunológica, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Miguel Hernán Vicco
- Laboratorio de Tecnología Inmunológica, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Jagadeesh Bayry
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
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Experimental Vaccines against Chagas Disease: A Journey through History. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:489758. [PMID: 26090490 PMCID: PMC4452192 DOI: 10.1155/2015/489758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease, or American trypanosomiasis, which is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, is primarily a vector disease endemic in 21 Latin American countries, including Mexico. Although many vector control programs have been implemented, T. cruzi has not been eradicated. The development of an anti-T. cruzi vaccine for prophylactic and therapeutic purposes may significantly contribute to the transmission control of Chagas disease. Immune protection against experimental infection with T. cruzi has been studied since the second decade of the last century, and many types of immunogens have been used subsequently, such as killed or attenuated parasites and new DNA vaccines. This primary prevention strategy appears feasible, effective, safe, and inexpensive, although problems remain. The objective of this review is to summarize the research efforts about the development of vaccines against Chagas disease worldwide. A thorough literature review was conducted by searching PubMed with the terms “Chagas disease” and “American trypanosomiasis” together with “vaccines” or “immunization”. In addition, reports and journals not cited in PubMed were identified. Publications in English, Spanish, and Portuguese were reviewed.
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